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mine</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sub-surface mine"> <meta name="keywords" content="sub-surface mine"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sub-surface mine"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 524</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sub-surface mine</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">524</span> Determines the Continuity of Void in Underground Mine Tunnel Using Ground Penetrating Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Adisaputra%20Gumilang">Farid Adisaputra Gumilang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kucing Liar Underground Mine is a future mine of PT Freeport Indonesia PTFI that is currently being developed. In the development process, problems were found when blasting the tunnels; there were overbreak, and void occur caused by geological contact or poor rock conditions. Geotechnical engineers must evaluate not only the remnant capacity of ground support systems but also investigate the depth of rock mass yield within pillars. To prevent the potential hazard caused by void zones, geotechnical engineers must ensure the planned drift is mined in the best location where people can work safely. GPR, or Ground penetrating radar, is a geophysical method that can image the subsurface. This non-destructive method uses electromagnetic radiation and detects the reflected signals from subsurface structures. The GPR survey measurements are conducted 48 meters along the drift that has a poor ground condition with 150MHz antenna with several angles (roof, wall, and floor). Concern grounds are determined by the continuity of reflector/low reflector in the radargram section. Concern grounds are determined by the continuity of reflector/low reflector in the radargram section. In this paper, processing data using instantaneous amplitude to identify the void zone. In order to have a good interpretation and result, it combines with the geological information and borehole camera data, so the calibrated GPR data allows the geotechnical engineer to determine the safe location to change the drift location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20mine" title="underground mine">underground mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20penetrating%20radar" title=" ground penetrating radar"> ground penetrating radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectivity" title=" reflectivity"> reflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borehole%20camera" title=" borehole camera"> borehole camera</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166036/determines-the-continuity-of-void-in-underground-mine-tunnel-using-ground-penetrating-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">523</span> PM10 Concentration Emitted from Blasting and Crushing Processes of Limestone Mines in Saraburi Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanokrat%20Makkwao">Kanokrat Makkwao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tassanee%20Prueksasit"> Tassanee Prueksasit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to investigate PM<sub>10 </sub>emitted from different limestone mines in Saraburi province, Thailand. The blasting and crushing were the main processes selected for PM<sub>10</sub> sampling. PM<sub>10 </sub>was collected in two mines including, a limestone mine for cement manufacturing (mine A) and a limestone mine for construction (mine B). The IMPACT samplers were used to collect PM<sub>10</sub>. At blasting, the points aligning with the upwind and downwind direction were assigned for the sampling. The ranges of PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations at mine A and B were 0.267-5.592 and 0.130-0.325 mg/m³, respectively, and the concentration at blasting from mine A was significantly higher than mine B (p < 0.05). During crushing at mine A, the PM<sub>10</sub> concentration with the range of 1.153-3.716 and 0.085-1.724 mg/m³ at crusher and piles in respectively were observed whereas the PM<sub>10</sub> concentration measured at four sampling points in mine B, including secondary crusher, tertiary crusher, screening point, and piles, were ranged 1.032-16.529, 10.957-74.057, 0.655-4.956, and 0.169-1.699 mg/m³, respectively. The emission of PM<sub>10</sub> concentration at the crushing units was different in the ranges depending on types of machine, its operation, dust collection and control system, and environmental conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM%E2%82%81%E2%82%80%20concentration" title="PM₁₀ concentration">PM₁₀ concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limestone%20mines" title=" limestone mines"> limestone mines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blasting" title=" blasting"> blasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushing" title=" crushing"> crushing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133194/pm10-concentration-emitted-from-blasting-and-crushing-processes-of-limestone-mines-in-saraburi-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">522</span> Rewashing for Gold: Optimizing Mine Plan for Effective Closure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20D.%20Eniowo">O. D. Eniowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> “Rewashing” as it is commonly called, involves the process of scooping out and washing chunks of mud from a closed alluvial gold mine site with the purpose of extracting any leftover gold deposits in the site. It is usually carried out by illegal miners who infiltrate closed mine sites with the goal of scavenging for any leftover gold deposits. Expectedly, the practice gives little or no regard for environmental protection. This paper examines the process of “rewashing” in a mining community in Nigeria. It then discusses the looming danger it portends for health, safety, and the environment. The study draws lessons from these occurrences to examine and discuss fit-for-purpose mine closure plans that could be adopted by gold mines in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20planning" title="mine planning">mine planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20closure" title=" mine closure"> mine closure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20mining" title=" illegal mining"> illegal mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artisanal%20mining" title=" artisanal mining"> artisanal mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188429/rewashing-for-gold-optimizing-mine-plan-for-effective-closure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">521</span> Open Source Algorithms for 3D Geo-Representation of Subsurface Formations Properties in the Oil and Gas Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriel%20Quintero">Gabriel Quintero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the result of the implementation of a series of algorithms intended to be used for representing in most of the 3D geographic software, even Google Earth, the subsurface formations properties combining 2D charts or 3D plots over a 3D background, allowing everyone to use them, no matter the economic size of the company for which they work. Besides the existence of complex and expensive specialized software for modeling subsurface formations based on the same information provided to this one, the use of this open source development shows a higher and easier usability and good results, limiting the rendered properties and polygons to a basic set of charts and tubes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chart" title="chart">chart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earth" title=" earth"> earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formations" title=" formations"> formations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface" title=" subsurface"> subsurface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15561/open-source-algorithms-for-3d-geo-representation-of-subsurface-formations-properties-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">520</span> Radio-Frequency Technologies for Sensing and Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cam%20Nguyen">Cam Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid, accurate, and safe sensing and imaging of physical quantities or structures finds many applications and is of significant interest to society. Sensing and imaging using radio-frequency (RF) techniques, particularly, has gone through significant development and subsequently established itself as a unique territory in the sensing world. RF sensing and imaging has played a critical role in providing us many sensing and imaging abilities beyond our human capabilities, benefiting both civilian and military applications - for example, from sensing abnormal conditions underneath some structures’ surfaces to detection and classification of concealed items, hidden activities, and buried objects. We present the developments of several sensing and imaging systems implementing RF technologies like ultra-wide band (UWB), synthetic-pulse, and interferometry. These systems are fabricated completely using RF integrated circuits. The UWB impulse system operates over multiple pulse durations from 450 to 1170 ps with 5.5-GHz RF bandwidth. It performs well through tests of various samples, demonstrating its usefulness for subsurface sensing. The synthetic-pulse system operating from 0.6 to 5.6 GHz can assess accurately subsurface structures. The synthetic-pulse system operating from 29.72-37.7 GHz demonstrates abilities for various surface and near-surface sensing such as profile mapping, liquid-level monitoring, and anti-personnel mine locating. The interferometric system operating at 35.6 GHz demonstrates its multi-functional capability for measurement of displacements and slow velocities. These RF sensors are attractive and useful for various surface and subsurface sensing applications. This paper was made possible by NPRP grant # 6-241-2-102 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20sensors" title="RF sensors">RF sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radars" title=" radars"> radars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20sensing" title=" surface sensing"> surface sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20sensing" title=" subsurface sensing"> subsurface sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73251/radio-frequency-technologies-for-sensing-and-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">519</span> Coal Mining Safety Monitoring Using Wsn</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somdatta%20Saha">Somdatta Saha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose was to provide an implementable design scenario for underground coal mines using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The main reason being that given the intricacies in the physical structure of a coal mine, only low power WSN nodes can produce accurate surveillance and accident detection data. The work mainly concentrated on designing and simulating various alternate scenarios for a typical mine and comparing them based on the obtained results to arrive at a final design. In the Era of embedded technology, the Zigbee protocols are used in more and more applications. Because of the rapid development of sensors, microcontrollers, and network technology, a reliable technological condition has been provided for our automatic real-time monitoring of coal mine. The underground system collects temperature, humidity and methane values of coal mine through sensor nodes in the mine; it also collects the number of personnel inside the mine with the help of an IR sensor, and then transmits the data to information processing terminal based on ARM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARM" title="ARM">ARM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20board" title=" embedded board"> embedded board</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network%20%28Zigbee%29" title=" wireless sensor network (Zigbee)"> wireless sensor network (Zigbee)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23028/coal-mining-safety-monitoring-using-wsn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">518</span> Strategic Mine Planning: A SWOT Analysis Applied to KOV Open Pit Mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20May%20Mukonki">Patrick May Mukonki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> KOV pit (Kamoto Oliveira Virgule) is located 10 km from Kolwezi town, one of the mineral rich town in the Lualaba province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The KOV pit is currently operating under the Katanga Mining Limited (KML), a Glencore-Gecamines (a State Owned Company) join venture. Recently, the mine optimization process provided a life of mine of approximately 10 years withnice pushbacks using the Datamine NPV Scheduler software. In previous KOV pit studies, we recently outlined the impact of the accuracy of the geological information on a long-term mine plan for a big copper mine such as KOV pit. The approach taken, discussed three main scenarios and outlined some weaknesses on the geological information side, and now, in this paper that we are going to develop here, we are going to highlight, as an overview, those weaknesses, strengths and opportunities, in a global SWOT analysis. The approach we are taking here is essentially descriptive in terms of steps taken to optimize KOV pit and, at every step, we categorized the challenges we faced to have a better tradeoff between what we called strengths and what we called weaknesses. The same logic is applied in terms of the opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis conducted in this paper demonstrates that, despite a general poor ore body definition, and very rude ground water conditions, there is room for improvement for such high grade ore body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20planning" title="mine planning">mine planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20optimization" title=" mine optimization"> mine optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20scheduling" title=" mine scheduling"> mine scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWOT%20analysis" title=" SWOT analysis"> SWOT analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72126/strategic-mine-planning-a-swot-analysis-applied-to-kov-open-pit-mine-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> Research and Application of the Three-Dimensional Visualization Geological Modeling of Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Wang">Bin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Xu"> Yong Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honggang%20Qu"> Honggang Qu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongmei%20Liu"> Rongmei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenji%20Gao"> Zhenji Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today's mining industry is advancing gradually toward digital and visual direction. The three dimensional visualization geological modeling of mine is the digital characterization of mineral deposit, and is one of the key technology of digital mine. The three-dimensional geological modeling is a technology that combines the geological spatial information management, geological interpretation, geological spatial analysis and prediction, geostatistical analysis, entity content analysis and graphic visualization in three-dimensional environment with computer technology, and is used in geological analysis. In this paper, the three-dimensional geological modeling of an iron mine through the use of Surpac is constructed, and the weight difference of the estimation methods between distance power inverse ratio method and ordinary kriging is studied, and the ore body volume and reserves are simulated and calculated by using these two methods. Compared with the actual mine reserves, its result is relatively accurate, so it provided scientific bases for mine resource assessment, reserve calculation, mining design and so on. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20geological%20modeling" title="three-dimensional geological modeling">three-dimensional geological modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20database" title=" geological database"> geological database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistics" title=" geostatistics"> geostatistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20model" title=" block model"> block model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167346/research-and-application-of-the-three-dimensional-visualization-geological-modeling-of-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">516</span> E4D-MP: Time-Lapse Multiphysics Simulation and Joint Inversion Toolset for Large-Scale Subsurface Imaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuanfang%20Fred%20Zhang">Zhuanfang Fred Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20C.%20Johnson"> Tim C. Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yilin%20Fang"> Yilin Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20E.%20Strickland"> Chris E. Strickland</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A variety of geophysical techniques are available to image the opaque subsurface with little or no contact with the soil. It is common to conduct time-lapse surveys of different types for a given site for improved results of subsurface imaging. Regardless of the chosen survey methods, it is often a challenge to process the massive amount of survey data. The currently available software applications are generally based on the one-dimensional assumption for a desktop personal computer. Hence, they are usually incapable of imaging the three-dimensional (3D) processes/variables in the subsurface of reasonable spatial scales; the maximum amount of data that can be inverted simultaneously is often very small due to the capability limitation of personal computers. Presently, high-performance or integrating software that enables real-time integration of multi-process geophysical methods is needed. E4D-MP enables the integration and inversion of time-lapsed large-scale data surveys from geophysical methods. Using the supercomputing capability and parallel computation algorithm, E4D-MP is capable of processing data across vast spatiotemporal scales and in near real time. The main code and the modules of E4D-MP for inverting individual or combined data sets of time-lapse 3D electrical resistivity, spectral induced polarization, and gravity surveys have been developed and demonstrated for sub-surface imaging. E4D-MP provides capability of imaging the processes (e.g., liquid or gas flow, solute transport, cavity development) and subsurface properties (e.g., rock/soil density, conductivity) critical for successful control of environmental engineering related efforts such as environmental remediation, carbon sequestration, geothermal exploration, and mine land reclamation, among others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20survey" title="gravity survey">gravity survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-performance%20computing" title=" high-performance computing"> high-performance computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20monitoring" title=" sub-surface monitoring"> sub-surface monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistivity%20tomography" title=" electrical resistivity tomography"> electrical resistivity tomography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88259/e4d-mp-time-lapse-multiphysics-simulation-and-joint-inversion-toolset-for-large-scale-subsurface-imaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">515</span> Model Studies on Use of Coal Mine Waste and Modified Clay Soil as Fill Material for Embankments and Foundations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Suresh">K. Suresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Padmavathi"> M. Padmavathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Darga%20Kumar"> N. Darga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to investigate the significance of coal mine waste and improved clay soil when used as a fill and for the construction of embankment. To determine the bearing capacities of coal mine waste and improved clay soil apart from laboratory tests, PLAXIS 2D software is used to make the analysis simpler. Depending upon the bearing capacities obtained for different cases, the conclusion can be obtained. Load carrying capacities are determined for coal mine waste, clay and by altering their height ratio when clay (H2) is at the bottom and coal mine waste (H1) is on the top with three different cases (H = 0.25H1 + 0.75H2, 0.5H1 + 0.5H2, 0.75H1 + 0.25H2) in addition to this bearing capacity of improved clay soil (by replacing clay with 10% CMW, 30% CMW and 50% CMW, in addition, Polycom) is also determined. The safe height of the embankment that can be constructed with the improved clay for different slopes, i.e., for 1:1, 1.5: 1, 2: 1, is also determined by using PLAXIS 2D software by limiting the Factor of safety to 1.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title="cohesion">cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20of%20shearing%20resistance" title=" angle of shearing resistance"> angle of shearing resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus" title=" elastic modulus"> elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20consolidation" title=" coefficient of consolidation"> coefficient of consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mine%20waste" title=" coal mine waste"> coal mine waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192602/model-studies-on-use-of-coal-mine-waste-and-modified-clay-soil-as-fill-material-for-embankments-and-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Subsurface Water in Mars' Shallow Diluvium Deposits: Evidence from Tianwen-1 Radar Observations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changzhi%20Jiang">Changzhi Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunyu%20Ding"> Chunyu Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Su"> Yan Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiawei%20Li"> Jiawei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Sharma"> Ravi Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanzhou%20Liu"> Yuanzhou Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiangwan%20Xu"> Jiangwan Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early Mars is believed to have had extensive liquid water activity, which has now predominantly transitioned to a frozen state, with the majority of water stored in polar ice caps. It has long been deemed that the shallow subsurface of Mars' mid-to-low latitudes is devoid of liquid water. However, geological features observed at the Tianwen-1 landing site hint potential subsurface water. Our research indicates that the shallow subsurface at the Tianwen-1 landing site consists primarily of diluvium deposits containing liquid brine and brine ice, which exhibits diurnal thermal convection processes. Here we report the relationship between the loss tangent and temperature of materials within 5 meters depth of the subsurface at the Tianwen-1 landing site, as in-situ detected by high-frequency radar and climate station onboard the Zhurong rover. When the strata temperature exceeds ~ 240 K, the mixed brine ice transitions to liquid brine, significantly increasing the loss tangent from an average of ~ 0.0167 to a maximum of ~ 0.0448. This finding indicates the presence of substantial subsurface water in Mars' mid-to-low latitudes, influencing the shallow subsurface heat distribution and contributing to the current Martian hydrological cycle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20on%20mars" title="water on mars">water on mars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mars%20exploration" title=" mars exploration"> mars exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20radar%20detection" title=" in-situ radar detection"> in-situ radar detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tianwen-1%20mission" title=" tianwen-1 mission"> tianwen-1 mission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188927/subsurface-water-in-mars-shallow-diluvium-deposits-evidence-from-tianwen-1-radar-observations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> Significance of Water Saving through Subsurface Drip Irrigation for Date Palm Trees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20I.%20Al-Amoud">Ahmed I. Al-Amoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A laboratory and field study were conducted on subsurface drip irrigation systems. In the first laboratory study, eight subsurface drip irrigation lines available locally, were selected and a number of experiments were made to evaluate line hydraulic characteristics to insure it's suitability for drip irrigation design requirements and high performance to select the best for field experiments. The second study involves field trials on mature date palm trees to study the effect of subsurface drip irrigation system on the yield and water consumption of date palms, and to compare that with the traditional surface drip irrigation system. Experiments were conducted in Alwatania Agricultural Project, on 50 mature palm trees (17 years old) of Helwa type with 10 meters spacing between rows and between trees. A high efficiency subsurface line (Techline) was used based on the results of the first study. Irrigation scheduling was made through a soil moisture sensing device to ensure enough soil water levels in the soil. Experiment layouts were installed during 2001 season, measurements continued till end of 2008 season. Results have indicated that there is an increase in the yield and a considerable saving in water compared to the conventional drip irrigation method. In addition there were high increases in water use efficiency using the subsurface system. The subsurface system proves to be durable and highly efficient for irrigating date palm trees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drip%20irrigation" title="drip irrigation">drip irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20drip%20irrigation" title=" subsurface drip irrigation"> subsurface drip irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm%20trees" title=" date palm trees"> date palm trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm%20water%20use" title=" date palm water use"> date palm water use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm%20yield" title=" date palm yield"> date palm yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1984/significance-of-water-saving-through-subsurface-drip-irrigation-for-date-palm-trees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> Application of Remote Sensing Technique on the Monitoring of Mine Eco-Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidong%20Li">Haidong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weishou%20Shen"> Weishou Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoping%20Lv"> Guoping Lv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Wang"> Tao Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aiming to overcome the limitation of the application of traditional remote sensing (RS) technique in the mine eco-environmental monitoring, in this paper, we first classified the eco-environmental damages caused by mining activities and then introduced the principle, classification and characteristics of the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technique. The potentiality of LiDAR technique in the mine eco-environmental monitoring was analyzed, particularly in extracting vertical structure parameters of vegetation, through comparing the feasibility and applicability of traditional RS method and LiDAR technique in monitoring different types of indicators. The application situation of LiDAR technique in extracting typical mine indicators, such as land destruction in mining areas, damage of ecological integrity and natural soil erosion. The result showed that the LiDAR technique has the ability to monitor most of the mine eco-environmental indicators, and exhibited higher accuracy comparing with traditional RS technique, specifically speaking, the applicability of LiDAR technique on each indicator depends on the accuracy requirement of mine eco-environmental monitoring. In the item of large mine, LiDAR three-dimensional point cloud data not only could be used as the complementary data source of optical RS, Airborne/Satellite LiDAR could also fulfill the demand of extracting vertical structure parameters of vegetation in large areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiDAR" title="LiDAR">LiDAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine" title=" mine"> mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20damage" title=" ecological damage"> ecological damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20remote%20sensing%20technique" title=" traditional remote sensing technique"> traditional remote sensing technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65821/application-of-remote-sensing-technique-on-the-monitoring-of-mine-eco-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> Delineating Concern Ground in Block Caving – Underground Mine Using Ground Penetrating Radar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Sitorus">Eric Sitorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Septian%20Prahastudhi"> Septian Prahastudhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turgod%20Nainggolan"> Turgod Nainggolan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erwin%20Riyanto"> Erwin Riyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining by block or panel caving is a mining method that takes advantage of fractures within an ore body, coupled with gravity, to extract material from a predetermined column of ore. The caving column is weakened from beneath through the use of undercutting, after which the ore breaks up and is extracted from below in a continuous cycle. The nature of this method induces cyclical stresses on the pillars of excavations as stress is built up and released over time, which has a detrimental effect on both the installed ground support and the rock mass itself. Ground support capacity, especially on the production where excavation void ratio is highest, is subjected to heavy loading. Strain above threshold of the elongation of support capacity can yield resulting in damage to excavations. Geotechnical engineers must evaluate not only the remnant capacity of ground support systems but also investigate depth of rock mass yield within pillars, backs and floors. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that has the ability to evaluate rock mass damage using electromagnetic waves. This paper illustrates a case study from the Grasberg mining complex where non-invasive information on the depth of damage and condition of the remaining rock mass was required. GPR with 100 MHz antenna resolution was used to obtain images of the subsurface to determine rehabilitation requirements prior to recommencing production activities. The GPR surveys were used to calibrate the reflection coefficient response of varying rock mass conditions to known Rock Quality Designation (RQD) parameters observed at the mine. The calibrated GPR survey allowed site engineers to map subsurface conditions and plan rehabilitation accordingly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20caving" title="block caving">block caving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20penetrating%20radar" title=" ground penetrating radar"> ground penetrating radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectivity" title=" reflectivity"> reflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RQD" title=" RQD"> RQD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106097/delineating-concern-ground-in-block-caving-underground-mine-using-ground-penetrating-radar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> On Enabling Miner Self-Rescue with In-Mine Robots using Real-Time Object Detection with Thermal Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyrus%20Addy">Cyrus Addy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Sriram%20Siddhardh%20Nadendla"> Venkata Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwame%20Awuah-Offei"> Kwame Awuah-Offei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface robots in modern underground mine rescue operations suffer from several limitations in enabling a prompt self-rescue. Therefore, the possibility of designing and deploying in-mine robots to expedite miner self-rescue can have a transformative impact on miner safety. These in-mine robots for miner self-rescue can be envisioned to carry out diverse tasks such as object detection, autonomous navigation, and payload delivery. Specifically, this paper investigates the challenges in the design of object detection algorithms for in-mine robots using thermal images, especially to detect people in real-time. A total of 125 thermal images were collected in the Missouri S&T Experimental Mine with the help of student volunteers using the FLIR TG 297 infrared camera, which were pre-processed into training and validation datasets with 100 and 25 images, respectively. Three state-of-the-art, pre-trained real-time object detection models, namely YOLOv5, YOLO-FIRI, and YOLOv8, were considered and re-trained using transfer learning techniques on the training dataset. On the validation dataset, the re-trained YOLOv8 outperforms the re-trained versions of both YOLOv5, and YOLO-FIRI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miner%20self-rescue" title="miner self-rescue">miner self-rescue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20detection" title=" object detection"> object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20mine" title=" underground mine"> underground mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YOLO" title=" YOLO"> YOLO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174124/on-enabling-miner-self-rescue-with-in-mine-robots-using-real-time-object-detection-with-thermal-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Using Silane and Phosphate Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chiliza">M. Chiliza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Mbukwane"> H. P. Mbukwane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%20Masita"> P Masita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rutto"> H. Rutto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acid mine drainage (AMD) one of the main pollutants of water in many countries that have mining activities. AMD results from the oxidation of pyrite and other metal sulfides. When these metals gets exposed to moisture and oxygen, leaching takes place releasing sulphate and Iron. Acid drainage is often noted by 'yellow boy,' an orange-yellow substance that occurs when the pH of acidic mine-influenced water raises above pH 3, so that the previously dissolved iron precipitates out. The possibility of using environmentally friendly silane and phosphate based coatings on pyrite to remediate acid mine drainage and prevention at source was investigated. The results showed that both coatings reduced chemical oxidation of pyrite based on Fe and sulphate release. Furthermore, it was found that silane based coating performs better when coating synthesis take place in a basic hydrolysis than in an acidic state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title="acid mine drainage">acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrite" title=" pyrite"> pyrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silane" title=" silane"> silane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate" title=" phosphate"> phosphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59866/acid-mine-drainage-remediation-using-silane-and-phosphate-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> The Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution Degree in the Soils Around the Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Ghazaryan">K. A. Ghazaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Gevorgyan"> G. A. Gevorgyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Movsesyan"> H. S. Movsesyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Ghazaryan"> N. P. Ghazaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20V.%20Grigoryan"> K. V. Grigoryan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heavy metal pollution degree in the soils around the Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine in Syunik Marz, Armenia was aessessed. The results of the study showed that heavy metal pollution degree in the soils mainly decreased with increasing distance from the open mine and the ore enrichment combine which indicated that the open mine and the ore enrichment combine were the main sources of heavy metal pollution. The only exception was observed in the northern part of the open mine where pollution degree in the sites (along the open mine) situated 600 meters far from the mine was higher than that in the sites located 300 meters far from the mine. This can be explained by the characteristics of relief and air currents as well as the weak vegetation cover of these sites and the characteristics of soil structure. According to geo-accumulation index (I-geo), contamination factor (Cf), contamination degree (Cd) and pollution load index (PLI) values, the pollution degree in the soils around the open mine and the ore enrichment combine was higher than that in the soils around the tailing dumps which was due to the proper and accurate operation of the Artsvanik tailing damp and the recultivation of the Voghji tailing dump. The high Cu and Mo pollution of the soils was conditioned by the character of industrial activities, the moving direction of air currents as well as the physicochemical peculiarities of the soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zangezur%20copper%20and%20molybdenum%20combine" title=" Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine"> Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20pollution%20degree" title=" heavy metal pollution degree"> heavy metal pollution degree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25256/the-evaluation-of-heavy-metal-pollution-degree-in-the-soils-around-the-zangezur-copper-and-molybdenum-combine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> Research of the Three-Dimensional Visualization Geological Modeling of Mine Based on Surpac</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honggang%20Qu">Honggang Qu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Xu"> Yong Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongmei%20Liu"> Rongmei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenji%20Gao"> Zhenji Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Wang"> Bin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today's mining industry is advancing gradually toward digital and visual direction. The three-dimensional visualization geological modeling of mine is the digital characterization of mineral deposits and is one of the key technology of digital mining. Three-dimensional geological modeling is a technology that combines geological spatial information management, geological interpretation, geological spatial analysis and prediction, geostatistical analysis, entity content analysis and graphic visualization in a three-dimensional environment with computer technology and is used in geological analysis. In this paper, the three-dimensional geological modeling of an iron mine through the use of Surpac is constructed, and the weight difference of the estimation methods between the distance power inverse ratio method and ordinary kriging is studied, and the ore body volume and reserves are simulated and calculated by using these two methods. Compared with the actual mine reserves, its result is relatively accurate, so it provides scientific bases for mine resource assessment, reserve calculation, mining design and so on. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20geological%20modeling" title="three-dimensional geological modeling">three-dimensional geological modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20database" title=" geological database"> geological database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistics" title=" geostatistics"> geostatistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20model" title=" block model"> block model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167349/research-of-the-three-dimensional-visualization-geological-modeling-of-mine-based-on-surpac" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">506</span> Evaluation of Subsurface Drilling and Geo Mechanic Properties Based on Stratum Index Factor for Humanities Environment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdull%20Halim%20Abdul">Abdull Halim Abdul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhaimin%20Sulam"> Muhaimin Sulam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is about a subsurface study of Taman Pudu Ulu, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur with emphasize of Geo mechanic properties based on stratum index factor in humanities environment. Subsurface drilling and seismic data were used to understand the subsurface condition of the study area such as the type and thickness of the strata. Borehole and soil samples were recovered Geo mechanic properties of the area by conducting number of experiments. Taman Pudu Ulu overlies the Kuala Lumpur Limestone formation that is known for its karstic features such as caves and cavities. Hence by knowing the Geo mechanic properties such as the normal strain and shear strain we can plan a safer and economics construction that is plan at the area in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratum" title="stratum">stratum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=index%20factor" title=" index factor"> index factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo%20mechanic%20properties" title=" geo mechanic properties"> geo mechanic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanities%20environment" title=" humanities environment"> humanities environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24090/evaluation-of-subsurface-drilling-and-geo-mechanic-properties-based-on-stratum-index-factor-for-humanities-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">505</span> Characterization and Geochemical Modeling of Cu and Zn Sorption Using Mixed Mineral Systems Injected with Iron Sulfide under Sulfidic-Anoxic Conditions I: Case Study of Cwmheidol Mine Waste Water, Wales, United Kingdom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20E.%20Egirani">D. E. Egirani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20E.%20Andrews"> J. E. Andrews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Baker"> A. R. Baker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates sorption of Cu and Zn contained in natural mine wastewater, using mixed mineral systems in sulfidic-anoxic condition. The mine wastewater was obtained from disused mine workings at Cwmheidol in Wales, United Kingdom. These contaminants flow into water courses. These water courses include River Rheidol. In this River fishing activities exist. In an attempt to reduce Cu-Zn levels of fish intake in the watercourses, single mineral systems and 1:1 mixed mineral systems of clay and goethite were tested with the mine waste water for copper and zinc removal at variable pH. Modelling of hydroxyl complexes was carried out using phreeqc method. Reactions using batch mode technique was conducted at room temperature. There was significant differences in the behaviour of copper and zinc removal using mixed mineral systems when compared  to single mineral systems. All mixed mineral systems sorb more Cu than Zn when tested with mine wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-%20Zn" title="Cu- Zn">Cu- Zn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyl%20complexes" title=" hydroxyl complexes"> hydroxyl complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20mineral%20systems" title=" mixed mineral systems"> mixed mineral systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivity" title=" reactivity"> reactivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16289/characterization-and-geochemical-modeling-of-cu-and-zn-sorption-using-mixed-mineral-systems-injected-with-iron-sulfide-under-sulfidic-anoxic-conditions-i-case-study-of-cwmheidol-mine-waste-water-wales-united-kingdom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> Determination of the Optimum Size of Building Stone Blocks: Case Study of Delichai Travertine Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesam%20Sedaghat%20Nejad">Hesam Sedaghat Nejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Hosseini"> Navid Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Nikvar%20Hassani"> Arash Nikvar Hassani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of the optimum block size with high profitability is one of the significant parameters in designation of the building stone mines. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum dimensions of building stone blocks in Delichai travertine mine of Damavand in Tehran province through combining the effective parameters proven in determination of the optimum dimensions in building stones such as the spacing of joints and gaps, extraction tools constraints with the help of modeling by Gemcom software. To this end, following simulation of the topography of the mine, the block model was prepared and then in order to use spacing joints and discontinuities as a limiting factor, the existing joints set was added to the model. Since only one almost horizontal joint set with a slope of 5 degrees was available, this factor was effective only in determining the optimum height of the block, and thus to determine the longitudinal and transverse optimum dimensions of the extracted block, the power of available loader in the mine was considered as the secondary limiting factor. According to the aforementioned factors, the optimal block size in this mine was measured as 3.4×4×7 meter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20stone" title="building stone">building stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20block%20size" title=" optimum block size"> optimum block size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delichay%20travertine%20mine" title=" Delichay travertine mine"> Delichay travertine mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loader%20power" title=" loader power"> loader power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49660/determination-of-the-optimum-size-of-building-stone-blocks-case-study-of-delichai-travertine-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> Adsorptive Performance of Surface Modified Montmorillonite in Vanadium Removal from Real Mine Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opeyemi%20Atiba-Oyewo">Opeyemi Atiba-Oyewo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taile%20Y.%20Leswfi"> Taile Y. Leswfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maurice%20S.%20Onyango"> Maurice S. Onyango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Wolkersdorfer"> Christian Wolkersdorfer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the preparation of surface modified montmorillonite using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) for the removal of vanadium from mine water. The adsorbent before and after adsorption was characterised by Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the amount of vanadium adsorbed was determined by ICP-OES. The batch adsorption method was employed using vanadium concentrations in solution ranging from 50 to 320 mg/L and vanadium tailings seepage water from a South African mine. Also, solution pH, temperature and sorbent mass were varied. Results show that the adsorption capacity was affected by solution pH, temperature, sorbent mass and the initial concentration. Electrical conductivity of the mine water before and after adsorption was measured to estimate the total dissolved solids in the mine water. Equilibrium isotherm results revealed that vanadium sorption follows the Freundlich isotherm, indicating that the surface of the sorbent was heterogeneous. The pseudo-second order kinetic model gave the best fit to the kinetic experimental data compared to the first order and Elovich models. The results of this study may be used to predict the uptake efficiency of South Africa montmorillonite in view of its application for the removal of vanadium from mine water. However, the choice of this adsorbent for the uptake of vanadium or other contaminants will depend on the composition of the effluent to be treated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium" title=" vanadium"> vanadium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20montmorillonite" title=" modified montmorillonite"> modified montmorillonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20water" title=" mine water"> mine water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38212/adsorptive-performance-of-surface-modified-montmorillonite-in-vanadium-removal-from-real-mine-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Efficient Subsurface Mapping: Automatic Integration of Ground Penetrating Radar with Geographic Information Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rauf%20R.%20Hussein">Rauf R. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devon%20M.%20Ramey"> Devon M. Ramey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrating Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide valuable insights for various applications, such as archaeology, transportation, and utility locating. Although there has been progress toward automating the integration of GPR data with GIS, fully automatic integration has not been achieved yet. Additionally, manually integrating GPR data with GIS can be a time-consuming and error-prone process. In this study, actual, real-world GPR applications are presented, and a software named GPR-GIS 10 is created to interactively extract subsurface targets from GPR radargrams and automatically integrate them into GIS. With this software, it is possible to quickly and reliably integrate the two techniques to create informative subsurface maps. The results indicated that automatic integration of GPR with GIS can be an efficient tool to map and view any subsurface targets in their appropriate location in a 3D space with the needed precision. The findings of this study could help GPR-GIS integrators save time and reduce errors in many GPR-GIS applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPR" title="GPR">GPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPR-GIS%2010" title=" GPR-GIS 10"> GPR-GIS 10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drone%20technology" title=" drone technology"> drone technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165895/efficient-subsurface-mapping-automatic-integration-of-ground-penetrating-radar-with-geographic-information-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165895.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">501</span> Water Management of Erdenet Mining Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Oyuntungalag">K. H. Oyuntungalag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scott%20Kenner"> Scott Kenner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Erdenetuya"> O. Erdenetuya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The life cycle phases of mining projects are described in this guidance document, and includes initial phases (exploration, feasibility and planning), mine development (construction and operations), closure and reclamation. Initial phases relate to field programs and desktop studies intended to build the data and knowledge base, including the design of water management infrastructure and development during these initial phases. Such a model is essential to demonstrate that the water management plan (WMP) will provide adequate water for the mine operations and sufficient capacity for anticipated flows and volumes, and minimize environmental impacts on the receiving environment. The water and mass balance model must cover the whole mine life cycle, from the start of mine development to a date sufficiently far in the future where the reclaimed landscape is considered self- sustaining following complete closure of the mine (i.e., post- closure). The model simulates the movement of water within the components of the water management infrastructure and project operating areas, and calculates chemical loadings to each mine component. At Erdenet Mining company an initial water balance model reflecting the tailings dam, groundwater seepage and mine process water was developed in collaboration with Dr. Scott Kenner (visiting Fulbright scholar). From this preliminary study the following recommendations were made: 1. Develop a detailed groundwater model to simulate seepage from the tailings dam, 2. Establish an evaporation pan for improving evapotranspiration estimates, and 3. Measure changes in storage of water within the tailings dam and other water storage components within the mine processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspiration" title="evapotranspiration ">evapotranspiration </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20program" title=" monitoring program"> monitoring program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdenet%20mining" title=" Erdenet mining"> Erdenet mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings%20dam" title=" tailings dam"> tailings dam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20522/water-management-of-erdenet-mining-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> 3D Geological Modeling and Engineering Geological Characterization of Shallow Subsurface Soil and Rock of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biruk%20Wolde">Biruk Wolde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atalay%20Ayele"> Atalay Ayele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yonatan%20Garkabo"> Yonatan Garkabo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trufat%20Hailmariam"> Trufat Hailmariam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zemenu%20Germewu"> Zemenu Germewu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling and engineering geological characterization of shallow subsurface soils and rocks are essential for a wide range of geotechnical and seismological engineering applications, particularly in urban environments. The spatial distribution and geological variation of the shallow subsurface of Addis Ababa city have not been studied so far in terms of geological and geotechnical modeling. This study aims at the construction of a 3D geological model, as well as provides awareness into the engineering geological characteristics of shallow subsurface soil and rock of Addis Ababa city. The 3D geological model was constructed by using more than 1500 geotechnical boreholes, well-drilling data, and geological maps. A well-known geostatistical kriging 3D interpolation algorithm was applied to visualize the spatial distribution and geological variation of the shallow subsurface. Due to the complex nature of geological formations, vertical and lateral variation of the geological profiles horizons-solid command has been selected via the Groundwater Modelling System (GMS) graphical user interface software. For the engineering geological characterization of typical soils and rocks, both index and engineering laboratory tests have been used. The geotechnical properties of soil and rocks vary from place to place due to the uneven nature of subsurface formations observed in the study areas. The constructed model ascertains the thickness, extent, and 3D distribution of the important geological units of the city. This study is the first comprehensive research work on 3D geological modeling and subsurface characterization of soils and rocks in Addis Ababa city, and the outcomes will be important for further future research on subsurface conditions in the city. Furthermore, these findings provide a reference for developing a geo-database for the city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20geological%20modeling" title="3d geological modeling">3d geological modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=addis%20ababa" title=" addis ababa"> addis ababa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20geology" title=" engineering geology"> engineering geology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistics" title=" geostatistics"> geostatistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizons-solid" title=" horizons-solid"> horizons-solid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168378/3d-geological-modeling-and-engineering-geological-characterization-of-shallow-subsurface-soil-and-rock-of-addis-ababa-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Mine Production Index (MPi): New Method to Evaluate Effectiveness of Mining Machinery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amol%20Lanke">Amol Lanke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Hoseinie"> Hadi Hoseinie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Ghodrati"> Behzad Ghodrati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> OEE has been used in many industries as measure of performance. However due to limitations of original OEE, it has been modified by various researchers. OEE for mining application is special version of classic equation, carries these limitation over. In this paper it has been aimed to modify the OEE for mining application by introducing the weights to the elements of it and termed as Mine Production index (MPi). As a special application of new index MPi shovel has been developed by team of experts and researchers for evaluating the shovel effectiveness. Based on analysis, utilization followed by performance and availability were ranked in this order. To check the applicability of this index, a case study was done on four electrical and one hydraulic shovel in a Swedish mine. The results shows that MPishovelcan properly evaluate production effectiveness of shovels and determine effectiveness values in optimistic view compared to OEE. MPi with calculation not only give the effectiveness but also can predict which elements should be focused for improving the productivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title="mining">mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overall%20equipment%20efficiency%20%28OEE%29" title=" overall equipment efficiency (OEE)"> overall equipment efficiency (OEE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20production%20index" title=" mine production index"> mine production index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shovels" title=" shovels"> shovels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13163/mine-production-index-mpi-new-method-to-evaluate-effectiveness-of-mining-machinery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> Integrated Geophysical Approach for Subsurface Delineation in Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Kumar%20Singh%20Chauhan">Pradeep Kumar Singh Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gayatri%20Devi"> Gayatri Devi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zamir%20Ahmad"> Zamir Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Chauhan"> Komal Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abha%20Mittal"> Abha Mittal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of geophysical methods to study the subsurface profile for site investigation is becoming popular globally. These methods are non-destructive and provide the image of subsurface at shallow depths. Seismic refraction method is one of the most common and efficient method being used for civil engineering site investigations particularly for knowing the seismic velocity of the subsurface layers. Resistivity imaging technique is a geo-electrical method used to image the subsurface, water bearing zone, bedrock and layer thickness. Integrated approach combining seismic refraction and 2-D resistivity imaging will provide a better and reliable picture of the subsurface. These are economical and less time-consuming field survey which provide high resolution image of the subsurface. Geophysical surveys carried out in this study include seismic refraction and 2D resistivity imaging method for delineation of sub-surface strata in different parts of Srinagar, Garhwal Himalaya, India. The aim of this survey was to map the shallow subsurface in terms of geological and geophysical properties mainly P-wave velocity, resistivity, layer thickness, and lithology of the area. Both sides of the river, Alaknanda which flows through the centre of the city, have been covered by taking two profiles on each side using both methods. Seismic and electrical surveys were carried out at the same locations to complement the results of each other. The seismic refraction survey was carried out using ABEM TeraLoc 24 channel Seismograph and 2D resistivity imaging was performed using ABEM Terrameter LS equipment. The results show three distinct layers on both sides of the river up to the depth of 20 m. The subsurface is divided into three distinct layers namely, alluvium extending up to, 3 m depth, conglomerate zone lying between the depth of 3 m to 15 m, and compacted pebbles and cobbles beyond 15 m. P-wave velocity in top layer is found in the range of 400 – 600 m/s, in second layer it varies from 700 – 1100 m/s and in the third layer it is 1500 – 3300 m/s. The resistivity results also show similar pattern and were in good agreement with seismic refraction results. The results obtained in this study were validated with an available exposed river scar at one site. The study established the efficacy of geophysical methods for subsurface investigations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20resistivity%20imaging" title="2D resistivity imaging">2D resistivity imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P-wave%20velocity" title=" P-wave velocity"> P-wave velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20refraction%20survey" title=" seismic refraction survey"> seismic refraction survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface" title=" subsurface"> subsurface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61785/integrated-geophysical-approach-for-subsurface-delineation-in-srinagar-uttarakhand-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> Geochemical Approach of Rare Earth Element Distribution: A Case Study from Lake Acigol, Denizli, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Budakoglu">M. Budakoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Karaman"> M. Karaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdelnasser"> A. Abdelnasser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kiran"> D. Kiran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kumral"> M. Kumral</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> About 50 mg lake sediment was digested in two steps. While first stage was completed with 6 ml 37% HCl, 2 ml 65% HNO3 and 1 ml 38-40% HF in an pressure and temperature controlled Teflon beaker using Berghoff Microwave™ at average 135°C, digestion procedure was completed with the addition of 6 ml 5% boric acid solution. REE contents of sediment samples were determined by Perkin Elmer DRC II ICP-MS in Geochemistry Research Laboratories (JAL/GRL) of Faculty of Mines, Istanbul Technical University. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of Lake Acıgöl sediments show generally high abundance of REE compared to chondritic concentrations, with particular enrichment in LREE [(La/Lu)N = 4.85-19.90], [(La/Lu)N = 7.09-15.14], [(La/Lu)N = 9.42-15.52] and [(La/Lu)N = 7.69-15.63] for the surface sediment and 0-10 cm-, 10-20 cm- and 20-30 cm-subsurface sediments respectively. Also these samples showed flat HREE normalized to chondrite as (La/Sm)N ranging from 2.98 to 4.8 for surface sediments and for subsurface sediments from 3.28 to 3.97 (0-10 cm), 3.57 to 3.94 (10-20 cm) and 3.36 to 3.94 (20-30 cm) while (Gd/Yb)N ranging from 2.14 to 2.93, from 2.03 to 2.76, from 2.26 to 2.79 and from 2.05 to 2.76 from the surface and subsurface sediments respectively. Moreover, their REE profiles are similar to profiles of the continental collision basin (CCB) with negative Eu anomalies. In addition, their REE patterns illustrate generally low abundance of REE compared to concentrations of NASC, PAAS and UCC with very slight enrichment of LREE and positive Eu* anomalies. Therefore there is no comparable between our samples of surface and subsurface sediments and these types of international sediments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chondrite-normalized%20REE%20patterns" title="chondrite-normalized REE patterns">chondrite-normalized REE patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersaline%20lake" title=" hypersaline lake"> hypersaline lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20sediments" title=" surface sediments"> surface sediments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20sediments" title=" subsurface sediments"> subsurface sediments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lake%20Ac%C4%B1g%C3%B6l" title=" Lake Acıgöl"> Lake Acıgöl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10632/geochemical-approach-of-rare-earth-element-distribution-a-case-study-from-lake-acigol-denizli-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> A Case Study: Remediation of Abandoned Mines for Residential Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa%20S.%20Oweis">Issa S. Oweis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Gartenberg"> Gary Gartenberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luma%20J.%20Oweis"> Luma J. Oweis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The site for a residential apartment building overlies an abandoned iron mine in granitic gneiss in northern New Jersey. The mine stope is about 137 m (450 long) and dipping over 344m (800 feet) at 450 to 500. As the building footprint straddles, the mine site needed remediation. The remediation scheme consisted of compaction grouting a minimum 10 m (30 ft.) depth of the mine stope in rock to establish a buttress for the hanging wall and allow support of the building foundation. The rock strength parameters (friction and cohesion) were established based on Hoek Geologic Strength Index (GSI). The derived strength parameters were used in the wedge analysis to simulate rock cave-in. It was concluded that a cave-in would be unlikely. Verification holes confirmed the effectiveness of grouting. Although post grouting micro gravity survey depicted a few anomalies, no anomalies were found to exist by further drilling and excavation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grout" title="grout">grout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stope" title=" stope"> stope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock" title=" rock"> rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57720/a-case-study-remediation-of-abandoned-mines-for-residential-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> Architectural and Sedimentological Parameterization for Reservoir Quality of Miocene Onshore Sandstone, Borneo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numair%20A.%20Siddiqui">Numair A. Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Muhammad"> Usman Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20J.%20Mathew"> Manoj J. Mathew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramkumar%20M."> Ramkumar M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Sautter"> Benjamin Sautter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20A.%20K.%20El-Ghali"> Muhammad A. K. El-Ghali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Menier"> David Menier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiqi%20Zhang"> Shiqi Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The sedimentological parameterization of shallow-marine siliciclastic reservoirs in terms of reservoir quality and heterogeneity from outcrop study can help improve the subsurface reservoir prediction. An architectural analysis has documented variations in sandstone geometry and rock properties within shallow-marine sandstone exposed in the Miocene Sandakan Formation of Sabah, Borneo. This study demonstrates reservoir sandstone quality assessment for subsurface rock evaluation, from well-exposed successions of the Sandakan Formation, Borneo, with which applicable analogues can be identified. The analyses were based on traditional conventional field investigation of outcrops, grain-size and petrographic studies of hand specimens of different sandstone facies and gamma-ray and permeability measurements. On the bases of these evaluations, the studied sandstone was grouped into three qualitative reservoir rock classes; high (Ø=18.10 – 43.60%; k=1265.20 – 5986.25 mD), moderate (Ø=17.60 – 37%; k=21.36 – 568 mD) and low quality (Ø=3.4 – 15.7%; k=3.21 – 201.30 mD) for visualization and prediction of subsurface reservoir quality. These results provided analogy for shallow marine sandstone reservoir complexity that can be utilized in the evaluation of reservoir quality of regional and subsurface analogues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture%20and%20sedimentology" title="architecture and sedimentology">architecture and sedimentology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20rock%20evaluation" title=" subsurface rock evaluation"> subsurface rock evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20quality" title=" reservoir quality"> reservoir quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borneo" title=" borneo "> borneo </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117322/architectural-and-sedimentological-parameterization-for-reservoir-quality-of-miocene-onshore-sandstone-borneo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=17">17</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=18">18</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> 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