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class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pope Pius VII</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Pope_Pius_VII" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Pope Pius VII</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Pio VII</i>; born <b>Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823) was head of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. He ruled the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> from June 1800 to 17 May 1809 and again from 1814 to his death. Chiaramonti was also a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Order of Saint Benedict</a> in addition to being a well-known <a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologian</a> and bishop. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #F7D79C;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;">Pope Servant of God</div><br><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Pius VII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Rome">Bishop of Rome</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_Pope_Pius_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sir_Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_Pope_Pius_VII.jpg/220px-Sir_Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_Pope_Pius_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sir_Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_Pope_Pius_VII.jpg/330px-Sir_Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_Pope_Pius_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sir_Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_Pope_Pius_VII.jpg/440px-Sir_Thomas_Lawrence_-_Portrait_of_Pope_Pius_VII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3361" data-file-height="5177"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence" title="Thomas Lawrence">Thomas Lawrence</a>, 1819</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Papacy began</th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1800</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Papacy ended</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 1823</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leo_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo XII">Leo XII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous post(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>Abbot of <a href="/wiki/San_Paolo_fuori_le_Mura" class="mw-redirect" title="San Paolo fuori le Mura">San Paolo fuori le Mura</a> (1775–1782)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Tivoli" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Tivoli">Bishop of Tivoli</a> (1782–1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Imola" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Imola">Bishop of Imola</a> (1785–1816)</li> <li>Cardinal-Priest of <a href="/wiki/San_Callisto" title="San Callisto">San Callisto</a> (1785–1800)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">21 September 1765</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">21 December 1782<br>by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_de_Zelada" title="Francesco Saverio de Zelada">Francesco Saverio de Zelada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created cardinal</th><td class="infobox-data">14 February 1785<br>by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pius VI</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti</div><br><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1742-08-14</span>)</span>14 August 1742<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 1823<span style="display:none">(1823-08-20)</span> (aged 81)<br><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Aquila Rapax</i> ("Rapacious eagle")<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pius_VII_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pius VII's signature"><img alt="Pius VII's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pius_VII_signature.svg/130px-Pius_VII_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pius_VII_signature.svg/195px-Pius_VII_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Pius_VII_signature.svg/260px-Pius_VII_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2379" data-file-height="770"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat of arms</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pius VII's coat of arms"><img alt="Pius VII's coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg/50px-C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg/75px-C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg/100px-C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1179"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pope Pius (disambiguation)">Other popes named Pius</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chiaramonti was made <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Tivoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Tivoli">Bishop of Tivoli</a> in 1782, and resigned that position upon his appointment as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Imola" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Imola">Bishop of Imola</a> in 1785. That same year, he was made a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinal</a>. In 1789, the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> took place, and as a result a series of anti-clerical governments came into power in the country. In 1798,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>, French troops under <a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a> invaded Rome and captured <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a>, taking him as a prisoner to France, where he died in 1799. The following year, after a <i><a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">sede vacante</a></i> period lasting approximately six months, Chiaramonti was elected to the papacy, taking the name Pius VII. </p><p>Pius at first attempted to take a cautious approach in dealing with Napoleon. With him he signed the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a>, through which he succeeded in guaranteeing religious freedom for <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> living in France, and was present at his coronation as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a> in 1804. In 1809, however, during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Napoleon once again invaded the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, resulting in his excommunication through the papal bull <i><a href="/wiki/Quum_memoranda" title="Quum memoranda">Quum memoranda</a></i>. Pius VII was taken prisoner and transported to <a href="/wiki/French_First_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French First Empire">France</a>. He remained there until 1814 when, after the French were defeated, he was permitted to return to Italy, where he was greeted warmly as a hero and defender of the faith. </p><p>Pius lived the remainder of his life in relative peace. His papacy saw a significant growth of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholic Church in the United States</a>, where Pius established several new dioceses. Pius VII died in 1823 at age 81. </p><p>In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> began the process towards <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonizing</a> him as a saint, and he was granted the title <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Episcopate_and_cardinalate"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Episcopate and cardinalate</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Papacy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Papacy</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Election"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Election</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Concordat_of_1801"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Concordat of 1801</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Exile"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Exile</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Relationship_with_Napoleon_I"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship with Napoleon I</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Restoration_of_the_Jesuits"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Restoration of the Jesuits</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Opposition_to_slavery"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Opposition to slavery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Reinstitution_of_Jewish_Ghetto"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Reinstitution of Jewish Ghetto</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Other_activities"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Other activities</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Cultural_innovations"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Cultural innovations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Canonizations_and_beatifications"><span class="tocnumber">2.10</span> <span class="toctext">Canonizations and beatifications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Consistories"><span class="tocnumber">2.11</span> <span class="toctext">Consistories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#The_possible_miracle_of_Pius_VII"><span class="tocnumber">2.12</span> <span class="toctext">The possible miracle of Pius VII</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Relationship_with_the_United_States"><span class="tocnumber">2.13</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship with the United States</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Condemnation_of_heresy"><span class="tocnumber">2.14</span> <span class="toctext">Condemnation of heresy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Death_and_burial"><span class="tocnumber">2.15</span> <span class="toctext">Death and burial</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Beatification_process"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Beatification process</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Monuments"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Monuments</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Encyclicals"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Encyclicals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Motu_proprio"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Motu proprio</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Papal_bull"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Papal bull</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805,_Albertinum,_Dresden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg/170px-Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="3088"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg/170px-Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg/255px-Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg/340px-Pope_Pius_VII_by_Antonio_Canova_1805%2C_Albertinum%2C_Dresden.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Pope Pius VII by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a> 1805, <a href="/wiki/Albertinum" title="Albertinum">Albertinum</a>, Dresden</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesena,_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cesena%2C_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG/140px-Cesena%2C_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 140px;height: 187px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cesena%2C_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG/140px-Cesena%2C_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG" data-width="140" data-height="187" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cesena%2C_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG/210px-Cesena%2C_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cesena%2C_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG/280px-Cesena%2C_casa_natale_di_papa_pio_VII_chiaramonti_01.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The birthplace of Pius VII</figcaption></figure> <p>Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti was born in <a href="/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a> in 1742, the youngest son of <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a> Scipione Chiaramonti (30 April 1698 – 13 September 1750). His mother, Giovanna Coronata (? - 22 November 1777), was the daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess</a> Ghini. Though his family was of noble status, they were not wealthy but rather, were of middle-class stock. </p><p><br> Barnaba attended the Collegio dei Nobili in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a> but decided to join the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Order of Saint Benedict</a> at the age of 14 on 2 October 1756 as a novice at the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Santa_Maria_del_Monte" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Santa Maria del Monte">Abbey of Santa Maria del Monte</a> in Cesena. Two years after this on 20 August 1758, he became a professed member and assumed the name of <i>Gregorio</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Montor_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He taught at Benedictine colleges in <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and was <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy orders (Catholic Church)">ordained</a> a <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">priest</a> on 21 September 1765. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Episcopate_and_cardinalate">Episcopate and cardinalate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Episcopate and cardinalate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A series of promotions resulted after his relative, Giovanni Angelo Braschi, was elected <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a> (1775–99).<sup id="cite_ref-Montor_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years before this election occurred, in 1773, Chiaramonti became the personal confessor to Braschi. In 1776, Pius VI appointed the 34-year-old <a href="/wiki/Dom_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom (title)">Dom</a> Gregory, who had been teaching at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anselmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Anselmo">Sant'Anselmo</a> in Rome, as honorary <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> <i><a href="/wiki/In_commendam" title="In commendam">in commendam</a></i> of his monastery. Although this was an ancient practice, it drew complaints from the monks of the community, as monastic communities generally felt it was not in keeping with the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Rule of St. Benedict">Rule of St. Benedict</a>. He served as librarian at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a>. </p><p>In December 1782, the pope appointed Dom Gregory as the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Tivoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Tivoli">Bishop of Tivoli</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. Pius VI soon named him, in February 1785, the Cardinal-Priest of <a href="/wiki/San_Callisto" title="San Callisto">San Callisto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Imola" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Imola">Bishop of Imola</a>, an office he held until 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Army invaded Italy</a> in 1797, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> Chiaramonti counseled temperance and submission to the newly created <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a>. In a letter that he addressed to the people of his diocese, Chiaramonti asked them to comply "... in the current circumstances of change of government (...)" to the authority of the victorious general Commander-in-Chief of the French army. In his <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> <a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">homily</a> that year, he asserted that there was no opposition between a <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic</a> form of government and being a good Catholic: "Christian virtue makes men good democrats.... Equality is not an idea of philosophers but of Christ...and do not believe that the Catholic religion is against democracy."<sup id="cite_ref-bokenkotter_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bokenkotter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Papacy">Papacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Papacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: gold;"><span style="font-size:80%">Papal styles of</span><br><b><span class="fn">Pope Pius VII</span></b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg/60px-C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1179"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 60px;height: 70px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg/60px-C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg.png" data-width="60" data-height="70" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg/90px-C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg/120px-C_o_a_Pius_VII.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/His_Holiness" class="mw-redirect" title="His Holiness">His Holiness</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Your Holiness</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religious style</th><td class="infobox-data">Holy Father</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Posthumous style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave,_1799%E2%80%931800" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal conclave, 1799–1800">Papal conclave, 1799–1800</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ile_san_giorgio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ile_san_giorgio.jpg/165px-Ile_san_giorgio.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="123" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="335"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 165px;height: 123px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ile_san_giorgio.jpg/165px-Ile_san_giorgio.jpg" data-width="165" data-height="123" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ile_san_giorgio.jpg/248px-Ile_san_giorgio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ile_san_giorgio.jpg/330px-Ile_san_giorgio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Site of the papal conclave that elected Pius VII</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the death of Pope Pius VI, by then virtually France's prisoner, at <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme">Valence</a> in 1799, the <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">conclave</a> to elect his successor met on 30 November 1799 in the Benedictine <a href="/wiki/San_Giorgio_Monastery" title="San Giorgio Monastery">San Giorgio Monastery</a> in Venice. There were three main candidates, two of whom proved to be unacceptable to the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a>, whose candidate, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Mattei" title="Alessandro Mattei">Alessandro Mattei</a>, could not secure sufficient votes. However, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bellisomi" title="Carlo Bellisomi">Carlo Bellisomi</a> also was a candidate, though not favoured by <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austrian</a> cardinals; a "virtual veto"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was imposed against him in the name of <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a> and carried out by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Franziskus_Herzan_von_Harras" title="Franziskus Herzan von Harras">Franziskus Herzan von Harras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After several months of stalemate, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Sifrein_Maury" title="Jean-Sifrein Maury">Jean-Sifrein Maury</a> proposed Chiaramonti as a compromise candidate. On 14 March 1800, Chiaramonti was elected pope, certainly not the choice of die-hard opponents of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, and took as his pontifical name Pius VII in honour of his immediate predecessor.<sup id="cite_ref-bokenkotter_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bokenkotter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Papal_coronation" title="Papal coronation">crowned</a> on 21 March, in the adjacent <a href="/wiki/San_Giorgio_Maggiore_(church),_Venice" title="San Giorgio Maggiore (church), Venice">monastery church</a>, by means of a rather unusual ceremony, wearing a <a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">papier-mâché</a> <a href="/wiki/Papal_Tiara#Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal Tiara">papal tiara</a>. The French had seized the tiaras held by the Holy See when occupying Rome and forcing Pius VI into exile. The new pope then left for Rome, sailing on a barely seaworthy Austrian ship, the <i>Bellona</i>, which lacked even a <a href="/wiki/Galley_(kitchen)" title="Galley (kitchen)">galley</a>. The twelve-day voyage ended at <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a> and he proceeded to Rome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concordat_of_1801">Concordat of 1801</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Concordat of 1801" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg/220px-Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3622" data-file-height="4338"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 263px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg/220px-Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="263" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg/330px-Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg/440px-Jacques-Louis_David_018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Pope_Pius_VII" title="Portrait of Pope Pius VII">Portrait of Pope Pius VII</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_on_wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil on wood">oil on wood</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a> (1805, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris)</figcaption></figure> <p>One of Pius VII's first acts was appointing the <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor cleric</a> <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Consalvi" title="Ercole Consalvi">Ercole Consalvi</a>, who had performed so ably as secretary to the recent conclave, to the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a> and to the office of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a>. Consalvi immediately left for France, where he was able to negotiate the <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a> with the <a href="/wiki/First_Consul" class="mw-redirect" title="First Consul">First Consul</a> <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While not effecting a return to the old Christian order, the treaty did provide certain civil guarantees to the Church, acknowledging "the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman religion" as that of the "majority of French citizens".<sup id="cite_ref-georgetown1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-georgetown1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main terms of the concordat between France and the pope included: </p> <ul><li>A proclamation that "Catholicism was the religion of the great majority of the French" but was not the official religion, maintaining religious freedom, in particular with respect to <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a>.</li> <li>The Pope had the right to depose <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a>.</li> <li>The state would pay clerical salaries and the clergy swore an oath of allegiance to the state.</li> <li>The church gave up all claims to church lands that were taken after 1790.</li> <li>Sunday was reestablished as a "festival", effective <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> Sunday, 18 April 1802.</li></ul> <p>As pope, he followed a policy of cooperation with the French Republic and subsequently Empire. He was present at the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="Coronation of Napoleon">coronation of Napoleon</a> in 1804. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile">Exile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Exile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png/220px-Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="2430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 234px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png/220px-Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png" data-width="220" data-height="234" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png/330px-Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png/440px-Pie_VII_Arrestation_par_le_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Radet.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The arrest of Pius VII</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_pape_pie_VII_recevant_l%27extr%C3%AAme_onction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Le_pape_pie_VII_recevant_l%27extr%C3%AAme_onction.jpg/220px-Le_pape_pie_VII_recevant_l%27extr%C3%AAme_onction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="286"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Le_pape_pie_VII_recevant_l%27extr%C3%AAme_onction.jpg/220px-Le_pape_pie_VII_recevant_l%27extr%C3%AAme_onction.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Le_pape_pie_VII_recevant_l%27extr%C3%AAme_onction.jpg/330px-Le_pape_pie_VII_recevant_l%27extr%C3%AAme_onction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Le_pape_pie_VII_recevant_l%27extr%C3%AAme_onction.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Pius VII receives <a href="/wiki/Extreme_unction" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme unction">extreme unction</a> while Napoleon's prisoner in 1812.</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to a reluctance to align the Papal States join the <a href="/wiki/Continental_System" title="Continental System">Continental System</a>, France occupied and <a href="/wiki/Annexed_the_Papal_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexed the Papal States">annexed the Papal States</a> in 1809 and exiled Pius VII to <a href="/wiki/Savona" title="Savona">Savona</a>. On 15 November 1809 Pius VII consecrated the church at La Voglina, <a href="/wiki/Valenza" title="Valenza">Valenza</a>, Piedmont with the intention of the Villa La Voglina becoming his spiritual base whilst in exile. Unfortunately his residency was short lived once Napoleon became aware of his intentions of establishing a permanent base and he was soon exiled to France. Despite this, the pope continued to refer to Napoleon as "my dear son" but added that he was "a somewhat stubborn son, but a son still". </p><p>This exile ended only when Pius VII signed the Concordat of Fontainebleau in 1813. One result of this new treaty was the release of the exiled cardinals, including Consalvi, who, upon re-joining the papal retinue, persuaded Pius VII to revoke the concessions he had made in it. This Pius VII began to do in March 1814, which led the French authorities to re-arrest many of the opposing prelates. Their confinement, however, lasted only a matter of weeks, as Napoleon <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdicated</a> on 11 April of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As soon as Pius VII returned to Rome, he immediately revived the <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index of Condemned Books</a>. </p><p>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Pacca" title="Bartolomeo Pacca">Bartolomeo Pacca</a>, who was kidnapped along with Pope Pius VII, took the office of Pro-Secretary of State in 1808 and maintained his memoirs during his exile. His memoirs, written originally in Italian, have been translated into English (two volumes)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and describe the ups and down of their exile and the triumphant return to Rome in 1814. </p><p>Pius VII's imprisonment did in fact come with one bright side for him. It gave him an aura that recognized him as a living martyr, so that when he arrived back in Rome in May 1814, he was greeted most warmly by the Italians as a hero.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Napoleon_I">Relationship with Napoleon I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relationship with Napoleon I" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_(1805-1807).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/220px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3773"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/220px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/330px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg/440px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Pope Pius VII presided over the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Napoleon I">coronation of Napoleon I</a>, as depicted by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Napoleon and the Catholic Church">Napoleon and the Catholic Church</a></div> <p>From the time of his election as pope to the fall of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in 1815, Pius VII's reign was completely taken up in dealing with France.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and the Emperor were continually in conflict, often involving the French military leader's wishes for concessions to his demands. Pius VII wanted his own release from exile as well as the return of the Papal States, and, later on, the release of the 13 "Black Cardinals", i.e., the cardinals, including Consalvi, who had snubbed the marriage of Napoleon to <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a>, believing that his previous marriage was still valid, and had been exiled and impoverished in consequence of their stand,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with several exiled or imprisoned prelates, priests, monks, nuns and other various supporters. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png/220px-David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="817"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 282px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png/220px-David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png" data-width="220" data-height="282" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png/330px-David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png/440px-David-wilkie-Napoleon-and-pope-pius-vii-at-fontainebleau-1836.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_and_Pius_VII_at_Fontainebleau" title="Napoleon and Pius VII at Fontainebleau">Napoleon and Pius VII at Fontainebleau</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Wilkie_(artist)" title="David Wilkie (artist)">David Wilkie</a>, 1836</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restoration_of_the_Jesuits">Restoration of the Jesuits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Restoration of the Jesuits" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</a></div> <p>On 7 March 1801, Pius VII issued the brief <i>Catholicae fidei</i> that approved the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and appointed its first superior general as <a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Kareu" title="Franciszek Kareu">Franciszek Kareu</a>. This was the first step in the restoration of the order. On 31 July 1814, he signed the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sollicitudo_omnium_ecclesiarum" title="Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum">Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum</a></i> which universally restored the Society of Jesus to its previous provinces, and the Jesuits began to resume their work in those countries.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appointed <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Brzozowski" title="Tadeusz Brzozowski">Tadeusz Brzozowski</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Superior_General_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior General of the Society of Jesus">Superior General of the order</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG/100px-Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG/100px-Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG" data-width="100" data-height="133" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG/150px-Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG/200px-Pope_Pius_VII_statue.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_slavery">Opposition to slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Opposition to slavery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Pius VII joined the declaration of the 1815 <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, represented by Cardinal Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Consalvi" title="Ercole Consalvi">Ercole Consalvi</a>, and urged the suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. This pertained particularly to places such as <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_colonial_Spanish_America" title="Slavery in colonial Spanish America">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> where slavery was economically very important. The pope wrote a letter to King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a> of France dated 20 September 1814 and to King <a href="/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal" title="John VI of Portugal">John VI of Portugal</a> in 1823 to urge the end of slavery. He condemned the slave trade and defined the sale of people as an injustice to the dignity of the human person. In his letter to the king of Portugal, he wrote: "the pope regrets that this trade in blacks, that he believed having ceased, is still exercised in some regions and even more cruel way. He begs and begs the King of Portugal that it implement all its authority and wisdom to extirpate this unholy and abominable shame." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reinstitution_of_Jewish_Ghetto">Reinstitution of Jewish Ghetto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reinstitution of Jewish Ghetto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Under Napoleonic rule, the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Roman_Ghetto" title="Roman Ghetto">Roman Ghetto</a> had been abolished and Jews were free to live and move where they would. Following the restoration of Papal rule, Pius VII re-instituted the confinement of Jews to the Ghetto, having the doors closed at nighttime.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other activities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Special:EditPage/Pope Pius VII">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pope+Pius+VII%22">"Pope Pius VII"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pope+Pius+VII%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pope+Pius+VII%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pope+Pius+VII%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pope+Pius+VII%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pope+Pius+VII%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pius VII issued an encyclical <i>Diu satis</i> in order to advocate a return to the values of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> and universalized the feast of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows" title="Our Lady of Sorrows">Our Lady of Sorrows</a> for 15 September. He condemned <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> and the movement of the <a href="/wiki/Carbonari" title="Carbonari">Carbonari</a> in the papal bull <i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiam_a_Jesu_Christo" title="Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo">Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo</a></i> in 1821. Pius VII asserted that Freemasons must be excommunicated and it linked them with the Carbonari, an anti-clerical revolutionary group in Italy. All members of the Carbonari were also excommunicated. </p><p>His concerns about the work of non-Catholic <a href="/wiki/Bible_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible societies">bible societies</a> were acknowledged by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XVI" title="Pope Gregory XVI">Pope Gregory XVI</a> in the latter's 1844 encyclical letter <i><a href="/wiki/Inter_praecipuas_machinationes" title="Inter praecipuas machinationes">Inter Praecipuas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pius VII was multilingual and had the ability to speak Italian, French, English and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png/195px-Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png" decoding="async" width="195" height="209" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1959" data-file-height="2097"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 195px;height: 209px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png/195px-Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png" data-width="195" data-height="209" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png/293px-Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png/390px-Pie_VII_Travaux_pour_l%27ob%C3%A9lisque.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Pius VII reviews plans for the obelisk on the <a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Hill" title="Quirinal Hill">Quirinal Hill</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_innovations">Cultural innovations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cultural innovations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Pius VII was a man of culture and attempted to reinvigorate Rome with archaeological excavations in Ostia which revealed ruins and icons from ancient times. He also had walls and other buildings rebuilt and restored the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a>. He ordered the construction of fountains and piazzas and erected the obelisk on the <a href="/wiki/Pincian_Hill" title="Pincian Hill">Pincian Hill</a>. </p><p>The pope also made sure Rome was a place for artists and the leading artists of the time like <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_von_Cornelius" title="Peter von Cornelius">Peter von Cornelius</a>. He also enriched the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican Library</a> with numerous manuscripts and books. It was Pius VII who adopted the yellow and white <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vatican_City" title="Flag of Vatican City">flag of the Holy See</a> as a response to the Napoleonic invasion of 1809. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canonizations_and_beatifications">Canonizations and beatifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Canonizations and beatifications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Throughout his pontificate, Pius VII canonized a total of five saints. On 24 May 1807, Pius VII canonized <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merici" title="Angela Merici">Angela Merici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_the_Moor" title="Benedict the Moor">Benedict the Moor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Colette" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Colette">Colette Boylet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Caracciolo_(saint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Caracciolo (saint)">Francis Caracciolo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyacintha_Mariscotti" title="Hyacintha Mariscotti">Hyacintha Mariscotti</a>. He beatified a total of 27 individuals including <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oriol" title="Joseph Oriol">Joseph Oriol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berardo_dei_Marsi" title="Berardo dei Marsi">Berardo dei Marsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Maria_Tomasi" title="Giuseppe Maria Tomasi">Giuseppe Maria Tomasi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crispin_of_Viterbo" title="Crispin of Viterbo">Crispin of Viterbo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consistories">Consistories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Consistories" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cardinals_created_by_Pius_VII" title="Cardinals created by Pius VII">Cardinals created by Pius VII</a></div> <p>Pius VII created 99 cardinals in nineteen consistories including notable ecclesial figures of that time such as Ercole Consalvi, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Pacca" title="Bartolomeo Pacca">Bartolomeo Pacca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Odescalchi" title="Carlo Odescalchi">Carlo Odescalchi</a>. The Pope also named his two immediate successors as cardinals: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XII" title="Pope Leo XII">Annibale della Genga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VIII" title="Pope Pius VIII">Francesco Saverio Castiglioni</a> (the latter of whom it is said Pius VII and his successor would refer to as "Pius VIII"). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg/160px-Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2793" data-file-height="3856"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 221px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg/160px-Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg" data-width="160" data-height="221" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg/240px-Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg/320px-Leviation_of_pope_Pius_VII_while_Reading_Mass_Wellcome_M0005442.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The "miracle" of Pius VII in 1811</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition, Pius VII named 12 cardinals whom he reserved "<i><a href="/wiki/In_pectore" title="In pectore">in pectore</a></i>". One died before his nomination could ever be published (he was originally nominated in the 1804 consistory), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Carafa_di_Belvedere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Carafa di Belvedere (page does not exist)">Marino Carafa di Belvedere</a> resigned his cardinalate on 24 August 1807 upon citing a lack of family descendance, and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Odescalchi" title="Carlo Odescalchi">Carlo Odescalchi</a> resigned the cardinalate on 21 November 1838 to enter the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SMC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1801, according to <a href="/wiki/Remigius_Ritzler" title="Remigius Ritzler">Remigius Ritzler</a>, Pius VII nominated <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolo_Luigi_Silva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolo Luigi Silva (page does not exist)">Paolo Luigi Silva</a> as a cardinal <i>in pectore</i>, however, he died before his name could be published. As a result, Pius VII added the Archbishop of Palermo <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Pignatelli_di_Belmonte" title="Domenico Pignatelli di Belmonte">Domenico Pignatelli di Belmonte</a> in his place. In the March 1816 consistory, the former <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Saint-Malo" title="Ancient Diocese of Saint-Malo">bishop of Saint-Malo</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Cortois_de_Pressigny" title="Gabriel Cortois de Pressigny">Gabriel Cortois de Pressigny</a> was among the cardinals created <i>in pectore</i> in the consistory, though he declined the promotion. Similarly, Giovanni Alliata declined the pope's offer for elevation in the same consistory. According to Niccolò del Re, the <a href="/wiki/Vice_Camerlengo_of_the_Holy_Roman_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church">Vice-Camerlengo</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiberio_Pacca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiberio Pacca (page does not exist)">Tiberio Pacca</a> would have been created a cardinal either in the March 1823 consistory, or a future one held by the pope. However, he suggests that a series of controversies beginning in 1820 prevented the pope from naming him to the Sacred College.<sup id="cite_ref-SMC_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_possible_miracle_of_Pius_VII">The possible miracle of Pius VII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The possible miracle of Pius VII" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>On 15 August 1811 - the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Assumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Assumption">Feast of the Assumption</a> - it is recorded that the pope celebrated Mass and was said to have entered a trance and began to levitate in a manner that drew him to the altar. This particular episode aroused great wonder and awe among attendants which included the French soldiers guarding him who were in disbelief of what had occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_the_United_States">Relationship with the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Relationship with the United States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg/220px-Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3214"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 177px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg/220px-Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="177" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg/330px-Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg/440px-Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel_A29940.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII_in_the_Sistine_Chapel" title="Pope Pius VII in the Sistine Chapel">Pope Pius VII in the Sistine Chapel</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres" title="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres">Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres</a>, 1814</figcaption></figure> <p>On the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>' undertaking of the <a href="/wiki/First_Barbary_War" title="First Barbary War">First Barbary War</a> to suppress the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a> along the southern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coast, ending their <a href="/wiki/Barbary_slave_trade" title="Barbary slave trade">kidnapping of Europeans</a> for ransom and <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, Pius VII declared that the United States "had done more for the cause of Christianity than the most powerful nations of Christendom have done for ages."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the United States, he established several new dioceses in 1808 for <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Boston" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_New_York" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Philadelphia" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bardstown" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bardstown">Bardstown</a>. In 1821, he also established the dioceses of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Charleston" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston">Charleston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Richmond" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond">Richmond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cincinnati" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Condemnation_of_heresy">Condemnation of heresy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Condemnation of heresy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>On 3 June 1816, Pius VII condemned the works of <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a> bishop <a href="/wiki/Germanos_Adam" title="Germanos Adam">Germanos Adam</a>. Adam's writings supported <a href="/wiki/Conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">conciliarism</a>, the view that the authority of <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">ecumenical councils</a> was greater than that of the papacy.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Death and burial" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In 1822, Pius VII reached his 80th birthday and his health was visibly declining. On 6 July 1823, he <a href="/wiki/Hip_fracture" title="Hip fracture">fractured his hip</a> in a fall in the papal apartments and was bedridden from that point onward. In his final weeks he would often lose consciousness and would mutter the names of the cities that he had been ferried away to by the French forces. With the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Consalvi" title="Ercole Consalvi">Ercole Consalvi</a> at his side, Pius VII died on 20 August at 5 a.m.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was briefly interred in the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Grottoes" title="Vatican Grottoes">Vatican Grottoes</a> but was later buried in a monument in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> after his funeral on 25 August.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grab_Pius_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Grab_Pius_VII.jpg/175px-Grab_Pius_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="274" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3492" data-file-height="5474"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 274px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Grab_Pius_VII.jpg/175px-Grab_Pius_VII.jpg" data-width="175" data-height="274" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Grab_Pius_VII.jpg/263px-Grab_Pius_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Grab_Pius_VII.jpg/350px-Grab_Pius_VII.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The tomb of Pius VII in Saint Peter's Basilica</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Beatification_process">Beatification process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Beatification process" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a></div><br><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Pius VII</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Teodoro_Matteini,_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII,_1801.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Teodoro_Matteini%2C_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII%2C_1801.jpg/220px-Teodoro_Matteini%2C_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII%2C_1801.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="1567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 287px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Teodoro_Matteini%2C_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII%2C_1801.jpg/220px-Teodoro_Matteini%2C_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII%2C_1801.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="287" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Teodoro_Matteini%2C_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII%2C_1801.jpg/330px-Teodoro_Matteini%2C_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII%2C_1801.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Teodoro_Matteini%2C_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII%2C_1801.jpg/440px-Teodoro_Matteini%2C_Ritratto_di_Pio_VII%2C_1801.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>; <a href="/wiki/Confessor" title="Confessor">Confessor</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti<br>14 August 1742<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1742-08-14</span>)</span><br><a href="/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 1823<span style="display:none">(1823-08-20)</span> (aged 81)<br><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a>, Rome, Papal States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Papal_vestments" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal vestments">Papal attire</a><br><a href="/wiki/Papal_tiara" title="Papal tiara">Papal tiara</a><br><a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">Benedictine habit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Savona-Noli" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Savona-Noli">Diocese of Savona-Noli</a><br><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecuted Christians</a><br><a href="/wiki/Prisoner" title="Prisoner">Prisoners</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An application to commence beatification proceedings were lodged to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> on 10 July 2006 and received the approval of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Ruini" title="Camillo Ruini">Camillo Ruini</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Vicar_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Vicar of Rome">Vicar of Rome</a>) who transferred the request to the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a>. The Congregation - on 24 February 2007 - approved the opening of the cause responding to the call of the Ligurian bishops. </p><p>On 15 August 2007, the Holy See contacted the diocese of Savona-Noli with the news that <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> had declared "<a href="/wiki/Nihil_obstat" title="Nihil obstat">nihil obstat</a>" (nothing stands against) the cause of beatification of the late pontiff, thus opening the diocesan process for this pope's beatification. He now has the title of <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official text declaring the opening of the cause was: "<i>Summus Pontifex Benedictus XVI declarat, ex parte Sanctae Sedis, nihil obstare quominus in Causa Beatificationis et Canonizationis Servi Dei Pii Barnabae Gregorii VII Chiaramonti</i>". Work on the cause commenced the following month in gathering documentation on the late pope. </p><p>He has since been elected as the patron of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Savona-Noli" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Savona-Noli">Diocese of Savona</a> and the patron of prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope_Pius_VII_returned_to_Savona_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope_Pius_VII_returned_to_Savona-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 2018 the Bishop of Savona announced that the cause for Pius VII would continue following the completion of initial preparation and investigation. The bishop named a new postulator and a diocesan tribunal which would begin work into the cause.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The formal introduction to the cause (a diocesan investigation into the late pontiff's life) was held at a Mass celebrated in the Savona diocese on 31 October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Postulator" title="Postulator">postulator</a> for the cause was Father Giovanni Farris (2007–18) and the current postulator since 2018 is Fr. Giovanni Margara. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Monuments">Monuments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Monuments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Pope Pius VII's monument (1831) in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, adorning his tomb, was created by the <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> sculptor <a href="/wiki/Bertel_Thorvaldsen" title="Bertel Thorvaldsen">Bertel Thorvaldsen</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-vii/en.html">Full list of Pius VII's writings (IT)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encyclicals"><a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">Encyclicals</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Encyclicals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><i>Diu Satis</i> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.papalencyclicals.net/pius07/p7diusat.htm">Text (EN)</a> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-vii/it/documents/enciclica-diu-satis-15-maggio-1800.html">Text (IT)</a></li> <li><i>Ex quo Ecclesiam</i> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-vii/it/documents/enciclica-ex-quo-ecclesiam-24-maggio-1800.html">Text (IT)</a></li> <li><i>Il trionfo</i> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-vii/it/documents/enciclica-il-trionfo-4-maggio-1814.html">Text (IT)</a></li> <li><i>Vineam quam plantavit</i> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-vii/it/documents/enciclica-vineam-quam-plantavit-12-giugno-1817.html">Text (IT)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motu_proprio"><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">Motu proprio</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Motu proprio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_pi%C3%B9_colte" title="Le più colte">Le più colte</a></i> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-vii/it/documents/motu-proprio-le-piu-colte-11-marzo-1801.html">Text (IT)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papal_bull"><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Papal bull" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiam_a_Jesu_Christo" title="Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo">Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo</a></i> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-vii/it/documents/bolla-ecclesiam-a-jesu-13-settembre-1821.html">Text (IT)</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_the_United_States" title="Apostolic Prefecture of the United States">Apostolic Prefecture of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinals_created_by_Pius_VII" title="Cardinals created by Pius VII">Cardinals created by Pius VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Anton_Zallinger_zum_Thurn" title="Jacob Anton Zallinger zum Thurn">Jacob Anton Zallinger zum Thurn</a>, papal councillor in German affairs (1805 - 1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carroll_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carroll (bishop)">John Carroll</a>, first US bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scipione_Chiaramonti" title="Scipione Chiaramonti">Scipione Chiaramonti</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">English: <b>Barnabas Nicholas Maria Louis Chiaramonti</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rather than formal invocation of the claimed <a href="/wiki/Papal_veto" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal veto">papal veto</a>, this involved lobbying by the Austrian cardinals to deny him the necessary votes.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/P07.htm">"Pope Pius VII (1800-1823)"</a>. GCatholic<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France&rft.pub=Berkley+Center+for+Religion%2C+Peace%2C+and+World+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberkleycenter.georgetown.edu%2Fresources%2Fcountries%2Ffrance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APope+Pius+VII" class="Z3988"></span> See drop-down essay on "The Third Republic and the 1905 Law of Laïcité"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAston2002" class="citation book cs1">Aston, Nigel (2002). <i>Christianity and Revolutionary Europe </i>c.<i> 1750-1830</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pope+Pius+VII+returned+to+Savona&rft.pub=Comune+di+Savona&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dit%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.savona.it%2FIT%2FPage%2Ft07%2Fview_html%253Fidp%253D8166%26prev%3Dsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APope+Pius+VII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223214515/http://www.rsvn.it/rsvn/2018/11/03/settori/attualita/avviata-la-causa-di-beatificazione-per-pio-vii/">"Avviata la causa di beatificazione per Pio VII"</a>. RSVN.it. 3 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsvn.it/rsvn/2018/11/03/settori/attualita/avviata-la-causa-di-beatificazione-per-pio-vii/">the original</a> on 23 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Avviata+la+causa+di+beatificazione+per+Pio+VII&rft.pub=RSVN.it&rft.date=2018-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsvn.it%2Frsvn%2F2018%2F11%2F03%2Fsettori%2Fattualita%2Favviata-la-causa-di-beatificazione-per-pio-vii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APope+Pius+VII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018175145/https://www.ecodisavona.it/2021/10/18/in-cattedrale-la-prima-sessione-della-causa-di-beatificazione-di-pio-vii/">"In Cattedrale la prima sessione della causa di beatificazione di Pio VII"</a>. Sostieni l'eco di Savona. 18 October 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecodisavona.it/2021/10/18/in-cattedrale-la-prima-sessione-della-causa-di-beatificazione-di-pio-vii/">the original</a> on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Cattedrale+la+prima+sessione+della+causa+di+beatificazione+di+Pio+VII&rft.pub=Sostieni+l%27eco+di+Savona&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecodisavona.it%2F2021%2F10%2F18%2Fin-cattedrale-la-prima-sessione-della-causa-di-beatificazione-di-pio-vii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APope+Pius+VII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12132a.htm"><i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i> "Pope Pius VII"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311131632/http://www.damian-hungs.de/Papst%20Pius%20VII..html">Pope Pius VII</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_H._Allies1897" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Allies" title="Mary Allies">Mary H. Allies</a> (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gephQwAACAAJ"><i>Pius the Seventh (1800-1823), by Mary H. Allies</i></a>. Burns.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pius+the+Seventh+%281800-1823%29%2C+by+Mary+H.+Allies&rft.pub=Burns&rft.date=1897&rft.au=Mary+H.+Allies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgephQwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APope+Pius+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Anderson, Robin. <i>Pope Pius VII</i>, <a href="/wiki/TAN_Books_%26_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="TAN Books & Publishers">TAN Books & Publishers, Inc.</a>, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89555-678-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89555-678-2">0-89555-678-2</a></li> <li>Browne-Olf, Lillian. <i>Their Name Is Pius</i> (1941) pp 59–130 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheirNameIsPius">online</a></li> <li>Caiani, Ambrogio. 2021. <i>To Kidnap a Pope: Napoleon and Pius VII</i>. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300251333" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300251333">978-0300251333</a></li> <li>Hales, E. E. Y. "Napoleon's duel with the Pope" <i>History Today</i> (May 1958) 8#5 pp 328–33.</li> <li>Hales, E. E. Y. <i>The Emperor and the Pope: The Story of Napoleon and Pius VII</i> (1961) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/54321342/the-emperor-and-the-pope-the-story-of-napoleon-and">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307224506/https://www.questia.com/read/54321342/the-emperor-and-the-pope-the-story-of-napoleon-and">Archived</a> 7 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Thompson, J. M.<i>Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall</i> (1951) pp 251–75</li> <li>Philippe Boutry: <i>Pio VII.</i> In: Massimo Bray (ed.): <i>Enciclopedia dei Papi.</i> Volume 3: <i>Innocenzo VIII, Giovanni Paolo II.</i> Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2000 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pio-vii_(Enciclopedia-dei-Papi)/">treccani.it</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernd_Blisch1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bernd Blisch (1994). "Pope Pius VII". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbkl.de/%7B%7B%7B1%7D%7D%7D"><i>Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)</i></a></span> (in German). Vol. 7. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 670–673. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88309-048-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-88309-048-4"><bdi>3-88309-048-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pope+Pius+VII&rft.btitle=Biographisch-Bibliographisches+Kirchenlexikon+%28BBKL%29&rft.place=Herzberg&rft.pages=cols.+670-673&rft.pub=Bautz&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=3-88309-048-4&rft.au=Bernd+Blisch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbkl.de%2F%7B%7B%7B1%7D%7D%7D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APope+Pius+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Matheus" title="Michael Matheus">Michael Matheus</a>, Lutz Klinkhammer (eds.): <i>Eigenbild im Konflikt. Krisensituationen des Papsttums zwischen Gregor VII. und Benedikt XV.</i> Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-534-20936-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-534-20936-1">978-3-534-20936-1</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pius_VII" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pius VII">Pius VII</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><noscript><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Wikisource logo" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> Works by or about <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Pius_VII" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Pius VII">Pius VII</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D118792431">Literature by and about Pope Pius VII</a> in the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> catalogue</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/entity/118792431">Works by and about Pope Pius VII</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Digitale_Bibliothek" title="Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek">Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek</a> (German Digital Library)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giulio_Matteo_Natali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giulio Matteo Natali (page does not exist)">Giulio Matteo Natali</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Tivoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Tivoli">Bishop of Tivoli</a> </b><br>16 December 1782 – 14 February 1785 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Battista_Banfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Battista Banfi (page does not exist)">Giovanni Battista Banfi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Carlo_Bandi" title="Giovanni Carlo Bandi">Giovanni Carlo Bandi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Imola" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Imola">Bishop of Imola</a> </b><br>14 February 1785 – 8 March 1816 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lamberto_Rusconi" title="Antonio Lamberto Rusconi">Antonio Lamberto Rusconi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommaso_Maria_Ghilini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tommaso Maria Ghilini (page does not exist)">Tommaso Maria Ghilini</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/San_Callisto" title="San Callisto">Cardinal-Priest of San Callisto</a> </b><br>26 June 1785 - 14 March 1800 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Giuseppe_Filippa_della_Martiniana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Giuseppe Filippa della Martiniana (page does not exist)">Carlo Giuseppe Filippa della Martiniana</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> </b><br>14 March 1800 – 20 August 1823 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leo_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo XII">Leo XII</a></div> </td></tr> 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.portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="16" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="19" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/21px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/21px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/42px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li></ul></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&oldid=1276598642">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&oldid=1276598642</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Pius_VII&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="FrederickBarbarossa" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1739993555"> <span>Last edited on 19 February 2025, at 19:32</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pous_Pius_VII" title="Pous Pius VII – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pous Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII." title="Pius VII. – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pius VII." data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="بيوس السابع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيوس السابع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII_Piy" title="VII Piy – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="VII Piy" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0u-h%C3%B4ng_Pius_7-s%C3%A8" title="Kàu-hông Pius 7-sè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàu-hông Pius 7-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B9_VII" title="Пій VII – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пій VII" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%8E%D1%81_VII" title="Піюс VII – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Піюс VII" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B9_VII" title="Пий VII – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пий VII" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_VII" title="Pi VII – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pi VII" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII." title="Pius VII. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pius VII." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pab_P%C3%AFws_VII" title="Pab Pïws VII – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pab Pïws VII" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pave_Pius_7." title="Pave Pius 7. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pave Pius 7." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII." title="Pius VII. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pius VII." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%96%CE%84" title="Πάπας Πίος Ζ΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάπας Πίος Ζ΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADo_VII" title="Pío VII – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pío VII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pio_la_7-a" title="Pio la 7-a – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pio la 7-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pio_VII.a" title="Pio VII.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pio VII.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85" title="پیوس هفتم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوس هفتم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_VII" title="Pie VII – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pie VII" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape_Piu_VII" title="Pape Piu VII – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Pape Piu VII" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1pa_Pius_VII" title="Pápa Pius VII – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pápa Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0pa_Pius_VII" title="Pàpa Pius VII – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pàpa Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADo_VII,_papa" title="Pío VII, papa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pío VII, papa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau-f%C3%B2ng_Pius_7-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kau-fòng Pius 7-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kau-fòng Pius 7-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9_%EB%B9%84%EC%98%A4_7%EC%84%B8" title="교황 비오 7세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교황 비오 7세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII." title="Pius VII. – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pius VII." data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pio_VII." title="Pio VII. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pio VII." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papo_Pius_la_7ma" title="Papo Pius la 7ma – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papo Pius la 7ma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Pio_VII" title="Papa Pio VII – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Papa Pio VII" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Pius_VII" title="Paus Pius VII – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paus Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Pio_VII" title="Papa Pio VII – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Papa Pio VII" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99" title="פיוס השביעי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיוס השביעי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Pius_VII" title="Paus Pius VII – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paus Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Piu_VII" title="Papa Piu VII – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Papa Piu VII" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_VII" title="პიუს VII – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პიუს VII" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Pius_VII" title="Papa Pius VII – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Papa Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijs_VII" title="Pijs VII – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pijs VII" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijus_VII" title="Pijus VII – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pijus VII" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII._Piusz_p%C3%A1pa" title="VII. Piusz pápa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VII. Piusz pápa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98_VII" title="Папа Пиј VII – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Папа Пиј VII" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pio_VII" title="Pio VII – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pio VII" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="पोप पायस सातवा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोप पायस सातवा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="بيوس السابع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيوس السابع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Pius_VII" title="Paus Pius VII – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paus Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1u-hu%C3%B2ng_Pius_7-si%C3%A9" title="Gáu-huòng Pius 7-sié – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáu-huòng Pius 7-sié" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Pius_VII" title="Paus Pius VII – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paus Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B97%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87)" title="ピウス7世 (ローマ教皇) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピウス7世 (ローマ教皇)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pave_Pius_VII" title="Pave Pius VII – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pave Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piu_VII" title="Piu VII – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Piu VII" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII." title="Pius VII. – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pius VII." data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Pio_VII" title="Papa Pio VII – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papa Pio VII" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Pius_al_VII-lea" title="Papa Pius al VII-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Papa Pius al VII-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyu_VII" title="Piyu VII – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Piyu VII" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B9_VII" title="Пий VII – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пий VII" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape_Pius_VII" title="Pape Pius VII – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pape Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piu_VII" title="Piu VII – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Piu VII" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piu_VII" title="Piu VII – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Piu VII" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pope Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII." title="Pius VII. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pius VII." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape%C5%BE_Pij_VII." title="Papež Pij VII. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papež Pij VII." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_VII" title="Папа Пије VII – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папа Пије VII" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pio_VII" title="Pio VII – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pio VII" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_P%C3%ADo_VII" title="Papa Pío VII – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Papa Pío VII" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_7" title="สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาปิอุสที่ 7 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาปิอุสที่ 7" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII._Pius" title="VII. Pius – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VII. Pius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B9_VII" title="Пій VII – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пій VII" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Pio_VII" title="Papa Pio VII – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Papa Pio VII" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_ho%C3%A0ng_Pi%C3%B4_VII" title="Giáo hoàng Piô VII – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hoàng Piô VII" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_P%C3%ADo_VII" title="Papa Pío VII – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Papa Pío VII" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E6%8A%A4%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="庇护七世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="庇护七世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3p%C3%B9_Pius_7k" title="Pópù Pius 7k – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pópù Pius 7k" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E5%B2%B3%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="碧岳七世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碧岳七世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pius VII" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="庇護七世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="庇護七世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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