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id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="دير سوميلا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دير سوميلا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCmela_monastr%C4%B1" title="Sümela monastrı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sümela monastrı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Света Богородица Сумела – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Света Богородица Сумела" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monestir_de_la_Sant%C3%ADssima_Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_de_Sumel%C3%A0" title="Monestir de la Santíssima Mare de Déu de Sumelà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monestir de la Santíssima Mare de Déu de Sumelà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Sumela" title="Klášter Sumela – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klášter Sumela" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloster_Sumela" title="Kloster Sumela – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kloster Sumela" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC" title="Παναγία Σουμελά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παναγία Σουμελά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasterio_de_Sumela" title="Monasterio de Sumela – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monasterio de Sumela" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona%C4%A5ejo_S%C3%BCmela" title="Monaĥejo Sümela – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monaĥejo Sümela" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7" title="صومعه سوملا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صومعه سوملا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monast%C3%A8re_de_Sumela" title="Monastère de Sumela – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monastère de Sumela" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Սումելա վանք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սումելա վանք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biara_Sumela" title="Biara Sumela – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biara Sumela" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastero_di_Sumela" title="Monastero di Sumela – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monastero di Sumela" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="სუმელა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუმელა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumelos_vienuolynas" title="Sumelos vienuolynas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sumelos vienuolynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Манастир Сумела – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Манастир Сумела" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biara_Sumela" title="Biara Sumela – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biara Sumela" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCmelaklooster" title="Sümelaklooster – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sümelaklooster" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Sümela Manastırı – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sümela Manastırı" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaster_Sumela" title="Monaster Sumela – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monaster Sumela" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosteiro_de_Sumela" title="Mosteiro de Sumela – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mosteiro de Sumela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Панагия Сумела – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панагия Сумела" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samostan_Sumela" title="Samostan Sumela – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Samostan Sumela" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Манастир Сумела – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манастир Сумела" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சுமேலா குருமார் மடம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுமேலா குருமார் மடம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Sümela Manastırı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sümela Manastırı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Панагія Сумела – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панагія Сумела" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_vi%E1%BB%87n_S%C3%BCmela" title="Tu viện Sümela – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tu viện Sümela" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2" title="苏美拉修道院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏美拉修道院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sumela_Monastery&params=40_41_24_N_39_39_30_E_region:TR_type:landmark_scale:15000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°41′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°39′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.69000°N 39.65833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.69000; 39.65833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Greek Orthodox monastery and Tentative UNESCO World Heritage Site in Turkey</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Sumela Monastery "The name comes from the Laz word "sumela", which means the Holy Trinity."</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="Greek, Turkish">Μονή Παναγίας Σουμελά, Sümela Manastırı, the name comes from the Laz word "sumela", which means the Holy Trinity</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="background: #efefef;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumela_From_Across_Valley.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a large, multi-story monastery built into a cliff face." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sumela_From_Across_Valley.JPG/250px-Sumela_From_Across_Valley.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sumela_From_Across_Valley.JPG/375px-Sumela_From_Across_Valley.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sumela_From_Across_Valley.JPG/500px-Sumela_From_Across_Valley.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="2134" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-top:2pt;">View of Sumela monastery from across the valley</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="background: #efefef;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sumela Monastery is located in Turkey"><img alt="Sumela Monastery is located in Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Turkey_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Turkey_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="721" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.857%;left:72.747%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sumela Monastery"><img alt="Sumela Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Turkey</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E663CA; color:black;">Monastery information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 386 CE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disestablished</th><td class="infobox-data">1923</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E663CA; color:black;">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Ruins</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Functional status</th><td class="infobox-data">Tourist attraction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heritage designation</th><td class="infobox-data">Tentative UNESCO World Heritage Site<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E663CA; color:black;">Site</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka" title="Maçka">Maçka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trabzon_Province" title="Trabzon Province">Trabzon Province</a>, Turkey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sumela_Monastery&params=40_41_24_N_39_39_30_E_region:TR_type:landmark_scale:15000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°41′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°39′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.69000°N 39.65833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.69000; 39.65833</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public access</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sumela.gov.tr">www<wbr />.sumela<wbr />.gov<wbr />.tr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG/250px-Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG/375px-Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG/500px-Sumela_Showing_Location.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The monastery is on a ledge in a steep cliff</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumela.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sumela.JPG/250px-Sumela.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sumela.JPG/375px-Sumela.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Sumela.JPG 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Sumela Monastery as illustrated in a postcard addressed in 1903</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soumela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Soumela.jpg/250px-Soumela.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Soumela.jpg/375px-Soumela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Soumela.jpg/500px-Soumela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The "back yard" of the monastery today</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sumela Monastery</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Μονή Παναγίας Σουμελά</span>, <i>Moní Panagías Soumelá</i>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Sümela Manastırı</i>) is a museum and former <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Greek Orthodox</a> monastery in the <a href="/wiki/Pontic_Mountains" title="Pontic Mountains">Pontic Mountains</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ka" title="Maçka">Maçka</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Trabzon_Province" title="Trabzon Province">Trabzon Province</a> in modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. </p><p>Nestled in a steep cliff at an elevation of about 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) facing the <a href="/wiki/Alt%C4%B1ndere_Valley_National_Park" title="Altındere Valley National Park">Altındere valley</a>, it is a site of great historical and cultural significance, as well as a major tourist attraction within <a href="/wiki/Alt%C4%B1ndere_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Altındere National Park">Altındere National Park</a>. Due to an increase in rock falls, on 22 September 2015, the monastery was closed to the public for safety reasons for the duration of one year to resolve the problem; this was later extended to three years. It reopened to tourists 25 May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-anadolu-2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anadolu-2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monastery is one of the most important historic and touristic venues in Trabzon.<sup id="cite_ref-tunnel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tunnel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumela_Monastery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soumela comes from the Greek "Sou Melá", meaning "of black (mountain)" (as in the dark/black mountain).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumela_Monastery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not known when the monastery was founded, but the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism places the date around AD 386, during the reign of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a> (375–395 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-kultur_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kultur-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(historian)" title="William Miller (historian)">William Miller</a>, two Athenian monks named Barnabas and Sophronios founded the monastery. It became famous for an <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a> known as the <i>Panagia Gorgoepekoos</i>, said to have been painted by the <a href="/wiki/Apostle_Luke" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostle Luke">Apostle Luke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During its long history, the monastery fell into ruin several times and was restored by various emperors. During the 6th century AD, it was restored and enlarged by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> general <a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a> at the behest of emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kultur_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kultur-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It reached its present form in the 13th century, after gaining prominence during the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond" title="Empire of Trebizond">Empire of Trebizond</a>. While the emperors <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Trebizond" title="Basil of Trebizond">Basil</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_Trebizond" title="John II of Trebizond">John II</a> had endowed the monastery richly, it was during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_of_Trebizond" title="Alexios III of Trebizond">Alexios III</a> (1349–1390) that Sumela received its most important largess: according to legend, the young Alexios was saved from a storm by the Theotokos, and was bidden by her to restore the monastery. A <a href="/wiki/Chrysobull" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysobull">chrysobull</a> dated to 1365 confirms the freedom and autonomy of the monastery, together with all of its hereditary lands and dependents; exempts them from all taxes, except for one biannual tax; and likewise exempts any serfs settling on that land, listing 40 serfs by name. At that time, the monastery was granted an amount annually from imperial funds. During the time of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_III_of_Trebizond" title="Manuel III of Trebizond">Manuel III</a>, son of Alexios III, and during the reigns of subsequent princes, Sumela gained further wealth from imperial grants.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the conquest by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> in 1461, it was granted the sultan's protection and given rights and privileges that were renewed by following sultans. The monastery remained a popular destination for monks and travelers through the years. </p><p>In 1682 and for the following decades, the monastery housed the <a href="/wiki/Phrontisterion_of_Trapezous" title="Phrontisterion of Trapezous">Phrontisterion of Trapezous</a>, a well-known Greek educational institution of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumela_Monastery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Campaign" title="Trebizond Campaign">Russian occupation of Trabzon (1916–1918)</a>, the Sumela Monastery was active and was visited by monks and Christian and Muslim pilgrims. In 1923, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> collapsed and after the National War of Liberation, an independent Turkish Republic was founded by Ataturk. After 1923, the Sumela Monastery was abandoned following the <a href="/wiki/Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey" title="Population exchange between Greece and Turkey">population exchange between Greece and Turkey</a> as laid down in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a>. In 1930, those who migrated founded a new monastery which they named as the new Panagia Sumela Monastery on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Vermio_Mountains" title="Vermio Mountains">Mount Vermion</a>, near the village of Kastania near <a href="/wiki/Veria" title="Veria">Veria</a>, in Macedonia, Greece. Some treasures from the old Sumela Monastery were carried to the new one in Greece. </p><p>In 1930, the wooden parts of the Sumela Monastery were destroyed by fire and in the years following other parts of the monastery were damaged and pillaged by treasure hunters. </p><p>As of 25 May 2019<sup id="cite_ref-anadolu-2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anadolu-2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Sumela Monastery is a museum open to visitors. Restoration work is funded by the Government of Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012, the Turkish government is funding reconstruction work, and the monastery is enjoying a revival in pilgrimage from Greece, Georgia and Russia. The monastery's primary function is as a tourist attraction. It overlooks forests and streams, making it popular for its aesthetics as well as its cultural and religious significance. </p><p>On 15 August 2010, <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Divine_liturgy" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine liturgy">divine liturgy</a> was allowed to take place in the monastery compound.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A special pass issued by the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> is required to visit on <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Assumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Assumption">August 15</a>, the day of the <a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormition of the Theotokos">Dormition of the Theotokos</a> or <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Assumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Assumption">Feast of the Assumption</a>, when a divine liturgy is held. Only 450 to 500 visitors are allowed inside the monastery, although widescreen televisions are available to observe the event at a nearby cafe. </p><p>On 22 September 2015, the Monastery was closed to visitors for three years due to necessary restoration and field work. It reopened on May 18, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, video footage showed modern music and dancing at the site. Amid outcry on the internet that the historic monastery was turned into a dance club, an explanation was given that this was done to promote tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_buildings">Construction and buildings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumela_Monastery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction and buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCmela_kanyon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/S%C3%BCmela_kanyon.jpg/250px-S%C3%BCmela_kanyon.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/S%C3%BCmela_kanyon.jpg/375px-S%C3%BCmela_kanyon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/S%C3%BCmela_kanyon.jpg/500px-S%C3%BCmela_kanyon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>View of Sümela</figcaption></figure> <p>The principal elements of the Monastery complex are the Rock Church, several chapels, kitchens, student rooms, a guesthouse, a library, and a sacred spring revered by <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a>. </p><p>The large aqueduct at the entrance, which supplied water to the Monastery, is constructed against the side of the cliff. The aqueduct has many arches which have mostly been restored. The entrance to the Monastery leads up a long and narrow stairway. There is a guard-room next to the entrance. The stairs lead down from there to the inner courtyard. On the left, in front of a cave, there are several monastery buildings. The cave, which was converted into a church, constitutes the center of the monastery. The library is to the right. </p><p>The large building with a balcony on the front part of the cliff was used for the monks' cells and for housing guests. It dates from 1840. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumela_Monastery_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sumela_Monastery_04.jpg/250px-Sumela_Monastery_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sumela_Monastery_04.jpg/375px-Sumela_Monastery_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sumela_Monastery_04.jpg/500px-Sumela_Monastery_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Restoration works in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>The inner and outer walls of the Rock Church and the walls of the adjacent chapel are decorated with frescoes. Frescoes dating from the era of <a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_of_Trebizond" title="Alexios III of Trebizond">Alexios III of Trebizond</a> line the inner wall of the Rock Church facing the courtyard. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The frescoes of the chapel which were painted on three levels in three different periods are dated to the beginning of the 18th century. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r.jpg/250px-S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r.jpg/375px-S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r.jpg/500px-S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2742" data-file-height="1542" /></a><figcaption>After restoration</figcaption></figure> <p>The frescoes of the monastery are seriously damaged due to vandalism. The main subject of the frescoes are biblical scenes telling the story of Jesus and the Virgin Mary. </p><p>During the 2015–2017 restoration works, a secret tunnel was discovered which lead to a place which is believed to have served as a temple or chapel for Christians. Also, unseen frescoes were discovered depicting heaven and hell as well as life and death.<sup id="cite_ref-tunnel_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tunnel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumela_Monastery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sümela"><img alt="Sümela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r.jpg/88px-S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r.jpg/132px-S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r.jpg/176px-S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="5438" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sümela</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r%C4%B102.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r%C4%B102.jpg/120px-S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r%C4%B102.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r%C4%B102.jpg/180px-S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r%C4%B102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r%C4%B102.jpg/240px-S%C3%BCmela_manast%C4%B1r%C4%B102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4311" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumela_interior.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior"><img alt="Interior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sumela_interior.JPG/120px-Sumela_interior.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sumela_interior.JPG/180px-Sumela_interior.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sumela_interior.JPG/240px-Sumela_interior.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_i%C3%A7_k%C4%B1sm%C4%B1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_i%C3%A7_k%C4%B1sm%C4%B1.jpg/120px-S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_i%C3%A7_k%C4%B1sm%C4%B1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_i%C3%A7_k%C4%B1sm%C4%B1.jpg/180px-S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_i%C3%A7_k%C4%B1sm%C4%B1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_i%C3%A7_k%C4%B1sm%C4%B1.jpg/240px-S%C3%BCmela_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_i%C3%A7_k%C4%B1sm%C4%B1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumela_view3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sumela_view3.JPG/90px-Sumela_view3.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sumela_view3.JPG/135px-Sumela_view3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sumela_view3.JPG/180px-Sumela_view3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon,_Turkey_-_panoramio_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/67px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/101px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg/135px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1151" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon,_Turkey_-_panoramio_(16).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2816%29.jpg/67px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2816%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2816%29.jpg/101px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2816%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2816%29.jpg/135px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2816%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1151" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon,_Turkey_-_panoramio_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/120px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/180px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/240px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1151" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Sumela_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Sumela_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Sumela_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Sumela_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Sumela_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Sumela_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1ter_Sumela_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon,_Turkey_-_panoramio_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/120px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/180px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/240px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1151" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon,_Turkey_-_panoramio_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/120px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/180px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/240px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1151" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresco_in_Sumela_monestary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fresco_in_Sumela_monestary.jpg/78px-Fresco_in_Sumela_monestary.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fresco_in_Sumela_monestary.jpg/117px-Fresco_in_Sumela_monestary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Fresco_in_Sumela_monestary.jpg/155px-Fresco_in_Sumela_monestary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="3196" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panagia_Soumela_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC_(39670786834).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Panagia_Soumela_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC_%2839670786834%29.jpg/120px-Panagia_Soumela_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC_%2839670786834%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Panagia_Soumela_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC_%2839670786834%29.jpg/180px-Panagia_Soumela_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AC_%2839670786834%29.jpg 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rock_Church%2C_Sumela.JPG/240px-Rock_Church%2C_Sumela.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rock Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sumela_monastery_in_province_of_Trabzon,_Turkey_view_from_the_road.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sumela_monastery_in_province_of_Trabzon%2C_Turkey_view_from_the_road.JPG/120px-Sumela_monastery_in_province_of_Trabzon%2C_Turkey_view_from_the_road.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Sumela_monastery_in_province_of_Trabzon%2C_Turkey_view_from_the_road.JPG/180px-Sumela_monastery_in_province_of_Trabzon%2C_Turkey_view_from_the_road.JPG 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2813%29.jpg/180px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2813%29.jpg/240px-61750_Alt%C4%B1ndere-Ma%C3%A7ka-Trabzon%2C_Turkey_-_panoramio_%2813%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1151" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alt%C4%B1ndere_Valley_National_Park_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Alt%C4%B1ndere_Valley_National_Park_13.jpg/120px-Alt%C4%B1ndere_Valley_National_Park_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Alt%C4%B1ndere_Valley_National_Park_13.jpg/180px-Alt%C4%B1ndere_Valley_National_Park_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Alt%C4%B1ndere_Valley_National_Park_13.jpg/240px-Alt%C4%B1ndere_Valley_National_Park_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/120px-S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/180px-S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/240px-S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/120px-S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/180px-S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/240px-S%C3%BCmela_Manastiri_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3927" data-file-height="2574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumela_Monastery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Trabzon" title="Hagia Sophia, Trabzon">Hagia Sophia, Trabzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokissos" title="Mokissos">Mokissos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumela_Monastery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1397/">"Sümela Monastery (The Monastery of Virgin Mary)"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i>. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=S%C3%BCmela+Monastery+%28The+Monastery+of+Virgin+Mary%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F1397%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anadolu-2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anadolu-2019_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anadolu-2019_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYardimci2019" class="citation web cs1">Yardimci, Tugba (31 Jul 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/culture/turkeys-sumela-monastery-aims-to-host-500-000-tourists/1545887">"Turkey's Sumela Monastery aims to host 500,000 tourists"</a>. Anadolu Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Sumela+Monastery+aims+to+host+500%2C000+tourists&rft.pub=Anadolu+Agency&rft.date=2019-07-31&rft.aulast=Yardimci&rft.aufirst=Tugba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fturkeys-sumela-monastery-aims-to-host-500-000-tourists%2F1545887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tunnel-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tunnel_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tunnel_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/secret-tunnel-discovered-in-sumela-monastery-124552">"Secret tunnel discovered in Sümela Monastery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a></i>. Trabzon, Turkey. Anadolu Agency. December 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Secret+tunnel+discovered+in+S%C3%BCmela+Monastery&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fsecret-tunnel-discovered-in-sumela-monastery-124552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(historian)" title="William Miller (historian)">William Miller</a>, <i>Trebizond: The last Greek Empire of the Byzantine Era: 1204-1461</i>, 1926 (Chicago: Argonaut, 1969), p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kultur-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kultur_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kultur_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121659/http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313E603BF9486D4371D91FBF5F1F3911EBA">"Sümela Monastery"</a>. <i>kultur.gov.tr</i>. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Turkey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313E603BF9486D4371D91FBF5F1F3911EBA">the original</a> on September 29, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kultur.gov.tr&rft.atitle=S%C3%BCmela+Monastery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kultur.gov.tr%2FEN%2FBelgeGoster.aspx%3F17A16AE30572D313E603BF9486D4371D91FBF5F1F3911EBA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bW06PE0GRXEC&dq=sumela+monastery&pg=PA172"><i>The Heritage of Eastern Turkey: From Earliest Settlements to Islam</i></a>. Macmillan Education AU. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781876832056" title="Special:BookSources/9781876832056"><bdi>9781876832056</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Heritage+of+Eastern+Turkey%3A+From+Earliest+Settlements+to+Islam&rft.pub=Macmillan+Education+AU&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781876832056&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbW06PE0GRXEC%26dq%3Dsumela%2Bmonastery%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gunebakis.com.tr/haber/16101637/sumelada-ayin-10-kez-gerceklestirildi">The ritual was held for the 10th time in Sümela!</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktb.gov.tr/EN-113781/sumela-monastry.html">"Sümela Monastry: RELIGIOUS MONUMENTS"</a>. <i>ktb.gov.tr</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-14</span></span> – via ehw.gr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%2C+%CE%9C.+%CE%91%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1&rft.atitle=%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF+%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82+%5BPhrontisterion+of+Trapezous%5D&rft.aulast=Salvanou&rft.aufirst=Emilia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehw.gr%2Fasiaminor%2FForms%2FfLemmaBodyExtended.aspx%3FlemmaID%3D6622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sumela.com/listingview.php?listingID=4">"Sumela Monastery History"</a>. <i>sumela.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sumela.com&rft.atitle=Sumela+Monastery+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sumela.com%2Flistingview.php%3FlistingID%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.net/2010/08/15/rare-orthodox-mass-held-at-turkish-monastery/">"Rare Orthodox mass held at Turkish monastery"</a>. <i>Euronews.net</i>. 2010-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews.net&rft.atitle=Rare+Orthodox+mass+held+at+Turkish+monastery&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.net%2F2010%2F08%2F15%2Frare-orthodox-mass-held-at-turkish-monastery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMagister" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sandro_Magister" title="Sandro Magister">Magister, Sandro</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1344422?eng=y">"Dormition in Turkey. Liturgy on the Black Mountain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27espresso" class="mw-redirect" title="L'espresso">L'espresso</a></i> – via chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27espresso&rft.atitle=Dormition+in+Turkey.+Liturgy+on+the+Black+Mountain&rft.aulast=Magister&rft.aufirst=Sandro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchiesa.espresso.repubblica.it%2Farticolo%2F1344422%3Feng%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.qantara.de/wcsite.php?wc_c=8374">"Greek Orthodox Liturgy in Turkey: Uncovering the Country's Non-Muslim Cultural Heritage"</a>. <i>qantara.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=qantara.de&rft.atitle=Greek+Orthodox+Liturgy+in+Turkey%3A+Uncovering+the+Country%27s+Non-Muslim+Cultural+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.qantara.de%2Fwcsite.php%3Fwc_c%3D8374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/trabzons-famous-sumela-monastery-to-open-soon-142516">"Trabzon's famous Sümela Monastery to open soon"</a>. <i>Hürriyet Daily News</i>. 8 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Trabzon%27s+famous+S%C3%BCmela+Monastery+to+open+soon&rft.date=2019-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Ftrabzons-famous-sumela-monastery-to-open-soon-142516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthodoxtimes.com/panagia-soumela-the-historic-monastery-was-turned-into-a-club/">"Panagia Soumela: The historic monastery was turned into a club"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthodox Times (page does not exist)">Orthodox Times</a></i>. February 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orthodox+Times&rft.atitle=Panagia+Soumela%3A+The+historic+monastery+was+turned+into+a+club&rft.date=2022-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forthodoxtimes.com%2Fpanagia-soumela-the-historic-monastery-was-turned-into-a-club%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASumela+Monastery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumela_Monastery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="external text" href="http://en.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-478/_nr-1097/i.html">Greek Orthodox Liturgy in Turkey: Uncovering the Country's Non-Muslim Cultural Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turkishtravelblog.com/sumela-monastery-trabzon/">Photos of Sumela Monastery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlvarchive.org/Site/40">Photographic survey of Sumela Monastery</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UNESCO_Tentative_list_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey677" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aizanoi" title="Aizanoi">Aizanoi Antique City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">The Ancient City of Sardis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bin_Tepe" title="Bin Tepe">Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratonicea_(Caria)" title="Stratonicea (Caria)">Ancient City of Stratonikeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assos" title="Assos">Archaeological Site of Assos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Archaeological site of Laodikeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priene" title="Priene">Archaeological Site of Priene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayval%C4%B1k" title="Ayvalık">Ayvalık Industrial Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">The Bodrum Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgi" title="Birgi">Historic Town of Birgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">The Historical Port City of Izmir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mausoleum_of_Hecatomnus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mausoleum of Hecatomnus (page does not exist)">Mausoleum and Sacred area of Hecatomnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C3%A7in" title="Beçin">Medieval City of Beçin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niksar" title="Niksar">Early Period of Anatolian Turkish Heritage: Niksar, The Capital of Danishmend Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudurnu" title="Mudurnu">Historic Guild Town of Mudurnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C4%B1rmak_Delta" title="Kızılırmak Delta">Kızılırmak Delta Wetland and Bird Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Har%C5%9Fena" title="Mount Harşena">Mount Harşena</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_the_kings_of_Pontus" title="Tombs of the kings of Pontus">Rock-tombs of the Pontic Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball%C4%B1ca_Cave" title="Ballıca Cave">Nature Park of Ballıca Cave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sümela Monastery (The Monastery of Virgin Mary)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCltepe" title="Kültepe">Archaeological Site of Kültepe-Kanesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Therma" title="Basilica Therma">Basilica Therma (Sarıkaya Roma Hamamı)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hac%C4%B1_Bayram_Mosque" title="Hacı Bayram Mosque">Haci Bayram Mosque and its Surrounding Area (the Haci Bayram District)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bektash_Veli_Complex" title="Haji Bektash Veli Complex">Haci Bektas Veli Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beypazar%C4%B1" title="Beypazarı">Historic Town of Beypazarı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde" title="Niğde">Historical Monuments of Niğde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0vriz_relief" title="İvriz relief">Ivriz Cultural Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya-A capital of Seljuk Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koramaz_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koramaz Valley (page does not exist)">Koramaz Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tuz" title="Lake Tuz">Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odunpazar%C4%B1" title="Odunpazarı">Odunpazari Historical Urban Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Ahi_Evren" title="Tomb of Ahi Evren">Tomb of Ahi Evran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Aghtamar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar">Akdamar Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Kulliye" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye">Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye (Islamic-Ottoman Social Complex)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoot" title="Harpoot">Historic City of Harput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemaliye" title="Kemaliye">Historic Town of Kemaliye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishak_Pasha_Palace" title="Ishak Pasha Palace">Ishak Pasha Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tombstones_of_Ahlat_the_Urartian_and_Ottoman_citadel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tombstones of Ahlat the Urartian and Ottoman citadel">The Tombstones of Ahlat the Urartian and Ottoman citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Fortress" title="Van Fortress">Tushpa/Van Fortress, the Mound and the Old City of Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="Marmara region">Marmara<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_Bridge" title="Sangarius Bridge">The Bridge of Justinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzunk%C3%B6pr%C3%BC_Bridge" title="Uzunköprü Bridge">The Bridge of Uzunköprü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Çanakkale (Dardanelles)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Peninsula_Historical_Site" title="Gallipoli Peninsula Historical Site">Gelibolu (Gallipoli)</a> Battles Zones in the First World War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik" title="İznik">İznik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuruosmaniye_Mosque" title="Nuruosmaniye Mosque">Nuruosmaniye Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_of_Sultan_Bayezid_II" title="Complex of Sultan Bayezid II">Sultan Bayezid II Complex: A Center of Medical Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Palace" title="Yıldız Palace">Yıldız Palace Complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_region,_Turkey" title="Mediterranean region, Turkey">Mediterranean<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alahan_Monastery" title="Alahan Monastery">Alahan Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanya" title="Alanya">Alanya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Cities_of_Lycian_Civilization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization (page does not exist)">Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anazarbus" title="Anazarbus">Ancient City of Anazarbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunos" title="Kaunos">Ancient City of Kaunos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibyra">Ancient city of Kibyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corycus" title="Corycus">Ancient City of Korykos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Archaeological Site of Perge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagalassos" title="Sagalassos">Archaeological Site of Sagalassos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eflatun_P%C4%B1nar" title="Eflatun Pınar">Eflatun Pinar: The Hittite Spring Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_G%C3%BCll%C3%BCk-Termessos_National_Park" title="Mount Güllük-Termessos National Park">Güllük Dagi National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Termessos" title="Termessos">Termessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Peter" title="Church of Saint Peter">Hatay, St. Pierre Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karain_Cave" title="Karain Cave">Karain Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatepe" title="Karatepe">Karatepe-Aslantaş Archaeological Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekova" title="Kekova">Kekova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamure_Castle" title="Mamure Castle">Mamure Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Church,_Demre" title="St. Nicholas Church, Demre">St. Nicholas Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Church,_Tarsus" title="Saint Paul's Church, Tarsus">St.Paul Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Well" title="Saint Paul's Well">Saint Paul's Well</a> and surrounding historic quarters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspendos" title="Aspendos">The Theatre and Aqueducts of the Ancient City of Aspendos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasianus_Titus_Tunnel" title="Vespasianus Titus Tunnel">Vespasianus Titus Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesemek_Quarry_and_Sculpture_Workshop" title="Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop">Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yivliminare_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Yivliminare Mosque">Yivli Minaret Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern Anatolia<br />region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeugma_(Commagene)" title="Zeugma (Commagene)">Archeological Site of Zeugma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harran" title="Harran">Harran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urfa" title="Urfa">Şanlıurfa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0smail_Fakirullah_Tomb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İsmail Fakirullah Tomb (page does not exist)">Ismail Fakirullah Tomb and its Light Refraction Mechanism</a></li> <li>Late Antique and Medieval Churches and Monasteries of Midyat and Surrounding Area (<a href="/wiki/Tur_Abdin" title="Tur Abdin">Tur Abdin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabadi_Bridge" title="Malabadi Bridge">The Malabadi Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin Cultural Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livas%27_and_kastels_in_Gaziantep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livas' and kastels in Gaziantep (page does not exist)">The Underground Water Structures in Gaziantep; Livas' and Kastels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerzevan_Castle" title="Zerzevan Castle">Zerzevan Castle and Mithraeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeynel_Abidin_Mosque_Complex" title="Zeynel Abidin Mosque Complex">Zeynel Abidin Mosque Complex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Jacob_of_Nisibis" title="Church of Saint Jacob of Nisibis">Mor Yakup (Saint Jacob) Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Anatolian Seljuks Madrasahs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buruciye_Medrese" title="Buruciye Medrese">Buruciye Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cacabey_Medrese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cacabey Medrese (page does not exist)">Cacabey Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87ifte_Medrese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çifte Medrese (page does not exist)">Çifte Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ifte_Minareli_Medrese_(Erzurum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Çifte Minareli Medrese (Erzurum)">Çifte Minareli Medrese</a> (Erzurum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ifte_Minareli_Medrese_(Sivas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Çifte Minareli Medrese (Sivas)">Çifte Minareli Medrese</a> (Sivas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6k_Medrese_(Sivas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gök Medrese (Sivas)">Gök Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ince_Minaret_Medrese" class="mw-redirect" title="Ince Minaret Medrese">Ince Minaret Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatay_Madrasa,_Konya" class="mw-redirect" title="Karatay Madrasa, Konya">Karatay Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabiye_Madrasa" title="Sahabiye Madrasa">Sahabiye Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakutiye_Medrese" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakutiye Medrese">Yakutiye Medrese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountainous_Phrygia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mountainous Phrygia (page does not exist)">Mountainous Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Caravanserais_on_the_route_from_Denizli_to_Dogubeyazit" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Caravanserais on the route from Denizli to Dogubeyazit">Seljuk Caravanserais on the route from Denizli to Dogubeyazit</a></li> <li>Trading Posts and Fortifications on Genoese Trade Routes from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7akoca_Castle" title="Akçakoca Castle">Akçakoca Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Amasra Castle">Amasra Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87andarl%C4%B1_Castle" title="Çandarlı Castle">Çandarlı Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87e%C5%9Fme_Castle" title="Çeşme Castle">Çeşme Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo%C3%A7a_Castle" title="Foça Castle">Foça Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galata_Tower" title="Galata Tower">Galata Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCvercinada" title="Güvercinada">Güvercinada Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_Fortress" title="Sinop Fortress">Sinop Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoros_Castle" title="Yoros Castle">Yoros Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/48px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419157#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/239179481">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86060189">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Monē tēs Hyperagias Theotokou tēs Soumela (Trabzon, Turecko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20181017459&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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