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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-研究歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>研究歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-tRNA的发现" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#tRNA的发现"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>tRNA的发现</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-tRNA的发现-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-tRNA的結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#tRNA的結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>tRNA的結構</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-tRNA的結構-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关tRNA的結構子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-tRNA的結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-特色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>特色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氨酰化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氨酰化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>氨酰化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氨酰化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参阅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参阅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参阅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参阅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">转运核糖核酸</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。52种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84" title="حمض نووي ريبوزي ناقل – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمض نووي ريبوزي ناقل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA" title="Transfer RNA – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Transfer RNA" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Транспортна РНК – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Транспортна РНК" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%8F" title="ট্রান্সফার আরএনএ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ট্রান্সফার আরএনএ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportna_RNK" title="Transportna RNK – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Transportna RNK" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARN_de_transfer%C3%A8ncia" title="ARN de transferència – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="ARN de transferència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%95_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="ئاڕ ئێن ئەی گوێزەرەوە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاڕ ئێن ئەی گوێزەرەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA" title="TRNA – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="TRNA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA" title="TRNA – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="TRNA" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA" title="TRNA – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="TRNA" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_RNA" title="Μεταφορικό RNA – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταφορικό RNA" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_RNA" title="Transfer RNA – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Transfer RNA" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARN_de_transferencia" title="ARN de transferencia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ARN de transferencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpordi-RNA" title="Transpordi-RNA – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Transpordi-RNA" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferentziako_RNA" title="Transferentziako RNA – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Transferentziako RNA" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="آران‌ای حامل – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آران‌ای حامل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt%C3%A4j%C3%A4-RNA" title="Siirtäjä-RNA – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siirtäjä-RNA" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_ribonucl%C3%A9ique_de_transfert" title="Acide ribonucléique de transfert – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acide ribonucléique de transfert" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARN_transferente" title="ARN transferente – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="ARN transferente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA" title="TRNA – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="TRNA" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%8F" title="अन्तरण आरएनए – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अन्तरण आरएनए" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prijenosni_RNK" title="Prijenosni RNK – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prijenosni RNK" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transzfer_RNS" title="Transzfer RNS – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Transzfer RNS" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2_%D5%8C%D5%86%D4%B9" title="Փոխադրող ՌՆԹ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փոխադրող ՌՆԹ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_transfer" title="RNA transfer – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="RNA transfer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA" title="TRNA – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="TRNA" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_transfer" title="RNA transfer – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="RNA transfer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%A2%E7%A7%BBRNA" title="転移RNA – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="転移RNA" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="სატრანსპორტო რიბონუკლეინის მჟავა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სატრანსპორტო რიბონუკლეინის მჟავა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A" title="Тасымалдаушы РНҚ – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тасымалдаушы РНҚ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EB%B0%98_RNA" title="운반 RNA – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="운반 RNA" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83%D1%87%D1%83_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Ташуучу РНК – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ташуучу РНК" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA" title="TRNA – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="TRNA" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNR" title="TRNR – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="TRNR" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Транспортна РНК – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Транспортна РНК" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_pemindah" title="RNA pemindah – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="RNA pemindah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-RNA" title="Transfer-RNA – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Transfer-RNA" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA" title="TRNA – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="TRNA" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_ribonucle%C3%AFc_de_transferiment" title="Acid ribonucleïc de transferiment – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acid ribonucleïc de transferiment" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRNA" title="TRNA – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="TRNA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARN_transportador" title="ARN transportador – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ARN transportador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_ribonucleic_de_transfer" title="Acid ribonucleic de transfer – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acid ribonucleic de transfer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="ТРНК – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ТРНК" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportna_RNK" title="Transportna RNK – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Transportna RNK" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferov%C3%A1_ribonukleov%C3%A1_kyselina" title="Transferová ribonukleová kyselina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Transferová ribonukleová kyselina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Транспортна РНК – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Транспортна РНК" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-RNA" title="Transfer-RNA – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Transfer-RNA" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD" title="ทีอาร์เอ็นเอ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทีอาร์เอ็นเอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9F%C4%B1y%C4%B1c%C4%B1_RNA" title="Taşıyıcı RNA – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taşıyıcı RNA" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9A" title="Транспортна РНК – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Транспортна РНК" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_v%E1%BA%ADn_chuy%E1%BB%83n" title="RNA vận chuyển – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="RNA vận chuyển" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%C3%A1n-%C3%AE_RNA" title="Choán-î RNA – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Choán-î RNA" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q201448#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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data-noteta-group="Lifesciences"></div></div></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%">tRNA </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png/220px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png/330px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png/440px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png 2x" data-file-width="1174" data-file-height="1161" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">tRNA的結構，其中黃色為3'端的CCA，紫色為接纳茎（acceptor stem），橘色為可變環（variable loop），紅色為D環（D arm），藍色為反密碼子環（Anticodon arm），綠色為T環（T arm）， </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#dddddd">识别符 </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3" style="width: 35%;">代号 </td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="width: 65%;">tRNA </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rfam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rfam（页面不存在）">Rfam</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rfam.sanger.ac.uk/family/RF00005">RF00005</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#dddddd"><b>其他数据</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a>类型 </td> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/TRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="TRNA">tRNA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left; border: none; width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #ddd">可用的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="蛋白質資料庫">PDB</a>结构： </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="border-top:2px solid #ddd">3icq, 1asy, 1asz, 1il2, 2tra, 3tra, 486d, 1fir, 1yfg, 3eph, 3epj, 3epk, 3epl, 1efw, 1c0a, 2ake, 2azx, 2dr2, 1f7u, 1f7v, 3foz, 2hgp, 2j00 , 2j02, 2ow8, 2v46, 2v48, 2wdg, 2wdh, 2wdk, 2wdm, 2wh1 </th></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>转运核糖核酸</b>（<span lang="en">Transfer RNA</span>），又称<b>傳送核糖核酸</b>、<b>转移核糖核酸</b>，通常简称為<b>tRNA</b>，是一種由76-90個<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核苷酸">核苷酸</a>所組成的<a href="/wiki/RNA" class="mw-redirect" title="RNA">RNA</a><sup id="cite_ref-sharp1985_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharp1985-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其3'端可以在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0-tRNA%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E9%85%B6" title="氨酰-tRNA合成酶">氨酰-tRNA合成酶</a>催化之下，接附特定種類的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸">氨基酸</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="轉譯">轉譯</a>的過程中，tRNA可藉由自身的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="反密碼子">反密碼子</a>識別<a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="密码子">密碼子</a>，將該密碼子對應的氨基酸轉運至<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="核糖體">核糖體</a>合成中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%82%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="多肽">多肽鏈</a>上。每個tRNA分子理論上只能與一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸">氨基酸</a>接附，但是<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="遺傳密碼">遺傳密碼</a>有简并性（degeneracy），使得有多於一個以上的tRNA可以跟一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸">氨基酸</a>接附。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究歷史"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>研究歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：研究歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在tRNA被發現以前，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="佛朗西斯·克里克">佛朗西斯·克里克</a>就假設有種可以將RNA訊息轉換成蛋白質訊息的适配分子存在。1960年代早期，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="亚历山大·里奇">亚历山大·里奇</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="唐納德·卡斯帕爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donald Caspar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐納德·卡斯帕爾（页面不存在）">唐納德·卡斯帕爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Caspar" class="extiw" title="en:Donald Caspar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donald Caspar</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>等生物學家開始研究tRNA的結構<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，1965年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%A9" title="羅伯特·W·霍利">羅伯特·W·霍利</a>首次分離了tRNA，並闡明了其序列與大致的結構<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，他因此貢獻而獲得1968年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%88%96%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎">諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎</a>。tRNA最早由羅伯特·M·博克（Robert M. Bock）成功結晶<sup id="cite_ref-NYT1991_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1991-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，之後陸續有人提出tRNA苜蓿葉狀的二級結構<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，此結構於1973年由<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="金成鎬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kim Sung-Hou"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%88%90%E9%95%90" class="mw-redirect" title="金成镐">金成鎬</a></span></span>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="亚历山大·里奇">亚历山大·里奇</a>的<a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%A6" title="X射线晶体学">X射線繞射分析</a>證實<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一个由<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BE%99%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC" title="阿龙·克卢格">阿龙·克卢格</a>领导英国团队，在同一年发布同样的射线晶体学的发现。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="tRNA的发现"><span id="tRNA.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.91.E7.8E.B0"></span>tRNA的发现</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：tRNA的发现"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1955年Zamecnik认为标记的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a>可能参与RNA的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="生物合成">生物合成</a>。于是他将<sup>14</sup>C标记的ATP与<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%B2%92%E9%AB%94" title="微粒體">微粒体</a>（Microsome）和细胞抽提液的可溶性部分一起保温后，发现RNA居然也被标记了。他有点怀疑。可是，当他将<sup>14</sup>C标记的氨基酸与微粒体和可溶性部分在同样条件下保温后，他惊奇地发现，与RNA合成无关的<sup>14</sup>C氨基酸也标记了RNA，而且更意想不到的是<sup>14</sup>C标记的RNA不是核糖体的大分子RNA，而是可溶性部分中的小分子RNA。进一步，仅将可溶性部分与<sup>14</sup>C标记的氨基酸和ATP一起保温，则这种<sup>14</sup>C标记的氨基酸仍能与其中的小分子RNA结合。因此，这种可溶性部分中的小分子RNA被称为称sRNA（soluble RNA）。1956年Watson曾访问Zamecnik实验室，并对他们说，1955年Crick已经提出过“适配子”的设想。后来，这种 sRNA被命名为tRNA。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="tRNA的結構"><span id="tRNA.E7.9A.84.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>tRNA的結構</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：tRNA的結構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TRNA-Phe_yeast_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TRNA-Phe_yeast_en.svg/220px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TRNA-Phe_yeast_en.svg/330px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TRNA-Phe_yeast_en.svg/440px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>來自酵母转运核糖核酸苯丙氨酸次級三葉草結構</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png/220px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png/330px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png/440px-TRNA-Phe_yeast_1ehz.png 2x" data-file-width="1174" data-file-height="1161" /></a><figcaption>tRNA的結構</figcaption></figure> <p>tRNA為74~95個<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="鹼基">鹼基</a>的小片段RNA鏈，會折疊成苜蓿葉狀的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E7%BA%A7%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="核酸二级结构">核酸二級結構</a>，呈三叶草形，它由氨基酸臂、二氢尿嘧啶环、反密码环、额外环和TΨC环五部分组成。 </p><p>tRNA有一级结构（5'到3'的核苷酸方向），二级结构（通常显示为三叶草结构）和三级结构（所有的tRNA具有类似L-形的三维结构，允许它们与<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E4%BD%93" title="核糖体">核糖体</a>的P、A位点结合）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="特色"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E8.89.B2"></span>特色</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：特色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E6%80%A7#5'端" class="mw-redirect" title="方向性">5'端</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="磷酸">磷酸</a>。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93%E8%87%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="受体臂（页面不存在）">受体臂</a>（accept stem，也被稱作<i>amino acid stem</i>）是一個7個鹼基長的臂，其中包含5'端，與有3'端<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%9F%E5%9F%BA" title="羟基">羟基</a>（<a href="/wiki/OH" class="mw-disambig" title="OH">OH</a>，能結合胺基酸於其上）的3'端。受体臂有可能含有非Watson-Crick所發現的鹼基對。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCA%E5%B0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCA尾（页面不存在）">CCA尾</a>（CCA tail）是tRNA分子3'端的CCA序列，在翻译时，帮助酶识别tRNA。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E8%87%82" title="D臂">D臂</a>（D arm）是在一个环（D loop）的端部4个碱基的臂，通常含有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A2%E5%B0%BF%E5%98%A7%E5%95%B6" title="二氢尿嘧啶">二氢尿嘧啶</a>（dihydrouridine）。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%90%E8%87%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反密码子臂（页面不存在）">反密码子臂</a>（anticodon arm）有5个碱基，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="反密碼子">反密码子</a>（anticodon）。每一tRNA包括一个特异的三联反密码子序列，能够与氨基酸的一个或者多个密码子匹配。例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%96%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="赖氨酸">赖氨酸</a>（lysine）的密码子之一是AAA，相应的tRNA的反密码子可能是UUU（一些反密码子可以与多于一个的密码子匹配被称为“摆动”）。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%E8%87%82" title="T臂">T臂</a>（T arm）是5个碱基的茎，包括序列TψC。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0%E7%A2%B1%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="修饰碱基（页面不存在）">修饰碱基</a>（Modified bases）是tRNA中的一些不常见的碱基，如腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶和尿嘧啶的修饰形式。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氨酰化"><span id=".E6.B0.A8.E9.85.B0.E5.8C.96"></span>氨酰化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：氨酰化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0tRNA" title="氨酰tRNA">氨酰tRNA</a></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨酰化（页面不存在）">氨酰化</a>（Aminoacylation）是添加一个氨酰基团到化合物的过程。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0tRNA%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E9%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="氨酰tRNA合成酶">氨酰tRNA合成酶</a>（aminoacyl tRNA synthetase）的作用下，tRNA与特异的氨基酸进行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨酰化反应（页面不存在）">氨酰化反应</a>（aminoacylated）。对于一种氨基酸而言，尽管可能有多种 tRNA和多种反密码子，但是通常只有一种氨酰tRNA合成酶。合成酶对合适的tRNA的识别不仅仅是反密码子，受体臂也起了显著的作用<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7692438_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7692438-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>反应： </p> <ol><li>氨基酸 + <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a> →氨基酰- AMP + <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="焦磷酸盐">PPi</a></li> <li>氨基酰-AMP + tRNA →氨基酰 - tRNA + <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="單磷酸腺苷">AMP</a></li></ol> <p>某些生物可能缺少一种或多种氨酰基tRNA合成酶。这导致通过化学相关的氨基酸被氨酰化的tRNA，并且通过使用一种或多种酶，tRNA被修饰为正确的被氨酰化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参阅"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85"></span>参阅</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参阅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ChongBanShuiXian.jpg/32px-ChongBanShuiXian.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ChongBanShuiXian.jpg/48px-ChongBanShuiXian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ChongBanShuiXian.jpg/64px-ChongBanShuiXian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="313" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:生物">生物主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/TPI1_structure.png/32px-TPI1_structure.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/TPI1_structure.png/48px-TPI1_structure.png 1.5x, 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.side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:TRNA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:TRNA"><span style="font-weight:bold;">转运核糖核酸</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BF%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="信使核糖核酸">信使核糖核酸</a>（mRNA）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BC%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="非編碼核糖核酸">非編碼核糖核酸</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%90%AB%E5%AD%90" title="内含子">内含子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90-%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BF%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="转运-信使核糖核酸">转运-信使核糖核酸</a>（TmRNA）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)" title="翻譯 (生物學)">翻譯 (生物學)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%96%E6%93%BA%E9%B9%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8D" title="搖擺鹼基對">搖擺鹼基對</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B0tRNA" title="氨酰tRNA">氨酰tRNA</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sharp1985-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sharp1985_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span 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Structure and Transcription of Eukaryotic tRNA Genes. 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class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="Template:核酸"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="Template talk:核酸"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:核酸"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="核酸种类" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核酸">核酸</a>种类</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">组分</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%B9%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="核鹼基">核鹼基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7" title="核苷">核苷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核苷酸">核苷酸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="寡核苷酸">寡核苷酸</a>／<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多核苷酸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="polynucleotide"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多核苷酸（页面不存在）">多核苷酸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polynucleotide" class="extiw" title="en:polynucleotide"><span lang="en" dir="auto">polynucleotide</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="脱氧核苷酸">脱氧核苷酸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核糖核酸">核糖核酸</a><br />(编码与<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BC%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="非編碼核糖核酸">非编码</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">转译：</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BF%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="信使核糖核酸">mRNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BF%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="前信使核糖核酸">前-mRNA／不均一核RNA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">tRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E9%AB%94%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核糖體核糖核酸">rRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E7%A7%BB-%E4%BF%A1%E4%BD%BFRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="转移-信使RNA">tmRNA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">调控：</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RNA%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0" title="RNA干扰">RNA干扰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="小分子核糖核酸">miRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="小分子干扰核糖核酸">siRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PiRNA" title="PiRNA">piRNA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%BE%A9RNA" title="反義RNA">asRNA</a></li> <li>RNA加工 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="小核核糖核酸">snRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E4%BB%81%E5%B0%8F%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核仁小核糖核酸">snoRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_RNA" title="Y RNA">Y RNA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%90RNA" title="強化子RNA">強化子RNA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">其他：</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%AF%BC%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="引导核糖核酸">gRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B6" title="核酶">核酶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E9%AB%AE%E5%A4%BE%E7%8B%80RNA" title="短髮夾狀RNA">shRNA</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小时序RNA" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Small temporal RNA"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%BA%8FRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小时序RNA（页面不存在）">stRNA</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_temporal_RNA" class="extiw" title="en:Small temporal RNA"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Small temporal RNA</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0%E5%B0%8FRNA" title="反式作用干扰小RNA">ta-siRNA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="脱氧核糖核酸">脱氧核糖核酸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%A3%9C%E8%84%AB%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E9%86%A3%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="互補脫氧核醣核酸">cDNA</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E7%B6%A0%E9%AB%94DNA" title="葉綠體DNA">cpDNA</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/GDNA" title="GDNA">gDNA</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97DNA" title="八文字DNA">Hachimoji</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%8B%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%8D%95%E9%93%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多拷贝单链（页面不存在）">msDNA</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E7%B2%92%E4%BD%93DNA" title="线粒体DNA">mtDNA</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脱氧核酶（页面不存在）">脱氧核酶</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="核酸类似物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nucleic acid analogue"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E7%B1%BB%E4%BC%BC%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核酸类似物（页面不存在）">核酸类似物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_analogue" class="extiw" title="en:Nucleic acid analogue"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nucleic acid analogue</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="异源核酸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Xeno nucleic acid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E6%BA%90%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异源核酸（页面不存在）">异源核酸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeno_nucleic_acid" class="extiw" title="en:Xeno nucleic acid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Xeno nucleic acid</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNA" title="GNA">GNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="蘇糖核酸">TNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E7%B3%96" title="己糖">己糖</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="鎖核酸">LNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BD%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="肽核酸">PNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%97%8E%E5%95%89%E5%9F%BA" title="嗎啉基">吗啉基</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E4%BD%93" title="运载体">载体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="噬菌粒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phagemid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%99%AC%E8%8F%8C%E7%B2%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="噬菌粒（页面不存在）">噬菌粒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagemid" class="extiw" title="en:Phagemid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phagemid</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E7%B2%92" title="质粒">质粒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9B%E5%99%AC%E8%8F%8C%E4%BD%93" title="Λ噬菌体">λ噬菌体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%B3%AA%E9%AB%94" title="黏質體">黏質體</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%E9%BB%8F%E7%B2%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F黏粒（页面不存在）">F黏粒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" title="人類人工染色體">人工染色体</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P1-%E8%A1%8D%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P1-衍生人工染色体（页面不存在）">PAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" title="細菌人工染色體">细菌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E6%AF%8D%E8%8F%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" title="酵母菌人工染色體">酵母菌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%9F%93%E8%89%B2%E9%AB%94" title="人類人工染色體">人类</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:生物化学物质种类"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB" title="Template talk:生物化学物质种类"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物化学物质种类"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物化學物質種類索引" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化學物質</a><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="Template:代谢">種類</a>索引</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:糖类">糖类</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%86%87" title="Template:醇">醇類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E9%86%87" title="Template:多元醇">糖醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B3%96%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:糖蛋白类">醣蛋白</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B3%96%E8%8B%B7" title="Template:糖苷">苷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%84%82%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:脂类">酯質</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B1%BB%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F%E9%85%B8%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:类花生酸类">类花生酸类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="Template:脂肪酸">脂肪酸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:脂肪酸代谢中间产物">中間物</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Glycerides" title="Template:Glycerides">甘油酯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A3%B7%E8%84%82" title="Template:磷脂">磷脂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9E%98%E8%84%82" title="Template:鞘脂">鞘脂類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%83%86%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%BE%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:胆固醇与甾体中间产物">胆固醇与甾体中间产物</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="Template:核酸">核酸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A2%B1%E5%9F%BA%E3%80%81%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="Template:碱基、核苷和核苷酸">成分</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:核苷酸代谢中间产物">中間物</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B4%A8" title="Template:蛋白质">蛋白質</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="Template:氨基酸">胺基酸</a> <ul><li><a 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