CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135893218fc3f54',cH: 'WKH4uIq7DFcRf2d3whTcM1CLgxgTt1gkMl4mdy77Mbw-1739792776-1.2.1.1-QzmMWcnapSz6F0cVVnIUQdQmTvC_2MbdSI6U3NrzkSzeOOYHqF7Tq0D.k0NBUCjt',cUPMDTk: "\/17419\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=CfcUOJ9SN6c_exjLdW93bqRDLRS70N..pT6NskS6Oyw-1739792776-1.0.1.1-Y78RyUkxiajxp488tIDZ3_9llcneQ7bliTXuV35gdm4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739792776',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/17419\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=CfcUOJ9SN6c_exjLdW93bqRDLRS70N..pT6NskS6Oyw-1739792776-1.0.1.1-Y78RyUkxiajxp488tIDZ3_9llcneQ7bliTXuV35gdm4",md: "Iv8KhGEwPct3O3VOethrVPyhCfuYYuYaKM7.d9TFRas-1739792776-1.2.1.1-nYXQsNLYPrbDTzy38bv92eZrFkfcFx_habMhStKiz69EHtEFQI_gl6wm42Ov7VceqEMyaoFcNGb3o4C3xKfd0Z88y7NcU2hJ4T4fHdgUMMR3HJHcKJao8VnfH5.qWoc5x8x1N8BoKt6BkPWj2WpSV94.LEmpg.78zifUg.Bq.8A_HEr1M639PqX74EuxQkY77se8sVAsJjeLc0imDokVryJN3nixfd4uBXCSDDEfcG2Qfqu.BxhUNIwPOT5AVZYDUynsh6_PQTBHZKZegvna2uDGtdC2rXPZ2UZh0qfnW2QKGHghhh7ji9Xry3leGjoT986KIWyWKfQBm8vFEJDdJ1LiAnMSXXtu2ijuMyA_6xUlCF5_yfbYUGj_Xsqt0ioYoobrLoho66S8UL.WhqU4Qq26pxjOyVA25F2QW5IRN7PKxYGXiVVOk5WQSmYd_LTSWmW5shqxxwQ8v.YgJqe9iXHc4J3rouPX_lRwTfHPkVp_Zt571thlS3iRORnFjuAE9wG7m7ez9eljosVFy9MxZIJZ_Okft.7BTRcruXbNaXZpeboVvfXB.GoAR5KZIR27jQt0V2AjbnpQsInQ3rXR5WqBDuBxUW2yE2tmXQTe9i6mTRP4K5ScQ0AX_H9vdkFqi.xFZLhuhm4TpTHMJ3LNfKsSud01Xg.ALyZ06hWxyDUX7slBY_HNoNGRvAQyhuzgW2xuKtozlqie4juxV9q_5hpJBR5_ZklkgoBGMIk.eG6DLYc1QZnaRkOzCr1r1PzW_aYgKOVFjI..THGzAOLlfAuauguNpdwlYYpXOVghGiVQpEuR9EHN0BR52bT9BsQUitt3BI0kl_0Zqbop6fLo_QnKrcdv_S_9bm0a7.7Fucjy71cawYaTDwlww4DPkxqTDlHg.PPOuE_nuwOfLCDWmnNf47EAAJdWw1nfzkMw9XbFKG08WX4GNkHDx6gIKyB1Ib_GgjyxXE2MuuGHcSVvzmalaKUC4vrvCCg_bVb_yQjPG.FUJ3iwhzQioauBLsT9HL5ltc.ENESVcsrxJ6257u8fBaE7sS6thIOLlmdzdyjd0crRdYnImfJvuwuJdYs1uVgds_xKxnoZjaaip1tAijrLnzpk7gCtdSzGqNGKfWq_Tm1SVMfuLqFV5tqp0etWAcBP7kzNmoi70gCawv0ZYN3kTFmqa5UNS8AzMUdb2AYNAv2jqN5VmeUyIVFu69sMI4kDPQPn6pUSif1MdmkYBJX8Oa.T1OdOdGvAY9pFpQFEL48HU3wmPiFGzHR._68RUYv4_KU0zP9a2EZgBZHAhKkrfb.ihWD77yColOBc3FQcd_6I.uWFHO8NZAc3SKvfgVHIn9Z3DgHMeg6duRPa_U2VNYgsXE7sx4HzXztynlpzpzIr0LYNVYdY9FRYgaudD..6i0gXDFe.CTW0arVE.dC0oO88usL_Nu14X4.EpsqBFMAOFqyxNuL8Avok4gRN4MFEFFnlS7bnW1oueuY8RkS2PVV.vAy0CZg6syXBMDokALszm3SGt0fI8iUy9bqtMXRC5H_M4wWqvWqMKBp7kc9Bzf67kHAslcabvHQ1hzorloNUwBaXJjWRzWrOYzvAHGK6_n9KPIFbPTUozjsru32ZtE0NdqaFmGp0ocV2b5ns6u9LIEo4ymByawNPVstuADIKTVGGNmBMG8Cqt8BYsDpb7OLb0HDae8yCh9HMCvX5qQSRaMu0YETf4gevWt4EFOanImJp7NDfAXDeyGRa0uMYxcmDD3Qhpb3slXven_onP9JF8X_2G9JcByjdnn7uI6ilViLiSzAjczryLmlJz9.cs1HVHW_OFB10rHfM6sX8HqJFCM3sg9Vb9utLxiREwbcU25WS6jjypnSu36H.F8dU7fA7C9aiwSUsgt.BhOw",mdrd: "jpGkzNzngXqAZHgy06cql6XHYhMhctVk6nIpG3krhI8-1739792776-1.2.1.1-Khp5vfB1kRkr9y3mi8pMCFwE4PEfYJCdl4jYg.psPw.YziqFpWJE.tjg7w5sARZJgBojFdGqg.dQ_aO4hBzKaoXJGnIbQydBgGR1ZsF.9x28kzWN7mWQcgj3lAxKnk3_IJ2WNh1gSiCgvFbeR3ZXtJ1a_Z1uPdIMl9fegjYe5Uf8xLS8_RgD4NwTgsUonoaByMXROPSRqdbgwcg5cwQ01SNEeYa.HCQjVU6yYlRZLu.ffimTOyC16djeHZYKY_usOdAyvoyqqon.GPeeQkvcITihZFxOxfLw.90KFV0OIdkAUoKUojWA5jpfN_RrneZYMCPqdnL4ND7ALJQ2WKfAp3nxiPzEbC1YUSV3U6p.bbsXtnhCdvE5y8oLDU_IoryjsRazthJQNZIdU4pEUCyPgf9uk0q98tmJBsCmFux1HI5n_wQRkuUYOggWdWQfIHQFW1oNP7pYmVkafP2hmYMNZYb4kkJ345VpicGVFeBY9O3dPsClaCvKRwhsfXjq3xkZZAhtbsHHm3mldMmKT20C_ZiUQlwz7yl4nzb.E.Ly7DX0AEOaEO6iRRXsG2U2BAkNg8xRVvEHZ1uuyfDYlexPiEM95ZIycyjMMLdWtnB7uH5WADtizE_GYptqJeQDPYdfQ11pU6noUfK1l07R02.HkCOI4s0iObpsqvMue5mwSzi5KPhigqfwW.J0Fhjm0Ia0QCvYfJbK0ADj1WGOgP_zNpyKoCvEESjJktzJq7QF9H4f8AEXx3mD4_tTxgvAZ3WkbPr18t1kvt9oJhtLvtlXlAAOJ7qE6BxNTgrj8Rgs7RkKz7JM1DIF.GoiFgt4e7.bnDIP9Oqhlsw1soUFAMUVQqq3q6i9.pLB7.65k6.nnoN7Fg1sHW0v6J9Zx1v2avonRDWlvp0Wd6JFtQRio0IwAhFIGJU1Eew9S2iJqK42mdJXrkBWBveYozvCAg.NIo3M0L.KyYczBOiWppjawMwC3KnjiM7fS8126M7mLedHXWTwcR3T_5l_.yD3swk_dxwQ29vEZrMDISAVKH6wxS5y_rQhRuWggYZbTICave0wnkSF3lHvtwuzjkPygipxbESY6IKg2Zhwu3OCXuZuTpMEoL1yGKVUHUw71C4PplG0JlyelLG6Shq9sMc6dEFMksZ0I7YRCfvIHMSFpvSLjTvoXZcc9dWVKA2rNTgfSIekbvDbh7JShzJJW.hpCwER3eqid6ZH5gJUKQ920jYQRZkpHKsBuNGdGICixAikqe2e5_bTg8VLqH_F0drWdYPIun0aWWyl4T_G6mOLOWKamD.DMqGEt_AiEkgNoROr3lSUuGGacIgE0wuOzNxBP2v2pqGpkY4LfmkA79YKVdjk2bdYKABEY5t5PQ_CNkcHWEJfltS9bOn8PrGxbD4luKFq1cmYNJusVrpja6chu2jAldl0WSg0GWMvGg4tAdDzulP8561SzkqMOrEEmy9KQ2vMh07v2EjYDpnOkonw7WcFuolrid0ZXQgYJZMEa4ayQ4nEvBy6YsMP6TSgHCiMBwAvJOVcIshVUA2irqnv13ZRIoD5tKs8NbZE59FNa1P8xn2DA_wU76u1AFf1JWQuboJeA1uiqSA0gmbd7nfEtzahgLmLeu6PYDMYsffioNKF_fMdOewiIYrXQeoRVTwbMuCw__aotgEpK0xU7JTKKdYQ7R.mgyV6JozQ_b5_sCLoxrhtVv25in0hripEPZifJtOkPkNo1y01RCngEvfGORCt2DCBxbvnYLmDi6JXMS8Sbh9w1Ono0ynFy7jneV7iWfj.qYIJnX5uHsI_DKC_dj6aF8tXm9lqX.JlxDDQJX2VdfZQOj8KgWU_b.Eat5deUtqynwP8RXK9u6la1iTNdcWbcjRSdzsvPfH9gI3Bs1F1QeX4mY6Ne0ddmkj07OyYd2efpQEjVTv0u.n_Nn.e61f9xhcASR1DhxmLLQffYHtvMAcPgQm3PsDpiMVDOy18HrtJd22l"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135893218fc3f54';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/17419\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=CfcUOJ9SN6c_exjLdW93bqRDLRS70N..pT6NskS6Oyw-1739792776-1.0.1.1-Y78RyUkxiajxp488tIDZ3_9llcneQ7bliTXuV35gdm4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>