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Before [[Unicode]] became widely available, several [[ASCII]]-based encoding systems of the IPA were proposed. The alphabet went through a large revision at the [[Kiel Convention]] of 1989, and the vowel symbols again in 1993.<ref>{{cite journal|author=International Phonetic Association|year=1993|title=Council actions on revisions of the IPA|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=23|issue=1|pages=32–34|doi=10.1017/S002510030000476X|s2cid=249420050 }}</ref> Systems devised before these revisions inevitably lack support for the additions they introduced. Only language-neutral systems are discussed below because language-dependent ones (such as [[ARPABET]]) do not allow for a systematic comparison. ==General information== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" | System ! scope="col" | Author(s) ! scope="col" | Created ! scope="col" | Last <br />updated ! scope="col" | Note ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- ! scope="row" | Branner {{nobold|(unnamed)}} | David Prager Branner at the [[University of Washington]] | 1994 | {{dunno}} | | <ref>{{cite web|last=Branner|first=David Prager|year=1994|url=http://weber.u.washington.edu/~yuenren/ASCII_IPA.html|title=Proposal for an ASCII Version of the IPA|publisher=University of Washington|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990209070257/http://weber.u.washington.edu/~yuenren/ASCII_IPA.html|archive-date=9 February 1999}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | Millar & Oasa {{nobold|(unnamed)}} | J. Bruce Millar and Hiroaki Oasa at [[Australian National University]] | 1981 | 1981 | | <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Millar|first1=J. B.|last2=Oasa|first2=H.|year=1981|title=Proposal for ASCII coded phonetic script|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=11|issue=2|pages=62–74|doi=10.1017/S0025100300002279|s2cid=146352996 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | PHONASCII | George D. Allen at [[Purdue University]] | 1988 | 1988 | Not a direct mapping of the IPA. Segments are separated by spaces, and diacritics by commas. | <ref>{{cite journal|last=Allen|first=George D.|year=1988|title=The PHONASCII system|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=18|issue=1|pages=9–25|doi=10.1017/S0025100300003509|s2cid=143899772 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Praat]] | Paul Boersma and David Weenink at the [[University of Amsterdam]] | 1991 | 2021 | | <ref>{{cite web|last1=Boersma|first1=Paul|last2=Weenink|first2=David|date=4 August 2009|url=http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Phonetic_symbols.html|title=Phonetic symbols|work=Praat}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | IPA (SIL) Keyboard | [[SIL International]] | 1994 | 2021 | | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://help.keyman.com/keyboard/sil_ipa/|title=IPA (SIL) Keyboard Help|work=Keyman Help|publisher=SIL International}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database]] (UPSID) | [[Ian Maddieson]] at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] | 1984 | {{dunno}} | Presented here is the scheme used for representing phonemes in the database of phonological inventories. Consequently, it is not designed for transcription of multiple segments and does not have symbols for values not found phonemically in the languages sampled. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Reetz|first=Henning|date=23 May 2018|url=http://menzerath.phonetik.uni-frankfurt.de/upsid.html|title=Simple UPSID interface|publisher=Universität Frankfurt}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[Kirshenbaum|Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription]] | Participants in ''sci.lang'' and ''alt.usage.english'' [[newsgroup]]s (later maintained by Evan Kirshenbaum at [[HP Labs]]) | 1991 | 2011 | Also known variously as "ASCII-IPA", "Kirshenbaum", etc.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gómez-Vilda|first1=Pedro|last2=Ferrández-Vicente|first2=José Manuel|last3=Rodellar-Biarge|first3=Victoria|last4=Álvarez-Marquina|first4=Agustín|last5=Mazaira-Fernández|first5=Luis Miguel|last6=Martínez-Olalla|first6=Rafael|last7=Muñoz-Mulas|first7=Cristina|year=2009|contribution=Detection of Speech Dynamics by Neuromorphic Units|editor1-last=Mira|editor1-first=José|editor2-last=Ferrández|editor2-first=José Manuel|editor3-last=Álvarez|editor3-first=José R.|editor4-last=de la Paz|editor4-first=Félix|editor5-last=Toledo|editor5-first=F. Javier|title=Methods and Models in Artificial and Natural Computation: A Homage to Professor Mira's Scientific Legacy – Third International Work-Conference on the Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2009, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, June 22-26, 2009, Proceedings, Part I|publisher=Springer|pages=67–78|isbn=978-3-642-02263-0|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-02264-7_8}} Page 74.</ref> [[IETF language tag|IETF language subtags]] register {{mono|fonkirsh}} to identify text in this convention.<ref name="IANA">{{cite web |title=Language Subtag Registry |url=https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry |publisher=IANA |access-date=30 April 2021 |language=en |date=2021-03-05}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite web|last=Kirshenbaum|first=Evan|date=6 September 2011|url=http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf|title=Representing IPA phonetics in ASCII|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419125856/http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | Worldbet | James L. Hieronymus at [[AT&T Bell Laboratories]] | 1994 | 1994 | Segments are separated by spaces. | <ref>{{cite journal|last=Hieronymus|first=James L.|year=1994|title=ASCII Phonetic Symbols for the World's Languages: Worldbet|journal=AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Memorandum|citeseerx=10.1.1.225.9914}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | [[X-SAMPA]] | [[John C. Wells]] at [[University College London]] | 1995 | 2000 | [[IETF language tag|IETF language subtags]] register {{mono|fonxsamp}} to identify text in this convention.<ref name="IANA"/> | <ref>{{cite web|last=Wells|first=John|date=3 May 2000|url=https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/x-sampa.htm|title=Computer-coding the IPA: a proposed extension of SAMPA|publisher=University College London}}</ref> |} ==Symbols== Only the symbols in the latest [[IPA chart]] are included. The numbers in the leftmost column, according to which the symbols are sorted, are the [[IPA Number]]s. Some of the IPA symbols to which a system lacks a corresponding symbol may still be represented in that system by use of a modifier (diacritic), but such combinations are not included unless the documentation explicitly assigns one for the value. {{sticky header}} {| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" ! scope="col" | [[IPA Number|#]] ! scope="col" | IPA ! scope="col" | Branner ! scope="col" | {{abbr|M&O|Millar & Oasa}} ! scope="col" | PHONASCII ! scope="col" | Praat ! scope="col" | SIL ! scope="col" | UPSID ! scope="col" | Usenet ! scope="col" | Worldbet ! scope="col" | X-SAMPA ! scope="col" | Value |- | 101 | {{IPA|p}} | <code>p</code> | <code>p</code> | <code>p</code> | <code>p</code> | <code>p</code> | <code>p</code> | <code>p</code> | <code>p</code> | <code>p</code> | [[Voiceless bilabial plosive]] |- | 102 | {{IPA|b}} | <code>b</code> | <code>b</code> | <code>b</code> | <code>b</code> | <code>b</code> | <code>b</code> | <code>b</code> | <code>b</code> | <code>b</code> | [[Voiced bilabial plosive]] |- | 103 | {{IPA|t}} | <code>t</code> | <code>t</code> | <code>t</code> | <code>t</code> | <code>t</code> | <code>t</code> | <code>t</code> | <code>t</code> | <code>t</code> | [[Voiceless alveolar plosive]] |- | 104 | {{IPA|d}} | <code>d</code> | <code>d</code> | <code>d</code> | <code>d</code> | <code>d</code> | <code>d</code> | <code>d</code> | <code>d</code> | <code>d</code> | [[Voiced alveolar plosive]] |- | 105 | {{IPA|ʈ}} | <code>tr)</code> | <code>t(</code> | <code>tr</code> | <code>\t.</code> | <code>t<</code> | <code>t.</code> | <code>t.</code> | <code>tr</code> | <code>t`</code> | [[Voiceless retroflex plosive]] |- | 106 | {{IPA|ɖ}} | <code>dr)</code> | <code>d(</code> | <code>dr</code> | <code>\d.</code> | <code>d<</code> | <code>d.</code> | <code>d.</code> | <code>dr</code> | <code>d`</code> | [[Voiced retroflex plosive]] |- | 107 | {{IPA|c}} | <code>c</code> | <code>c</code> | <code>c</code> | <code>c</code> | <code>c</code> | <code>c</code> | <code>c</code> | <code>c</code> | <code>c</code> | [[Voiceless palatal plosive]] |- | 108 | {{IPA|ɟ}} | <code>j-</code> | <code>J</code> | <code>J</code> | <code>\j-</code> | <code>j=</code> | <code>dj</code> | <code>J^</code> | <code>J</code> | <code>J\</code> | [[Voiced palatal plosive]] |- | 109 | {{IPA|k}} | <code>k</code> | <code>k</code> | <code>k</code> | <code>k</code> | <code>k</code> | <code>k</code> | <code>k</code> | <code>k</code> | <code>k</code> | [[Voiceless velar plosive]] |- | 110 | {{IPA|ɡ}} | <code>g</code> | <code>g</code> | <code>g</code> | <code>\gs</code> | <code>g<</code> | <code>g</code> | <code>g</code> | <code>g</code> | <code>g</code> | [[Voiced velar plosive]] |- | 111 | {{IPA|q}} | <code>q</code> | <code>q</code> | <code>q</code> | <code>q</code> | <code>q</code> | <code>q</code> | <code>q</code> | <code>q</code> | <code>q</code> | [[Voiceless uvular plosive]] |- | 112 | {{IPA|ɢ}} | <code>G</code> | <code>G</code> | <code>G</code> | <code>\gc</code> | <code>G=</code> | <code>G</code> | <code>G</code> | <code>Q</code> | <code>G\</code> | [[Voiced uvular plosive]] |- | 113 | {{IPA|ʔ}} | <code>?</code> | <code>?</code> | <code>?</code> | <code>\?g</code> | <code>?=</code> | <code>?</code> | <code>?</code> | <code>?</code> | <code>?</code> | [[Glottal plosive]] |- | 114 | {{IPA|m}} | <code>m</code> | <code>m</code> | <code>m</code> | <code>m</code> | <code>m</code> | <code>m</code> | <code>m</code> | <code>m</code> | <code>m</code> | [[Voiced bilabial nasal]] |- | 115 | {{IPA|ɱ}} | <code>m"</code> | <code>m></code> | <code>mv</code> | <code>\mj</code> | <code>m></code> | <code>mD</code> | <code>M</code> | <code>M</code> | <code>F</code> | [[Voiced labiodental nasal]] |- | 116 | {{IPA|n}} | <code>n</code> | <code>n</code> | <code>n</code> | <code>n</code> | <code>n</code> | <code>n</code> | <code>n</code> | <code>n</code> | <code>n</code> | [[Voiced alveolar nasal]] |- | 117 | {{IPA|ɳ}} | <code>nr)</code> | <code>n(</code> | <code>nr</code> | <code>\n.</code> | <code>n<</code> | <code>n.</code> | <code>n.</code> | <code>nr</code> | <code>n`</code> | [[Voiced retroflex nasal]] |- | 118 | {{IPA|ɲ}} | <code>nj)</code> | <code>n)</code> | <code>nj</code> | <code>\nj</code> | <code>n=</code> | <code>nj</code> | <code>n^</code> | <code>n~</code> | <code>J</code> | [[Voiced palatal nasal]] |- | 119 | {{IPA|ŋ}} | <code>ng)</code> | <code>g~</code> | <code>ng</code> | <code>\ng</code> | <code>n></code> | <code>N</code> | <code>N</code> | <code>N</code> | <code>N</code> | [[Voiced velar nasal]] |- | 120 | {{IPA|ɴ}} | <code>N</code> | <code>N</code> | <code>N</code> | <code>\nc</code> | <code>N=</code> | <code>nU</code> | <code>n"</code> | <code>Nq</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed|In Worldbet, these combinations are given as merely proposed for values "for which no machine-readable coding has yet been proposed".}} | <code>N\</code> | [[Voiced uvular nasal]] |- | 121 | {{IPA|ʙ}} | <code>B</code> | | <code>bb</code> | <code>\bc</code> | <code>B=</code> | | <code>b&lt;trl&gt;</code> | <code>B</code> | <code>B\</code> | [[Voiced bilabial trill]] |- | 122 | {{IPA|r}} | <code>r</code> | <code>r</code> | <code>rr</code> | <code>r</code> | <code>r</code> | <code>r</code> | <code>r&lt;trl&gt;</code> | <code>r</code> | <code>r</code> | [[Voiced alveolar trill]] |- | 123 | {{IPA|ʀ}} | <code>R</code> | <code>R</code> | <code>RR</code> | <code>\rc</code> | <code>R=</code> | <code>R</code> | <code>r"</code> | <code>R</code> | <code>R\</code> | [[Voiced uvular trill]] |- | 124 | {{IPA|ɾ}} | <code>r"</code> | <code>r*</code> | <code>dt</code> | <code>\fh</code> | <code>r></code> | <code>r[</code> | <code>*</code> | <code>d(</code> | <code>4</code> | [[Voiced alveolar tap]] |- | 125 | {{IPA|ɽ}} | <code>rr)</code> | <code>r(*</code> | <code>rt</code> | <code>\f.</code> | <code>r<</code> | <code>r.[</code> | <code>*.</code> | <code>rr</code> | <code>r`</code> | [[Voiced retroflex flap]] |- | 126 | {{IPA|ɸ}} | <code>P"</code> | <code>F</code> | <code>F</code> | <code>\ff</code> | <code>f=</code> | <code>P</code> | <code>P</code> | <code>F</code> | <code>p\</code> | [[Voiceless bilabial fricative]] |- | 127 | {{IPA|β}} | <code>B"</code> | <code>B</code> | <code>V</code> | <code>\bf</code> | <code>b=</code> | <code>B</code> | <code>B</code> | <code>V</code> | <code>B</code> | [[Voiced bilabial fricative]] |- | 128 | {{IPA|f}} | <code>f</code> | <code>f</code> | <code>f</code> | <code>f</code> | <code>f</code> | <code>f</code> | <code>f</code> | <code>f</code> | <code>f</code> | [[Voiceless labiodental fricative]] |- | 129 | {{IPA|v}} | <code>v</code> | <code>v</code> | <code>v</code> | <code>v</code> | <code>v</code> | <code>v</code> | <code>v</code> | <code>v</code> | <code>v</code> | [[Voiced labiodental fricative]] |- | 130 | {{IPA|θ}} | <code>O-</code> | <code>s[]</code> | <code>sd</code> | <code>\tf</code> | <code>t=</code> | <code>0D</code> | <code>T</code> | <code>T</code> | <code>T</code> | [[Voiceless dental fricative]] |- | 131 | {{IPA|ð}} | <code>d-</code> | <code>z[]</code> | <code>zd</code> | <code>\dh</code> | <code>d=</code> | <code>6D</code> | <code>D</code> | <code>D</code> | <code>D</code> | [[Voiced dental fricative]] |- | 132 | {{IPA|s}} | <code>s</code> | <code>s</code> | <code>s</code> | <code>s</code> | <code>s</code> | <code>s</code> | <code>s</code> | <code>s</code> | <code>s</code> | [[Voiceless alveolar fricative]] |- | 133 | {{IPA|z}} | <code>z</code> | <code>z</code> | <code>z</code> | <code>z</code> | <code>z</code> | <code>z</code> | <code>z</code> | <code>z</code> | <code>z</code> | [[Voiced alveolar fricative]] |- | 134 | {{IPA|ʃ}} | <code>S</code> | <code>sV</code> | <code>S</code> | <code>\sh</code> | <code>s=</code> | <code>S</code> | <code>S</code> | <code>S</code> | <code>S</code> | [[Voiceless postalveolar fricative]] |- | 135 | {{IPA|ʒ}} | <code>3"</code> | <code>zV</code> | <code>Z</code> | <code>\zh</code> | <code>z=</code> | <code>Z</code> | <code>Z</code> | <code>Z</code> | <code>Z</code> | [[Voiced postalveolar fricative]] |- | 136 | {{IPA|ʂ}} | <code>sr)</code> | <code>s(</code> | <code>sr</code> | <code>\s.</code> | <code>s<</code> | <code>s.</code> | <code>s.</code> | <code>sr</code> | <code>s`</code> | [[Voiceless retroflex fricative]] |- | 137 | {{IPA|ʐ}} | <code>zr)</code> | <code>z(</code> | <code>zr</code> | <code>\z.</code> | <code>z<</code> | <code>z.</code> | <code>z.</code> | <code>zr</code> | <code>z`</code> | [[Voiced retroflex fricative]] |- | 138 | {{IPA|ç}} | <code>c"</code> | <code>c$</code> | <code>c\</code> | <code>\c,</code> | <code>c=</code> | <code>C</code> | <code>C</code> | <code>C</code> | <code>C</code> | [[Voiceless palatal fricative]] |- | 139 | {{IPA|ʝ}} | <code>j"</code> | <code>j$</code> | <code>J\</code> | <code>\jc</code> | <code>j<</code> | <code>jF</code> | <code>C&lt;vcd&gt;</code> | <code>j^</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>j\</code> | [[Voiced palatal fricative]] |- | 140 | {{IPA|x}} | <code>x</code> | <code>x</code> | <code>x</code> | <code>x</code> | <code>x</code> | <code>x</code> | <code>x</code> | <code>x</code> | <code>x</code> | [[Voiceless velar fricative]] |- | 141 | {{IPA|ɣ}} | <code>g"</code> | <code>r=<</code> | <code>g\</code> | <code>\gf</code> | <code>g=</code> | <code>gF</code> | <code>Q</code> | <code>G</code> | <code>G</code> | [[Voiced velar fricative]] |- | 142 | {{IPA|χ}} | <code>X</code> | <code>X</code> | <code>X</code> | <code>\cf</code> | <code>x=</code> | <code>X</code> | <code>X</code> | <code>X</code> | <code>X</code> | [[Voiceless uvular fricative]] |- | 143 | {{IPA|ʁ}} | <code>R%</code> | <code>R=</code> | <code>G\</code>{{efn|The [[uvular approximant]] is represented by <code>R</code> in PHONASCII.}} | <code>\ri</code> | <code>R></code> | <code>RF</code> | <code>g"</code> | <code>K</code> | <code>R</code> | [[Voiced uvular fricative]] |- | 144 | {{IPA|ħ}} | <code>h-</code> | <code>h<</code> | <code>H</code> | <code>\h-</code> | <code>h></code> | <code>H</code> | <code>H</code> | <code>H</code> | <code>X\</code> | [[Voiceless pharyngeal fricative]] |- | 145 | {{IPA|ʕ}} | <code>?&</code> | <code>6<</code> | <code>Hv</code> | <code>\9e</code> | <code>?<</code> | <code>9</code> | <code>H&lt;vcd&gt;</code> | <code>!</code> | <code>?\</code> | [[Voiced pharyngeal fricative]] |- | 146 | {{IPA|h}} | <code>h</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>h</code> | [[Voiceless glottal fricative]] |- | 147 | {{IPA|ɦ}} | <code>h"</code> | <code>6</code> | <code>hv</code> | <code>\h^</code> | <code>h<</code> | <code>hh</code> | <code>h&lt;?&gt;</code> | <code>hv</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>h\</code> | [[Voiced glottal fricative]] |- | 148 | {{IPA|ɬ}} | <code>l-</code> | <code>l%$</code> | <code>ls</code> | <code>\l-</code> | <code>l=</code> | <code>hlF</code> | <code>s&lt;lat&gt;</code> or <code>L</code>{{efn|name=usenet-l|<code>L</code> represents either a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative, a velar approximant, or a velarized alveolar lateral approximant in the Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription.}} | <code>hl</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>K</code> | [[Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative]] |- | 149 | {{IPA|ɮ}} | <code>l3")</code> | <code>l$</code> | <code>lz</code> | <code>\lz</code> | <code>l></code> | <code>lF</code> | <code>z&lt;lat&gt;</code> | <code>Zl</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>K\</code> | [[Voiced alveolar lateral fricative]] |- | 150 | {{IPA|ʋ}} | <code>v"</code> | <code>v></code> | | <code>\vs</code> | <code>v=</code> | <code>vA</code> | <code>r&lt;lbd&gt;</code> | <code>V[</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>P</code> or <code>V\</code> | [[Voiced labiodental approximant]] |- | 151 | {{IPA|ɹ}} | <code>r&</code> | <code>r=</code> | <code>r</code> | <code>\rt</code> | <code>r=</code> | <code>rA</code> | <code>r</code> | <code>9</code> | <code>r\</code> | [[Voiced alveolar approximant]] |- | 152 | {{IPA|ɻ}} | <code>jr)</code> | <code>r=(</code> | | <code>\r.</code> | <code>R<</code> | <code>r.A</code> | <code>r.</code> | <code>9r</code> | <code>r\`</code> | [[Voiced retroflex approximant]] |- | 153 | {{IPA|j}} | <code>j</code> | <code>j</code> | <code>j</code> | <code>j</code> | <code>j</code> | <code>j</code> | <code>j</code> | <code>j</code> | <code>j</code> | [[Voiced palatal approximant]] |- | 154 | {{IPA|ɰ}} | <code>m&"</code> | | <code>Rg</code> | <code>\ml</code> | <code>w></code> | <code>RA</code> | <code>j&lt;vel&gt;</code> | <code>4)</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>M\</code> | [[Voiced velar approximant]] |- | 155 | {{IPA|l}} | <code>l</code> | <code>l</code> | <code>l</code> | <code>l</code> | <code>l</code> | <code>l</code> | <code>l</code> | <code>l</code> | <code>l</code> | [[Voiced alveolar lateral approximant]] |- | 156 | {{IPA|ɭ}} | <code>lr)</code> | <code>l(</code> | <code>lr</code> | <code>\l.</code> | <code>l<</code> | <code>l.</code> | <code>l.</code> | <code>lr</code> | <code>l`</code> | [[Voiced retroflex lateral approximant]] |- | 157 | {{IPA|ʎ}} | <code>y&</code> | <code>l)</code> | <code>lj</code> | <code>\yt</code> | <code>L<</code> | <code>lj</code> | <code>l^</code> | <code>L</code> | <code>L</code> | [[Voiced palatal lateral approximant]] |- | 158 | {{IPA|ʟ}} | <code>L</code> | | | <code>\lc</code> | <code>L=</code> | <code>L</code> | <code>L</code>{{efn|name=usenet-l}} | <code>Lg</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>L\</code> | [[Voiced velar lateral approximant]] |- | 160 | {{IPA|ɓ}} | <code>b$</code> | <code>b,,</code> | <code>b?</code> | <code>\b^</code> | <code>b></code> | <code>b<</code> | <code>b`</code> | <code>b<</code> | <code>b_<</code> | [[Voiced bilabial implosive]] |- | 162 | {{IPA|ɗ}} | <code>d$</code> | <code>d,,</code> | <code>d?</code> | <code>\d^</code> | <code>d></code> | <code>d<</code> | <code>d`</code> | <code>d<</code> | <code>d_<</code> | [[Voiced alveolar implosive]] |- | 164 | {{IPA|ʄ}} | <code>j$</code> | <code>J,,</code> | <code>J?</code> | <code>\j^</code> | <code>j></code> | <code>dj<</code> | <code>J`</code> | <code>J<</code> | <code>J\_<</code> | [[Voiced palatal implosive]] |- | 166 | {{IPA|ɠ}} | <code>g$</code> | <code>g,,</code> | <code>g?</code> | <code>\g^</code> | <code>g></code> | <code>g<</code> | <code>g`</code> | <code>g<</code> | <code>g_<</code> | [[Voiced velar implosive]] |- | 168 | {{IPA|ʛ}} | <code>G$</code> | <code>G,,</code> | <code>G?</code> | <code>\G^</code> | <code>G></code> | <code>G<</code> | <code>G`</code> | <code>Q<</code> | <code>G\_<</code> | [[Voiced uvular implosive]] |- | 169 | {{IPA|ʍ}} | <code>w&</code> | | | <code>\wt</code> | <code>w=</code> | <code>hw</code> | <code>v&lt;vls&gt;</code> | <code>W</code> | <code>W</code> | [[Voiceless labial–velar fricative]] |- | 170 | {{IPA|w}} | <code>w</code> | <code>w</code> | <code>w</code> | <code>w</code> | <code>w</code> | <code>w</code> | <code>w</code> | <code>w</code> | <code>w</code> | [[Voiced labial–velar approximant]] |- | 171 | {{IPA|ɥ}} | <code>h&</code> | <code>w.</code> | | <code>\ht</code> | <code>y<</code> or <code>h=</code> | <code>wj</code> | <code>j&lt;rnd&gt;</code> | <code>jw</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>H</code> | [[Voiced labial–palatal approximant]] |- | 172 | {{IPA|ʜ}} | <code>H</code> | | | <code>\hc</code> | <code>Q=</code> | | | | <code>H\</code> | [[Voiceless epiglottal trill]] |- | 173 | {{IPA|ʡ}} | <code>?-</code> | | | <code>\?-</code> | <code>H=</code> | <code>99</code> | | | <code>>\</code> | [[Epiglottal plosive]] |- | 174 | {{IPA|ʢ}} | <code>?"</code> | | | <code>\9-</code> | <code>Q<</code> | | | | <code><\</code> | [[Voiced epiglottal trill]] |- | 175 | {{IPA|ɧ}} | <code>Sx)</code> | | | <code>\hj</code> | <code>H></code> | | | | <code>x\</code> | [[Sj-sound|''Sj''-sound]] |- | 176 | {{IPA|ʘ}} | <code>p!</code> | <code>p*</code> | | <code>\O.</code> | <code>p=</code> | | <code>p!</code> | <code>p&#124;</code> | <code>O\</code> | [[Bilabial click]] |- | 177 | {{IPA|ǀ}} | <code>t!</code> | <code>t*</code> | <code>t!</code> | <code>\&#124;1</code> | <code>!<</code> | <code>/</code> | <code>t!</code> | <code>&#124;</code> | <code>&#124;\</code> | [[Dental click]] |- | 178 | {{IPA|ǃ}} | <code>r!</code> | | | <code>!</code> | <code>!</code> | <code>!</code> | <code>c!</code>{{efn|name=usenet-cexcl|<code>c!</code> represents either an alveolar or palatal click in the Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription.}} | | <code>!\</code> | [[Alveolar click]] |- | 179 | {{IPA|ǂ}} | <code>c!</code> | <code>c*</code> | <code>c!</code> | <code>\&#124;-</code> | <code>!=</code> | <code>/=</code> | <code>c!</code>{{efn|name=usenet-cexcl}} | <code>c&#124;</code> | <code>=\</code> | [[Palatal click]] |- | 180 | {{IPA|ǁ}} | <code>l!</code> | <code>l*</code> | <code>l!</code> | <code>\&#124;2</code> | <code>!></code> | <code>#</code> | <code>l!</code> | <code>&#124;&#124;</code> | <code>&#124;\&#124;\</code> | [[Alveolar lateral click]] |- | 181 | {{IPA|ɺ}} | <code>l"</code> | | <code>lt</code> | <code>\rl</code> | <code>L></code> | <code>l[</code> | <code>*&lt;lat&gt;</code> | <code>l)</code> | <code>l\</code> | [[Voiced alveolar lateral flap]] |- | 182 | {{IPA|ɕ}} | <code>ci)</code> | <code>sV></code> | <code>ss</code> | <code>\cc</code> | <code>c<</code> | <code>SJ</code> | | <code>c}</code> | <code>s\</code> | [[Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative]] |- | 183 | {{IPA|ʑ}} | <code>zi)</code> | <code>zV></code> | <code>zz</code> | <code>\zc</code> | <code>z></code> | <code>ZJ</code> | | <code>z}</code> | <code>z\</code> | [[Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative]] |- | 184 | {{IPA|ⱱ}} | | | | | <code>v<</code> | <code>v[</code> | | | | [[Voiced labiodental flap]] |- | 209 | {{IPA|ɫ}} | <code>l~)</code> | <code>l-</code> | | <code>\l~</code> | <code>l~~</code> | <code>l-</code> | <code>L</code>{{efn|name=usenet-l}} | | <code>5</code> | [[Velarized alveolar lateral approximant]] |- | 301 | {{IPA|i}} | <code>i</code> | <code>i</code> | <code>i</code> | <code>i</code> | <code>i</code> | <code>i</code> | <code>i</code> | <code>i</code> | <code>i</code> | [[Close front unrounded vowel]] |- | 302 | {{IPA|e}} | <code>e</code> | <code>e</code> | <code>e</code> | <code>e</code> | <code>e</code> | <code>e</code> | <code>e</code> | <code>e</code> | <code>e</code> | [[Close-mid front unrounded vowel]] |- | 303 | {{IPA|ɛ}} | <code>E</code> | <code>E</code> | <code>E</code> | <code>\ef</code> | <code>e<</code> | <code>E</code> | <code>E</code> | <code>E</code> | <code>E</code> | [[Open-mid front unrounded vowel]] |- | 304 | {{IPA|a}} | <code>a</code> | <code>a</code> | <code>a</code> | <code>a</code> | <code>a</code> | <code>a</code> | <code>a</code> | <code>a</code> | <code>a</code> | [[Open front unrounded vowel]] |- | 305 | {{IPA|ɑ}} | <code>a"</code> | <code>A</code> | <code>aa</code> | <code>\as</code> | <code>a=</code> | <code>a_</code> | <code>A</code> | <code>A</code> | <code>A</code> | [[Open back unrounded vowel]] |- | 306 | {{IPA|ɔ}} | <code>c&</code> | <code>O</code> | <code>O</code> | <code>\ct</code> | <code>o<</code> | <code>O</code> | <code>O</code> | <code>></code> | <code>O</code> | [[Open-mid back rounded vowel]] |- | 307 | {{IPA|o}} | <code>o</code> | <code>o</code> | <code>o</code> | <code>o</code> | <code>o</code> | <code>o</code> | <code>o</code> | <code>o</code> | <code>o</code> | [[Close-mid back rounded vowel]] |- | 308 | {{IPA|u}} | <code>u</code> | <code>u</code> | <code>u</code> | <code>u</code> | <code>u</code> | <code>u</code> | <code>u</code> | <code>u</code> | <code>u</code> | [[Close back rounded vowel]] |- | 309 | {{IPA|y}} | <code>y</code> | <code>y</code> or <code>i!</code> | <code>y</code> | <code>y</code> | <code>y</code> | <code>y</code> | <code>y</code> | <code>y</code> | <code>y</code> | [[Close front rounded vowel]] |- | 310 | {{IPA|ø}} | <code>o/)</code> | <code>0</code> or <code>e!</code> | <code>oe</code> | <code>\o/</code> | <code>o></code> | <code>o/</code> | <code>Y</code> | <code>7</code> | <code>2</code> | [[Close-mid front rounded vowel]] |- | 311 | {{IPA|œ}} | <code>oe)</code> | <code>E!</code> | <code>oE</code> | <code>\oe</code> | <code>E<</code> | <code>E)</code> | <code>W</code> | <code>8</code> | <code>9</code> | [[Open-mid front rounded vowel]] |- | 312 | {{IPA|ɶ}} | <code>OE)</code> | <code>a!</code> | <code>OE</code> | <code>\Oe</code> | <code>E></code> | | <code>&.</code> | <code>6</code> | <code>&</code> | [[Open front rounded vowel]] |- | 313 | {{IPA|ɒ}} | <code>a"&</code> | <code>A=</code> or <code>A!</code> | <code>ao</code> | <code>\ab</code> | <code>o=</code> | <code>a_)</code> | <code>A.</code> | <code>5</code> | <code>Q</code> | [[Open back rounded vowel]] |- | 314 | {{IPA|ʌ}} | <code>v&</code> | <code>^</code>, <code>V=</code> or <code>O!</code> | <code>A</code> | <code>\vt</code> | <code>u></code> | <code>^</code> | <code>V</code> | <code>^</code> | <code>V</code> | [[Open-mid back unrounded vowel]] |- | 315 | {{IPA|ɤ}} | <code>U"</code> | <code>o!</code> | <code>oo</code> | <code>\rh</code> | <code>O></code> | <code>o(</code> | <code>o-</code> | <code>2</code> | <code>7</code> | [[Close-mid back unrounded vowel]] |- | 316 | {{IPA|ɯ}} | <code>m&</code> | <code>m=</code> or <code>u!</code> | <code>uu</code> | <code>\mt</code> | <code>u=</code> | <code>uu</code> | <code>u-</code> | <code>4</code> | <code>M</code> | [[Close back unrounded vowel]] |- | 317 | {{IPA|ɨ}} | <code>i-</code> | <code>i"</code> | <code>i-</code> | <code>\i-</code> | <code>I=</code> | <code>i_</code> | <code>i"</code> | <code>ix</code> | <code>1</code> | [[Close central unrounded vowel]] |- | 318 | {{IPA|ʉ}} | <code>u-</code> | <code>u"</code> | <code>u-</code> | <code>\u-</code> | <code>U=</code> | <code>u+</code> | <code>u"</code> | <code>ux</code> | <code>}</code> | [[Close central rounded vowel]] |- | 319 | {{IPA|ɪ}} | <code>I</code> | <code>I</code> | <code>I</code> | <code>\ic</code> | <code>i=</code> | <code>I</code> | <code>I</code> | <code>I</code> | <code>I</code> | [[Near-close near-front unrounded vowel]] |- | 320 | {{IPA|ʏ}} | <code>Y</code> | <code>Y</code> | <code>Y</code> | <code>\yc</code> | <code>Y=</code> | <code>Y</code> | <code>U.</code> | <code>Y</code> | <code>Y</code> | [[Near-close near-front rounded vowel]] |- | 321 | {{IPA|ʊ}} | <code>U</code> | <code>U</code> | <code>U</code> | <code>\hs</code> | <code>u<</code> | <code>U</code> | <code>U</code> | <code>U</code> | <code>U</code> | [[Near-close near-back rounded vowel]] |- | 322 | {{IPA|ə}} | <code>@</code> | <code>e=</code> | <code>6</code> | <code>\sw</code> | <code>e=</code> | <code>"@</code> | <code>@</code> | <code>&</code> | <code>@</code> | [[Mid central vowel]] |- | 323 | {{IPA|ɵ}} | <code>o-</code> | <code>o"</code> | | <code>\o-</code> | <code>O=</code> | <code>@)</code> | <code>@.</code> | <code>ox</code> | <code>8</code> | [[Close-mid central rounded vowel]] |- | 324 | {{IPA|ɐ}} | <code>a&</code> | | | <code>\at</code> | <code>a></code> | <code>4</code> | | <code>ax</code> | <code>6</code> | [[Near-open central vowel]] |- | 325 | {{IPA|æ}} | <code>ae)</code> | <code>@</code> | <code>ae</code> | <code>\ae</code> | <code>a<</code> | <code>aa</code> | <code>&</code> | <code>@</code> | <code>{</code> | [[Near-open front unrounded vowel]] |- | 326 | {{IPA|ɜ}} | <code>E&</code> | <code>E"</code> | <code>3</code> | <code>\er</code> | <code>e></code> | <code>3</code> | <code>V"</code> | <code>3</code> | <code>3</code> | [[Open-mid central unrounded vowel]] |- | 327 | {{IPA|ɚ}} | <code>xr^</code> | | <code>3r</code> | <code>\sr</code> | | <code>"@.</code> | <code>R</code> | | <code>@`</code> | [[R-colored vowel|R-coloured mid central vowel]] |- | 395 | {{IPA|ɞ}} | <code>E"</code> | <code>O"</code> | | <code>\kb</code> | <code>O<</code> | <code>3)</code> | <code>O"</code> | | <code>3\</code> | [[Open-mid central rounded vowel]] |- | 397 | {{IPA|ɘ}} | <code>e&</code> | <code>e"</code> | <code>6</code> | <code>\e-</code> | <code>E=</code> | <code>@</code> | <code>@&lt;umd&gt;</code> | | <code>@\</code> | [[Close-mid central unrounded vowel]] |- | 401 | {{IPA|◌ʼ}} | <code>`</code> | | <code>?</code> | <code>\ap</code> | <code>]]</code> | <code>'</code> | <code>`</code> | <code>></code> | <code>_></code> | [[Ejective]] |- | 402A | {{IPA|◌̥}} | rowspan="2" | <code>V)</code> | rowspan="2" | <code>%</code> | rowspan="2" | <code>,-v</code> | <code>\0v</code> | <code>%</code> | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | <code>&lt;o&gt;</code> | rowspan="2" | <code>0</code> | rowspan="2" | <code>_0</code> | rowspan="2" | [[Voiceless]] |- | 402B | {{IPA|◌̊}} | <code>\0^</code> | <code>@</code> |- | 403 | {{IPA|◌̬}} | <code>v)</code> | | <code>,+v</code> | | <code>%%</code> | | <code>&lt;vcd&gt;</code> | <code>v</code> | _v | [[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]] |- | 404 | {{IPA|ʰ}} | <code>h^</code> | <code>HH</code> | <code>,h</code> | <code>\^h</code> | <code>h^</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>&lt;h&gt;</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>_h</code> | [[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]] |- | 405 | {{IPA|◌̤}} | <code>h")</code> | | <code>,hv</code> | <code>\:v</code> | <code>%%%</code> | <code>h</code> | <code>&lt;?&gt;</code> | <code>Hv</code> | <code>_t</code> | [[Breathy voice]]d |- | 406 | {{IPA|◌̰}} | <code>~</code> | | <code>,?v</code> | <code>\~v</code> | <code>$$$</code> | <code>*</code> | | <code>?</code> | <code>_k</code> | [[Creaky voice]]d |- | 407 | {{IPA|◌̼}} | <code>{</code> | | | | <code><nowiki>{{{{</nowiki></code> | | | <code>{</code> | <code>_N</code> | [[Linguolabial]] |- | 408 | {{IPA|◌̪}} | <code>[</code> | <code>[</code> | <code>,d</code> | <code>\Nv</code> | <code>{</code> | | <code>[</code> | <code>[</code> | <code>_d</code> | [[Dental consonant|Dental]] |- | 409 | {{IPA|◌̺}} | <code>]</code> | | <code>,ap</code> | <code>\Uv</code> | <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code> | | | <code>]</code> | <code>_a</code> | [[Apical consonant|Apical]] |- | 410 | {{IPA|◌̻}} | <code>[]</code> | | <code>,lm</code> | <code>\Dv</code> | <code><nowiki>{{{</nowiki></code> | | | <code>}</code> | <code>_m</code> | [[Laminal consonant|Laminal]] |- | 411 | {{IPA|◌̹}} | <code>u)</code> | <code>}</code> | <code>,+w</code> | <code>\3v</code> | <code>++++</code> | | <code>.</code> | <code>(w)</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}} | <code>_O</code> | [[Roundedness|More rounded]] |- | 412 | {{IPA|◌̜}} | <code>U)</code> | <code>{</code> | | <code>\cv</code> | <code>____</code> | | <code>-</code> | | <code>_c</code> | [[Roundedness|Less rounded]] |- | 413 | {{IPA|◌̟}} | <code>+</code> | <code>+</code> | <code>,<</code> or <code>,fr</code> | <code>\+v</code> | <code>+</code> | | | <code>+</code> | <code>_+</code> | [[Relative articulation|Advanced]] |- | 414 | {{IPA|◌̠}} | <code>_</code> | <code>-</code>{{efn|name=mo-hyphen|<code>-</code> represents either retracted or "velarized or pharyngealized" in Millar & Oasa's system.}} | <code>,></code> or <code>,bk</code> | <code>\-v</code> | <code>_</code> | | | <code>-</code> | <code>_-</code> | [[Relative articulation|Retracted]] |- | 415 | {{IPA|◌̈}} | <code>"^</code> | <code>"</code> | | <code>\:^</code> | <code>*</code> | | <code>"</code> | | <code>_"</code> | [[Relative articulation|Centralized]] |- | 416 | {{IPA|◌̽}} | <code>x^</code> | | | <code>\x^</code> | <code>**</code> | | | | <code>_x</code> | [[Relative articulation|Mid-centralized]] |- | 417 | {{IPA|◌̘}} | <code><</code> | | | <code>\T(</code> | <code>+++</code> | | | <code>¿</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}}{{efn|name=worldbet-nonascii|<code>¿</code> and <code>¡</code> are not part of ASCII, but are nonetheless proposed as encoding advanced and retracted tongue root, respectively, in Worldbet.}} | <code>_A</code> | [[Advanced tongue root]] |- | 418 | {{IPA|◌̙}} | <code>></code> | | | <code>\T)</code> | <code>___</code> | | | <code>¡</code>{{efn|name=worldbet-proposed}}{{efn|name=worldbet-nonascii}} | <code>_q</code> | [[Retracted tongue root]] |- | 419 | {{IPA|◌˞}} | <code>r^</code> | | | <code>\hr</code> | <code>[[[</code> | <code>.</code> | <code>&lt;r&gt;</code> | | <code>`</code> | [[R-colored vowel|Rhoticity]] |- | 420 | {{IPA|ʷ}} | <code>w^</code> | | <code>,V\</code> | <code>\^w</code> | <code>w^</code> | <code>W</code> | <code>&lt;w&gt;</code> | <code>w</code> | <code>_w</code> | [[Labialization|Labialized]] |- | 421 | {{IPA|ʲ}} | <code>j^</code> | <code>.</code> | <code>,j</code> | <code>\^j</code> | <code>j^</code> | <code>J</code> | <code>&lt;pzd&gt;</code> | <code>j</code> | <code>'</code> or <code>_j</code> | [[Palatalization (phonetics)|Palatalized]] |- | 422 | {{IPA|ˠ}} | <code>g^</code> | | <code>,g</code> | <code>\^G</code> | <code>g=^</code> | <code>-</code> | <code>&lt;vzd&gt;</code> | <code>2</code> | <code>_G</code> | [[Velarization|Velarized]] |- | 423 | {{IPA|ˤ}} | <code>&g^</code> | | <code>,H</code> | <code>\^9</code> | <code>?<^</code> | <code>9</code> | <code>&lt;H&gt;</code> | <code>!</code> | <code>_?\</code> | [[Pharyngealization|Pharyngealized]] |- | 424 | {{IPA|◌̃}} | <code>~^</code> | <code>~</code> | <code>,+n</code> | <code>\~^</code> | <code>~</code> | <code>~</code> | <code>~</code> | <code>~</code> | <code>~</code> or <code>_~</code> | [[Nasalization|Nasalized]] |- | 425 | {{IPA|ⁿ}} | <code>n^</code> | | <code>,n-</code> | <code>\^n</code> | <code>n^</code> | <code>n</code> | | <code>n</code> | <code>_n</code> | [[Nasal release]] |- | 426 | {{IPA|ˡ}} | <code>l^</code> | | <code>,l-</code> | <code>\^l</code> | <code>l^</code> | <code>L</code> | | <code>l</code> | <code>_l</code> | [[Lateral release (phonetics)|Lateral release]] |- | 427 | {{IPA|◌̚}} | <code>.)</code> | | <code>,=</code> | <code>\cn</code> | <code>]]]</code> | | <code>&lt;unx&gt;</code> | <code>c</code> | <code>_}</code> | [[No audible release]] |- | 428 | {{IPA|◌̴}} | <code>~)</code> | <code>-</code>{{efn|name=mo-hyphen}} | | | | | | | <code>_e</code> | [[Velarization|Velarized]] or [[Pharyngealization|pharyngealized]] |- | 429 | {{IPA|◌̝}} | <code>=</code> | <code>.</code>{{efn|name=mo-period|<code>.</code> represents either raised or palatalized in Millar & Oasa's system.}} | <code>,/</code> or <code>,up</code> | <code>\T^</code> | <code>++</code> | | | | <code>_r</code> | [[Relative articulation|Raised]] |- | 430 | {{IPA|◌̞}} | <code>="</code> | <code>(</code> | <code>,\</code> or <code>,dn</code> | <code>\Tv</code> | <code>__</code> | | | | <code>_o</code> | [[Relative articulation|Lowered]] |- | 431 | {{IPA|◌̩}} | <code>,)</code> | <code>\</code> | <code>,$</code> | <code>\&#124;v</code> | <code>$</code> | | <code>-</code> | <code>=</code> | <code>=</code> or <code>_=</code> | [[Syllabic consonant|Syllabic]] |- | 432 | {{IPA|◌̯}} | <code>(</code> | <code>*</code>{{efn|name=mo-asterisk|<code>*</code> represents either non-syllabic or extra-short in Millar & Oasa's system.}} | <code>,gl</code> | <code>\nv</code> | <code>$$</code> | | | <code>(</code> | <code>_^</code> | [[Semivowel|Non-syllabic]] |- | rowspan="2" | 433 | {{IPA|◌͡◌}} | rowspan="2" | <code>))</code>{{efn|<code>))</code> representing a tie bar is placed after both segments, as in <code>ts))</code>, in Branner's system.}} | | rowspan="2" | <code>_</code> | <code>\li</code> | <code>#&</code> | | | | rowspan="2" | <code>_</code> | rowspan="2" | [[Affricate]] or [[double articulation]] |- | {{IPA|◌͜◌}} | | | <code>@&</code> | | | |- | 501 | {{IPA|ˈ}} | <code>'</code> | <code>'</code> | <code>$S5</code> | <code>\'1</code> | <code>}</code> | | <code>'</code> | <code>`</code> | <code>"</code> | [[Primary stress]] |- | 502 | {{IPA|ˌ}} | <code>,</code> | <code>`</code> | <code>$S3</code> | <code>\'2</code> | <code><nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> | | <code>,</code> | <code>'</code> | <code>%</code> | [[Secondary stress]] |- | 503 | {{IPA|ː}} | <code>:</code> | <code>&#124;</code> | <code>,:</code> | <code>\:f</code> | <code>:</code> | <code>:</code> | <code>:</code> | <code>:</code> | <code>:</code> | [[Length (phonetics)|Long]] |- | 504 | {{IPA|ˑ}} | <code>;</code> | <code>:</code> | <code>,.</code> | <code>\.f</code> | <code>::</code> | | | <code>;</code> | <code>:\</code> | [[Length (phonetics)|Half-long]] |- | 505 | {{IPA|◌̆}} | <code>(^</code> | <code>*</code>{{efn|name=mo-asterisk}} | <code>,--</code> | <code>\N^</code> | <code>***</code> | <code>S</code> | | <code>(</code> | <code>_X</code> | [[Extra-short]] |- | 506 | {{IPA|.}} | <code>.</code> | | <code>$</code> | <code>.</code> | <code>.</code> | | <code>#</code> | <code>.</code> | <code>.</code> | [[Syllable]] break |- | 507 | {{IPA|&#124;}} | <code>&#124;</code> | | | <code>&#124;</code> | <code>.<</code> | | | | <code>&#124;</code> | Minor ([[foot (prosody)|foot]]) group |- | 508 | {{IPA|‖}} | <code>&#124;&#124;</code> | | | <code>&#124;&#124;</code> | <code>.=</code> | | | | <code>&#124;&#124;</code> | Major ([[intonation (linguistics)|intonation]]) group |- | 509 | {{IPA|‿}} | <code>=)</code> | | | <code>\_u</code> | <code>#=</code> | | | | <code>-\</code> | [[Connected speech|Linking (absence of a break)]] |- | 510 | {{IPA|↗}} | <code>/</code> | | | | <code>#>></code> | | | | <code>&lt;/&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;R&gt;</code> | [[Intonation (linguistics)|Global rise]] |- | 511 | {{IPA|↘}} | <code>\</code> | | | | <code>#<<</code> | | | | <code>&lt;\&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;F&gt;</code> | [[Intonation (linguistics)|Global fall]] |- | 512 | {{IPA|◌̋}} | <code>5</code> | <code>5</code> | <code>$T5-</code> | | <code>@4</code> | | | <code>_9</code> | <code>_T</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Extra-high]] |- | 513 | {{IPA|◌́}} | <code>4</code> | <code>4</code> | <code>$T4-</code> | <code>\'^</code> | <code>@3</code> | | | <code>_7</code> | <code>_H</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|High]] |- | 514 | {{IPA|◌̄}} | <code>3</code> | <code>3</code> | <code>$T3-</code> | <code>\-^</code> | <code>@2</code> | | | <code>_5</code> | <code>_M</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Mid]] |- | 515 | {{IPA|◌̀}} | <code>2</code> | <code>2</code> | <code>$T2-</code> | <code>\`^</code> | <code>@1</code> | | | <code>_3</code> | <code>_L</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Low]] |- | 516 | {{IPA|◌̏}} | <code>1</code> | <code>1</code> | <code>$T1-</code> | | <code>@0</code> | | | <code>_1</code> | <code>_B</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Extra-low]] |- | 517 | {{IPA|ꜛ}} | <code>/)</code> | | | | <code>#<</code> | | | | <code>^</code> | [[Upstep]] |- | 518 | {{IPA|ꜜ}} | <code>\)</code> | | | | <code>#></code> | | | | <code>!</code> | [[Downstep]] |- | 519 | {{IPA|˥}} | <code>5</code> | <code>5</code> | <code>$T5-</code> | | <code>#4</code> | | | | <code>&lt;T&gt;</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Extra-high]] |- | 520 | {{IPA|˦}} | <code>4</code> | <code>4</code> | <code>$T4-</code> | | <code>#3</code> | | | | <code>&lt;H&gt;</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|High]] |- | 521 | {{IPA|˧}} | <code>3</code> | <code>3</code> | <code>$T3-</code> | | <code>#2</code> | | | | <code>&lt;M&gt;</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Mid]] |- | 522 | {{IPA|˨}} | <code>2</code> | <code>2</code> | <code>$T2-</code> | | <code>#1</code> | | | | <code>&lt;L&gt;</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Low]] |- | 523 | {{IPA|˩}} | <code>1</code> | <code>1</code> | <code>$T1-</code> | | <code>#0</code> | | | | <code>&lt;B&gt;</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Extra-low]] |- | 524 | {{IPA|◌̌}} | <code>15</code> | <code>15</code> | <code>$1/</code> | <code>\v^</code> | <code>@13</code> | | | | <code>_L_H</code>, <code>_R</code> or <code>_/</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Rising]] |- | 525 | {{IPA|◌̂}} | <code>51</code> | <code>51</code> | <code>$5\</code> | <code>\^^</code> | <code>@31</code> | | | | <code>_H_L</code>, <code>_F</code> or <code>_\</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Falling]] |- | 526 | {{IPA|◌᷄}} | <code>35</code> | <code>35</code> | <code>$3/</code> | | <code>@23</code> | | | | <code>_H_T</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|High-rising]] |- | 527 | {{IPA|◌᷅}} | <code>13</code> | <code>13</code> | <code>$3\</code> | | <code>@12</code> | | | | <code>_B_L</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Low-rising]] |- | 528 | {{IPA|◌᷈}} | <code>342</code> | <code>342</code> | <code>$T3^</code> | | <code>@131</code> | | | | <code>_M_H_L</code>, <code>_R_F</code> or <code>_/_\</code> | [[Tone (linguistics)|Rising–falling]] |} ==Coverage== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" | Scope ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Branner ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Millar & Oasa ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | PHONASCII ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Praat ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | SIL ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | UPSID ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Usenet ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Worldbet ! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | X-SAMPA |- ! scope="row" | Consonants (80) | 79 ({{percentage|79|80}}) | 69 ({{percentage|69|80}}) | 67 ({{percentage|67|80}}) | 79 ({{percentage|79|80}}) | 80 ({{percentage|80|80}}) | 75 ({{percentage|75|80}}) | 73 ({{percentage|73|80}}) | 73 ({{percentage|73|80}}) | 79 ({{percentage|79|80}}) |- ! scope="row" | Vowels (29) | 29 ({{percentage|29|29}}) | 27 ({{percentage|27|29}}) | 26 ({{percentage|26|29}}) | 29 ({{percentage|29|29}}) | 28 ({{percentage|28|29}}) | 28 ({{percentage|28|29}}) | 28 ({{percentage|28|29}}) | 26 ({{percentage|26|29}}) | 29 ({{percentage|29|29}}) |- ! scope="row" | Diacritics (35) | 34 ({{percentage|34|35}}) | 15 ({{percentage|15|35}}) | 25 ({{percentage|25|35}}) | 30 ({{percentage|30|35}}) | 34 ({{percentage|34|35}}) | 12 ({{percentage|12|35}}) | 17 ({{percentage|17|35}}) | 25 ({{percentage|25|35}}) | 26 ({{percentage|26|35}}) |- ! scope="row" | Suprasegmentals (28) | 28 ({{percentage|28|28}}) | 20 ({{percentage|20|28}}) | 21 ({{percentage|21|28}}) | 14 ({{percentage|14|28}}) | 28 ({{percentage|28|28}}) | 2 ({{percentage|2|28}}) | 4 ({{percentage|4|28}}) | 11 ({{percentage|11|28}}) | 28 ({{percentage|28|28}}) |- class="sortbottom" ! scope="row" | Total (172) | 170 ({{percentage|170|172}}) | 131 ({{percentage|131|172}}) | 139 ({{percentage|139|172}}) | 152 ({{percentage|152|172}}) | 170 ({{percentage|170|172}}) | 117 ({{percentage|117|172}}) | 122 ({{percentage|122|172}}) | 135 ({{percentage|135|172}}) | 162 ({{percentage|162|172}}) |} ==See also== * [[ARPABET]] * [[SAMPA]] ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.blahedo.org/ascii-ipa.html Representation of IPA with ASCII] {{IPA navigation}} [[Category:International Phonetic Alphabet]] [[Category:ASCII]] [[Category:Computing comparisons]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a 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