CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ml" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","ജനുവരി","ഫെബ്രുവരി","മാർച്ച്","ഏപ്രിൽ","മേയ്","ജൂൺ","ജൂലൈ","ഓഗസ്റ്റ്","സെപ്റ്റംബർ","ഒക്ടോബർ","നവംബർ","ഡിസംബർ"],"wgRequestId":"0cf8b7b0-e884-424d-83fa-ef0b090e60a5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ_ഭാഷകൾ","wgTitle":"ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ","wgCurRevisionId":3969946,"wgRevisionId":3969946,"wgArticleId":45670,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters","Pages using the JsonConfig extension","Articles with unnamed Glottolog code","ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രം - അപൂർണ്ണലേഖനങ്ങൾ","ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ", "ഇന്തോ-യൂറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ml","wgPageContentLanguage":"ml","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ_ഭാഷകൾ","wgRelevantArticleId":45670,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ml","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ml"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q19860","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles": "ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ml&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IE_countries.svg/1200px-IE_countries.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="609"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IE_countries.svg/800px-IE_countries.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="406"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IE_countries.svg/640px-IE_countries.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="325"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="തിരുത്തുക" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ (ml)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ml.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ml"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ ആറ്റം ഫീഡ്" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ_ഭാഷകൾ rootpage-ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ_ഭാഷകൾ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="സൈറ്റ്"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="പ്രധാന മെനു" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">പ്രധാന മെനു</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">പ്രധാന മെനു</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഉള്ളടക്കം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രധാനതാൾ സന്ദർശിക്കുക [z]" accesskey="z"><span>പ്രധാന താൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-content-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയയുടെ ഉള്ളടക്ക പര്യവേക്ഷണം"><span>ഉള്ളടക്കം</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സമകാലീനസംഭവങ്ങളുടെ പശ്ചാത്തലം അന്വേഷിക്കുക"><span>സമകാലികം</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയയിൽ പുതുതായി നിർമ്മിക്കപ്പെട്ട താളുകൾ"><span>പുതിയ താളുകൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ഏതെങ്കിലും ഒരു താൾ തുറക്കൂ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ഏതെങ്കിലും താൾ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> പങ്കാളിത്തം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-startarticle" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="പുതിയ ഒരു ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുവാൻ"><span>ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുക</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിയിലെ സമീപകാലമാറ്റങ്ങൾ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>സമീപകാല മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പദ്ധതി താളിനെക്കുറിച്ച്, താങ്കൾക്കെന്തൊക്കെ ചെയ്യാം, കാര്യങ്ങൾ എവിടെനിന്ന് കണ്ടെത്താം"><span>സാമൂഹികകവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&returntoquery=oldid%3D3969946" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&returntoquery=oldid%3D3969946" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&returntoquery=oldid%3D3969946" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&returntoquery=oldid%3D3969946" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eഒഴിവാക്കുക\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ml\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable width=\"100%;\" align=\"center\" style=\"background:#EAF6FD;text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\u003Cb\u003EReading Problems?\u003C/b\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:To_Read_in_Malayalam\" title=\"സഹായം:To Read in Malayalam\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EClick here\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Cstyle data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r4107485\"\u003E.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}\u003C/style\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks ombox ombox-notice\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"\u0026quot;width:90%; margin:0 auto; border: 1px solid #666; padding:10px 15px; background; background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #f7fbfc 0%,#d9edf2 40%,#EAF6FD 100%); font-size:1.1em;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Wikisource_laurier.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/50px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"46\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/75px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikisource_laurier.svg/100px-Wikisource_laurier.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"127\" data-file-height=\"116\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003Eപള്ളിക്കൂടത്തിലേക്ക് വീണ്ടും \u003Cbr /\u003E പഴയ മലയാളം പാഠപുസ്തകങ്ങൾ ഡിജിറ്റൈസ് ചെയ്യാനുള്ള വിക്കിഗ്രന്ഥശാല പദ്ധതി നടക്കുന്നു. പങ്കെടുക്കുക.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://w.wiki/BpRA\"\u003Eകൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4107485\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks ombox ombox-notice\" role=\"presentation\" style=\"\u0026quot;width:100vw; margin:8px auto; border: 1px solid #fff640; border-style: outset; box-shadow:2px 2px 4px #333; padding:10px 15px; background:#ccc; font-size:1.3em;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Notepad_icon.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Notepad_icon.svg/50px-Notepad_icon.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"50\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Notepad_icon.svg/75px-Notepad_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Notepad_icon.svg/100px-Notepad_icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"90\" data-file-height=\"90\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82_2024\" title=\"വിക്കിപീഡിയ:എന്റെ ഗ്രാമം 2024\"\u003Eഎന്റെ ഗ്രാമം 2024\u003C/a\u003E തിരുത്തൽ യജ്ഞം നടക്കുന്നു.\u003Cbr /\u003E ഗ്രാമങ്ങളെപ്പറ്റിയുള്ള ലേഖനങ്ങൾ എഴുതാനും മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്താനും \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82_2024\" title=\"വിക്കിപീഡിയ:എന്റെ ഗ്രാമം 2024\"\u003Eസന്ദർശിക്കുക\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-imageright\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82_2024\" title=\"വിക്കിപീഡിയ:എന്റെ ഗ്രാമം 2024\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Village_icon.svg/150px-Village_icon.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"114\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Village_icon.svg/225px-Village_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Village_icon.svg/300px-Village_icon.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"714\" data-file-height=\"543\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="സൈറ്റ്"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉള്ളടക്കം</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">തുടക്കം</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ഉപകുടുംബങ്ങൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഉപകുടുംബങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ഉപകുടുംബങ്ങൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഉപകുടുംബങ്ങൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-സാംസ്കാരികപ്രാധാന്യം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#സാംസ്കാരികപ്രാധാന്യം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>സാംസ്കാരികപ്രാധാന്യം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-സാംസ്കാരികപ്രാധാന്യം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-മറ്റു_ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#മറ്റു_ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>മറ്റു ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-മറ്റു_ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-അവലംബം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 194 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-194" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">194 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Индоевропатәи абызшәақәа – അബ്‌ഖാസിയൻ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Индоевропатәи абызшәақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="അബ്‌ഖാസിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale – ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indo-Europese tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogermanische_Sprachfamilie" title="Indogermanische Sprachfamilie – സ്വിസ് ജർമ്മൻ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indogermanische Sprachfamilie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="സ്വിസ് ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%8A-%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%AE%E1%8D%93%E1%8B%8A_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD_%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B0%E1%88%A0%E1%89%A5" title="ህንዳዊ-አውሮፓዊ ቋንቋዎች ቤተሠብ – അംഹാരിക്" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህንዳዊ-አውሮፓዊ ቋንቋዎች ቤተሠብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="അംഹാരിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_indoeuropeas" title="Luengas indoeuropeas – അരഗോണീസ്" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas indoeuropeas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="അരഗോണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Europisc_spr%C7%A3ch%C4%ABred" title="Indo-Europisc sprǣchīred – പഴയ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Indo-Europisc sprǣchīred" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="പഴയ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="भारोपीय भाषासमूह – ആൻഗിക" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भारोपीय भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ആൻഗിക" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات هندية أوروبية – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات هندية أوروبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لغات اندواوروبيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغات اندواوروبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="ভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয় ভাষা পৰিয়াল – ആസ്സാമീസ്" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰত-ইউৰোপীয় ভাষা পৰিয়াল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ആസ്സാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llingües indoeuropees – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües indoeuropees" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Индо-европиял мацӀал – അവാരിക്" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Индо-европиял мацӀал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="അവാരിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind-Avropa_dill%C9%99ri" title="Hind-Avropa dilləri – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hind-Avropa dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="هیند اوروپا دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیند اوروپا دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Һинд-Аурупа телдәре – ബഷ്ഖിർ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һинд-Аурупа телдәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ബഷ്ഖിർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soroh_basa_Indo-%C3%89ropa" title="Soroh basa Indo-Éropa – ബാലിനീസ്" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Soroh basa Indo-Éropa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ബാലിനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogermanische_Sprochn" title="Indogermanische Sprochn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indogermanische Sprochn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C4%97euruop%C4%97itiu_kalbas" title="Indėeuruopėitiu kalbas – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indėeuruopėitiu kalbas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_tataramon_na_Indo-Europeo" title="Mga tataramon na Indo-Europeo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mga tataramon na Indo-Europeo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Індаеўрапейскія мовы – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індаеўрапейскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8D%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Індаэўрапейскія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індаэўрапейскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rungkun_basa_Indo-%C3%88ropa" title="Rungkun basa Indo-Èropa – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rungkun basa Indo-Èropa" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Индоевропейски езици – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индоевропейски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="ইন্দো-ইউরোপীয় ভাষাসমূহ – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্দো-ইউরোপীয় ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧིན་རྡུ་དང་ཡོ་རོབ་ཀྱི་སྐད། – ടിബറ്റൻ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧིན་རྡུ་དང་ཡོ་རོབ་ཀྱི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ടിബറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_indezeuropek" title="Yezhoù indezeuropek – ബ്രെട്ടൺ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù indezeuropek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ബ്രെട്ടൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoevropski_jezici" title="Indoevropski jezici – ബോസ്നിയൻ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Indoevropski jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ബോസ്നിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües indoeuropees" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="ХӀинди-Европин меттанаш – ചെചൻ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀинди-Европин меттанаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ചെചൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%9E%E1%8F%8A%E1%8F%92_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᏔᏞᏊᏒ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – ഷെരോക്കി" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏔᏞᏊᏒ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ഷെരോക്കി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95_%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زمانە ھیندی و ئەورووپییەکان – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانە ھیندی و ئەورووپییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingui_indoauropei" title="Lingui indoauropei – കോർസിക്കൻ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingui indoauropei" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="കോർസിക്കൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nd-Avropa_tilleri" title="İnd-Avropa tilleri – ക്രിമിയൻ ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İnd-Avropa tilleri" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="ക്രിമിയൻ ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoevropsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Indoevropské jazyky – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indoevropské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%94%D1%B5%D1%80%D1%A1%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Їндоєѵрѡпьсци ѩꙁꙑци – ചർച്ച് സ്ലാവിക്" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їндоєѵрѡпьсци ѩꙁꙑци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="ചർച്ച് സ്ലാവിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Инди-европа чĕлхисем – ചുവാഷ്" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Инди-европа чĕлхисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ചുവാഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Indo-Ewropeaidd" title="Ieithoedd Indo-Ewropeaidd – വെൽഷ്" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Indo-Ewropeaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="വെൽഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeurop%C3%A6iske_sprog" title="Indoeuropæiske sprog – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indoeuropæiske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogermanische_Sprachen" title="Indogermanische Sprachen – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indogermanische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_Hind_-_Ewropa" title="Zıwanê Hind - Ewropa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Hind - Ewropa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Indoeuropske rěcy – ലോവർ സോർബിയൻ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Indoeuropske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ലോവർ സോർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारोपेली भाषा परिवार – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भारोपेली भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ινδοευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδοευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Indo-European languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinde%C5%ADropa_lingvaro" title="Hindeŭropa lingvaro – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hindeŭropa lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_indoeuropeas" title="Lenguas indoeuropeas – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas indoeuropeas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuroopa_keeled" title="Indoeuroopa keeled – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Indoeuroopa keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_induropeas" title="Lenguas induropeas – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lenguas induropeas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های هندواروپایی – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های هندواروپایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeurooppalaiset_kielet" title="Indoeurooppalaiset kielet – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Indoeurooppalaiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-evropeisk_m%C3%A1l" title="Indo-evropeisk mál – ഫാറോസ്" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Indo-evropeisk mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ഫാറോസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_indo-europ%C3%A9ennes" title="Langues indo-européennes – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues indo-européennes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoues_endo-erop%C3%A8%C3%A8nes" title="Lengoues endo-eropèènes – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lengoues endo-eropèènes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogermaans_spriaken" title="Indogermaans spriaken – നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Indogermaans spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_indoeuropean" title="Lenghe indoeuropean – ഫ്രിയുലിയാൻ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe indoeuropean" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രിയുലിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yndo-Jeropeeske_talen" title="Yndo-Jeropeeske talen – പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yndo-Jeropeeske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_teangacha_Ind-Eorpacha" title="Na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na teangacha Ind-Eorpacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="印歐語系 – ഗാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="印歐語系" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ഗാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanng_endo-%C3%A9rop%C3%A9enn" title="Lanng endo-éropéenn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanng endo-éropéenn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0nanan_Innd-E%C3%B2rpach" title="Cànanan Innd-Eòrpach – സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cànanan Innd-Eòrpach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്ടിഷ് ഗൈലിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_indoeuropeas" title="Linguas indoeuropeas – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas indoeuropeas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8A%D8%A7%DB%8A%D8%B1%DB%8A%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هيندۊاۊرۊپايي زوانان – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هيندۊاۊرۊپايي زوانان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeur%C3%B3pa_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BDngu%C3%A9ra" title="Indoeurópa ñe'ẽnguéra – ഗ്വരനി" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Indoeurópa ñe'ẽnguéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ഗ്വരനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1" title="इंडो-युरोपियन भाशा पंगड – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="इंडो-युरोपियन भाशा पंगड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF-%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%B9" title="ભારતીય-યુરોપીય ભાષાસમૂહ – ഗുജറാത്തി" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય-યુરોપીય ભાષાસમૂહ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ഗുജറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengaghyn_Ind-Oarpagh" title="Çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh – മാൻസ്" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="മാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin-%C3%8Au_Ng%C3%AE-ne" title="Yin-Êu Ngî-ne – ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yin-Êu Ngî-ne" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות הודו-אירופיות – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות הודו-אירופיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा-परिवार – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा-परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_bhasa" title="Indo-European bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Indo-European bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropski_jezici" title="Indoeuropski jezici – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indoeuropski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Indoeuropske rěče – അപ്പർ സോർബിയൻ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Indoeuropske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="അപ്പർ സോർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_endo-ewopeyen" title="Lang endo-ewopeyen – ഹെയ്‌തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang endo-ewopeyen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ഹെയ്‌തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeur%C3%B3pai_nyelvcsal%C3%A1d" title="Indoeurópai nyelvcsalád – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indoeurópai nyelvcsalád" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հնդեվրոպական լեզուներ – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդեվրոպական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հնդեւրոպական Լեզուներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հնդեւրոպական Լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_indoeuropee" title="Linguas indoeuropee – ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linguas indoeuropee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku-jaku_Indo-Eropah" title="Jaku-jaku Indo-Eropah – ഇബാൻ" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku-jaku Indo-Eropah" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ഇബാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Europan_lingues" title="Indo-Europan lingues – ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വേ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Indo-Europan lingues" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വേ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasao_nga_Indo-Europeano" title="Sasao nga Indo-Europeano – ഇലോകോ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sasao nga Indo-Europeano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ഇലോകോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="ХӀинде-европай метташ – ഇങ്കുഷ്" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀинде-европай метташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ഇങ്കുഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Europana_linguaro" title="Indo-Europana linguaro – ഇഡോ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Indo-Europana linguaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ഇഡോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%B3evr%C3%B3psk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Indóevrópsk tungumál – ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indóevrópsk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_indoeuropee" title="Lingue indoeuropee – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue indoeuropee" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="インド・ヨーロッパ語族 – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド・ヨーロッパ語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Yuropiyan_languij" title="Indo-Yuropiyan languij – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Indo-Yuropiyan languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xindo_ropno_bangu" title="xindo ropno bangu – ലോജ്ബാൻ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xindo ropno bangu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ലോജ്ബാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulawarga_basa_Indo-%C3%89ropa" title="Kulawarga basa Indo-Éropa – ജാവനീസ്" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kulawarga basa Indo-Éropa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ജാവനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ინდოევროპული ენები – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოევროპული ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind-evropa_tilleri" title="Hind-evropa tilleri – കര-കാൽപ്പക്" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hind-evropa tilleri" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="കര-കാൽപ്പക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_Tihindurupiyin" title="Tutlayin Tihindurupiyin – കബൈൽ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayin Tihindurupiyin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="കബൈൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_Bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rumpun Bahasa Indo-Eropa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96-%D0%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Үнді-Еуропа тілдері – കസാഖ്" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үнді-Еуропа тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="കസാഖ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B-%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಇಂಡೋ-ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು – കന്നഡ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಡೋ-ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="കന്നഡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="인도유럽어족 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도유럽어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indojermanesche_Sprooche" title="Indojermanesche Sprooche – കൊളോണിയൻ" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Indojermanesche Sprooche" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="കൊളോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_hind_%C3%BB_ewrop%C3%AE" title="Zimanên hind û ewropî – കുർദ്ദിഷ്" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên hind û ewropî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="കുർദ്ദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethow_Eyndo-Europek" title="Yethow Eyndo-Europek – കോർണിഷ്" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethow Eyndo-Europek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="കോർണിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Инди-европа тилдери – കിർഗിസ്" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Инди-европа тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="കിർഗിസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Indoeuropaeae" title="Linguae Indoeuropaeae – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Indoeuropaeae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_indoevropeas" title="Linguas indoevropeas – ലഡീനോ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Linguas indoevropeas" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ലഡീനോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeurop%C3%A4esch_Sproochen" title="Indoeuropäesch Sproochen – ലക്‌സംബർഗിഷ്" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Indoeuropäesch Sproochen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ലക്‌സംബർഗിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_indoeuropean" title="Linguas indoeuropean – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas indoeuropean" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogermaanse_taole" title="Indogermaanse taole – ലിംബർഗിഷ്" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Indogermaanse taole" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ലിംബർഗിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoe_indoeuropee" title="Lengoe indoeuropee – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengoe indoeuropee" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingac_indoeuropeics" title="Lingac indoeuropeics – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingac indoeuropeics" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengue_indoeuropee" title="Lengue indoeuropee – ലൊംബാർഡ്" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengue indoeuropee" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ലൊംബാർഡ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Indoeuropiečių kalbos – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indoeuropiečių kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeiropie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Indoeiropiešu valodas – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indoeiropiešu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारोपेली भाषा परिवार – മൈഥിലി" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारोपेली भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="മൈഥിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_ind%C3%B4-eor%C3%B4peanina" title="Fiteny indô-eorôpeanina – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny indô-eorôpeanina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Индоевропысо йылме-влак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Индоевропысо йылме-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_%C4%AAnia-%C5%AAropi" title="Reo Īnia-Ūropi – മവോറി" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Īnia-Ūropi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="മവോറി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Индоевропски јазици – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индоевропски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B3-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Энэтхэг-Европын хэлний язгуур – മംഗോളിയൻ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Энэтхэг-Европын хэлний язгуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="മംഗോളിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="इंडो-युरोपीय भाषासमूह – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंडो-युरोपीय भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Indo-Eropah" title="Bahasa-bahasa Indo-Eropah – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Indo-Eropah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoewropew" title="Indoewropew – മാൾട്ടീസ്" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Indoewropew" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="മാൾട്ടീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF-%E1%80%A5%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အင်ဒို-ဥရောပနွယ် ဘာသာစကားများ – ബർമീസ്" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်ဒို-ဥရောပနွယ် ဘာသာစကားများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ബർമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="آریایی زوونون – മസന്ററാനി" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آریایی زوونون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="മസന്ററാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengue_innoeuropee" title="Lengue innoeuropee – നെപ്പോളിറ്റാൻ" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengue innoeuropee" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="നെപ്പോളിറ്റാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeurop%C3%A4%C3%A4sche_Spraken" title="Indoeuropääsche Spraken – ലോ ജർമൻ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Indoeuropääsche Spraken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ലോ ജർമൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Uropese_taolen" title="Indo-Uropese taolen – ലോ സാക്സൺ" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Indo-Uropese taolen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ലോ സാക്സൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारोपेली भाषा परिवार – നേപ്പാളി" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारोपेली भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="നേപ്പാളി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF" title="भारोपेली भाय् माचाछि – നേവാരി" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भारोपेली भाय् माचाछि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="നേവാരി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Europese_talen" title="Indo-Europese talen – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indo-Europese talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Indoeuropeiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indoeuropeiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeurop%C3%A8u" title="Indoeuropèu – ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indoeuropèu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Индоевропæйаг æвзæгтæ – ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Индоевропæйаг æвзæгтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6-%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਹਿੰਦ-ਯੂਰਪੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ – പഞ്ചാബി" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿੰਦ-ਯੂਰਪੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="പഞ്ചാബി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_indo-oropeo" title="Idioma indo-oropeo – പാപിയാമെന്റൊ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Idioma indo-oropeo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="പാപിയാമെന്റൊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_indo-urop%C3%A9y%C3%A8nes" title="Langues indo-uropéyènes – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Langues indo-uropéyènes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Yuropee%27enisch" title="Indo-Yuropee'enisch – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Indo-Yuropee'enisch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_indoeuropejskie" title="Języki indoeuropejskie – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki indoeuropejskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_indoeuropenghe" title="Lenghe indoeuropenghe – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe indoeuropenghe" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ہند یورپی بولیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہند یورپی بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="اندو-اروپايي ژبې – പഷ്‌തോ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اندو-اروپايي ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="പഷ്‌തോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_indo-europeias" title="Línguas indo-europeias – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas indo-europeias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inru-iwrupiyu_simikuna" title="Inru-iwrupiyu simikuna – ക്വെച്ചുവ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inru-iwrupiyu simikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ക്വെച്ചുവ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Europikane_chhiba" title="Indo-Europikane chhiba – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Indo-Europikane chhiba" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi indo-europene" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbe_indoeuropeane" title="Limbe indoeuropeane – ആരോമാനിയൻ" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limbe indoeuropeane" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ആരോമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Индоевропейские языки – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индоевропейские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Индоевропскы языкы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Индоевропскы языкы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="हिन्द-यूरोपीयभाषाः – സംസ്‌കൃതം" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हिन्द-यूरोपीयभाषाः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="സംസ്‌കൃതം" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%B3-%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ – സന്താലി" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="സന്താലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbas_indo-europeas" title="Limbas indo-europeas – സർഡിനിയാൻ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbas indo-europeas" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="സർഡിനിയാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingui_innu-europei" title="Lingui innu-europei – സിസിലിയൻ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingui innu-europei" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="സിസിലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_leids" title="Indo-European leids – സ്കോട്സ്" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Indo-European leids" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%94%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="هند۔يورپي ٻوليون – സിന്ധി" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هند۔يورپي ٻوليون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="സിന്ധി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeurohp%C3%A1la%C5%A1_gielat" title="Indoeurohpálaš gielat – വടക്കൻ സമി" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Indoeurohpálaš gielat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="വടക്കൻ സമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoevropski_jezici" title="Indoevropski jezici – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indoevropski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94-%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD" title="ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා පවුල – സിംഹള" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා පවුල" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="സിംഹള" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indo-European languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeur%C3%B3pske_jazyky" title="Indoeurópske jazyky – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Indoeurópske jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D9%88-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="انڈو-یورپی ٻولیاں – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="انڈو-یورپی ٻولیاں" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoevropski_jeziki" title="Indoevropski jeziki – സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indoevropski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitauro_ye_Chiindo-Yuropu" title="Mitauro ye Chiindo-Yuropu – ഷോണ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitauro ye Chiindo-Yuropu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ഷോണ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luqada_Hindo_Yurub" title="Luqada Hindo Yurub – സോമാലി" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Luqada Hindo Yurub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="സോമാലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_indo-evropiane" title="Gjuhët indo-evropiane – അൽബേനിയൻ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët indo-evropiane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="അൽബേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Индоевропски језици – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индоевропски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogermaniske_Sproaken" title="Indogermaniske Sproaken – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Indogermaniske Sproaken" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropeiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiska språk – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indoeuropeiska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kihindi-Kiulaya" title="Lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya – സ്വാഹിലി" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="സ്വാഹിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்திய-ஐரோப்பிய மொழிகள் – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்திய-ஐரோப்பிய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B-%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81" title="ಇಂಡೋ-ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಬಾಸೆಲು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಂಡೋ-ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಬಾಸೆಲು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B-%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఇండో-యూరోపియన్ భాషలు – തെലുങ്ക്" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇండో-యూరోపియన్ భాషలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="തെലുങ്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D3%A3" title="Забонҳои ҳиндуаврупоӣ – താജിക്" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забонҳои ҳиндуаврупоӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="താജിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94-%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ตระกูลภาษาอินโด-ยูโรเปียน – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตระกูลภาษาอินโด-ยูโรเปียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_wikang_Indo-Europeo" title="Mga wikang Indo-Europeo – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga wikang Indo-Europeo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind-Avrop%C9%99_zyvonon" title="Hind-Avropə zyvonon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hind-Avropə zyvonon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Yuropien_famili_bilong_tokples" title="Indo-Yuropien famili bilong tokples – ടോക് പിസിൻ" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Indo-Yuropien famili bilong tokples" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ടോക് പിസിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hint-Avrupa_dil_ailesi" title="Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Һинд-аурупа телләре – ടാട്ടർ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һинд-аурупа телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ടാട്ടർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84_%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ھىندى-ياۋروپا تىل سېستىمىسى – ഉയ്ഘുർ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىندى-ياۋروپا تىل سېستىمىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ഉയ്ഘുർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Індоєвропейські мови – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індоєвропейські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="ہند یورپی زبانیں – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہند یورپی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind-yevropa_tillari" title="Hind-yevropa tillari – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hind-yevropa tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ngue_indoeoropee" title="Léngue indoeoropee – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Léngue indoeoropee" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoevropi%C5%BEed_keled" title="Indoevropižed keled – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Indoevropižed keled" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u" title="Ngữ hệ Ấn-Âu – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ Ấn-Âu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Europees" title="Indo-Europees – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Indo-Europees" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinaknan_Indo-Europeo" title="Yinaknan Indo-Europeo – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yinaknan Indo-Europeo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印欧语系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ინდოევროპული ნინეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოევროპული ნინეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%A8d%C3%A8_%C3%8Dnd%C3%AD%C3%A0-Europe" title="Àwọn èdè Índíà-Europe – യൊറൂബാ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn èdè Índíà-Europe" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="യൊറൂബാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Europese_taelen" title="Indo-Europese taelen – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Indo-Europese taelen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印欧语系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="印歐語系 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="印歐語系" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-Au_g%C3%AD-h%C4%93" title="Ìn-Au gí-hē – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-Au gí-hē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="印歐語系 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印歐語系" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19860#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വിവരദായക താൾ കാണുക [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ലേഖനം</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="വിവരദായക താളിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചർച്ച (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഭാഷയുടെ ചരം മാറ്റുക" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">മലയാളം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ദർശനീയത"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=history" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ പഴയ പതിപ്പുകൾ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=history"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> സാർവത്രികം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഈ താളിലേക്കു കണ്ണിയാൽ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാ വിക്കി താളുകളുടേയും പട്ടിക. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ഈ താളിലേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" rel="nofollow" title="താളുകളിലെ പുതിയ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>അനുബന്ധ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അപ്‌ലോഡ്" title="പ്രമാണങ്ങൾ അപ്‌ലോഡ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകതാളുകളുടെ പട്ടിക [q]" accesskey="q"><span>പ്രത്യേക താളുകൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&oldid=3969946" title="താളിന്റെ ഈ പതിപ്പിന്റെ സ്ഥിരം കണ്ണി"><span>സ്ഥിരംകണ്ണി</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=info" title="ഈ താളിനെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾ"><span>താളിന്റെ വിവരങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82&page=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&id=3969946&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ഈ താളിനെ എങ്ങനെ അവലംബിതമാക്കാം എന്ന വിവരങ്ങൾ"><span>ഈ താൾ ഉദ്ധരിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fml.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258B-%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%25BB_%25E0%25B4%25AD%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%25BE%26oldid%3D3969946"><span>ചെറുതാക്കിയ യൂ.ആർ.എൽ. ലഭ്യമാക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fml.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258B-%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%25BB_%25E0%25B4%25AD%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%25BE%26oldid%3D3969946"><span>ക്യൂആർ കോഡ് ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> അച്ചടിയ്ക്കുക/കയറ്റുമതി ചെയ്യുക </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE"><span>പുസ്തകം സൃഷ്ടിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ആയി ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&printable=yes" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ അച്ചടി രൂപം [p]" accesskey="p"><span>അച്ചടിരൂപം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഇതരപദ്ധതികളിൽ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Indo-European_languages" hreflang="en"><span>വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസ്</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19860" title="ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഡേറ്റാ ശേഖര ഇനത്തിലേയ്ക്കുള്ള കണ്ണി [g]" accesskey="g"><span>വിക്കിഡേറ്റ ഇനം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info">13:42, 16 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2023-നു ഉണ്ടായിരുന്ന രൂപം സൃഷ്ടിച്ചത്:- <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D:Logosx127" class="mw-userlink" title="ഉപയോക്താവ്:Logosx127" data-mw-revid="3969946"><bdi>Logosx127</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:Logosx127" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="ഉപയോക്താവിന്റെ സംവാദം:Logosx127">സംവാദം</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/Logosx127" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="പ്രത്യേകം:സംഭാവനകൾ/Logosx127">സംഭാവനകൾ</a>)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&diff=prev&oldid=3969946" title="ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ">മാറ്റം</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&direction=prev&oldid=3969946" title="ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ">←പഴയ രൂപം</a> | ഇപ്പോഴുള്ള രൂപം (മാറ്റം) | പുതിയ രൂപം→ (മാറ്റം)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"> <div id="purl" class="NavFrame collapsed" style="float: right; font-size: 85%; position: absolute; top: -4em; right: 0; width: auto; background: #eae9e9;"> <div class="NavHead" style="padding: 1px 8px;"><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Prettyurl#ഉപയോഗക്രമം" title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3859926">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4146526">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #c9ffd9;">ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ഭൗമശാസ്ത്രപരമായ<br />സാന്നിധ്യം</th><td class="infobox-data">ലോകം മുഴുവൻ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="ഭാഷാഗോത്രങ്ങൾ">ഭാഷാ കുടുംബങ്ങൾ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ലോകത്തെ പ്രാഥമിക <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഭാഷാ ഗോത്രം (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഭാഷാ ഗോത്രങ്ങളിൽ</a> ഒന്ന്</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">പ്രോട്ടോ-ഭാഷ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8A-%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="പ്രോട്ടൊ-ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">പ്രോട്ടൊ-ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ</a></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">വകഭേദങ്ങൾ</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="അൽബേനിയൻ ഭാഷ">അൽബേനിയൻ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="അനത്തോലിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അനത്തോലിയൻ</a> (നശിച്ചു)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="അർമീനിയൻ ഭാഷ">അർമീനിയൻ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8A-%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ബാൽതൊ-സ്ലാവിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ബാൽതൊ-സ്ലാവിക്</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ബാൽതിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ബാൽതിക്</a> മറ്റും <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="സ്ലാവിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">സ്ലാവിക്</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="കെൽറ്റിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കെൽറ്റിക്</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ജെർമാനിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ജെർമാനിക്</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഹെലെനിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹെലെനിക്</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ഇന്തോ ഇറാനിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ">ഇന്തോ-ഇറാനിയൻ</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇറാനിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ">ഇറാനിയൻ</a> മറ്റും <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇന്തോ-ആര്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ">ഇന്തോ-ആര്യൻ</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഇറ്റാലിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഇറ്റാലിക്</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="റോമാൻസ് ഭാഷകൾ">റോമാൻസ്</a> ഉൾപ്പെടെ)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ദാക്കോ-ത്രേഷ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ദാക്കോ-ത്രേഷ്യൻ</a> (നശിച്ചു)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="തൊഖാറിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">തൊഖാറിയൻ</a> (നശിച്ചു)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-2 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ISO 639-2</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-5 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">5</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ine" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ine">ine</a></samp></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottolog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottolog (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/indo1319">indo1319</a></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:IE_countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IE_countries.svg/300px-IE_countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IE_countries.svg/450px-IE_countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IE_countries.svg/600px-IE_countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3615458">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> Countries with a majority of speakers of IE languages</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3615458"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lime; color:black;"> </span> Countries with an IE minority language with official status</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="യൂറോപ്പ്">യൂറോപ്പ്</a>, ഉത്തര <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82" title="ഇന്ത്യൻ ഉപഭൂഖണ്ഡം">ഇന്ത്യൻ ഉപഭൂഖണ്ഡം</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A0%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇറാനിയൻ പീഠഭൂമി">ഇറാനിയൻ പീഠഭൂമി</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="മദ്ധ്യേഷ്യ">മദ്ധ്യേഷ്യ</a> എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലെ നൂറുകണക്കിന്‌ പരസ്പരബന്ധമുള്ള <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഭാഷ">ഭാഷകളുടെ</a> കുടുംബത്തെയാണ്‌ <b>ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ</b> എന്നു പറയുന്നത്. ലോകത്ത് ഏറ്റവുമധികം ആളുകൾ സംസാരിക്കുന്ന ഭാഷകളുടെ കുടുംബമാണിത്. ഏകദേശം മുന്നൂറു കോടിയോളം ജനങ്ങൾ ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ സംസാരിക്കുന്നു. </p><p>ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഭാഷകളായ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സംസ്കൃതം">സംസ്കൃതം</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="അസ്സമീസ്">അസ്സമീസ്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="ഗുജറാത്തി">ഗുജറാത്തി</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹിന്ദി">ഹിന്ദി</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കശ്മീരി ഭാഷ">കശ്മീരി</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="സിന്ധി">സിന്ധി</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A0%E0%B4%BF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="മറാഠി">മറാഠി</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="പഞ്ചാബി">പഞ്ചാബി</a>, ഇറാനിലെ പേർഷ്യൻ , യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകളായ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ഫ്രഞ്ച്">ഫ്രഞ്ച്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="ജർമൻ ഭാഷ">ജർമ്മൻ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ഗ്രീക്ക്">ഗ്രീക്ക്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ ഭാഷ">ഇറ്റാലിയൻ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="സ്പാനിഷ്‌ ഭാഷ">സ്പാനിഷ്</a> തുടങ്ങിയവ ഈ കുടുംബത്തിൽപ്പെടുന്ന ഭാഷകളാണ്<sup id="cite_ref-ncert10_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncert10-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>‌. </p><p>ഇന്തോ യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകളുടെ ഏറ്റവും പുരാതനമായ ഉപയോഗം ബി.സി.ഇ. രണ്ടാം സഹസ്രാബ്ദത്തിന്റെ മദ്ധ്യത്തോടെയാണ്‌ ദർശിക്കാനാകുന്നത്. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="അനറ്റോളിയ">അനറ്റോളിയയിലെ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഹിറ്റൈറ്റ് ഭാഷ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹിറ്റൈറ്റ് ഭാഷയിലുള്ള</a> പുരാതനരേഖകൾ (cuneiform records), ഗ്രീക്കിലുള്ള മൈസനിയൻ (mycenaeans) ലിഖിതങ്ങൾ (ലീനിയർ ബി ലിപിയിലുള്ളത്), <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സംസ്കൃതം">സംസ്കൃതത്തിലെ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="വേദങ്ങൾ">വേദങ്ങൾ</a> എന്നിവയാണവ.<sup id="cite_ref-afghans4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afghans4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഉപകുടുംബങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.89.E0.B4.AA.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.9F.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>ഉപകുടുംബങ്ങൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഉപകുടുംബങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ഇന്തോ യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകളെ വീണ്ടും വിവിധ ഉപകുടുംബങ്ങളായി തരംതിരിക്കാറുണ്ട്. അവ താഴെപ്പറയുന്നു<sup id="cite_ref-afghans4_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afghans4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>‌ . </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ഇന്തോ ഇറാനിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ">ഇന്തോ ഇറാനിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="സംസ്കൃതം">സംസ്കൃതം</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹിന്ദി">ഹിന്ദി</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഫാർസി (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഫാർസി</a> തുടങ്ങിയവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="അർമീനിയൻ ഭാഷ">അർമീനിയൻ ഭാഷ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="അനത്തോലിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അനത്തോലിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഹിറ്റൈറ്റ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹിറ്റൈറ്റ്</a> ഇതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഹെല്ലെനിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹെല്ലെനിക് ഭാഷകൾ</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ഗ്രീക്ക്">ഗ്രീക്ക്</a> ഇതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഇറ്റാലിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഇറ്റാലിക് ഭാഷകൾ</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ലത്തീൻ">ലത്തീൻ</a> ഇതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ജെർമാനിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ജെർമാനിക് ഭാഷകൾ</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ">ജർമ്മൻ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ഡച്ച്">ഡച്ച്</a> തുടങ്ങിയവ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ബാൾട്ടോ സ്ലവോനിക് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ബാൾട്ടോ സ്ലവോനിക്</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="റഷ്യൻ">റഷ്യൻ</a> ഇതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഇല്ലിറിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഇല്ലിറിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="അൽബേനിയൻ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അൽബേനിയൻ</a> ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="തൊഖാറിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">തൊഖാറിയൻ ഭാഷകൾ</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="തൊഖാറിയൻ ഏ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">തൊഖാറിയൻ ഏ</a> ഇതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നു.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="സാംസ്കാരികപ്രാധാന്യം"><span id=".E0.B4.B8.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.B8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A7.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AF.E0.B4.82"></span>സാംസ്കാരികപ്രാധാന്യം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: സാംസ്കാരികപ്രാധാന്യം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ഇന്തോ യുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകളിലുള്ള ചില പൊതുവായ വാക്കുകൾ ആദിമ ഇന്തോയുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷക്കാരുടെ സംസ്കാരത്തിലേക്കും വെളിച്ചം വീശുന്നതാണ്‌. ഈ വാക്കുകളിൽ നിന്ന് ഈ ജനങ്ങൾ കൃഷി ചെയ്തിരുന്നെന്നും, കുതിരയടക്കമുള്ള മൃഗങ്ങളെ ഇണക്കി വളർത്തിയിരുന്നെന്നും, മൺപാത്രങ്ങൾ നിർമ്മിച്ചിരുന്നെന്നും, വസ്ത്രങ്ങളും മറ്റു തുണികളും നെയ്തിരുന്നെന്നും, ചക്രങ്ങളുള്ള വാഹനങ്ങൾ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്നെന്നും മനസ്സിലാക്കാൻ സാധിക്കും. ഇതിലൂടെ തന്നെ ആദിമ ഇന്തോയുറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷികൾ ബി.സി.ഇ. ആറാം സഹസ്രാബ്ദം വരെയെങ്കിലും ഏറെക്കുറേ ഒരേ പ്രദേശത്താണ്‌ വസിച്ചിരുന്നതെന്നും കണക്കാക്കപ്പെടുന്നു<sup id="cite_ref-afghans4_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afghans4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="മറ്റു_ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AE.E0.B4.B1.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B1.E0.B5.81_.E0.B4.AD.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B7.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.9F.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>മറ്റു ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: മറ്റു ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ദ്രാവിഡഭാഷകൾ">ദ്രാവിഡഭാഷകൾ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ടിബറ്റോ-ബർമ്മൻ ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ടിബറ്റോ-ബർമ്മൻ ഭാഷകൾ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഓസ്ട്രോ-ഏഷ്യാറ്റിക് ഭാഷകൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഓസ്ട്രോ-ഏഷ്യാറ്റിക് ഭാഷകൾ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ncert10-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ncert10_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">"CHAPTER 5 - WHAT BOOKS AND BURIALS TELL US". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncert.nic.in/textbooks/testing/Index.htm"><i>Social Science - Class VI - Our Pasts-I</i></a>. New Delhi: NCERT. 2007. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CHAPTER+5+-+WHAT+BOOKS+AND+BURIALS+TELL+US&rft.btitle=Social+Science+-+Class+VI+-+Our+Pasts-I&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=NCERT&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncert.nic.in%2Ftextbooks%2Ftesting%2FIndex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|coauthors=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afghans4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-afghans4_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-afghans4_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-afghans4_2-2">2.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFVoglesang2002" class="citation book cs1">Voglesang, Willem (2002). "4 - Advent of the Indo Iranian Speaking Peoples". <i>The Afghans</i>. LONDON: Willey-Blackwell, John Willey & SOns, Ltd, UK. pp. 54–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-1-4051-8243-0" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-1-4051-8243-0"><bdi>978-1-4051-8243-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+-+Advent+of+the+Indo+Iranian+Speaking+Peoples&rft.btitle=The+Afghans&rft.place=LONDON&rft.pages=54-55&rft.pub=Willey-Blackwell%2C+John+Willey+%26+SOns%2C+Ltd%2C+UK.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8243-0&rft.aulast=Voglesang&rft.aufirst=Willem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|coauthors=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="boilerplate metadata" style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px;" id="stub"> <table cellspacing="2" cellpadding="3" style="width:80%;border:solid #999 1px;background:#F8F8F8;margin:1px auto;clear:both"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:10%;text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:EtruscanA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanA-01.svg/40px-EtruscanA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanA-01.svg/60px-EtruscanA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EtruscanA-01.svg/80px-EtruscanA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </td> <td style="color:black"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രം">ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രവുമായി</a> ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ഈ ലേഖനം അപൂർണ്ണമാണ്‌. ഇതു വികസിപ്പിക്കുവാൻ <a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&action=edit">സഹായിക്കുക</a>.</i>  <i></i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ_ഭാഷകൾ&oldid=3969946">https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ഇന്തോ-യുറോപ്യൻ_ഭാഷകൾ&oldid=3969946</a>" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകം:വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ">വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Articles_with_unnamed_Glottolog_code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Articles with unnamed Glottolog code (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Articles with unnamed Glottolog code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82_-_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വർഗ്ഗം:ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രം - അപൂർണ്ണലേഖനങ്ങൾ">ഭാഷാശാസ്ത്രം - അപൂർണ്ണലേഖനങ്ങൾ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വർഗ്ഗം:ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ">ഭാഷാകുടുംബങ്ങൾ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വർഗ്ഗം:ഇന്തോ-യൂറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ">ഇന്തോ-യൂറോപ്യൻ ഭാഷകൾ</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">മറഞ്ഞിരിക്കുന്ന വർഗ്ഗം: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors:_empty_unknown_parameters" title="വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters">CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ഈ താൾ അവസാനം തിരുത്തപ്പെട്ടത്: 13:42, 16 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">വിവരങ്ങൾ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ക്രിയേറ്റീവ് കോമൺസ് ആട്രിബ്യൂഷൻ-ഷെയർഎലൈക്ക് അനുമതിപത്ര</a> പ്രകാരം ലഭ്യമാണ്; മേൽ നിബന്ധനകൾ ഉണ്ടായേക്കാം. കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങൾക്ക് <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/ml">ഉപയോഗനിബന്ധനകൾ</a> കാണുക.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">സ്വകാര്യതാനയം</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82">വിക്കിപീഡിയ സം‌രംഭത്തെക്കുറിച്ച്</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82">നിരാകരണങ്ങൾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">പെരുമാറ്റച്ചട്ടം</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ഡെവലപ്പർമാർ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ml.wikipedia.org">സ്ഥിതിവിവരക്കണക്കുകൾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">കുക്കി പ്രസ്താവന</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ml.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE&oldid=3969946&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">മൊബൈൽ ദൃശ്യരൂപം</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-55db797859-lmt8h","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.195","walltime":"0.313","ppvisitednodes":{"value":982,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":22856,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4746,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":9625,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 202.936 1 -total"," 50.57% 102.615 1 ഫലകം:Infobox_language_family"," 45.80% 92.949 1 ഫലകം:Infobox"," 40.42% 82.035 2 ഫലകം:Cite_book"," 11.84% 24.033 1 ഫലകം:Endangered_Languages_Project"," 8.08% 16.389 2 ഫലകം:Legend"," 4.04% 8.192 2 ഫലകം:Greater_color_contrast_ratio"," 2.83% 5.735 1 ഫലകം:Prettyurl"," 2.68% 5.444 1 ഫലകം:Main_other"," 1.92% 3.887 1 ഫലകം:Ling-stub"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.101","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2860648,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-c8d867bcc-g8bqp","timestamp":"20241217044024","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0d07\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4b-\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d31\u0d4b\u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d37\u0d15\u0d7e","url":"https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19860","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19860","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0d35\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d3f\u0d2e\u0d40\u0d21\u0d3f\u0d2f \u0d2a\u0d26\u0d4d\u0d27\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d33\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d38\u0d02\u0d2d\u0d3e\u0d35\u0d28 \u0d1a\u0d46\u0d2f\u0d4d\u0d2f\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d35\u0d7c"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-07-25T17:43:01Z","dateModified":"2023-09-16T13:42:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fb\/IE_countries.svg"}</script> </body> </html>