中国科学院力学所提出一种加工硬化新策略并创造记录级力学性能—论文

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float: right"> 选择字号：<span onclick="showsize(12)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">小</span> <span onclick="showsize(14)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer">中</span> <span onclick="showsize(16)" style="background-color: #587c19; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; cursor: pointer"> 大</span> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div id="content1" style="width: 94%; font: 14px 宋体; text-align: left; line-height: 24px; word-wrap: break-word"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td height="20"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px"> <b></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" class="style1" style="font-size: 22px; color: #587c19; font-family: 黑体; line-height: 30px"> 中国科学院力学所提出一种加工硬化新策略并创造记录级力学性能</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="middle" class="style1" style="font-size: 13px; color: #333333; font-family: 宋体; line-height: 20px;"> <b></b></td> </tr> </table> <p>  </p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 金属材料永恒的力学性能追求是同时兼具高强度和大塑性。然而，高强度往往导致低塑性瓶颈，其原因是高强度下位错难以形成并储存，严重降低了加工硬化能力。为此，中国<font class="frd">科学院</font>力学研究所武晓雷研究员领导的研究团队，提出了一种加工硬化新策略，即利用并控制已经发生的塑性失稳实现加工硬化，并据此策略获得了记录级力学性能。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 2024年4月11日，相关研究成果以“Harnessing instability for work hardening in multi-principal element alloys”为题在线发表于<em>Nature Materials</em>期刊上。论文通讯作者为武晓雷研究员，共同第一作者为徐博文、段慧超和陈雪飞博士。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 加工硬化是金属结构材料拉伸塑性的基础，其前提是拉伸变形时在晶粒内部形成、增殖并储存的位错—位错之间以及位错与界面和析出相等的交互作用引起的加工硬化。当晶粒细化至纳米尺度时，晶粒内部则很难产生并储存位错，降低了加工硬化能力，引起低塑性瓶颈。在高强度纳米结构金属中，如何形成并储存位错是实现其加工硬化的难题，更是挑战。近年来，少数超强钢和多主元合金获得了2 GPa左右的屈服强度和大于10%的拉伸塑性。上述合金，要么是易于发生马氏体相变的亚稳态结构，要么内部具有高密度的纳米析出相。然而，在大多数传统合金中，既没有纳米析出相也不存在马氏体相变，如果这些合金的屈服强度被提升至2.0 GPa左右，其加工硬化能力不足的问题仍然没有得到解决。</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 在这项工作中，团队制备了多主元VCoNi合金纳米结构，面心立方结构的纳米晶粒包含亚纳米尺度化学短程有序和第二相L1<sub>2</sub>金属间化合物。纳米结构的初始拉伸变形是吕德斯带（Lüders band）扩展，研究人员发现：一旦吕德斯带开始扩展，在其前端就已经发生了塑性失稳、即早期颈缩（premature necking），在颈缩处随即形成了三轴应力状态，促进了高密度位错的快速产生，其中位错密度增量为9.3×10<sup>14</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>，位错增殖速度为4.6×10<sup>13</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>。这些位错引起了林位错加工硬化和异质变形诱导硬化，后者是几何必需位错与化学短程有序的应变场之间交互作用的结果。在吕德斯带扩展过程中，加工硬化体现出关键作用—反过来抑制并稳定住了吕德斯带的失稳扩展，还能使纳米结构进行均匀变形。据此，研究人员克服了高强纳米结构的低塑性瓶颈，得到屈服强度2.0 GPa和拉伸塑性16%的室温准静态拉伸性能，这两个性能在<font class="frd">极端</font>低温（即液氦和液氮温度）下提升到了前所未有的2.2 GPa和20%。这些结果展现了一个另辟蹊径的加工硬化策略，即“低加工硬化能力引起早期塑性失稳—失稳则诱导位错产生和加工硬化—加工硬化反过来抑制失稳”，是一个“抑制失稳”而非传统“推迟失稳”的加工硬化策略。</p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img _src="/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286441292421241500.png" src="https://news.sciencenet.cn/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286441292421241500.png" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif;" title="图片1.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>图1：多主元VCoNi合金的初始微结构。</strong></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img _src="/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286352234689868267.png" src="https://news.sciencenet.cn/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286352234689868267.png" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif;" title="图片2.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>图2：室/低温力学性能和强度-塑性匹配。</strong></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img _src="/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286442856767012255.png" src="https://news.sciencenet.cn/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286442856767012255.png" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif;" title="图片3.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>图3：吕德斯带前端的早期颈缩、塑性响应和位错增殖。</strong></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img _src="/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845300836606734020219.png" alt="000.png" src="https://news.sciencenet.cn/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845300836606734020219.png" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif;" title="000.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>图4：拉伸变形后晶粒内部的位错行为。</strong></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img _src="/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286391292433155414.png" src="https://news.sciencenet.cn/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286391292433155414.png" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif;" title="图片5.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>图5：吕德斯带扩展和均匀变形过程中的加工硬化。</strong></p> <p style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"> <img _src="/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286335043428582653.png" src="https://news.sciencenet.cn/myeditor/net/upload/image/20240411/6384845286335043428582653.png" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif;" title="6.png" /></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> <strong>图6：通过利用并控制早期颈缩实现加工硬化。</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 此工作拓展了长期以来教科书中对于吕德斯带变形的传统理解，揭示了高强纳米结构中之前未知的吕德斯带变形物理，并为研发高力学性能化金属材料及其<font class="frd">极端</font>环境应用提供了新思路。（来源：科学网）</p> <p style="text-indent:2em"> 相关论文信息：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01871-7" target="_blank"><span style="text-indent: 2em;">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01871-7</span></a></p> <div style="border-bottom: solid 1px #bfc89d; 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中国科学院力学所提出一种加工硬化新策略并创造记录级力学性能—论文—科学网