探索葫芦雕刻：中国非物质文化遗产的瑰宝非物质文化遗产

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leading-7 space-y-4"> <div><div class="tt_format_content js_underline_content autoTypeSetting24psection " id="js_content"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;font-size: 17px;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 578.182px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(241, 199, 198);overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("https://p26.toutiaoimg.com/origin/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/SibbUiJ71ZkDHI");"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;color: rgb(197, 61, 65);font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.6;"></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: -17px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-size: 17px;"><section 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17px;"><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTmRudjdSdmpzdnlOSzVxRFRHOTA4cWJtRktlN0oxOU9YZzE5TldkQlJNK0dsNVh1N21TdGtRQzdZOVRsbWxhb0hiYVpyQnlKZXFmMGE2YXpaS1hEYnEwb3lWZUx4ZEFzeWFnMko1V2lDZG9ZNHhSSjMwSzdNZVhoby9Ba1JUUFZiRVd3S0h4R0pXek5YTnNZRmsxK2ZqYlR0ejVDLzNpMFNEa09uUTdXcHZGd21hSkw0T1M5R1dwdGhackdmdmI0T0V0ZWhNbER5VUhTYTNtL09ZRUgxSFc4RFRmUUI4ZmxMN0ZBZ090Y094aWkzaEVXaGVJZGxmek5COThzU2tRamJBYm1RdHNWNGNWWW9waFpCa1o4NU5nPT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="810" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/a6eaf701c3f80bccaa158c2f85ba1477" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="0.74975" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="4000"></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;">葫芦雕刻艺人</p></section><section style=" margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);padding: 20px;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">葫芦是我国具有七千多年栽培历史的草本藤本植物。在人类数千年的发展过程中，葫芦逐步由“自然瓜果”转化为“人文瓜果”，形成源远流长的葫芦文化。葫芦文化经数千年的历史积淀，以其独特的历史渊源，深厚的文化内涵以及广泛的群众基础，在现代文化中仍占有一席之地。葫芦文化已是我国民俗文化的一部分，生机无限。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">兰州刻葫芦更是全国乃至世界上赫赫有名的民间技艺，是中国工艺美术百花园中的一枝奇葩。兰州葫芦雕主要是用刀或者针在葫芦表面进行阴刻，来体现<a href="/N/Wdj5L.html" title="中国传统绘画" style="text-decoration: underline;color: blue;">中国传统绘画</a>山水、花鸟、人物和书法，然后涂上松墨，令其线条明晰。随着技艺高超的历代民间艺术家的不断发展创新，兰州刻葫芦形成了自己独特的风格，成为欣赏和收藏的艺术品。兰州刻葫芦，凝集了历代兰州葫芦艺人的文化修养、艺术遐想、精湛技艺和高洁的情怀，是中国民间工艺中的珍品。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">1920年，兰州有一名前清秀才叫李文斋，擅长书画，诗文俱佳，但生性孤傲，不事权贵，家境非常贫寒。为了糊口，李文斋以雕刻葫芦为生。他将历史故事和神话传说刻到葫芦上，像《王羲之爱鹅》《竹林七贤》《十八罗汉》《桃花源记》《渊明赏菊》《兰亭集序》《赤壁赋》等都是他进行艺术创作的题材，在形似的基础上侧重神似，以其特有的艺术风格引起了工艺美术界的瞩目，人称“绝技”。后来，他的女婿王德山与另一位叫阮光宇的艺人传承了刻葫芦技艺，博采传统画技之长，刻意求新，把《西厢记》《红楼梦》《聊斋志异》等作品中的人物，巧妙地刻画在葫芦上，并配以诗词文字、风景山水，使<a href="/N/a45x.html" title="葫芦雕刻工艺" style="text-decoration: underline;color: blue;">葫芦雕刻工艺</a>更臻完美，作品开始走出国门，行销西欧各国。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">20世纪80年代，阮光宇之子阮文辉继承父业。他博采众长，在雕刻上独具匠心，针、刀并用，以刻、铲、刮、磨等多种方法，将中国画的勾勒、渲染、皴擦等手法用在刻画葫芦上，仿制出历代名家泼墨写意山水以及徐悲鸿、齐白石的画风笔意，使雕刻葫芦工艺达到了出神入化的境界。阮文辉的《东坡赤壁夜游图》，刻在一枚直径2厘米的椭圆形葫芦上。图中有一叶扁舟，舟中6人，无不神情生动；舟外远山近树，疏密有致。同时，还刻有537字的《前赤壁赋》，字迹娟秀工整，令人称道。这件作品和阮文辉的《儿童游戏图》《唐诗204首》《敦煌飞天》等4套6件微雕葫芦作品，被中国艺术博物馆永久收藏，他也被评为中国工艺美术大师。如今，兰州玲珑刻葫芦名家辈出、高手如林，雕刻技艺和工艺水平都达到了更新更高的境界，精绝奇妙之作层出不穷，已成为展示兰州与中国工艺美术形象的缩影。 </p></section></section></section><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTk5PUWxkYkszc0ZuSHdVWUtxOVNVMkZzZzNVcEc1NW5MUXB1UXhSekdzOGtPWW1GSjY1U3pENUJ3aXR1dXIvVGk2ZUQxQ0JXczdjQjhQMUZtbkhSRE9FekEyakpQNDMrN0VseEk4N0dEWW9LNUlSdjdSMVF0b2ZOSFFoRXVZNkZXbzlmRFpPTWJ5R3hWaVlDMUZMOFlGVk1sZ0RwVlIrMG12V1poL0t0NkFjSElhV21yODFiZEphUlM3L2R2R1B3NjloTTFvRmpjSWZyeG4ydTdhRzRmeWJFVEhvQjcza251eU1pbXd5cUcxN3lZT2xrc3pMOFl0eHozUS9NWjBUNUZHK2QrbklyTHZvUmpvMUJyeWVlbWNnPT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="781" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/06404be43943418539b0c7905431f551" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="0.72275" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="4000"></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;">工艺挂件</p></section><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTkpWMkZPd3ZRQUxMbENxRkVVLzRaNHkvOXRrZnQrdDNYc0xVM0tOb21XWHFvKzlrYXNsR045aWxhcjBMbm5ZL0U0bjFoZ0Jzcyt0Z09rUlpHdUNEd3UzUE5UZDVWL2o1Ym5sQXVQZFNWQzBlM2ZENHo4LzY3Z3d2R0syc0xWVmc0ckIveFBNWGJJQzhJanlPRmJoNkxGZDdnY2ZoSmFadG5raUk4a21EemZvZ0F4cFZhQTRTOUV3TitmSkRPbVU2cHF6bDF1Mm9PNXZidGFTc0ljUmQwdVZpSHBsZ1ZpNmJTc1B3LzdvTHNQZE1kOGFZQnFkOUNBRUkzSk1XSHdIQnFMd0hJYWpzblpaVnZ6QWp5U2pRSm5BPT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="699" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/50d4df8d1265f0428f753e3b7d067969" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="0.646875" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="1280"></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;">葫芦雕小摊</p></section><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTmFWbEN1Ukh0eks0YmdGejFtSGtPeXZBSHhaajg2T1R3RG9MNFlmYnJCeVZWWWVCWnpzVWVIdi9TQjM3TEdha1NWWFEzUG9jMWFPcjhXbSs3b0d1VVJUQXJ3N3IzY2REalpIODNJVXpKR0xBd21SM3E3ZDd3c0dqWnZQRHlycjEya01VRXZNcG1lczlyNFJGb3RjZGVqY3pCZVVXeVRBajZrUVM4OEU3aHFYZWl3OThNb2xRRmZ1YXJ6R1I5T2xKR2MwcnFXblJZV1Zob0lDR3BOQm51b1B1aFZ4WGt6Y0YwNW05ZVlYeHNkamNKaVlTSjE0WmlVUTg3Y2kwZFJhMzZ6bURKUGgrZDR6bjcwNW1ScjZtTWhRPT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="1446" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/c8894dc9246eca2fb0ba0ba27323232a" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="1280" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="1.3390625" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640"></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;">镂空胡芦雕</p></section><section style=" margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);padding: 20px;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">葫芦，音同‘福禄’，同时，葫芦里面长‘子’，有子孙万代、多子多福的含义，因而兰州人通常把它当作吉祥物，叫做“吉祥葫芦”，有“兰州三样宝，吉祥葫芦、牛肉面、羊皮筏子赛军舰”的说法，吉祥葫芦位居“三宝”之首，成了馈赠亲朋、旅游收藏、家庭装饰的主要工艺品。在兰州的大街小巷都可以看到意趣古雅的微雕葫芦，他们显示着灿烂的兰州文化，如今，兰州人们还在用自己的智慧雕刻着生活，将一个个吉祥葫芦挂在生活的各个角落，点缀着美丽的梦。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">葫芦雕刻是兰州一朵独特的艺术之花。不仅因为这种雕刻工艺在兰州历史悠久，还因为学习雕刻的人艺术修养丰厚。好的雕刻师，仅有精湛的刀工是不行的，还必须学习中国古典文化，诗词歌赋、古代典籍、书法绘画要无一不精。因此，葫芦雕刻的题材非常广泛，唐诗宋词、佛教经典、古典名著、神话人物、各类植物、花鸟鱼虫、水墨山水……有了丰富的知识积淀，雕刻的时候才能够深厚、准确、唯美，有神韵。也因此，没有一枚葫芦是一样的，每一件都是独特的艺术品。在兰州，即使是随便在一个小摊档看到的葫芦，也不失为一件精美的艺术品。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">葫芦，以其独特的外形和广泛的实用性，自古以来备受国人的喜爱，被认为是给人类带来福禄、驱魔辟邪的灵物。在民间，更是有着许许多多同葫芦有关的美丽传说。“说起葫芦雕刻，构思很重要。下刀前，葫芦雕刻的结构、造型，都要了然于胸，胸中有丘壑，作品才能成功。”吉林省最年轻的工艺美术大师刘峰，跟笔者聊起了他的葫芦雕刻经。纷繁复杂的民间故事，栩栩如生的人物形象、苍劲有力的名家字迹、美轮美奂的福寿造型，普普通通的葫芦，到了刘峰的手中，就变成了精美的葫芦雕刻艺术品。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">刘峰的葫芦雕刻工艺是祖上传承，从曾祖父开始便种植并雕刻葫芦。因经常在吉林北山庙会中亮相，所以在当地小有名气，被人们称之为“葫芦刘”，传承至刘峰已是第四代。受家族传承艺术影响，刘峰从小便耳濡目染葫芦的各种制作工艺，并熟练掌握了透雕、微雕、烙画、彩绘等技艺。随着现代工艺的发展和人们审美取向的转变，刘峰觉得仅靠家族传承，已经不能使这项古老的民间手工艺焕发光彩。“当时就在想，我应该走出家族技艺的范畴，吸收更多的美学元素并将其融入到葫芦制作工艺中来，于是我选择系统地学习现代美术知识。”刘峰回忆说。</p></section></section></section><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTkVqRC9UeFdUUDdnVEM4Z010MEIrSHhTNXRsL3hPSVp2SzRXTE9iczNPWGlHYkJuVzRrR1ZERFp4ZWRCUmt3QVd3Y09lenJoMFVQa1JNazBrdi9teWFadW9GU1g0MTlBN0tHQUY0NGRPbUR6QzhwTyt3dXNmMGQ2RVc1UWJCREJDMFQ3UENmUmhBakRLRTUzemZlWVI3VkdjS3RFSkE1RlhnbnVaMW5EYndEWEhOYkRpZFh5UlZQWmZwUnE1YkJDMFBjKzA2eVdhMzdXeUh3Y21PemIwWWRzcWo0eG1tenpIWTdCVjJMUXp3WnZFOEkrNHlrZUZwWnAzaDMyVENnYW9MdDJiOWxYK3c4VXE2ZUV6cS9wRkdnPT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="716" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/e10dd4ec0508047308e098c1b1fce0ca" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="1280" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="0.6625" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640"></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;">金陵葫芦雕刻艺人</p></section><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTnRLNFVGSHcvbHdXT0Nka3BvV2tBQkw4YjNYdVNLT0hWbytVeXRER2tkRWJhemYvbzRVM3NmcW5ia2RwMmlTK1BLaFcxNkRDY2FrZ3g2U1FQRDM3YktielFoNERrdWpHeTRWbGZCNktIYjFIQ2hUeUthWUQxV1c2aXZJWWY3dDFyYUJkNGZGREl3OEMzTStVZE5iMy9DQXdHMFo1T015cVF4WG9UTlZlT3NOM3YxZWNkSHhnQ0N0YlNZZTlIMW9hamRCY25kMzFDd3M4azVYYWJMNlhWQnVTdkp4c3RRTGZUTGtTNXAwK0dYNGlNTFl3OWJ3bXFvOWFqTXRZVTQ1dnNpcjVmWjFlT2cvODdSVHhKWHYvNVlRPT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="652" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/8efdcd0ac08a487d9b7c647d60c854d7" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="4000" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="0.60325" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640"></section></section><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTjJoNFJPUFhzdFZnZlBEakpzZmRoaERkSFo4aWdFVlMwRHNjaFhzdHF2WUxNbk1TVTNhWEh5Wm1HQTdydS9qYzEzbDh6SEdEOW1PMzk3Q3BUeGYvL0wwcDVlYWt1QU9qbWlxUXArUzNEZUprSE0wN1Y1eVhsK1Q0aTdoR2xQanlpRlg2NVZtNGJMd2R4NFJzY2QzR2d4NEs1WGFZZUNncEFWbnkzaXdhSGpaZlRxWUhweC9rSjlHcUpuUWRIbTA4RDNsd3NhUnRmQ05RNGJ6cE9Vd2ZWUGszYWFqMzVSWUZ5dHQyanluZHVxSVVGQldKc05ZbjhSeDVYbzF3VjQyNStpY3hGbG9vaUdSdDk2dmNqblRPajVRPT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="801" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/816c256d00ce7a6f460b811e465d6ccf" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="4000" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="0.74175" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640"></section></section><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTlI5em5aYTROVUVLVzBGUzNCRHFDbXowUTRXRWJsYjdEWU0rSGhZemt5aXB6S2pwT2dES0t1dVdVVWcyYXhQeTc0RG50UUgvUStyQnVLT1BJVHM1MG52dEFoMHVmay9NR1lhU0k3UW9WVHJJZkFYSHozRk85WDRxSHQ2ZDlFSmZrblNwUWtGSDBvMnpCYkRaRENQNTEya0pWQVExbjI0MEgzZkpKaXEwNStONVp1RjR4RzhDSzd3Mit1TEQ3bDBlNlpxSlVZRi90dzVBbjdmcDJtY1A3R0FBMUNLQ1EvbmlyNzR5U0VQSXB6M1F3MzNxU2ZEMkwrTlQ2OVpRb1ZlN0s5Yk91bkpSMXpYNU1PdHJCU1FobzVnPT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="718" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/1b7e17420ce5cd047b0531e4044c960c" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="0.66484375" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="1280"></section></section><section style=" text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;"><img src="/images/MGRwMWlPdGpMMVVoc21pRFkrMU5SNlI3aWFRamNPamVRMGMvMnNZQkVwd3QzaFJQRW04OTdQbUZRbDRlZVYwTnV4bnJaMSt2bjN2REtqa1NxbkszblJOWStaTFoxMFViZjFMam8ydXNQbk5KYjZWQXBBbXRpdVVaamErVVFzWWFFbVgvY2RwS08xNWFtN0xyMys3andyTGM1cGlhVHg0bnVOUWcrNGNoN0QvditNN2IzWWQ5L1gwSFhVS2VQanAvUkVkaWNlb2xoWmc1c2ljd2RxRHJYV015SFU2TjJZcXBQZU9ybzhsclRKZmdtQkllY2MrVXowb0ZHYm1IYU9TYW9kYSs1VWdSWFJORExHWW5ldDVSczhlSW9iaDEvWkpKQ1BWZzFRMk9BcEEyZWFsQkFTNnRxNWVHUllOdEM2bU92Y3dEWVhFVXZNM0VJcUtPRVg5NEF3PT0=" img_width="1080" img_height="718" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/e9daad1abc96f06ef3f37795f2a0b1aa" style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; display: inline; height: auto;" data-ratio="0.66484375" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" class="rich_pages wxw-img syl-page-img" data-w="1280"></section></section><section style="font-size: 17px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;">葫芦雕刻艺人</p></section><section style=" margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);padding: 20px;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><section style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">2002年，刘峰从吉林市职工大学美术装潢专业毕业。“毕业之后很多人劝我找一份稳定的工作，当时也有几个很好的机会，但是我觉得应该为这项传统的民间工艺做点什么。”刘峰一边欣赏着自己的作品一边说，眼神中对每件作品都充满了喜爱。这样，刘峰就专心致志地投入到了葫芦制作工艺上来。在外人看来，刘峰的决定近乎疯狂，但妻子却成了他的支持者。“我非常感激她，没有她的支持我根本走不到今天，我的艺术成就中有一半她的功劳。”刘峰满含深情地说。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">制作过程，并不是一帆风顺。在烙画工具的选择上，刘峰就进行了多方面的尝试。“最初用普通的电烙铁，各种不同的型号一一尝试，由于手柄的部分和烙铁尖距离很远，因此在烙制过程中手千万不能抖，特别是细微部分必须一次成画，不能有任何的失误。后来我又试验了很多工具，最终自己制作了烙画工具，这才得心应手。”刘峰笑着说。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">传统的葫芦烙画图案都以中国工笔画为主，刘峰突破传统模式，烙制富有写实韵味的人物肖像，并凸显立体感，形象逼真。在不断的研究制作中，刘峰还将剪纸艺术融入到葫芦制作工艺中来，产生新颖的浮雕效果；他还结合木刻和玉雕的浮雕工艺，在只有5毫米左右的葫芦表皮上雕刻出鲜活的多层次人物形象，拓展了葫芦雕刻的技法。随着多年对葫芦艺术的执着追求，刘峰的雕刻技艺也日臻成熟，受到了诸多工艺美术大师的赞誉，并且被英国、韩国、新加坡等国家的葫芦爱好者收藏。</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">细观刘峰的葫芦工艺作品，细腻传神、形象生动。浮雕作品《八仙过海》，在葫芦表面通体雕刻，无处不动刀，内容繁杂，八位传说中的人物栩栩如生，各具神态，整体布局疏密有度，连贯划一，可谓是葫芦制作工艺中的精品。高浮雕作品《寿比南山》，画面内容丰富，巍巍的崇山，苍峻的松柏，慈祥的寿星，献桃的童子和口含灵芝的仙鹿，无一不生动传神，极具水墨工笔的韵味。目前，刘峰也成为吉林省最年轻的工艺美术大师。面对着满屋子自己制作的葫芦工艺品，刘峰说：“工艺美术的道路是艰辛的，不容松懈。今后，我将付出更多的努力来致力于工艺葫芦的文化宣传、制作和创新，努力使其成为吉林民间艺术中的一张名片。”</p><p style="text-indent:2em;white-space:normal;" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;">山东省聊城东昌府区堂邑镇是孔繁森的家乡，也是中国葫芦文化艺术之乡，素有“中国葫芦第一镇”之称。聊城市东昌府区堂邑镇葫芦雕刻有300多年历史，是全国最大的葫芦种植、加工、销售基地，2007年东昌葫芦雕刻被定为国家级<a href="/N/xdLM.html" title="非物质文化遗产" style="text-decoration: underline;color: blue;">非物质文化遗产</a>。目前，该区葫芦种植总面积达6000多亩，年产葫芦6000万个，占全国份额的60%，年销售额近3亿元，取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。“这样的葫芦，如果不经过加工雕刻，在当地农村集市上也就卖几毛钱一个，”当地人向我介绍葫芦雕刻艺术时说道，“最贵的一个，在香港卖出了十万元人民币！”据了解，堂邑镇有葫芦加工、雕刻专业户120个，葫芦产业的发展不仅丰富了当地群众的农闲生活，而且给他们带来了可观的经济收入。聊城是国家历史文化名城，现有国家非物质文化遗产项目11个，堂邑镇葫芦雕刻艺术是其中之一。（文/沈海滨）</p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;font-size: 17px;text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 566.605px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(205, 91, 71, 0.14);height: auto;border-width: 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 1 1 0%;height: auto;align-self: center;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: right;font-size: 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探索葫芦雕刻：中国非物质文化遗产的瑰宝 非物质文化遗产 - 京密石大全网

探索葫芦雕刻：中国非物质文化遗产的瑰宝非物质文化遗产 - 京密石大全网