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RFC 2119 - Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels
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Best Current Practice </span> <br>March 1997 <br> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm my-1" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=2119" title="Click to view errata." rel="nofollow"> View errata </a> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-warning" title="Click to report an error in the document." href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata.php#reportnew" target="_blank"> Report errata </a> <div>Updated by <a href="/doc/html/rfc8174" title="Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words">RFC 8174</a></div> <div> Was <a href="/doc/draft-bradner-key-words/02/">draft-bradner-key-words</a> (individual) </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row">Select version</th> <td class="edit"></td> <td> <ul class="revision-list pagination pagination-sm text-center flex-wrap my-0"> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/doc/html/draft-bradner-key-words-02" rel="nofollow"> 02 </a> </li> <li class="page-item rfc active"> <a class="page-link" href="/doc/html/rfc2119"> RFC 2119 </a> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row">Compare versions</th> <td class="edit"></td> <td> <form class="form-horizontal diff-form" action="https://author-tools.ietf.org/iddiff" method="get" target="_blank"> <select class="form-select form-select-sm mb-1 select2-field" data-max-entries="1" data-width="resolve" data-allow-clear="false" data-minimum-input-length="0" aria-label="From revision" name="url1"> <option value="rfc2119"> RFC 2119 </option> <option value="draft-bradner-key-words-02" selected> draft-bradner-key-words-02 </option> </select> <select class="form-select form-select-sm mb-1 select2-field" data-max-entries="1" data-width="resolve" data-allow-clear="false" data-minimum-input-length="0" aria-label="To revision" name="url2"> <option value="rfc2119" selected> RFC 2119 </option> <option value="draft-bradner-key-words-02"> draft-bradner-key-words-02 </option> </select> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" value="--html" name="difftype"> Side-by-side </button> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" value="--hwdiff" name="difftype"> Inline </button> </form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row">Author</th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td> <span ><a title="Datatracker profile of Scott O. Bradner" href="/person/sob@sobco.com" >Scott O. Bradner</a> <a href="mailto:sob%40sobco.com" aria-label="Compose email to sob@sobco.com" title="Compose email to sob@sobco.com"> <i class="bi bi-envelope"></i></a></span> <br> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm mt-1" href="mailto:rfc2119@ietf.org?subject=rfc2119" title="Send email to the document authors">Email authors</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row"> RFC stream </th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td > <img alt="IETF Logo" class="d-lm-none w-25 mt-1" src="https://static.ietf.org/dt/12.28.2/ietf/images/ietf-logo-nor-white.svg" > <img alt="IETF Logo" class="d-dm-none w-25 mt-1" src="https://static.ietf.org/dt/12.28.2/ietf/images/ietf-logo-nor.svg" > </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row"> Other formats </th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td> <div class="buttonlist"> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" target="_blank" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"> <i class="bi bi-file-text"></i> txt </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" target="_blank" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.html"> <i class="bi bi-file-code"></i> html </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" download="rfc2119.pdf" target="_blank" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/pdfrfc/rfc2119.txt.pdf"> <i class="bi bi-file-pdf"></i> pdf </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" target="_blank" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html"> <i class="bi bi-file-diff"></i> w/errata </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" target="_blank" href="/doc/rfc2119/bibtex/"> <i class="bi bi-file-ruled"></i> bibtex </a> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"></th> <th scope="row"></th> <td class="edit"></td> <td> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-warning mb-3" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/ietf-tools/datatracker/issues/new/choose"> Report a bug <i class="bi bi-bug"></i> </a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="row g-0"> <div class="col-md-9 d-flex justify-content-center lh-sm" data-bs-spy="scroll" data-bs-target="#toc-nav" data-bs-smooth-scroll="true" tabindex="0" id="content"> <div class="rfcmarkup"> <br class="noprint"> <!-- [html-validate-disable-block attr-quotes, void-style, element-permitted-content, heading-level -- FIXME: rfcmarkup/rfc2html generates HTML with issues] --> <div class="rfcmarkup"><pre>Network Working Group S. Bradner Request for Comments: 2119 Harvard University BCP: 14 March 1997 Category: Best Current Practice <span class="h1">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</span> Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. Authors who follow these guidelines should incorporate this phrase near the beginning of their document: The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in <a href="/doc/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>. Note that the force of these words is modified by the requirement level of the document in which they are used. <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>. MUST </span> This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", mean that the definition is an absolute requirement of the specification. <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>. MUST NOT </span> This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", mean that the definition is an absolute prohibition of the specification. <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. SHOULD </span> This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a particular item, but the full implications must be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a different course. <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>. SHOULD NOT </span> This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" mean that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed before implementing any behavior described with this label. <span class="grey">Bradner Best Current Practice [Page 1]</span></pre> <hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-2" ></span> <span class="grey"><a href="/doc/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a> RFC Key Words March 1997</span> <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>. MAY </span> This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item. An implementation which does not include a particular option MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the same vein an implementation which does include a particular option MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the option provides.) <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>. Guidance in the use of these Imperatives</span> Imperatives of the type defined in this memo must be used with care and sparingly. In particular, they MUST only be used where it is actually required for interoperation or to limit behavior which has potential for causing harm (e.g., limiting retransmisssions) For example, they must not be used to try to impose a particular method on implementors where the method is not required for interoperability. <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>. Security Considerations</span> These terms are frequently used to specify behavior with security implications. The effects on security of not implementing a MUST or SHOULD, or doing something the specification says MUST NOT or SHOULD NOT be done may be very subtle. Document authors should take the time to elaborate the security implications of not following recommendations or requirements as most implementors will not have had the benefit of the experience and discussion that produced the specification. <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>. Acknowledgments</span> The definitions of these terms are an amalgam of definitions taken from a number of RFCs. In addition, suggestions have been incorporated from a number of people including Robert Ullmann, Thomas Narten, Neal McBurnett, and Robert Elz. <span class="grey">Bradner Best Current Practice [Page 2]</span></pre> <hr class='noprint'/><!--NewPage--><pre class='newpage'><span id="page-3" ></span> <span class="grey"><a href="/doc/html/rfc2119">RFC 2119</a> RFC Key Words March 1997</span> <span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>. Author's Address</span> Scott Bradner Harvard University 1350 Mass. Ave. Cambridge, MA 02138 phone - +1 617 495 3864 email - sob@harvard.edu Bradner Best Current Practice [Page 3] </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="d-print-none col-md-3 bg-light-subtle collapse show" id="sidebar"> <div class="position-fixed border-start sidebar overflow-scroll overscroll-none no-scrollbar"> <div class="d-flex flex-column vh-100 pt-2 pt-lg-3 ps-3 pl-md-2 pl-lg-3"> <div> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" href="/doc/rfc2119/">Datatracker</a> <p class="fw-bold pt-2"> RFC 2119 <br> <span class="text-success">RFC - Best Current Practice </span> </p> </div> <ul class="nav nav-tabs nav-fill small me-2" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation" title="Document information"> <button class="nav-link px-2" id="docinfo-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#docinfo-tab-pane" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="docinfo-tab-pane" aria-selected="true"> <i class="bi bi-info-circle"></i><span class="d-none d-md-block d-xl-inline ms-xl-1">Info</span> </button> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation" title="Table of contents"> <button class="nav-link px-2" id="toc-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#toc-tab-pane" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="toc-tab-pane" aria-selected="false"> <i class="bi bi-list-ol"></i><span class="d-none d-md-block d-xl-inline ms-xl-1">Contents</span> </button> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation" title="Preferences"> <button class="nav-link px-2" id="pref-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" data-bs-target="#pref-tab-pane" type="button" role="tab" aria-controls="pref-tab-pane" aria-selected="false"> <i class="bi bi-gear"></i><span class="d-none d-md-block d-xl-inline ms-xl-1">Prefs</span> </button> </li> </ul> <div class="overflow-auto tab-content pt-2 me-2"> <div class="tab-pane" id="docinfo-tab-pane" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="docinfo-tab" tabindex="0"> <table class="table table-sm table-borderless"> <tbody class="meta align-top "> <tr> <th scope="row">Document</th> <th scope="row">Document type</th> <td class="edit"></td> <td> <span class="text-success">RFC - Best Current Practice </span> <br>March 1997 <br> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm my-1" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=2119" title="Click to view errata." rel="nofollow"> View errata </a> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-warning" title="Click to report an error in the document." href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata.php#reportnew" target="_blank"> Report errata </a> <div>Updated by <a href="/doc/html/rfc8174" title="Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words">RFC 8174</a></div> <div> Was <a href="/doc/draft-bradner-key-words/02/">draft-bradner-key-words</a> (individual) </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row">Select version</th> <td class="edit"></td> <td> <ul class="revision-list pagination pagination-sm text-center flex-wrap my-0"> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="/doc/html/draft-bradner-key-words-02" rel="nofollow"> 02 </a> </li> <li class="page-item rfc active"> <a class="page-link" href="/doc/html/rfc2119"> RFC 2119 </a> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row">Compare versions</th> <td class="edit"></td> <td> <form class="form-horizontal diff-form" action="https://author-tools.ietf.org/iddiff" method="get" target="_blank"> <select class="form-select form-select-sm mb-1 select2-field" data-max-entries="1" data-width="resolve" data-allow-clear="false" data-minimum-input-length="0" aria-label="From revision" name="url1"> <option value="rfc2119"> RFC 2119 </option> <option value="draft-bradner-key-words-02" selected> draft-bradner-key-words-02 </option> </select> <select class="form-select form-select-sm mb-1 select2-field" data-max-entries="1" data-width="resolve" data-allow-clear="false" data-minimum-input-length="0" aria-label="To revision" name="url2"> <option value="rfc2119" selected> RFC 2119 </option> <option value="draft-bradner-key-words-02"> draft-bradner-key-words-02 </option> </select> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" value="--html" name="difftype"> Side-by-side </button> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" value="--hwdiff" name="difftype"> Inline </button> </form> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row">Author</th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td> <span ><a title="Datatracker profile of Scott O. 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id="pref-tab-pane" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="pref-tab" tabindex="0"> <label class="form-label fw-bold mb-2">Show sidebar by default</label> <div class="btn-group-vertical btn-group-sm d-flex" role="group"> <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="sidebar" id="on-radio"> <label class="btn btn-outline-primary" for="on-radio">Yes</label> <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="sidebar" id="off-radio"> <label class="btn btn-outline-primary" for="off-radio">No</label> </div> <label class="form-label fw-bold mt-4 mb-2">Tab to show by default</label> <div class="btn-group-vertical btn-group-sm d-flex" role="group"> <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="deftab" id="docinfo-radio"> <label class="btn btn-outline-primary" for="docinfo-radio"> <i class="bi bi-info-circle me-1"></i>Info </label> <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="deftab" id="toc-radio"> <label class="btn btn-outline-primary" for="toc-radio"> <i class="bi bi-list-ol me-1"></i>Contents </label> </div> 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name="pagedeps" id="inline-radio"> <label class="btn btn-outline-primary" for="inline-radio" title="Generate larger, standalone web pages that do not require network access to render."> <i class="bi bi-box me-1"></i>Inline </label> <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="pagedeps" id="reference-radio"> <label class="btn btn-outline-primary" for="reference-radio" title="Generate regular web pages that require network access to render."> <i class="bi bi-link-45deg me-1"></i>Reference </label> </div> <label class="form-label fw-bold mt-4 mb-2">Citation links</label> <div class="btn-group-vertical btn-group-sm d-flex" role="group"> <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="reflinks" id="refsection-radio"> <label class="btn btn-outline-primary" for="refsection-radio" title="Citation links go to the reference section."> <i class="bi bi-arrow-clockwise"></i> Go to reference section </label> <input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="reflinks" id="citation-radio"> <label class="btn 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