CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: pelvic trauma</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pelvic trauma"> <meta name="keywords" content="pelvic trauma"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="pelvic trauma" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pelvic trauma"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 703</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pelvic trauma</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> Low Energy Mechanism in Pelvic Trauma at Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravid%20Yinon">Ravid Yinon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Pelvic trauma causes high mortality, particularly among the elderly population. Pelvic injury ranges from low-energy incidents such as falls to high-energy trauma like motor vehicle accidents. The mortality rate among high-energy trauma patients is higher, as can be expected. The elderly population is more vulnerable to pelvic trauma even at low energy mechanisms due to the fragility and diminished physiological reserve of these patients. The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a higher long-term mortality in pelvic injuries in the elderly from the low-energy mechanism than those injured in high energy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a level 1 trauma center with injured patients aged 65 years and over with pelvic trauma. The patients were divided into two groups of low and high-energy mechanisms of injury. Multivariate analysis was conducted to characterize the differences between the groups. Results: There were 585 consecutive injured patients over the age of 65 with a documented pelvic injury who were treated at the primary trauma center between 2008-2020. The injured in the high energy group were younger (mean HE- 75.18, LE-80.73), with fewer comorbidities (mean 0.78 comorbidities at HE and 1.28 at LE), more men (52.6% at HE and 27.4% at LE), were consumed more treatments facilities such as angioembolization, ICU admission, emergency surgeries and blood products transfusion and higher mortality rate at admission (HE- 19/133, 14.28%, LE- 10/452, 2.21%) compared to the low energy group. However, in a long-term follow-up of one year after the injury, mortality in the low-energy group was significantly higher (HE- 14/114, 12.28%, LE- 155/442, 35.06%). Discussion: Although it can be expected that in the mechanism of high energy, the mortality rate in the long term would be higher, it was found that mortality at the low energy patient was higher. Apparently, low-energy pelvic injury in geriatric patients is a measure of frailty in these patients, causes injury to more frail and morbid patients, and is a predictor of mortality in this population in the long term. Conclusion: The long-term follow-up of injured elderly with pelvic trauma should be more intense, and the healthcare provider should put more emphasis on the rehabilitation of these special patient populations in an attempt to prevent long-term mortality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma" title="pelvic trauma">pelvic trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly%20trauma" title=" elderly trauma"> elderly trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20energy%20trauma" title=" high energy trauma"> high energy trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20energy%20trauma" title=" low energy trauma"> low energy trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184640/low-energy-mechanism-in-pelvic-trauma-at-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> Predictors of Pelvic Vascular Injuries in Patients with Pelvic Fractures from Major Blunt Trauma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Zayed">Osama Zayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to assess the predictors of pelvic vascular injuries in patients with pelvic fractures from major blunt trauma. Methods: This study was conducted as a tool-assessment study. Forty six patients with pelvic fractures from major blunt trauma will be recruited to the study arriving to department of emergency, Suez Canal University Hospital. Data were collected from questionnaire including; personal data of the studied patients and full medical history, clinical examinations, outcome measures (The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for enumeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM), laboratory and imaging studies. Patients underwent surgical interventions or further investigations based on the conventional standards for interventions. All patients were followed up during conservative, operative and post-operative periods in the hospital for interpretation the predictive scores of vascular injuries. Results: Significant predictors of vascular injuries according to computed tomography (CT) scan include age, male gender, lower Glasgow coma (GCS) scores, occurrence of hypotension, mortality rate, higher physical POSSUM scores, presence of ultrasound collection, type of management, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) POSSUM scores, presence of abdominal injuries, and poor outcome. Conclusions: There was higher frequency of males than females in the studied patients. There were high probability of morbidity and low probability of mortality among patients. Our study demonstrates that POSSUM score can be used as a predictor of vascular injury in pelvis fracture patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors" title="predictors">predictors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20vascular%20injuries" title=" pelvic vascular injuries"> pelvic vascular injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20fractures" title=" pelvic fractures"> pelvic fractures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20blunt%20trauma" title=" major blunt trauma"> major blunt trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POSSUM" title=" POSSUM "> POSSUM </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11963/predictors-of-pelvic-vascular-injuries-in-patients-with-pelvic-fractures-from-major-blunt-trauma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> Bridging the Gap between Obstetric and Colorectal Services after Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shachi%20Joshi">Shachi Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pelvic dysfunction symptoms following OASI. The secondary aim was to assess the scope of a dedicated perineal trauma clinic in identifying and investigating women that have experienced faecal incontinence after OASI and if a transitional clinic arrangement to colorectal surgeons would be useful. Methods: The clinical database was used to identify and obtain information about 118 women who sustained an OASI (3rd/ 4th degree tear) between August 2016 and July 2017. A questionnaire was designed to assess symptoms of pelvic dysfunction; this was sent via the post in November 2018. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 45 women (38%). Faecal incontinence was experienced by 42% (N=19), flatus incontinence by 47% (N=21), urinary incontinence by 76% (N=34), dyspareunia by 49% (N=22) and pelvic pain by 33% (N=15). Of the questionnaire respondents, only 62% (N=28) had attended a perineal trauma clinic appointment. 46% (N=13) of these women reported having experienced difficulty controlling flatus or faeces in the questionnaire, however, only 23% (N=3) of these reported ongoing symptoms at the time of clinic attendance and underwent an endoanal ultrasound scan. Conclusion: Pelvic dysfunction symptoms are highly prevalent following an OASI. Perineal trauma clinic attendance alone is not sufficient for identification and follow up of symptoms. Transitional care is needed between obstetric and colorectal teams, to recognize and treat women with ongoing faecal incontinence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incontinence" title="incontinence">incontinence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obstetric%20anal%20sphincter" title=" obstetric anal sphincter"> obstetric anal sphincter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injury" title=" injury"> injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repair" title=" repair"> repair</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137035/bridging-the-gap-between-obstetric-and-colorectal-services-after-obstetric-anal-sphincter-injuries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Influence of Bilateral and Unilateral Flatfoot on Pelvic Alignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Taher%20Eldesoky">Mohamed Taher Eldesoky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20Elsayed%20Abutaleb"> Enas Elsayed Abutaleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The changes in foot posture possibly generate changes in the pelvic alignment, although, there is lack of evidence about the effects of bilateral and unilateral flatfoot on possible changes in pelvic alignment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of flatfoot on the sagittal and frontal planes of pelvic postures. Materials and Methods: 56 subjects, aged 18–40 years, were assigned into three groups. 20 healthy subjects, 19 subjects with bilateral flexible second-degree flat foot, and 17 subjects with unilateral flexible second-degree flat foot. 3D assessment of the pelvis using the formetric-II device was used to evaluate pelvic alignment in the frontal and sagittal planes by measuring pelvic inclination and pelvic tilt angles. Results: ANOVA test with LSD test were used for statistical analysis. Both Unilateral and bilateral second degree flatfoot produced significant (P < 0.05) pelvic anteversion in comparison to the healthy subjects (P < 0.05), but the bilateral flatfoot subjects seemed to have more anteversion than the unilateral subjects. Unilateral flatfoot caused a significant (P<0.05) lateral pelvic tilt in the direction of the affected side in comparison to the healthy and bilateral flatfoot subjects. Conclusion: The bilateral and unilateral second degree flatfoot changed pelvic alignment. Both of them led to increases of pelvic anteversion while the unilateral one caused lateral pelvic tilt toward the affected side. Thus, foot posture should be considered when assessing patients with pelvic misalignment and disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20flatfoot" title="bilateral flatfoot">bilateral flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unilateral%20flatfoot" title=" unilateral flatfoot"> unilateral flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20alignment" title=" pelvic alignment"> pelvic alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot%20posture" title=" foot posture"> foot posture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33797/influence-of-bilateral-and-unilateral-flatfoot-on-pelvic-alignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Prolonged Ileus in Traumatic Pelvic Ring Injury Patients Who Underwent Arterial Angio-Embolization: A Retrospective Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suk%20Kyoon%20Song">Suk Kyoon Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myung-Rae%20Cho"> Myung-Rae Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Paralytic ileus occurs in up to 18% of patients with pelvic bone fractures. The aim of this study is to determine if massive bleeding requiring arterial angioembolization is related to the duration of ileus in patients with traumatic pelvic ring injuries. Methods: This retrospective study included 25 patients who underwent arterial angioembolization for traumatic pelvic ring injuries. Data were collected from prospectively maintained databases of two independent hospitals. Results: Demographic characteristics (such as age, sex, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index), cause of trauma, and severity of pelvic injuries were similar in the non-prolonged and prolonged ileus groups. As expected, the prolonged ileus group had a significantly longer duration of ileus than the non-prolonged ileus group (8.0 ± 4.2 days vs. 1.2 ± 0.4 days, respectively, P < 0.001). The mortality rate was higher in the prolonged ileus group (20% vs. 0%), but it was not significantly different (P = 0.13). Interestingly, the prolonged ileus group received significantly higher amounts of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions (6.1 ± 2.1 units vs. 3.8 ± 2.5 units; P = 0.02). The amount of PRBC transfusions was associated with a greater risk of prolonged ileus development (P = 0.03, OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.08-3.88). Conclusion: This study supports the idea that the duration of the ileus is related to the amount of bleeding caused by the traumatic pelvic ring injury. In order to prevent further complications, conservative treatments of the ileus should be considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20ring%20injury" title="pelvic ring injury">pelvic ring injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bleeding" title=" bleeding"> bleeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ileus" title=" ileus"> ileus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20angioembolization" title=" arterial angioembolization"> arterial angioembolization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153519/prolonged-ileus-in-traumatic-pelvic-ring-injury-patients-who-underwent-arterial-angio-embolization-a-retrospective-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> A Case Study on the Effectiveness of the Physical Therapy Home Exercise Program for Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in a Middle-Aged Female Post- Surgical Repair of Stage III Pelvic Organ Prolapse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iwona%20Kasior">Iwona Kasior</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Pelvic organ prolapse is the descent of pelvic organs into the vaginal opening. Currently, few trials have been conducted to determine the influence of pelvic floor muscle training in decreasing stage or symptoms associated with pelvic organ prolapse. The purpose of this case study is to determine whether pelvic floor muscle training can decrease the stage of pelvic organ prolapse and related symptoms. Case Presentation: This is the case of a 55-year-old female; recently diagnosed with midline cystocele, stage three. She has undergone corrective surgery that failed. She has now resorted to managing the condition with a home exercise regimen of voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions, topical vaginal crème prescribed by her gynecologist, and slight lifestyle modifications. Methods: The patient was treated by a physical therapist for evaluation, vaginal exam, and educated in the ‘knack’ maneuver, lifestyle modifications, and proper technique of performing pelvic floor muscle contractions. The subject continued with a home exercise program with a specific regimen of pelvic floor muscle contractions and topical vaginal crème. Outcome: As determined by her physical therapist and the subject, her pelvic floor muscle strength had increased following the pelvic floor muscle training regimen and the use of the ‘knack’ maneuver. The subject reported a small decrease in the size of bulging prolapse and related symptoms of dryness, odor, vaginal discomfort, and the sensation of descent. Conclusion: Pelvic floor muscle training helped to lessen the degree of the prolapse, but not significantly enough to decrease the diagnosed stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kegel%20exercises" title="Kegel exercises">Kegel exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20floor" title=" pelvic floor"> pelvic floor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20organ%20prolapse" title=" pelvic organ prolapse"> pelvic organ prolapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20therapy" title=" physical therapy"> physical therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138123/a-case-study-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-physical-therapy-home-exercise-program-for-pelvic-floor-muscle-training-in-a-middle-aged-female-post-surgical-repair-of-stage-iii-pelvic-organ-prolapse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> The Biomechanical Analysis of Pelvic Osteotomies Applied for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Treatment in Pediatric Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suvorov%20Vasyl">Suvorov Vasyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filipchuk%20Viktor"> Filipchuk Viktor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a frequent pathology in pediatric orthopedist’s practice. Neglected or residual cases of DDH in walking patients are usually treated using pelvic osteotomies. Plastic changes take place in hinge points due to acetabulum reorientation during surgery. Classically described hinge points and a traditional division of pelvic osteotomies on reshaping and reorientation are currently debated. The purpose of this article was to evaluate biomechanical changes during the most commonly used pelvic osteotomies (Salter, Dega, Pemberton) for DDH treatment in pediatric patients. Methods: virtual pelvic models of 2- and 6-years old patients were created, material properties were assigned, pelvic osteotomies were simulated and biomechanical changes were evaluated using finite element analysis (FEA). Results: it was revealed that the patient's age has an impact on pelvic bones and cartilages density (in younger patients the pelvic elements are more pliable - p<0.05). Stress distribution after each of the abovementioned pelvic osteotomy was assessed in 2- and 6-years old patients’ pelvic models; hinge points were evaluated. The new term "restriction point" was introduced, which means a place where restriction of acetabular deformity correction occurs. Pelvic ligaments attachment points were mainly these restriction points. Conclusions: it was found out that there are no purely reshaping and reorientation pelvic osteotomies as previously believed; the pelvic ring acts as a unit in carrying out the applied load. Biomechanical overload of triradiate cartilage during Salter osteotomy in 2-years old patient and in 2- and 6-years old patients during Pemberton osteotomy was revealed; overload of the posterior cortical layer in the greater sciatic notch in 2-years old patient during Dega osteotomy was revealed. Level of Evidence – Level IV, prognostic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20dysplasia%20of%20the%20hip" title="developmental dysplasia of the hip">developmental dysplasia of the hip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20osteotomy" title=" pelvic osteotomy"> pelvic osteotomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hinge%20point" title=" hinge point"> hinge point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title=" biomechanics"> biomechanics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150398/the-biomechanical-analysis-of-pelvic-osteotomies-applied-for-developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip-treatment-in-pediatric-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Anomalous Course of Left Ovarian Vein Associated with Pelvic Congestion Syndrome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viyango%20Pandian">Viyango Pandian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumaresh%20Athiyappan"> Kumaresh Athiyappan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pelvic congestion Syndrome (PCS) is usually seen in multiparous women who give history of chronic dull-aching pelvic pain. We report a case of a 17 year old unmarried female, who presented with acute onset of chronic dull-aching abdominal pain in the left iliac fossa, which particularly increased during menstruation and was finally diagnosed to be pelvic congestion syndrome. On ultrasonography, multiple tortuous and dilated veins were observed in the left adnexa. Both ovaries appeared normal in size, volume and echotexture. Computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed to precisely delineate the venous pathway and to assess any associated abnormality; which showed a dilated and tortuous left ovarian vein with an anomalous course around the left kidney and draining into the left renal vein. Clinical parameters and hormonal levels were within normal limits. This is a rare case of anomalous course of left ovarian vein associated with pelvic congestion syndrome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomalous%20course%20of%20ovarian%20vein" title="anomalous course of ovarian vein">anomalous course of ovarian vein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title=" computed tomography"> computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20congestion%20syndrome" title=" pelvic congestion syndrome"> pelvic congestion syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonography" title=" ultrasonography"> ultrasonography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70992/anomalous-course-of-left-ovarian-vein-associated-with-pelvic-congestion-syndrome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Radiation Dose and Associated Exposure Parameters in Selected MDCT Scanners in Multiphase Scan of Abdomen-Pelvic Region: A Clinical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Sathyathas">P. Sathyathas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20I.%20S.%20W.%20Herath"> H. M. I. S. W. Herath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Amalraj"> T. Amalraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20J.%20M.%20A.%20L.%20Jayasinghe"> U. J. M. A. L. Jayasinghe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over two thirds of medical radiation can now be attributed to Computed Tomography (CT). There is little information on amount of radiation received from multiphase CT scan of abdomen- pelvic region in clinical practice. We sought to estimate the radiation dose and associated exposure parameters in the multiphase abdomen - pelvic scan of Multideteror Computed Tomography (MDCT) studies in clinical practice. This was a retrospective cross sectional studies describing radiation dose associated with main exposure parameters in diagnostic multiphase abdomen - pelvic scans performed on 152 consecutive patients by two different sixteen slice CT scanners. Patient information, exposure parameters of CTDI (volume), DLP, kVp, mAs and pitch were recorded for every phases of abdomen- a pelvic study from dose report of MDCT scanners (MDCTs). Age of patients range from 14 years to 87 years in both MDCT scanners. Overall CTDI (volume) median was 63.8 (±10.4) mGy for a multiphase abdominal-pelvic scan with scanner A while it was 35.4 (±15.6) mGy for scanner B. Patients' effective dose for multiphase abdomen - pelvic CT scan range from 8.2 mSv to 58 mSv. Median effective dose for patients, who underwent multiphase abdomen- pelvis scan with scanner A and B were 38.5 (± 8.2) mSv and 21.3 (± 8.6) mSv respectively. Median value of exposure parameters of mAs, kVp and pitch, were 150 (±29.7), 130 (±15.3) and 1.3 (±0.1) respectively in scanner A. In scanner B; they were 60 (±14.5), 120 and 1. The median effective dose for patients between multiphase abdomen-pelvic scan of both MDCT, a significant different (P<0.05) was observed. Multiphase abdomen – pelvic scan of clinical study shows significant different of effective dose with reference level of phantom studies (8-14mSv) and it depends on the type of vendors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abdomen-pelvic%20region" title="abdomen-pelvic region">abdomen-pelvic region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title=" computed tomography"> computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20parameters" title=" exposure parameters"> exposure parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20dose" title=" radiation dose"> radiation dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46083/radiation-dose-and-associated-exposure-parameters-in-selected-mdct-scanners-in-multiphase-scan-of-abdomen-pelvic-region-a-clinical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Effect of Muscle Energy Technique on Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Lumbar Spondylosis Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20El%20Sayed%20Abutaleb">Enas El Sayed Abutaleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Taher%20Eldesoky"> Mohamed Taher Eldesoky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahenda%20Abd%20El%20Rasol"> Shahenda Abd El Rasol</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Muscle energy techniques (MET) have been widely used by manual therapists over the past years, but still limited research validated its use and there was limited evidence to substantiate the theories used to explain its effects. Objective: To investigate the effect of muscle energy technique (MET) on anterior pelvic tilt in patients with lumbar spondylosis. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Subjects: Thirty patients with anterior pelvic tilt from both sexes were involved, aged between 35 to 50 years old and they were divided into MET and control groups with 15 patients in each. Methods: All patients received 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks where the study group received MET, Ultrasound and Infrared, and the control group received U.S and I.R only. Pelvic angle was measured by palpation meter, pain severity by the visual analogue scale and functional disabilities by the Oswestry disability index. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in all measured variables. The MET group was significantly better than the control group in pelvic angle, pain severity, and functional disability as p-value were (0.001, 0.0001, 0.0001) respectively. Conclusion and implication: The study group fulfilled greater improvement in all measured variables than the control group which implies that application of MET in combination with U.S and I.R were more effective in improving pelvic tilting angle, pain severity and functional disabilities than using electrotherapy only. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anterior%20pelvic%20tilt" title="anterior pelvic tilt">anterior pelvic tilt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbar%20spondylosis" title=" lumbar spondylosis"> lumbar spondylosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20energy%20technique%20exercise" title=" muscle energy technique exercise"> muscle energy technique exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20tilting%20angle" title=" pelvic tilting angle"> pelvic tilting angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33394/effect-of-muscle-energy-technique-on-anterior-pelvic-tilt-in-lumbar-spondylosis-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Spino-Pelvic Alignment with SpineCor Brace Use in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reham%20H.%20Diab">Reham H. Diab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20A.%20A.%20Abdallah"> Amira A. A. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20A.%20Embaby"> Eman A. Embaby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The effectiveness of bracing on preventing spino-pelvic alignment deterioration in idiopathic scoliosis has been extensively studied especially in the frontal plane. Yet, there is lack of knowledge regarding the effect of soft braces on spino-pelvic alignment in the sagittal plane. Achieving harmonious sagittal plane spino-pelvic balance is critical for the preservation of physiologic posture and spinal health. Purpose: This study examined the kyphotic angle, lordotic angle and pelvic inclination in the sagittal plane and trunk imbalance in the frontal plane before and after a six-month rehabilitation period. Methods: Nineteen patients with idiopathic scoliosis participated in the study. They were divided into two groups; experimental and control. The experimental group (group I) used the SpineCor brace in addition to a rehabilitation exercise program while the control group (group II) had the exercise program only. The mean ±SD age, weight and height were 16.89±2.15 vs. 15.3±2.5 years; 59.78±6.85 vs. 62.5±8.33 Kg and 162.78±5.76 vs. 159±5.72 cm for group I vs. group II. Data were collected using for metric Π system. Results: Mixed design MANOVA showed that there were significant (p < 0.05) decreases in all the tested variables after the six-month period compared with “before” in both groups. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the kyphotic angle in group I compared with group II after the six-month period. Interpretation and conclusion: SpineCor brace is beneficial in reducing spino-pelvic alignment deterioration in both sagittal and frontal planes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent%20idiopathic%20scoliosis" title="adolescent idiopathic scoliosis">adolescent idiopathic scoliosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SpineCor" title=" SpineCor"> SpineCor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spino-pelvic%20alignment" title=" spino-pelvic alignment"> spino-pelvic alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title=" biomechanics"> biomechanics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6500/spino-pelvic-alignment-with-spinecor-brace-use-in-adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Reflections from Participants and Researchers on a Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Gladden">Jessica Gladden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the perceived benefits of trauma-sensitive yoga programs. Participants attended one of two six-week trauma-sensitive yoga programs utilizing the G.R.A.C.E model, a format developed based on Emerson’s trauma-sensitive yoga guidelines and modified by the instructors. Participants in this study completed surveys on their experiences. The results of the surveys indicated that participants perceived improvements in self-care, embodiment, and mood. These results show that trauma-sensitive yoga may have benefits beyond the treatment of specific diagnoses that could be applied to a variety of populations. Reflections from one of the researchers who teaches in this program, as well as qualitative statements from the participants, will be shared to support the continued use of this method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoga" title="yoga">yoga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma-sensitive" title=" trauma-sensitive"> trauma-sensitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoga%20therapy" title=" yoga therapy"> yoga therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146824/reflections-from-participants-and-researchers-on-a-trauma-sensitive-yoga-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> A Closed Loop Audit of Pre-operative Transfusion Samples in Orthopaedic Patients at a Major Trauma Centre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Feng">Tony Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rea%20Thomson"> Rea Thomson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathryn%20Greenslade"> Kathryn Greenslade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ross%20Medine"> Ross Medine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20Easterbrook"> Jennifer Easterbrook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calum%20Arthur"> Calum Arthur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matilda%20Powell-bowns"> Matilda Powell-bowns</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are clear guidelines on taking group and screen samples (G&S) for elective arthroplasty and major trauma. However, there is limited guidance on blood grouping for other trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to review the level of blood grouping at a major trauma centre and validate a protocol that limits the expensive processing of G&S samples. After reviewing the national guidance on transfusion samples in orthopaedic patients, data was prospectively collected for all orthopaedic admissions in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh between January to February 2023. The cause of admission, number of G&S samples processed on arrival and need for red cells was collected using the hospital blood bank. A new protocol was devised based on a multidisciplinary meeting which limited the requirement for G&S samples only to presentations in “category X”, including neck-of-femur fractures (NOFs), pelvic fractures and major trauma. A re-audit was completed between April and May after departmental education and institution of this protocol. 759 patients were admitted under orthopaedics in the major trauma centre across two separate months. 47% of patients were admitted with presentations falling in category X (354/759) and patients in this category accounted for 88% (92/104) of those requiring post-operative red cell transfusions. Of these, 51% were attributed to NOFs (47/92). In the initial audit, 50% of trauma patients outwith category X had samples sent (116/230), estimated to cost £3800. Of these 230 patients, 3% required post-operative transfusions (7/230). In the re-audit, 23% of patients outwith category X had samples sent (40/173), estimated to cost £1400, of which 3% (5/173) required transfusions. None of the transfusions in these patients in either audit were related to their operation and the protocol achieved an estimated cost saving of £2400 over one month. This study highlights the importance of sending samples for patients with certain categories of orthopaedic trauma (category X) due to the high demand for post-operative transfusions. However, the absence of transfusion requirements in other presentations suggests over-testing. While implementation of the new protocol has markedly reduced over-testing, additional interventions are required to reduce this further. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20transfusion" title="blood transfusion">blood transfusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20improvement" title=" quality improvement"> quality improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthopaedics" title=" orthopaedics"> orthopaedics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168569/a-closed-loop-audit-of-pre-operative-transfusion-samples-in-orthopaedic-patients-at-a-major-trauma-centre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> Maintaining the Tension between the Classic Seduction Theory and the Role of Unconscious Fantasies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galit%20Harel">Galit Harel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article describes the long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a young woman who had experienced trauma during her childhood. The details of the trauma were unknown, as all memory of the trauma had been repressed. Past trauma is analyzable through a prism of transference, dreaming and dreams, mental states, and thinking processes that offer an opportunity to explore and analyze the influence of both reality and fantasy on the patient. The presented case describes a therapeutic process that strives to discover hidden meanings through the unconscious system and illustrates the movement from unconscious to conscious during exploration of the patient’s personal trauma in treatment. The author discusses the importance of classical and contemporary psychoanalytic models of childhood sexual trauma through the discovery of manifest and latent content, unconscious fantasies, and actual events of trauma. It is suggested that the complexity of trauma is clarified by the tension between these models and by the inclusion of aspects of both of them for a complete understanding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dreams" title="dreams">dreams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychoanalytic%20psychotherapy" title=" psychoanalytic psychotherapy"> psychoanalytic psychotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thinking%20processes" title=" thinking processes"> thinking processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transference" title=" transference"> transference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163845/maintaining-the-tension-between-the-classic-seduction-theory-and-the-role-of-unconscious-fantasies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">689</span> Trauma System in England: An Overview and Future Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheel%20Shakoor%20Siddiqui">Raheel Shakoor Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Narayana%20Murthy"> Sanjay Narayana Murthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manikandar%20Srinivas%20Cheruvu"> Manikandar Srinivas Cheruvu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kash%20Akhtar"> Kash Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Major trauma is a dynamic public health epidemic that is continuously evolving. Major trauma care services rely on multi-disciplinary team input involving highly trained pre and in-hospital critical care teams. Pre-hospital critical care teams (PHCCTs), major trauma centres (MTCs), trauma units, and rehabilitation facilities all form an efficient and organised trauma system. England comprises 27 MTCs funded by the National Health Service (NHS). Major trauma care entails enhanced resuscitation protocols coupled with the expertise of dedicated trauma teams and rapid radiological imaging to improve trauma outcomes. Literature reports a change in the demographic of major trauma as elderly patients (silver trauma) with injuries sustained from a fall of 2 metres or less commonly present to services. Evidence of an increasing population age with multiple comorbidities necessitates treatment within the first hour of injury (golden hour) to improve trauma survival outcomes. Staffing and funding pressures within the NHS have subsequently led to a shortfall of available physician-led PHCCTs. Thus, there is a strong emphasis on targeted research and funding to appropriately deploy resources to deprived areas. This review article will discuss the current English trauma system whilst critically appraising present challenges, identifying insufficiencies, and recommending aims for an improved future trauma system in England. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title="trauma">trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthopaedics" title=" orthopaedics"> orthopaedics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20trauma" title=" major trauma"> major trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma%20system" title=" trauma system"> trauma system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma%20network" title=" trauma network"> trauma network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169177/trauma-system-in-england-an-overview-and-future-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">688</span> Case Report: Cap Polyposis with Advanced Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Stronger Evidence of Mechanical Prolapse-related Pathology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Sebastian">Adrian Sebastian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Gillespie"> Chris Gillespie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We describe a case of diffuse rectal involvement with cap polyposis, manifesting with a protein-losing colopathy and occurring in the setting of advanced mechanical pelvic floor dysfunction. A 59-year-old male with a 5-year history of persistent excessive flatulence, defecatory difficulties, and diarrhea. He had extensive cap polyposis of the entire rectum endoscopically. His symptoms progressed to severe fecal incontinence with mucus leakage, pelvic pain, weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia. Clinical examination exhibited severe perineal descent, a large rectocele, poor anal squeeze, and a poor defecatory technique. After a trial of nonoperative therapies addressing his defecatory dysfunction, and Helicobacter pylori eradication, surgical resection was offered due to severe symptoms with ongoing incontinence and protein loss with no other reasonable options. A robotic abdominoperineal resection with a permanent colostomy was performed, followed by an uncomplicated recovery. Our observation of coexisting mechanical pelvic floor changes in this patient lends weight to the concept of a prolapse-related phenomenon in the pathophysiology of this rare condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cap%20polyposis" title="cap polyposis">cap polyposis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20dysfunction" title=" pelvic dysfunction"> pelvic dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecal%20incontinence" title=" fecal incontinence"> fecal incontinence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20report" title=" case report"> case report</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159019/case-report-cap-polyposis-with-advanced-pelvic-floor-dysfunction-stronger-evidence-of-mechanical-prolapse-related-pathology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">687</span> Trauma in the Unconsoled: A Crisis of the Self</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assil%20Ghariri">Assil Ghariri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article studies the process of rewriting the self through memory in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel, the Unconsoled (1995). It deals with the journey that the protagonist Mr. Ryder takes through the unconscious, in search for his real self, in which trauma stands as an obstacle. The article uses Carl Jung’s theory of archetypes. Trauma, in this article, is discussed as one of the true obstacles of the unconscious that prevent people from realizing the truth about their selves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carl%20Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuo%20Ishiguro" title=" Kazuo Ishiguro"> Kazuo Ishiguro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44375/trauma-in-the-unconsoled-a-crisis-of-the-self" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">686</span> Outpatient Pelvic Nerve and Muscle Treatment Reduces Pain and Improves Functionality for Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain and Erectile Dysfunction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allyson%20Augusta%20Shrikhande">Allyson Augusta Shrikhande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexa%20Rains"> Alexa Rains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayyaba%20Ahmed"> Tayyaba Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjorie%20Mamsaang"> Marjorie Mamsaang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakhi%20Vyas"> Rakhi Vyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janaki%20Natarajan"> Janaki Natarajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20Moody"> Erika Moody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Reutter"> Christian Reutter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimberlee%20Leishear"> Kimberlee Leishear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogita%20Tailor"> Yogita Tailor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Sandhu-Restaino"> Sandra Sandhu-Restaino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lora%20Liu"> Lora Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20James"> Neha James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosemarie%20Filart"> Rosemarie Filart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characterized by consistent difficulty getting and keeping an erection firm enough for intercourse, Erectile Dysfunction may affect up to 15% of adult men. Although awareness and access to treatment have improved in recent years, many patients do not actively seek diagnosis or treatment due to the stigma surrounding this condition. Patients who do seek treatment are often dissatisfied by the efficacy of the medication. The condition inhibits patients’ quality of life by worsening mental health and relationships. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an outpatient neuromuscular treatment protocol in treating the symptoms of Chronic Pelvic Pain and Erectile Dysfunction, improving pain and function. 56 patients ages 20-79 presented to an outpatient clinic for treatment of pelvic pain and Erectile Dysfunction symptoms. These symptoms had persisted for an average of 4 years. All patients underwent external ultrasound-guided hydro-dissection technique targeted at pelvic peripheral nerves in combination with pelvic floor musculature trigger-point injections. To measure the effects of this treatment, a five question Erectile Dysfunction questionnaire was completed by each patient at their first visit to a clinic and three months after treatment began. Answers were summed for a total score of 5-25, with a higher score indicating optimal function. The average score before treatment was 14.125 (SD 5.411) (a=0.05; CI 12.708-15.542), which increased by 18% to an average of 16.625 (SD 6.423) (a=0.05; CI 14.943-18.307) after treatment (P=0.0004). Secondary outcome variables included a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure pelvic pain intensity and the Functional Pelvic Pain Scale (FPPS) to measure function across multiple areas. VAS scores reduced by 51% after three months. Before treatment, the mean VAS score was 5.87, and the posttreatment mean VAS score was 2.89. Pelvic pain functionality improved by 34% after three months. Pretreatment FPPS scores averaged at 7.48, decreasing to 4.91 after treatment. These results indicate that this unique treatment was very effective at relieving pain and increasing function for patients with Erectile Dysfunction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pelvic%20pain" title="chronic pelvic pain">chronic pelvic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erectile%20dysfunction" title=" erectile dysfunction"> erectile dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonsurgical" title=" nonsurgical"> nonsurgical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outpatient" title=" outpatient"> outpatient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigger%20point%20injections" title=" trigger point injections"> trigger point injections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159546/outpatient-pelvic-nerve-and-muscle-treatment-reduces-pain-and-improves-functionality-for-patients-with-chronic-pelvic-pain-and-erectile-dysfunction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">685</span> Pelvic Floor Training in Elite Athletes: Fact or Fiction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Barbano%20Acevedo-Gomez">Maria Barbano Acevedo-Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Sonsoles%20Rodriguez-Lopez"> Elena Sonsoles Rodriguez-Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Olivia%20Calvo-Moreno"> Sofia Olivia Calvo-Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angel%20Basas-Garcia"> Angel Basas-Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristophe%20Ramirez"> Cristophe Ramirez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine. In persons who practice sport, its prevalence is 36.1% (95% CI 26.5%-46.8%) and varies as it seems to depend on the intensity of exercise, movements, and impact on the ground. Such high impact sports are likely to generate higher intra-abdominal pressures and leading to pelvic floor muscle weakness. Even though the emphasis of this research is on female athletes, all women should perform pelvic floor muscle exercises as a part of their general physical exercise. Pelvic floor exercises are generally considered the first treatment against urinary incontinence. Objective: The main objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge of the pelvic floor and of the UI in elite athletes and know if they incorporate pelvic floor strengthening in their training. Methods: This was an observational study conducted on 754 elite athletes. After collecting questions about the pelvic floor, UI, and sport-related data, participants completed the questionnaire International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short-Form (ICIQ-SF). Results: 57.3% of the athletes reflect not having knowledge of their pelvic floor, 48.3% do not know what strengthening exercises are, and around 90% have never practiced them. 78.1% (n=589) of all elite athletes do not include pelvic floor exercises in their training. Of the elite athletes surveyed, 33% had UI according to ICIQ-SF (mean age 23.75 ± 7.74 years). In response to the question 'Do you think you have or have had UI?', Only 9% of the 754 elite athletes admitted they presently had UI, and 13.3% indicated they had had UI at some time. However, 22.7% (n=171) reported they had experienced urine leakage while training. Of the athletes who indicated they did not have UI in the ICIQ-SF, 25.7% stated they did experience urine leakage during training (χ² [1] = 265.56; p < 0.001). Further, 12.3% of the athletes who considered they did not have UI and 60% of those who admitted they had had UI on some occasion stated they had suffered some urine leakage in the past 3 months (χ² [1] = 287.59; p < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge about UI in sport. Through the use of validated questionnaires, we observed a UI prevalence of 33%, and 22.7% reported they experienced urine leakage while training. These figures contrast with only 9% of athletes who reported they had or had in the past had UI. This discrepancy could reflect the great lack of knowledge about UI in sports and that sometimes an athlete may consider that urine leakage is normal and a consequence of the demands of training. These data support the idea that coaches, physiotherapists, and other professionals involved in maximizing the performance of athletes should include pelvic floor muscle exercises in their training programs. Measures such as this could help to prevent UI during training and could be a starting point for future studies designed to develop adequate prevention and treatment strategies for this embarrassing problem affecting young athletes, both male and female. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletes" title="athletes">athletes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20floor" title=" pelvic floor"> pelvic floor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title=" sport"> sport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title=" training"> training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20incontinence" title=" urinary incontinence"> urinary incontinence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132199/pelvic-floor-training-in-elite-athletes-fact-or-fiction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">684</span> Escaping the Trauma: A Psychological Study of Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahima%20Thakur">Mahima Thakur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trauma rehabilitation requires both repairing physical injury and reconstructing broken narrative systems. The trauma's aftereffects entwine the broken patterns, allowing a cohesive narrative to emerge. In this article, the book Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran Foer is discussed from a psychoanalytic perspective. The paper discusses the 9/11 attacks and their effects on those who suffered and lost family members during the catastrophe. The primary character of the novel, Oskar, along with his grandfather and grandmother, each have unique trauma escape stories that will be examined in light of Cathy Caruth and Geoffery H. Hartman‘s study. The text's numerous horrifying repetitions function as a narration strategy that not only captures the awareness of trauma but also gives the reader the psychological feature to overcome its deadening effects. This article explores the role that communication may have in assisting individuals in overcoming trauma. In addition to more research on traumatic memories, Dominick LaCapra's trauma theory's notions of "working through" and "acting out" highlight the need of communication in overcoming trauma and attempting to live outside of it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma%20theory" title="trauma theory">trauma theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cathy%20Caruth" title=" Cathy Caruth"> Cathy Caruth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memories" title=" memories"> memories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=escapes" title=" escapes"> escapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191897/escaping-the-trauma-a-psychological-study-of-jonathan-safran-foers-extremely-loud-incredibly-close" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">683</span> Childhood Trauma and Identity in Adulthood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aakriti%20Lohiya">Aakriti Lohiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the commonly recognised childhood trauma that can have a significant and enduring effect on a person's cognitive and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to look at the intricate interactions that exist between negative self-identity, cognitive distortions, and early trauma. For the study, a sample of (200 women were taken, who were socially active) was gathered. Standardised measures were utilised to evaluate the participants' experiences of childhood trauma, and validated psychological tools were employed to assess negative self-identity and cognitive distortions. The links and predicting correlations between childhood trauma, negative self-identity, and cognitive distortions were investigated using statistical techniques, such as correlation analysis and multiple regression modelling. The results demonstrated that there is no correlation between the degree of early trauma and the emergence of a negative self-identity and cognitive distortions. It examines whether cognitive distortion and events in childhood have any relationship with negative self-identity using various scales. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, which assessed retrospective accounts of childhood trauma; the Cognitive Distortions Scale, which measured internal attributions and perceptions of controllability; and the attachment style questionnaire, which assessed the attachment attribute of their daily life, which will lead negative. The implications for therapy were also considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20distortion" title="cognitive distortion">cognitive distortion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapy" title=" therapy"> therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20trauma" title=" childhood trauma"> childhood trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment" title=" attachment"> attachment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178974/childhood-trauma-and-identity-in-adulthood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">682</span> Transmission of Intergenerational Trauma: Protecting Those who Still Suffer from Pain of their Ancestors’ Trauma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bonnie%20Pollak">Bonnie Pollak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the world continues to suffer grievous injuries, future generations will suffer from trauma that was inflicted on innocent victims. Trauma can result from refugees fleeing their homes, exposure to warfare, loss of loved ones, and lack of shelter and basic necessities. The Holocaust continues to cause pain even though WWII ended nearly 80 years ago. One cannot forget the inhumane treatment and murder of relatives. The pain and trauma may continue for generations. The purpose of the Final Solution was to eliminate Jews in totality. Though Hitler’s plan was not successful, he managed to cause trauma that will continue with no end date in sight. “The Effects of Trauma and Secondary Trauma,” Trauma can cause life-long challenges, eating disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancer, sleeping difficulties, fear of going outside, guilt, separation problems, and epigenetic changes. Secondary Trauma, witnessing a loved one in danger or hearing about the danger, can cause similar symptoms as seen in primary trauma. The transmission of trauma was demonstrated in children of Holocaust survivors and in communities where oppression was commonplace. We are witnessing a repeat of widescale death and horrific injuries today in Ukraine and in other parts of the world, where concern for pain and trauma is not acknowledged by perpetrators. Lessons from the Holocaust can be applied to help others who have been traumatized by widescale terrorism resulting in death of loved ones, loss of home and shelter, food and other life-sustaining measures. The world must help victims by providing basic necessities but also by using trauma-informed care, focusing on strength and resilience, and helping individuals to feel pride in their identity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20of%20intergenerational%20trauma" title="transmission of intergenerational trauma">transmission of intergenerational trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20on%20religious%20beliefs%20and%20practices" title=" impact on religious beliefs and practices"> impact on religious beliefs and practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2nd%20generation" title=" 2nd generation"> 2nd generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148597/transmission-of-intergenerational-trauma-protecting-those-who-still-suffer-from-pain-of-their-ancestors-trauma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">681</span> Impact of Self-Efficacy, Resilience and Social Support on Vicarious Trauma among Clinical Psychologists, Counselors and Teachers of Special Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamna%20Hamid">Hamna Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashmala%20Zaman"> Kashmala Zaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between self-efficacy, resilience and social support among clinical psychologists, counselors and teachers of special schools. The study also assesses the gender differences on self-efficacy, resilience, social support and vicarious trauma and also vicarious trauma differences among three professions i.e. clinical psychologists, counselors and teachers of special schools. A sample of 150 women and 97 men were handed out a set questionnaire to complete: General Self-Efficacy Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Vicarious Trauma Scale. Results showed that there is significant negative correlation between self-efficacy, resilience and vicarious trauma. Women experiences higher levels of vicarious trauma as compared to men. While clinical psychologists and counselors experience higher levels of vicarious trauma as compared to teachers of special schools. Moderation effect of social support is not significant towards resilience and vicarious trauma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title="self-efficacy">self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vicarious%20trauma" title=" vicarious trauma"> vicarious trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social-support" title=" social-support"> social-support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169450/impact-of-self-efficacy-resilience-and-social-support-on-vicarious-trauma-among-clinical-psychologists-counselors-and-teachers-of-special-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">680</span> Trauma-Informed Leadership: Educational Leadership Practices in a Global Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyna%20Elliott">Kyna Elliott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 global pandemic has changed the shape, design, and delivery of education. As communities continue to fight the pandemic, research suggests the coronavirus is leaving an indelible mark on education which will last long after the pandemic has ended. Faculty and students bring more than their textbooks into the classroom. They bring their lived experiences into the classroom, and it is through these lived experiences that interactions and learning filter through. The COVID-19 pandemic has proved to be a traumatic experience for many. Leaders will need to have the tools and skills to mitigate trauma's impact on faculty and students. This presentation will explore research-based trauma-informed leadership practices, pedagogy, and mitigation strategies within secondary school environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compassion%20fatigue" title=" compassion fatigue"> compassion fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20leadership" title=" educational leadership"> educational leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20science%20of%20trauma" title=" the science of trauma"> the science of trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma-informed%20leadership" title=" trauma-informed leadership"> trauma-informed leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma-informed%20pedagogy" title=" trauma-informed pedagogy"> trauma-informed pedagogy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137993/trauma-informed-leadership-educational-leadership-practices-in-a-global-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">679</span> Impact of Self-Efficacy, Resilience, and Social Support on Vicarious Trauma among Clinical Psychologists, Counselors, and Teachers of Special Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamna%20Hamid">Hamna Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashmala%20Zaman"> Kashmala Zaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between self-efficacy, resilience, and social support among clinical psychologists, counselors, and teachers of special schools. The study also assesses the gender differences in self-efficacy, resilience, social support, and vicarious trauma and also vicarious trauma differences among three professions, i.e., clinical psychologists, counselors, and teachers of special schools. A sample of 150 women and 97 men were handed out a set questionnaire to complete: a General Self-Efficacy Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Vicarious Trauma Scale. Results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy, resilience, and vicarious trauma. Women experience higher levels of vicarious trauma as compared to men. At the same time, clinical psychologists and counselors experience higher levels of vicarious trauma as compared to teachers of special schools. The moderation effect of social support is not significant towards resilience and vicarious trauma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title="self-efficacy">self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vicarious-trauma%20%20social-support" title=" vicarious-trauma social-support"> vicarious-trauma social-support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20support" title=" social support"> social support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163821/impact-of-self-efficacy-resilience-and-social-support-on-vicarious-trauma-among-clinical-psychologists-counselors-and-teachers-of-special-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">678</span> Effects of Additional Pelvic Floor Exercise on Sexual Function, Quality of Life and Pain Intensity in Subjects with Chronic Low Back Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emel%20Sonmezer">Emel Sonmezer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayri%20Baran%20Yosmaoglu"> Hayri Baran Yosmaoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The negative impact of chronic pain syndromes on sexual function has been reported in several studies; however, the influences of treatment strategies on sexual dysfunction have not been evaluated widely. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pelvic floor exercise on sexual dysfunction in female patients with chronic low back pain. Forty-two patient with chronic low back pain were enrolled this study. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 received conventional physiotherapy consist of heat therapy, ergonomic education, William flexion exercise during 6 weeks. Group 2 received pelvic floor exercises in addition to conventional physiotherapy. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used for the assessment of sexual function. Pain intensity was assessed with Visual Analogue Scale. Quality of life was assessed with World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale. All measurements were taken before and after treatment. In conventional physiotherapy group; there were significant improvement in pain intensity (p= 0,003), physical health (p=0,011), psychological health (p=0,042) subscales of quality of life scale, arousal (p=0,042), lubrication (p=0,028) and pain (p= 0,034) subscales of FSFI. In additional pelvic floor exercise group; there were significant improvement in pain intensity (p= 0,005), physical health (p=0,012) psychological health (p=0,039) subscales of quality of life scale, arousal (p=0,024), lubrication (p=0,011), orgasm (p=0,035) and pain (p= 0,015) subscales and total score (p=0,016) of FSFI. Total FSFI score (p=0,025) and orgasm (p=0,017) subscale of FSFI were significantly higher for the additional pelvic floor exercise group than the conventional physiotherapy group.The outcome of this study suggested that conventional physiotherapy may contribute to improve pain, quality of life and some parameters of the sexual function in patients with low back pain. Although additional pelvic floor exercise did not reveal more treatment effect in terms of quality of life and pain intensity, it caused significant improvement in sexual function. It is recommended that pelvic floor exercise should be added to treatment programs in order to manage sexual dysfunction more effectively in patients with chronic low back pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiotherapy" title="physiotherapy">physiotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title=" chronic pain"> chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20dysfunction" title=" sexual dysfunction"> sexual dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20floor" title=" pelvic floor"> pelvic floor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89572/effects-of-additional-pelvic-floor-exercise-on-sexual-function-quality-of-life-and-pain-intensity-in-subjects-with-chronic-low-back-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">677</span> Perpetrator Trauma in Current World Cinema</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raya%20Morag">Raya Morag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a new paradigm for cinema/trauma studies - the trauma of the perpetrator. Canonical trauma research from Freud’s Aetiology of Hysteria to the present has been carried out from the perspective of identification with the victim, as have cinema trauma research and contemporary humanities-based trauma studies, climaxing during the 1990s in widespread interest in the victim vis-à-vis the Holocaust, war, and domestic violence. Breaking over 100 years of repression of the abhorrent and rejected concept of the perpetrator in psychoanalytic-based research proposes an uncanny shift in our conception of psychoanalysis' trajectory from women's 'hysteria' to 'post-traumatic stress disorder'. This new paradigm is driven by the global emergence of new waves of films (2007-2015) representing trauma suffered by perpetrators involved in the new style of war entailing deliberate targeting of non-combatants. Analyzing prominent examples from Israeli post-second Intifada documentaries (e.g., Ari Folman’s Waltz with Bashir), and post post-Iraq (and Afghanistan) War American documentaries (e.g., Errol Morris' Standard Operating Procedure), the paper discusses the limitations of victim trauma by the firm boundaries it (rightly) set in order to defend such victims of nineteenth and especially twentieth-century catastrophes; the epistemological processes needed in order to consider perpetrators’ trauma as an inevitable part of psychiatric-psychological and cultural perspectives on trauma, and, thus, the definition of perpetrators' trauma in contrast to victims'. It also analyzes the perpetrator's figure in order to go beyond the limitation of current trauma theory's relation to the Real, thus transgressing the 'unspeakableness' of the trauma itself. The paper seeks an exploration of what perpetrator trauma teaches us not only as a counter-paradigm to victim trauma, but as a reflection on the complex intertwining of the two paradigms in the twenty-first century collective new war unconscious, and on what psychoanalysis might offer us in the first decade of this terrorized-ethnicized century. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=American%20war%20documentaries" title="American war documentaries">American war documentaries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israeli%20war%20documentaries" title=" Israeli war documentaries"> Israeli war documentaries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%27new%20war%27" title=" 'new war'"> 'new war'</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perpetrator%20trauma" title=" perpetrator trauma"> perpetrator trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40545/perpetrator-trauma-in-current-world-cinema" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">676</span> Inherited Intergenerational Trauma – The Society for Black People in South Central Los Angeles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20R.%20Collins%20Sr.">Kevin R. Collins Sr.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In South Central Los Angeles, Black people have endured various forms of trauma that spans across generations. This includes the horrors of slavery and the aftermaths of the Jim Crow Laws, institutionalized racism, and legislative segregation, just to name a few. The individuals born from the 1900’s until today have continued to transmit the traumas experienced across generations. Parents unconsciously transmit the hidden trauma, and the children take these experiences and apply it to the society they live in. Although there are some who attempt to break the cycle of transmitted trauma, the remninsce still remain and play a huge role in how they interact with others. The attempt of this discussion is to bring these traumatic experiences to the surface and attack them head on. It is important that we do this to allow not only the suffering individuals but the suffering society to heal. As a society, looking at the humane side of it and attempting to stop the racial injustice placed on black people to relieve them of the stress that some. If not all,, endure in this great United States of America. Changing the behavior as a country to create an improved since of common unity within. If we solve our own racial and social issues within this country, maybe we can solve these same issues that have been the footstool to the many wars we see around the world. Thus, breaking the cycle of inherited intergenerational trauma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intergenerational%20trauma" title="intergenerational trauma">intergenerational trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inherited%20trauma" title=" inherited trauma"> inherited trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20of%20trauma" title=" transmission of trauma"> transmission of trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blacks%20in%20South%20central%20LA" title=" blacks in South central LA"> blacks in South central LA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20trauma%20in%20America" title=" black trauma in America"> black trauma in America</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165800/inherited-intergenerational-trauma-the-society-for-black-people-in-south-central-los-angeles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">675</span> Self Determination Theory and Trauma Informed Approach in Women's Shelters: A Common Ground</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamze%20Dogan%20Birer">Gamze Dogan Birer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Women’s shelters provide service to women who had been subjected to physical, psychological, economical, and sexual violence. It is proposed that adopting a trauma-informed approach in these shelters would contribute to the ‘woman-defined’ success of the service. This includes reshaping the physical qualities of the shelter, contacts, and interventions that women face during their stay in a way that accepts and addresses their traumatic experiences. It is stated in this paper that the trauma-informed approach has commonalities with the basic psychological needs that are proposed by self-determination theory. Therefore, it is proposed that self-determination theory can be used as a theoretical background for trauma-informed approach <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20determination%20theory" title="self determination theory">self determination theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma%20informed%20approach" title=" trauma informed approach"> trauma informed approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence%20against%20women" title=" violence against women"> violence against women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20shelters" title=" women's shelters"> women's shelters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127940/self-determination-theory-and-trauma-informed-approach-in-womens-shelters-a-common-ground" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">674</span> Chest Trauma and Early Pulmonary Embolism: The Risks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vignesh%20Ratnaraj">Vignesh Ratnaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Marascia"> Daniel Marascia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelly%20Ruecker"> Kelly Ruecker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Data suggests PE is occurring earlier in trauma patients, with attention being turned to possible de novo events. Here, we examine the incidence of early PE at a level 1 trauma center and examine the relationship with a chest injury. Method: A retrospective analysis was performed from a prospective trauma registry at a level 1 trauma center. All patients admitted from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2019 diagnosed with PE following trauma were included. Early PE was considered a diagnosis within 72 hours of admission. The severity of the chest injury was determined by the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS). Analysis of severe chest injury and incidence of early PE was performed using chi-square analysis. Sub-analysis on the timing of PE and PE location was also performed using chi-square analysis. Results: Chest injury was present in 125 of 184 patients diagnosed with PE. Early PE occurred in 28% (n=35) of patients with a chest injury, including 24.39% (n=10) with a severe chest injury. Neither chest injury nor severe chest injury determined the presence of early PE (p= > 0.05). Sub-analysis showed a trend toward central clots in early PE (37.14%, n=13) compared to late (27.78%, n=25); however, this was not found to be significant (p= > 0.05). Conclusion: PE occurs early in trauma patients, with almost one-third being diagnosed before 72 hours. This analysis does not support the paradigm that chest injury, nor severe chest injury, results in statistically significant higher rates of early PE. Interestingly, a trend toward early central PE was noted in those suffering chest trauma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title="trauma">trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PE" title=" PE"> PE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chest%20injury" title=" chest injury"> chest injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticoagulation" title=" anticoagulation"> anticoagulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160319/chest-trauma-and-early-pulmonary-embolism-the-risks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=23">23</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=24">24</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelvic%20trauma&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>