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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchy of Thuringia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducat_de_Tur%C3%ADngia" title="Ducat de Turíngia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ducat de Turíngia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durynsk%C3%A9_v%C3%A9vodstv%C3%AD" title="Durynské vévodství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Durynské vévodství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertugd%C3%B8mmet_Th%C3%BCringen" title="Hertugdømmet Thüringen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hertugdømmet Thüringen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzogtum_Th%C3%BCringen" title="Herzogtum Thüringen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herzogtum Thüringen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BC%C3%BCringi_hertsogkond" title="Tüüringi hertsogkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tüüringi hertsogkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Δουκάτο της Θουριγγίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δουκάτο της Θουριγγίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducado_de_Turingia" title="Ducado de Turingia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ducado de Turingia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgraviat_de_Thuringe" title="Landgraviat de Thuringe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Landgraviat de Thuringe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadipaten_Thuringia" title="Kadipaten Thuringia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kadipaten Thuringia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langraviato_di_Turingia" title="Langraviato di Turingia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Langraviato di Turingia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="דוכסות תורינגיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוכסות תורינגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Војводство Тирингија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Војводство Тирингија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgraafschap_Th%C3%BCringen" title="Landgraafschap Thüringen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landgraafschap Thüringen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducatul_de_Turingia" title="Ducatul de Turingia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ducatul de Turingia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Герцогство Тюрингия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герцогство Тюрингия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertigd%C3%B6met_Th%C3%BCringen" title="Hertigdömet Thüringen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hertigdömet Thüringen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Тюринзьке герцогство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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.ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Duchy (Landgraviate) of Thuringia</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Herzogtum (Landgrafschaft) Thüringen</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">631/32–1440</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grunwald_Brunszwik.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Thuringia"><img alt="Flag of Thuringia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Grunwald_Brunszwik.svg/95px-Grunwald_Brunszwik.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Grunwald_Brunszwik.svg/143px-Grunwald_Brunszwik.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Grunwald_Brunszwik.svg/190px-Grunwald_Brunszwik.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div>The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Thuringia" title="Coat of arms of Thuringia">Ludowingian <br /><i>lion barry</i></a> (presumed <a href="/wiki/Banner_of_arms" title="Banner of arms">banner of arms</a>)</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vollwappen_Wettiner_Landgraf_Albrecht_(1265).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Landgrave Albert II, 1265 of Thuringia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Landgrave Albert II, 1265 of Thuringia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vollwappen_Wettiner_Landgraf_Albrecht_%281265%29.svg/95px-Vollwappen_Wettiner_Landgraf_Albrecht_%281265%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vollwappen_Wettiner_Landgraf_Albrecht_%281265%29.svg/143px-Vollwappen_Wettiner_Landgraf_Albrecht_%281265%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vollwappen_Wettiner_Landgraf_Albrecht_%281265%29.svg/190px-Vollwappen_Wettiner_Landgraf_Albrecht_%281265%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="988" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms of<br />Landgrave Albert II, 1265</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchy</a>,<br />then <a href="/wiki/States_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="States of the Holy Roman Empire">State</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic church">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Thuringia" title="Politics of Thuringia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Feudal Duchy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> invasion </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 531</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Duchy established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">631/32</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Re-established as <a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgraviate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1111/12</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Thuringian_Succession" title="War of the Thuringian Succession">Comital line extinct</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1247</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Split off <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Hesse</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1264</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• To <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Saxony</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1440</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Altenburg" title="Division of Altenburg">Division of Altenburg</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1445</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thuringii" title="Thuringii">Thuringii</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Landgraviate of Hesse</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Old_flag_of_Hesse.png/20px-Old_flag_of_Hesse.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Old_flag_of_Hesse.png/30px-Old_flag_of_Hesse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Old_flag_of_Hesse.png/40px-Old_flag_of_Hesse.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="590" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Electorate of Saxony</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Electoral_Saxony.svg/20px-Flag_of_Electoral_Saxony.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Electoral_Saxony.svg/30px-Flag_of_Electoral_Saxony.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Electoral_Saxony.svg/40px-Flag_of_Electoral_Saxony.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Duchy of Thuringia</b> was an eastern <a href="/wiki/Frontier_march" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontier march">frontier march</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established about 631 by King <a href="/wiki/Dagobert_I" title="Dagobert I">Dagobert I</a> after his troops had been defeated by the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Samo" title="Samo">Slavic confederation of Samo</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wogastisburg" title="Battle of Wogastisburg">Battle of Wogastisburg</a>. It was recreated in the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> and its dukes were appointed by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">king</a> until it was absorbed by the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxon dukes</a> in 908. From about 1111/12 the territory was ruled by the Landgraves of Thuringia as <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of the Holy Roman Empire">Princes of the Holy Roman Empire</a>. When <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Frederick IV, Landgrave of Thuringia">Frederick IV</a>, the last independent ruler of Thuringia died in 1440, the territory passed to his nephew, the Saxon elector <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Frederick II, Elector of Saxony">Frederick II</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankenreich_unter_den_Merowingern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Frankenreich_unter_den_Merowingern.jpg/220px-Frankenreich_unter_den_Merowingern.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Frankenreich_unter_den_Merowingern.jpg/330px-Frankenreich_unter_den_Merowingern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Frankenreich_unter_den_Merowingern.jpg/440px-Frankenreich_unter_den_Merowingern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3287" data-file-height="2874" /></a><figcaption>Francia about 486, with Thuringian realm in the east</figcaption></figure> <p>The former kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Thuringii" title="Thuringii">Thuringii</a> arose during the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a> after the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Hunnic</a> Empire in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> in the mid 5th century, culminating in their defeat in the 454 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nedao" title="Battle of Nedao">Battle of Nedao</a>. With <a href="/wiki/Bisinus" title="Bisinus">Bisinus</a> a first <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thuringia" title="List of rulers of Thuringia">Thuringian king</a> is documented about 500, who ruled over extended estates that stretched beyond the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> River in the south. His son and successor <a href="/wiki/Hermanafrid" title="Hermanafrid">Hermanafrid</a> married <a href="/wiki/Amalaberga" title="Amalaberga">Amalaberga</a>, a niece of the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoth</a> king <a href="/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoderic the Great">Theoderic the Great</a>, thereby hedging the threat of incursions by the Merovingian Franks in the west. However, when King Theoderic died in 526, they took the occasion to invade the Thuringian lands and finally carried off the victory in a 531 battle on the <a href="/wiki/Unstrut" title="Unstrut">Unstrut</a> River. King <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_I" title="Theuderic I">Theuderic of Rheims</a> had Hermanafrid trapped in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BClpich" title="Zülpich">Zülpich</a> (<i>Tolbiacum</i>) where the last Thuringian king was killed. His niece Princess <a href="/wiki/Radegund" title="Radegund">Radegund</a> was kidnapped by King <a href="/wiki/Chlothar_I" title="Chlothar I">Chlothar I</a> and died in exile in 586. </p><p>The Thuringian realm was shattered: the territory north of the <a href="/wiki/Harz" title="Harz">Harz</a> mountain range was settled by <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxon</a> tribes, while the Franks moved into the southern parts on the Main River. The estates east of the <a href="/wiki/Saale" title="Saale">Saale</a> River were beyond Frankish control and taken over by <a href="/wiki/Polabian_Slavs" title="Polabian Slavs">Polabian Slavs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merovingian_duchy">Merovingian duchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Merovingian duchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg/220px-Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg/330px-Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg/440px-Frankish_Empire_481_to_814-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1591" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption>Frankish Empire with Thuringian march</figcaption></figure> <p>The first documented duke (<i>dux</i>) of remaining <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> was a local noble named <a href="/wiki/Radulf,_King_of_Thuringia" title="Radulf, King of Thuringia">Radulf</a>, installed by King Dagobert in the early 630s. Radulf was able to secure the Frankish border along the Saale River in the east from Slavic incursions. However, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Fredegar" title="Chronicle of Fredegar">Chronicle of Fredegar</a></i>, in 641/2 his victories "turned his head" (i.e., made him proud) and he allied with Samo and rebelled against Dagobert's successor, King <a href="/wiki/Sigebert_III" title="Sigebert III">Sigebert III</a>, even going so far as to declare himself king (<i>rex</i>) of Thuringia.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A punitive expedition led by the Frankish Mayor of the Palace <a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald</a> ultimately failed and Radulf was able to maintain his semi-autonomous position. His successors of the local ducal dynasty, the <a href="/wiki/Hedan_II" title="Hedan II">Hedenen</a>, supported missionary activity within the duchy, but seem to have lost their hold on Thuringia after the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Pippinids</a> in the early eighth century. A conflict with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a> around 717–19 brought an end to autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 849, the eastern part of Thuringia was organised as the <i><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_March" title="Sorbian March">limes Sorabicus</a></i>, or <a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbian</a> March, and placed under a duke named <a href="/wiki/Thachulf,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Thachulf, Duke of Thuringia">Thachulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Fulda" class="mw-redirect" title="Annals of Fulda">Annals of Fulda</a></i> his title is <i>dux Sorabici limitis</i>, "duke of the Sorbian frontier", but he and his successors were commonly known as <i>duces Thuringorum</i>, "dukes of the Thuringians", as they set about establishing their power over the old duchy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Thachulf's death in 873, the Sorbs rose in revolt and he was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Radulf_II,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Radulf II, Duke of Thuringia">Radulf</a>. In 880, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">King Louis</a> replaced Radulf with <a href="/wiki/Poppo,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Poppo, Duke of Thuringia">Poppo</a>, perhaps a kinsman. Poppo instigated a war with Saxony in 882 and in 883 he and his brother <a href="/wiki/Egino,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Egino, Duke of Thuringia">Egino</a> fought a civil war for control of Thuringia, in which the latter was victorious.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egino died in 886 and Poppo resumed command. In 892, <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">King Arnulf</a> replaced Poppo with <a href="/wiki/Conrad,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Conrad, Duke of Thuringia">Conrad</a>. This was an act of patronage by the king, for Conrad's house, the <a href="/wiki/Conradines" title="Conradines">Conradines</a>, were soon feuding with Poppo's, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Babenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Babenberg">Babenbergs</a>. But Conrad's rule was short, perhaps because he had a lack of local support.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Burchard,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Burchard, Duke of Thuringia">Burchard</a>, whose title in 903 was <i>marchio Thuringionum</i>, "margrave of the Thuringians". Burchard had to defend Thuringia from the incursions of the <a href="/wiki/Magyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyars">Magyars</a> and was defeated and killed in battle, along with the former duke Egino, on 3 August 908.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the last recorded duke of Thuringia. The duchy was the smallest of the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Stem_duchy" title="Stem duchy">younger stem duchies</a>", and was absorbed by Saxony after Burchard's death,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Burchard's sons were finally expelled by Duke <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry the Fowler</a> in 913. The Thuringians remained a distinct people, and in the Middle Ages their land was organised as the Landgraviate of Thuringia.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landgraviate">Landgraviate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Landgraviate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wartburg_von_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wartburg_von_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg/220px-Wartburg_von_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wartburg_von_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg/330px-Wartburg_von_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Wartburg_von_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg/440px-Wartburg_von_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>Wartburg Castle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landgraviate_of_Thuringia_locator_map_(1250).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Landgraviate_of_Thuringia_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/220px-Landgraviate_of_Thuringia_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Landgraviate_of_Thuringia_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/330px-Landgraviate_of_Thuringia_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Landgraviate_of_Thuringia_locator_map_%281250%29.svg/440px-Landgraviate_of_Thuringia_locator_map_%281250%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="9593" /></a><figcaption>The Landgraviate of Thuringia within the Empire around the middle of the 13th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>A separate Thuringian stem duchy did not exist during the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">German kingdom</a> from <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> in the 10th century. Large parts of the Thuringian estates were controlled by the Counts of <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Meissen" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate of Meissen">Margraves of Meissen</a>. According to the medieval chronicler <a href="/wiki/Thietmar_of_Merseburg" title="Thietmar of Merseburg">Thietmar of Merseburg</a>, Margrave <a href="/wiki/Eckard_I,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Eckard I, Margrave of Meissen">Eckard I</a> (d. 1002) was appointed Thuringian duke. After his assassination 1002, Count <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Weimar" title="William II of Weimar">William II of Weimar</a> acted as Thuringian spokesman with King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II of Germany</a>. In 1111/12 Count <a href="/wiki/Herman_I,_Count_of_Winzenburg" title="Herman I, Count of Winzenburg">Herman I of Winzenburg</a> is documented as a Thuringian landgrave, the first mention of a secession from Saxony, however, he later had to yield as he sided with the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Papacy</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a>. </p><p>Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Franconia" title="Duchy of Franconia">Franconian</a> aristocrat <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Springer" title="Louis the Springer">Louis the Springer</a> (1042–1123) laid the foundations for the erection of <a href="/wiki/Wartburg" title="Wartburg">Wartburg</a> Castle, which became the residence of his descendants who, beginning with his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia">Louis I</a>, served as Thuringian landgraves. Louis I had married the <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Franconia" title="Rhenish Franconia">Rhenish Franconian</a> countess <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Gudensberg" title="Hedwig of Gudensberg">Hedwig of Gudensberg</a> and became the heir of extended estates in Thuringia and <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>. A close ally of King <a href="/wiki/Lothair_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II of Germany</a> against the rising <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen dynasty</a>, he was appointed Landgrave of Thuringia in 1131. The dynasty maintained the landgraviate throughout the fierce struggle of the Hohenstaufen and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Welf" title="House of Welf">Welf</a> royal families, occasionally switching sides according to the circumstances. </p><p>Beside the Wartburg, the Ludowingian landgraves had further lavish residences erected, like <a href="/wiki/Neuenburg_Castle_(Freyburg)" title="Neuenburg Castle (Freyburg)">Neuenburg Castle</a> ("New Castle") near <a href="/wiki/Freyburg,_Germany" title="Freyburg, Germany">Freyburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marburg_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Marburg Castle">Marburg Castle</a> in their Hessian estates. In the "Golden Age" under Hohenstaufen rule, Thuringia became a centre of <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German" title="Middle High German">Middle High German</a> culture, epitomized by the legendary <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ngerkrieg" title="Sängerkrieg">Sängerkrieg</a></i> at the Wartburg, or the ministry of Saint <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Hungary" title="Elizabeth of Hungary">Elizabeth</a>, the daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Andrew_II_of_Hungary" title="Andrew II of Hungary">Andrew II of Hungary</a>. When Landgrave <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia">Louis IV</a> married her in 1221, the Ludowingian dynasty had accomplished the advancement to one of the mightiest princely houses of the Holy Roman Empire. Under the rule of the landgraves <a href="/wiki/German_town_law" title="German town law">town privileges</a> were conferred to <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nordhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial City of Nordhausen">Nordhausen</a> which became <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free imperial cities</a>, while the largest city <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> remained a possession of the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Mainz" title="Electorate of Mainz">Prince-Archbishops of Mainz</a>. The landgraves maintained close ties with the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a>, the order established several <a href="/wiki/Commandry_(feudalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandry (feudalism)">commandries</a> east of the Saale, as in <a href="/wiki/Altenburg" title="Altenburg">Altenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schleiz" title="Schleiz">Schleiz</a>, with the administrative seat of the Thuringian bailiwick in Zwätzen near <a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ingeram_Codex_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ingeram_Codex_043.jpg/220px-Ingeram_Codex_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ingeram_Codex_043.jpg/330px-Ingeram_Codex_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ingeram_Codex_043.jpg/440px-Ingeram_Codex_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="949" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the Landgraviates of Hesse and Thuringia, <i>Codex Ingeram</i>, c. 1459</figcaption></figure> <p>The last Thuringian landgrave <a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia">Henry Raspe</a> reached his appointment as German governor by the Hohenstaufen emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> in 1242. However, when Frederick was declared deposed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a> in 1246, he secured the support by the archbishops <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_III_(archbishop_of_Mainz)" title="Siegfried III (archbishop of Mainz)">Siegfried III of Mainz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konrad_von_Hochstaden" title="Konrad von Hochstaden">Conrad of Cologne</a> and had himself <a href="/wiki/Imperial_election" title="Imperial election">elected</a> German <a href="/wiki/Anti-king" title="Anti-king">anti-king</a>. Mocked as <i>rex clericorum</i> his rule remained disputed, though he was able to defeat the troops of Frederick's son <a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a> he died one year later. His heritage was claimed by both the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">Wettin</a> margrave <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Henry III, Margrave of Meissen">Henry III of Meissen</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Thuringia" title="Judith of Thuringia">Judith of Thuringia</a>, and Duchess <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Thuringia,_Duchess_of_Brabant" title="Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess of Brabant">Sophie of Brabant</a>, daughter of late Landgrave Louis IV - a conflict that led to the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Thuringian_Succession" title="War of the Thuringian Succession">War of the Thuringian Succession</a>. </p><p>As a result, Henry of Meissen gained the bulk of Thuringia in 1264, while the Hessian possessions of the landgraves were separated as the <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse" title="Landgraviate of Hesse">Landgraviate of Hesse</a> under the rule of Sophie's son <a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse">Henry I</a>. The Meissen margraves of the Wettin dynasty retained the landgravial title. Upon the death of Margrave <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Margrave_of_Meissen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick III, Margrave of Meissen">Frederick III of Meissen</a> his younger brothers divided their heritage in the 1382 <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Chemnitz" title="Division of Chemnitz">Division of Chemnitz</a>, whereby Thuringia passed to <a href="/wiki/Balthasar,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Balthasar, Landgrave of Thuringia">Balthasar</a>. Upon the death of Landgrave <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Frederick IV, Landgrave of Thuringia">Frederick IV</a> in 1440, Thuringia fell to his nephew Elector <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Frederick II, Elector of Saxony">Frederick II of Saxony</a>. The inheritance conflict with his brother <a href="/wiki/William_III,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="William III, Landgrave of Thuringia">William III</a> led to the 1445 <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Altenburg" title="Division of Altenburg">Division of Altenburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saxon_Fratricidal_War" title="Saxon Fratricidal War">Saxon Fratricidal War</a> over the Wettin lands. The Thuringian lands fell to William III when he died childless in 1482. Elector <a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Ernest, Elector of Saxony">Ernest</a> inherited the landgraviate, uniting the Wettin lands under his rule. After the 1485 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Leipzig" title="Treaty of Leipzig">Treaty of Leipzig</a>, Thuringia split into the Saxon <a href="/wiki/Ernestine_duchies" title="Ernestine duchies">Ernestine</a> and Albertine duchies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rulers">Rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thuringia" title="List of rulers of Thuringia">List of rulers of Thuringia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dukes">Dukes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dukes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>"Older" stem duchy</dt></dl> <ul><li>632–642 <a href="/wiki/Radulf,_King_of_Thuringia" title="Radulf, King of Thuringia">Radulf (I)</a></li> <li>642–687 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heden_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heden I (page does not exist)">Heden I</a></li> <li>687–689 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gozbert,_Duke_of_Thuringia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gozbert, Duke of Thuringia (page does not exist)">Gozbert</a></li> <li>689–719 <a href="/wiki/Heden_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Heden II">Heden II</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>"Younger" stem duchy</dt></dl> <ul><li>849–873 <a href="/wiki/Thachulf,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Thachulf, Duke of Thuringia">Thachulf</a></li> <li>874–880 <a href="/wiki/Radulf_II,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Radulf II, Duke of Thuringia">Radulf (II)</a></li> <li>880–892 <a href="/wiki/Poppo,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Poppo, Duke of Thuringia">Poppo</a></li> <li>882–886 <a href="/wiki/Egino,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Egino, Duke of Thuringia">Egino</a> (in opposition)</li> <li>892–906 <a href="/wiki/Conrad,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Conrad, Duke of Thuringia">Conrad</a></li> <li>907–908 <a href="/wiki/Burchard,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Burchard, Duke of Thuringia">Burchard</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landgraves">Landgraves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Landgraves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1111/12 <a href="/wiki/Herman_I,_Count_of_Winzenburg" title="Herman I, Count of Winzenburg">Herman of Winzenburg</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Ludowingians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludowingians">Ludowingians</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>1131–1140 <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia">Louis I</a></li> <li>1140–1172 <a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia">Louis II</a></li> <li>1172–1190 <a href="/wiki/Louis_III,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia">Louis III</a></li> <li>1190–1217 <a href="/wiki/Hermann_I,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia">Hermann I</a></li> <li>1217–1227 <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia">Louis IV</a></li> <li>1227–1241 <a href="/wiki/Hermann_II,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Hermann II, Landgrave of Thuringia">Hermann II</a></li> <li>1241–1247 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia">Henry Raspe</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wettin" title="House of Wettin">House of Wettin</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>1247–1265 <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Henry III, Margrave of Meissen">Henry III, Margrave of Meissen</a></li> <li>1265–1294 <a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Albert II, Margrave of Meissen">Albert II</a>, Margrave of Meissen 1288–1292</li></ul> <p><i>purchased by King <a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf, King of Germany">Adolph of Germany</a> 1294–1298</i> </p> <ul><li>1298–1323 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen">Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen</a>, jointly with his brother <ul><li>1298–1307 <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_IV,_Landgrave_of_Lusatia" title="Theodoric IV, Landgrave of Lusatia">Theodoric IV, Landgrave of Lusatia</a></li></ul></li> <li>1323–1349 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen">Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen</a></li> <li>1349–1381 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia">Frederick III</a>, jointly with his brothers <ul><li>1349–1382 <a href="/wiki/William_I,_Margrave_of_Meissen" title="William I, Margrave of Meissen">William I</a></li> <li>1349–1406 <a href="/wiki/Balthasar,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Balthasar, Landgrave of Thuringia">Balthasar</a>, sole ruler from 1382</li></ul></li> <li>1406–1440 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Landgrave_of_Thuringia" title="Frederick IV, Landgrave of Thuringia">Frederick IV</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBjork2010" class="citation book cs1">Bjork, Robert, ed. (2010-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages</i></a> (1 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. Thuringia. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198662624.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866262-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866262-4"><bdi>978-0-19-866262-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=Thuringia&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198662624.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-866262-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198662624.001.0001%2Facref-9780198662624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Thuringia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuter1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Reuter" title="Timothy Reuter">Reuter, Timothy</a> (1991). <i>Germany in the Early Middle Ages, 800–1056</i>. New York: Longman. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0582081564" title="Special:BookSources/0582081564"><bdi>0582081564</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+in+the+Early+Middle+Ages%2C+800%E2%80%931056&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0582081564&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Thuringia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2001" class="citation book cs1">Curta, Florin (2001). <i>The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, ca. 500–700</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61, 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521802024" title="Special:BookSources/0521802024"><bdi>0521802024</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Slavs%3A+History+and+Archaeology+of+the+Lower+Danube+Region%2C+ca.+500%E2%80%93700&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=61%2C+109&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0521802024&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Thuringia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2000" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Ian (2000). "Before or After Mission: Social Relations across the Middle and Lower Rhine in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries". In Hansen, Inge Lyse; Wickham, Chris (eds.). <i>The Long Eighth Century: Production, Distribution and Demand</i>. Leiden: Brill. pp. 149–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004117237" title="Special:BookSources/9004117237"><bdi>9004117237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Before+or+After+Mission%3A+Social+Relations+across+the+Middle+and+Lower+Rhine+in+the+Seventh+and+Eighth+Centuries&rft.btitle=The+Long+Eighth+Century%3A+Production%2C+Distribution+and+Demand&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=149-166&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9004117237&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Thuringia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlynn2020" class="citation web cs1">Flynn, Christopher (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/215157/Flynn_umn_0130E_21224.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"Military History in East Francia under King Louis the German (c. 825-876)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>University of Minnesota</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Minnesota&rft.atitle=Military+History+in+East+Francia+under+King+Louis+the+German+%28c.+825-876%29&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconservancy.umn.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F11299%2F215157%2FFlynn_umn_0130E_21224.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Thuringia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuter1992" class="citation book cs1">Reuter, Timothy, ed. (1992). <i>The Annals of Fulda</i>. Manchester Medieval Series, Ninth-Century Histories, vol. II. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0719034574" title="Special:BookSources/0719034574"><bdi>0719034574</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+Fulda&rft.place=Manchester&rft.series=Manchester+Medieval+Series%2C+Ninth-Century+Histories%2C+vol.+II&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0719034574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Thuringia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuter, <i>Annals of Fulda</i>, s. a. 882 and 883.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuter, <i>Germany in the Early Middle Ages</i>, 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuter, <i>Germany in the Early Middle Ages</i>, 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantosuosso2004" class="citation book cs1">Santosuosso, Antonio (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/barbariansmaraud0000sant"><i>Barbarians, Marauders, and Infidels: The Ways of Medieval Warfare</i></a></span>. New York: MJF Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/barbariansmaraud0000sant/page/148">148</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813391539" title="Special:BookSources/0813391539"><bdi>0813391539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barbarians%2C+Marauders%2C+and+Infidels%3A+The+Ways+of+Medieval+Warfare&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=MJF+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0813391539&rft.aulast=Santosuosso&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbarbariansmaraud0000sant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Thuringia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1985" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Otis C. (1985). <i>Two German Crowns: Monarchy and Empire in Medieval Germany</i>. Bristol, IN: Wyndham Hall Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0932269664" title="Special:BookSources/0932269664"><bdi>0932269664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+German+Crowns%3A+Monarchy+and+Empire+in+Medieval+Germany&rft.place=Bristol%2C+IN&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Wyndham+Hall+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0932269664&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Otis+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Thuringia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reuter, <i>Germany in the Early Middle Ages</i>, 133.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gerd Tellenbach. <i>Königtum und Stämme in der Werdezeit des Deutschen Reiches</i>. Quellen und Studien zur Verfassungsgeschichte des Deutschen Reiches in Mittelalter und Neuzeit, vol. 7, pt. 4. Weimar, 1939.</li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&oldid=1236073668">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Thuringia&oldid=1236073668</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_states_and_territories_of_Thuringia" title="Category:Former states and territories of Thuringia">Former states and territories of Thuringia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:630s_establishments" title="Category:630s establishments">630s establishments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:7th-century_establishments_in_Germany" title="Category:7th-century establishments in Germany">7th-century establishments in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Duchies_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire">Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_flag_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thuringia_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Thuringia articles missing geocoordinate data">Thuringia articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 July 2024, at 19:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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