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class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3676955/_The_De_Militari_Scientia_or_M%C3%BCller_Fragment_as_a_philological_resource_Latin_in_the_East_Roman_army_and_two_new_loanwords_in_Greek_palmarium_and_recala_Glotta_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_griechische_und_lateinische_Sprache_86_2010_63_92">‘The De Militari Scientia or Müller Fragment as a philological resource. Latin in the East Roman army and two new loanwords in Greek: palmarium and *recala’, Glotta. Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache 86 (2010) 63-92</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4480027" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/PhilipRance">Philip Rance</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT: The continued use of Latin as the official Heeressprache of the East Roman Empire up to the 630s supplies the context for an examination of a text virtually unknown to classical scholarship. Mediceo-Laurentianus graecus LV-4 contains an anonymous and mutilated Greek military treatise, published by Karl Müller in 1880 and subsequently styled De Militari Scientia. Its character, date and textual affinities are briefly considered, concluding that it is an informal epitome or ‘working copy’ of Maurice’s Strategicon (ca. 590s), possibly compiled ca. 630s–640s as an aide-mémoire for a senior officer. This treatise is a unique witness to two loanwords from Latin – παλμάριον (palmarium) and ῥέκαλα (*recala), neither previously documented in lexica, and the latter not directly attested in Latin. The author’s usage of the construction ῥέκαλα δίδωμι ῥέκαλα ποιέω, with the sense ‘to make a withdrawal’, now permits recognition of the corresponding expression recala facio in the highly corrupted text of a Latin speech preserved in the Strategicon. KEYWORDS: Maurice’s Strategikon / Strategicon, Müller Fragment, De Militari Scientia, Late Roman army, Latin Language, Vulgar Latin</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"‘The De Militari Scientia or Müller Fragment as a philological resource. Latin in the East Roman army and two new loanwords in Greek: palmarium and *recala’, Glotta. Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache 86 (2010) 63-92","attachmentId":65923032,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3676955/_The_De_Militari_Scientia_or_M%C3%BCller_Fragment_as_a_philological_resource_Latin_in_the_East_Roman_army_and_two_new_loanwords_in_Greek_palmarium_and_recala_Glotta_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_griechische_und_lateinische_Sprache_86_2010_63_92","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3676955/_The_De_Militari_Scientia_or_M%C3%BCller_Fragment_as_a_philological_resource_Latin_in_the_East_Roman_army_and_two_new_loanwords_in_Greek_palmarium_and_recala_Glotta_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_griechische_und_lateinische_Sprache_86_2010_63_92"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="32205813" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32205813/THE_ROMAN_ARMY_IN_DALMATIA_431_La_presencia_de_militares_en_Narona_Vid_Metkovi%C4%87_Croacia_y_las_cohortes_auxiliares_de_la_zona_en_C_Wolff_P_Faure_eds_Les_auxiliaires_de_l_arm%C3%A9e_romaine_Des_alli%C3%A9s_aux_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_Lyon_2016_CEROR_51_pp_431_444_bibliograf%C3%ADa_pp_627_725">THE ROMAN ARMY IN DALMATIA: 431. La presencia de militares en Narona, Vid, Metković, Croacia, y las cohortes auxiliares de la zona, en C. Wolff, P. Faure, eds., Les auxiliaires de l’armée romaine. Des alliés aux fédérés, Lyon 2016 (CEROR, 51), pp. 431-444, bibliografía pp. 627-725.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4098101" href="https://barcelona.academia.edu/MarcMayerOliv%C3%A9">Marc Mayer-Olivé</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE ROMAN ARMY IN DALMATIA: 431.\tLa presencia de militares en Narona, Vid, Metković, Croacia, y las cohortes auxiliares de la zona, en C. Wolff, P. Faure, eds., Les auxiliaires de l’armée romaine. Des alliés aux fédérés, Lyon 2016 (CEROR, 51), pp. 431-444, bibliografía pp. 627-725.","attachmentId":52435746,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32205813/THE_ROMAN_ARMY_IN_DALMATIA_431_La_presencia_de_militares_en_Narona_Vid_Metkovi%C4%87_Croacia_y_las_cohortes_auxiliares_de_la_zona_en_C_Wolff_P_Faure_eds_Les_auxiliaires_de_l_arm%C3%A9e_romaine_Des_alli%C3%A9s_aux_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_Lyon_2016_CEROR_51_pp_431_444_bibliograf%C3%ADa_pp_627_725","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32205813/THE_ROMAN_ARMY_IN_DALMATIA_431_La_presencia_de_militares_en_Narona_Vid_Metkovi%C4%87_Croacia_y_las_cohortes_auxiliares_de_la_zona_en_C_Wolff_P_Faure_eds_Les_auxiliaires_de_l_arm%C3%A9e_romaine_Des_alli%C3%A9s_aux_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_Lyon_2016_CEROR_51_pp_431_444_bibliograf%C3%ADa_pp_627_725"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="92967913" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92967913/The_etymology_of_Commios_Title_or_Personal_name_docx">The etymology of Commios Title or Personal name.docx</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="159069039" href="https://rkus-ott.academia.edu/Williampullen">William Pullen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The word Commius (Commios, Comius, Comnios) has no obvious meaning in common Celtic, though ‘friend’ or perhaps literally ‘one who lives with? has been suggested by many etymologists because Com- tends to mean ‘with’ or “together” from archaic form of classical Latin Cum, translated into Germanic means Ge-. Commios might mean something like ‘hill’ In Germanic, as a version of the geographical term comb or kame, from PIE “gembh”. (Commius - Roman Era Names 23 Jun 2017) (Chris Rudd 2010 Ancient British kings and other significant Britons) These etymologies would imply the Celtic name/title was remarkably Romanised for the early date of 57 – 50 B.C or possibly being a Roman invention applied to their Gallic allies, most famously Commius the Atrebatian, literally meaning ‘friendly’, ‘with’ or ‘together’ (G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The etymology of Commios Title or Personal name.docx","attachmentId":95836048,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92967913/The_etymology_of_Commios_Title_or_Personal_name_docx","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92967913/The_etymology_of_Commios_Title_or_Personal_name_docx"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="104142710" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104142710/The_Origin_of_Some_Military_Terms">The Origin of Some Military Terms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="271308390" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioMartinez1250">Antonio Martinez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES/SODOBNI VOJAŠKI IZZIVI</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The influence of the Roman Empire on Great Britain was deep, and Latin was the commonly used lingua franca at that time. The terms used for some ranks, weapons, cities, and others in many cases have their etymological origin in Latin or old English, or their derivatives in Romance languages. In the military realm, the hierarchical chain of command is defined by ranks such as the word ‘officer.’ In the case of cities, it is possible to know the influence of Roman locations in Great Britain from their names, as in the example of ‘Chesterfield’. Some words come from acronyms of specifically English etymology, as in ‘radar’, while others represent the full meaning of an organization, hierarchy, and so on, such as the word ‘army’.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Origin of Some Military Terms","attachmentId":103947808,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104142710/The_Origin_of_Some_Military_Terms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104142710/The_Origin_of_Some_Military_Terms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":63415874,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":63415874,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_63415874" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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