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<span>Cornish pasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cornish_pasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definition_and_ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_and_ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Definition and ingredients</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definition_and_ingredients-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Definition and ingredients subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definition_and_ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Shape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In other regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superstitions,_rhymes_and_chants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superstitions,_rhymes_and_chants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Superstitions, rhymes and chants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superstitions,_rhymes_and_chants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giant_pasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giant_pasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Giant pasties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giant_pasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pasty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85" title="فطائر اللحم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فطائر اللحم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="পেস্টি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পেস্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pasty" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_Pasty" title="Cornish Pasty – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cornish Pasty" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pasty" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="پاستای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاستای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pasty" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pasty" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0" title="패스티 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패스티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteto" title="Pasteto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pasteto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornbresk_kj%C3%B6tbaka" title="Kornbresk kjötbaka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kornbresk kjötbaka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_pasty" title="Cornish pasty – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cornish pasty" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pasty" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasti" title="Pasti – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pasti" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_pasty" title="Cornish pasty – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cornish pasty" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="パスティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パスティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_pasty" title="Cornish pasty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cornish pasty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastel_da_Cornualha" title="Pastel da Cornualha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pastel da Cornualha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Корнуоллский пирожок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корнуоллский пирожок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pasty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteija" title="Pasteija – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pasteija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasty" title="Pasty – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pasty" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Корнуольський пиріжок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корнуольський пиріжок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%92%8C%E6%89%B9" title="康和批 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="康和批" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E9%A4%A1%E9%A4%85" title="康瓦爾餡餅 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="康瓦爾餡餅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q126777#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pasty" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pasty" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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</div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pasty" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pasty" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&oldid=1281894203" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cornish pastry filled with meat or vegetables</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the baked pie. For the fried pie or pastry, see <a href="/wiki/Pastie" title="Pastie">Pastie</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pasty_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pasty (disambiguation)">Pasty (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Pasty</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornish_Pasty_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cornish_Pasty_%28cropped%29.jpeg/250px-Cornish_Pasty_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cornish_Pasty_%28cropped%29.jpeg/330px-Cornish_Pasty_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cornish_Pasty_%28cropped%29.jpeg/500px-Cornish_Pasty_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornish</a> pasty</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data">Main, snack</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">A pastry case traditionally filled with beef skirt, potato, <a href="/wiki/Rutabaga" title="Rutabaga">swede</a> and onion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">N/A</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pastry_for_Cornish_Pasties" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Pastry for Cornish Pasties">Cookbook: Pasty</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pasty" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pasty">Media: Pasty</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>pasty</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or <b>Cornish pasty</b> is a British baked <a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">pastry</a>, a variety of which is particularly associated with <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, but has spread all over the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, and elsewhere through the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of a filling, typically meat and vegetables, baked in a folded and crimped <a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">shortcrust pastry</a> circle. </p><p>The traditional Cornish pasty, which since 2011 has had <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union" title="Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union">Protected Geographical Indication</a> (PGI) status in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-L193_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L193-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is filled with <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, sliced or diced potato, <a href="/wiki/Rutabaga" title="Rutabaga">swede</a> (also known as yellow turnip or rutabaga – referred to in Cornwall and other parts of the <a href="/wiki/West_Country" title="West Country">West Country</a> as <a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnip</a>) and onion, seasoned with salt and pepper, and <a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">baked</a>. Today, the pasty is the food most associated with Cornwall. It is a traditional dish and accounts for 6% of the Cornish food economy. Pasties with many different fillings are made, and some shops specialise in selling pasties. </p><p>The origins of the pasty are unclear, though there are many references to them throughout historical documents and fiction. The pasty is now popular worldwide because of the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">spread of Cornish miners</a> and sailors from across Cornwall, and variations can be found in Australia, Mexico, the United States, <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> and elsewhere. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasty2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Pasty2.jpg/170px-Pasty2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/26/Pasty2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>An old postcard from Cornwall showing a partly eaten pasty</figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the modern pasty's strong association with Cornwall, its origins are unclear. The English word "pasty" derives from Medieval French (O.Fr. <i>paste</i> from V.Lat <i>pasta</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) for a pie, filled with <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a>, salmon or other meat, vegetables or cheese, baked without a dish.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasties have been mentioned in cookbooks throughout the ages. For example, the earliest version of <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Tirel" title="Guillaume Tirel">Guillaume Tirel</a>'s cookbook <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Viandier" title="Le Viandier">Le Viandier</a></i>, which has been dated to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span>, contains several pasty recipes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1393, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_M%C3%A9nagier_de_Paris" title="Le Ménagier de Paris">Le Ménagier de Paris</a></i> contains recipes for <i>pasté</i> with venison, <a href="/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">veal</a>, beef or <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">mutton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other early references to pasties include a charter that was granted by <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John of England</a> to the town of <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a> in 1208. The town was bound to send to the sheriffs of <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a> every year <i>one hundred herrings, baked in twenty four pasties</i>, which the sheriffs delivered to the lord of the manor of <a href="/wiki/East_Carlton" title="East Carlton">East Carlton</a> who then conveyed them to the king.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time, 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Historians_in_England_during_the_Middle_Ages" title="Historians in England during the Middle Ages">chronicler</a> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Paris" title="Matthew Paris">Matthew Paris</a> wrote of the monks of <a href="/wiki/St_Albans_Cathedral" title="St Albans Cathedral">St Albans Abbey</a> "according to their custom, lived upon pasties of flesh-meat".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1465, 5,500 venison pasties were served at the installation feast of <a href="/wiki/George_Neville_(bishop)" title="George Neville (bishop)">George Neville</a>, archbishop of York and chancellor of England.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest reference for a pasty in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> or Cornwall can be found in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> city records of 1509/10, which describe "Itm for the cooke is labor to make the pasties 10d".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were even eaten by royalty, as a letter from a baker to <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>'s third wife <a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour" title="Jane Seymour">Jane Seymour</a> confirms: "...hope this pasty reaches you in better condition than the last one ..."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his diaries written in the mid-17th century, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> makes several references to his consumption of pasties, for instance "dined at <a href="/wiki/William_Penn_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Penn (Royal Navy officer)">Sir W. Pen</a>'s ... on a damned venison pasty, that stunk like a devil",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but after this period the use of the word outside Devon and Cornwall declined.<sup id="cite_ref-mason_&_brown_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mason_&_brown-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to its earlier place amongst the wealthy, during the 17th and 18th centuries, the pasty became popular with working people in Cornwall and west Devon, where <a href="/wiki/Tin#Mining_and_smelting" title="Tin">tin miners</a> and others adopted it because of its unique shape, forming a complete meal that could be carried easily and eaten without cutlery.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grigson_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grigson-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a mine, the pasty's dense, folded pastry could stay warm for several hours, and if it did get cold, it could easily be warmed on a shovel over a candle.<sup id="cite_ref-context_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-context-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Side-crimped pasties gave rise to the suggestion that the miner might have eaten the pasty holding the thick edge of pastry, which was later discarded, thereby ensuring that dirty fingers (possibly including traces of <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>) did not touch the food or mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-DEFRA_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEFRA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many old photographs show that pasties were wrapped in bags made of paper or <a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">muslin</a> and were eaten from end to end;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to the earliest Cornish recipe book, published in 1929, this is "the true Cornish way" to eat a pasty.<sup id="cite_ref-CRAM_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRAM-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another theory suggests that pasties were marked at one end with an initial and then eaten from the other end so that if not finished in one sitting, they could easily be reclaimed by their owners.<sup id="cite_ref-context_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-context-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cornish_pasty">Cornish pasty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cornish pasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornish_pasties_at_Cornish_bakehouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cornish_pasties_at_Cornish_bakehouse.jpg/250px-Cornish_pasties_at_Cornish_bakehouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cornish_pasties_at_Cornish_bakehouse.jpg/330px-Cornish_pasties_at_Cornish_bakehouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cornish_pasties_at_Cornish_bakehouse.jpg/500px-Cornish_pasties_at_Cornish_bakehouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Cornish pasties at Cornish bakehouse in <a href="/wiki/Bath_england" class="mw-redirect" title="Bath england">Bath</a></figcaption></figure><p> The pasty is regarded as the national dish of Cornwall,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an early reference is from a New Zealand newspaper:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In Cornwall, there is a common practice among those cottagers who bake at home of making little pasties for the dinners of those who may be working at a distance in the fields. They will last the whole week, and are made of any kind of meat or fruit, rolled up in a paste made of flour and suet or lard. A couple of ounces of bacon and half a-pound of raw potatoes, both thinly sliced and slightly seasoned, will be found sufficient for the meal. The pasty can be carried in the man's pocket.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nelson_Examiner_and_New_Zealand_Chronicle" title="The Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle">The Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle</a></i>, 10 June 1843<sup id="cite_ref-NEM_obit_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEM_obit-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><p> The term "Cornish pasty" has been in use since at least the early 1860s:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Cornish pasty, which so admirably comprises a dinner in itself—meat, potatoes, and other good things well cooked and made up into so portable a form—was a subject of much admiration, and reminded me of the old coaching days, when I secured a pasty at Bodmin in order to take it home to my cook, that it might be dissected and serve as a pattern for Cornish pasties in quite another part of the country.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vivian,_1st_Baron_Swansea" title="Henry Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea">Henry H. Vivian</a>, account in the journal of the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Archaeological_Association" title="Cambrian Archaeological Association">Cambrian Archaeological Association</a>, 1862<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Cornish pasties are very popular with the working classes in this neighbourhood, and have lately been successfully introduced into some parts of Devonshire. They are made of small pieces of beef, and thin slices of potato, highly peppered, and enclosed in wrappers of paste.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/James_Halliwell-Phillipps" title="James Halliwell-Phillipps">James Orchard Halliwell</a>, <i>Rambles in Western Cornwall by the Footsteps of the Giants</i>, 1861<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>By the late 19th century, national cookery schools began to teach their pupils to create their own version of a "Cornish pasty" that was smaller and was to be eaten as an "economical savoury nibble for polite middle-class Victorians".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 July 2011, after a nine-year campaign by the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_Pasty_Association" title="Cornish Pasty Association">Cornish Pasty Association</a> (CPA) – the trade organisation of about 50 pasty makers based in Cornwall – the name "Cornish pasty" was awarded Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the PGI status, a Cornish pasty should be shaped like a 'D' and crimped on one side, not on the top. Its ingredients should include beef, swede (called turnip in Cornwall),<sup id="cite_ref-turnip_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turnip-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> potato and onion, with a light seasoning of salt and pepper, keeping a chunky texture. The pastry should be golden and retain its shape when cooked and cooled.<sup id="cite_ref-DEFRA_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEFRA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PGI status also means that Cornish pasties must be prepared in Cornwall. They do not have to be baked in Cornwall,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor do the ingredients have to come from the county, though the CPA notes that there are strong links between pasty production and local suppliers of the ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Packaging for pasties that conform to the requirements includes an authentication stamp, the use of which is policed by the CPA.<sup id="cite_ref-DEFRA_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEFRA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Producers outside Cornwall objected to the PGI award, with one saying "[EU bureaucrats could] go to hell",<sup id="cite_ref-wallop_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallop-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another that it was "protectionism for some big pasty companies to churn out a <a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiche</a> of the real iconic product". Major UK supermarkets <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a> both stated they would be affected by the change,<sup id="cite_ref-wallop_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallop-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did nationwide bakery chain <a href="/wiki/Greggs" title="Greggs">Greggs</a>, though Greggs was one of seven companies allowed to continue to use the name "Cornish pasty" during a three-year transitional period.<sup id="cite_ref-L193_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L193-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members of the CPA made about 87 million pasties in 2008, amounting to sales of £60 million (about 6% of the food economy of Cornwall).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, over 1,800 permanent staff were employed by members of the CPA and some 13,000 other jobs benefited from the trade.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surveys by the South West tourism board have shown that one of the top three reasons people visit Cornwall is the food and that the Cornish pasty is the food most associated with Cornwall.<sup id="cite_ref-DEFRA_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEFRA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_ingredients">Definition and ingredients</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definition and ingredients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pasties" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Pasties"> Pasties</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornish_pasty_-_cut.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cornish_pasty_-_cut.jpeg/220px-Cornish_pasty_-_cut.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cornish_pasty_-_cut.jpeg/330px-Cornish_pasty_-_cut.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cornish_pasty_-_cut.jpeg/440px-Cornish_pasty_-_cut.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1448" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>A traditional Cornish pasty filled with steak and vegetables</figcaption></figure> <p>The recipe for a Cornish pasty, as defined by its protected status, includes diced or minced beef, onion, potato and swede in rough chunks along with some "light peppery" <a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">seasoning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DEFRA_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEFRA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cut of beef used is generally <a href="/wiki/Hanger_steak" title="Hanger steak">skirt steak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ultimate_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ultimate-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swede is sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnip</a> in Cornwall,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the recipe requires use of actual swede, not turnip.<sup id="cite_ref-turnip_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turnip-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasty ingredients are usually seasoned with salt and pepper, depending on individual taste.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The type of pastry used is not defined, as long as it is golden in colour and will not crack during the cooking or cooling,<sup id="cite_ref-DEFRA_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DEFRA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although modern pasties almost always use a shortcrust pastry.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a humorous belief that the pastry on a good pasty should be strong enough to withstand a drop down a mine shaft,<sup id="cite_ref-hall_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and indeed the barley flour that was usually used does make hard dense pastry.<sup id="cite_ref-Pascoe_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pascoe-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variations">Variations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the officially protected Cornish pasty has a specific ingredients list, old Cornish cookery books show that pasties were generally made from whatever food was available.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourmet_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourmet-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the earliest recorded pasty recipes include venison, not beef.<sup id="cite_ref-WhoInvented_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoInvented-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Pasty" has always been a generic name for the shape and can contain a variety of fillings, including <a href="/wiki/Stilton_cheese" title="Stilton cheese">stilton</a>, vegetarian and even <a href="/wiki/Chicken_tikka" title="Chicken tikka">chicken tikka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourmet_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourmet-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple</a> pasties are readily available in shops throughout Cornwall and Devon, with the ingredients including an apple flavoured sauce, mixed together throughout the pasty, as well as sweet pasties with ingredients such as apple and fig or chocolate and banana, which are common in some areas of Cornwall.<sup id="cite_ref-grigson_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grigson-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A part-savoury, part-sweet pasty (similar to the <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_clanger" title="Bedfordshire clanger">Bedfordshire clanger</a>) was eaten by miners in the 19th century, in the copper mines on <a href="/wiki/Parys_Mountain" title="Parys Mountain">Parys Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>. The technician who did the research and discovered the recipe claimed that the recipe was probably taken to Anglesey by Cornish miners travelling to the area looking for work.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No two-course pasties are commercially produced in Cornwall today,<sup id="cite_ref-merrick_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merrick-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but are usually the product of amateur cooks.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are, however, commercially available in the British supermarket chain <a href="/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a> (under the name 'Tin Miner Pasty').<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other traditional fillings have included a wide variety of locally available meats including pork, bacon, egg, rabbit, chicken, <a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">mackerel</a> and sweet fillings such as dates, apples, <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jam</a> and sweetened rice - leading to the oft-quoted joke that 'the Devil hisself was afeared to cross over into Cornwall for fear that ee'd end up in a pasty'.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A pasty is known as a "tiddy oggy" when steak is replaced with an extra potato, "tiddy" meaning potato and "oggy" meaning pasty and was eaten when times were hard and expensive meat could not be afforded.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another traditional meatless recipe is 'herby pie' with parsley, freshly gathered wild green herbs and chives, <a href="/wiki/Allium_ursinum" title="Allium ursinum">ramsons</a> or leeks and a spoonful of <a href="/wiki/Clotted_cream" title="Clotted cream">clotted cream</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shape">Shape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Shape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whilst the PGI rules state that a Cornish pasty must be a "D" shape, with crimping along the curve (i.e., side-crimped),<sup id="cite_ref-wallop_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallop-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> crimping is variable within both Devon and Cornwall, with some advocating a side crimp while others maintain that a top crimp is more authentic.<sup id="cite_ref-grigson_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grigson-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-merrick_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merrick-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources state that the difference between a Devon and a Cornish pasty is that a Devon pasty has a top-crimp and is oval in shape, whereas the Cornish pasty is semicircular and side-crimped along the curve.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, pasties with a top crimp have been made in Cornwall for generations,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet those Cornish bakers who favour this method now find that they cannot legally call their pasties "Cornish".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hollywood" title="Paul Hollywood">Paul Hollywood</a>, writing for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Food" title="BBC Food">BBC Food</a>, stated that a traditional Cornish pasty should have about 20 crimps.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_regions">In other regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In other regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grass_Valley_Cousin_Jacks_Pasties.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Grass_Valley_Cousin_Jacks_Pasties.jpg/250px-Grass_Valley_Cousin_Jacks_Pasties.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Grass_Valley_Cousin_Jacks_Pasties.jpg/330px-Grass_Valley_Cousin_Jacks_Pasties.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Grass_Valley_Cousin_Jacks_Pasties.jpg/500px-Grass_Valley_Cousin_Jacks_Pasties.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A "Cousin Jack's" pasty shop in Grass Valley, California</figcaption></figure> <p>Migrating Devonian and Cornish miners and their families (colloquially known as Cousin Jacks and Cousin Jennies) helped to spread pasties into the rest of the world during the 19th century. As <a href="/wiki/Tin_mining" title="Tin mining">tin mining</a> in Devon and Cornwall began to decline, miners took their expertise and traditions to new mining regions around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, pasties can be found in many regions, including: </p> <ul><li>Many parts of Australia, including the <a href="/wiki/Yorke_Peninsula" title="Yorke Peninsula">Yorke Peninsula</a>, which has been the site of an <a href="/wiki/Kernewek_Lowender" title="Kernewek Lowender">annual Cornish festival</a> (claimed to be the world's largest) since 1973. A clarification of the Protected Geographical Status ruling has confirmed that pasties made in Australia are still allowed to be called "Cornish Pasties".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A Lancashire pasty is a traditional variant originating in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/West_Lancashire" title="West Lancashire">West Lancashire</a> that is similar to its Cornish counterpart but uses carrot instead of swede.</li> <li>Pasties can be found in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in many historical <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">Gold Rush</a> towns, such as <a href="/wiki/Grass_Valley,_California" title="Grass Valley, California">Grass Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nevada_City,_California" title="Nevada City, California">Nevada City</a>.</li> <li>The pasty has become a cultural symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HuffPost_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HuffPost-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pasty shops are a significant tourist attraction in the region. Additionally, the village of <a href="/wiki/Calumet,_Michigan" title="Calumet, Michigan">Calumet</a> is home to an annual Pasty Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many ethnic groups adopted the pasty for use in the <a href="/wiki/Copper_Country" title="Copper Country">Copper Country</a> copper mines; the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish immigrants</a> to the region mistook it for the traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Karelian_pasty" title="Karelian pasty">piirakka</a></i> and <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">kukko</i></span> pastries.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tech_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tech-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pasty has become strongly associated with all cultures in this area and in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Range" title="Iron Range">Iron Range</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-american_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-american-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_Point,_Wisconsin" title="Mineral Point, Wisconsin">Mineral Point, Wisconsin</a>, was the site of the first mineral rush in the United States during the 1830s. After lead was discovered in Mineral Point, many of the early miners migrated from Cornwall to this southwestern Wisconsin area. Pasties can be found in Wisconsin's largest cities, <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, as well as in the far northern region along the border with Michigan's Upper Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A similar local history about the arrival of the pasty in the area with an influx of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Welsh</a> and Cornish miners to the area's copper mines, and its preservation as a local delicacy, is found in <a href="/wiki/Butte,_Montana" title="Butte, Montana">Butte, Montana</a>, "The Richest Hill on Earth".<sup id="cite_ref-montana_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montana-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miners referred to the pasty as a "letter from 'ome."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">anthracite coal</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Pennsylvania" title="Northeastern Pennsylvania">Northeastern Pennsylvania</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Wilkes-Barre,_Pennsylvania" title="Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania">Wilkes-Barre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hazleton,_Pennsylvania" title="Hazleton, Pennsylvania">Hazleton</a>, had an influx of miners to the area in the 19th century and brought the pasty with them. In 1981, a <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> entrepreneur started marketing pasties under the brand name <a href="/wiki/Mr._Pastie" title="Mr. Pastie">Mr. Pastie</a>.</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexico_City_pastie.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mexico_City_pastie.JPG/220px-Mexico_City_pastie.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mexico_City_pastie.JPG/330px-Mexico_City_pastie.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mexico_City_pastie.JPG/440px-Mexico_City_pastie.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A Mexican "<a href="/wiki/Paste_(pasty)" title="Paste (pasty)">paste</a>"</figcaption></figure>The Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(state)" title="Hidalgo (state)">Hidalgo</a> and the twin silver mining cities of <a href="/wiki/Pachuca" title="Pachuca">Pachuca</a> and Real del Monte (<a href="/wiki/Mineral_del_Monte" title="Mineral del Monte">Mineral del Monte</a>) have notable Cornish influences from the Cornish miners who settled there, with pasties being considered typical local cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mexican Spanish, they are referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Paste_(pasty)" title="Paste (pasty)">pastes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pasty museum is located in Real del Monte.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annual <a href="/wiki/International_Pasty_Festival" title="International Pasty Festival">International Pasty Festival</a> is held in Real del Monte each October.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>They are also popular in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-newzealand_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newzealand-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>.</li> <li>Pasties were modified with different spices and fillings in Jamaica, giving rise to the <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_patty" title="Jamaican patty">Jamaican patty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>When I view my Country o'er:<br /> Of goodly things the plenteous store:<br /> The Sea and Fish that swim therein<br /> And underground the Copper and Tin:<br /> Let all the World say what it can<br /> Still I hold by the Cornishman,<br /> And that one most especially<br /> That first found out the Cornish Pastie. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><i>The Merry Ballad of the Cornish Pasty</i><br /> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morton_Nance" title="Robert Morton Nance">Robert Morton Nance</a>, 1898<sup id="cite_ref-hall_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pasties have been mentioned in multiple literary works since the 12th century <a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian romance</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Erec_and_Enide" title="Erec and Enide">Erec and Enide</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>, in which they are eaten by characters from the area now known as Cornwall.<sup id="cite_ref-context_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-context-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WhoInvented_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoInvented-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a mention in <a href="/wiki/Havelok_the_Dane" title="Havelok the Dane">Havelok the Dane</a>, another romance written at the end of the thirteenth century;<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the 14th century <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> tales;<sup id="cite_ref-context_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-context-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in two plays by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superstitions,_rhymes_and_chants"><span id="Superstitions.2C_rhymes_and_chants"></span>Superstitions, rhymes and chants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Superstitions, rhymes and chants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the tin mines of Devon and Cornwall, pasties were associated with "<a href="/wiki/Knocker_(folklore)" title="Knocker (folklore)">knockers</a>", spirits said to create a knocking sound that was either supposed to indicate the location of rich veins of ore,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to warn of an impending tunnel collapse. To encourage the good will of the knockers, miners would leave a small part of the pasty within the mine for them to eat.<sup id="cite_ref-Trust_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trust-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sailors and fisherman would likewise discard a crust to appease the spirits of dead mariners, though fishermen believed that it was bad luck to take a pasty aboard ship.<sup id="cite_ref-Trust_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trust-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A Cornish proverb, recounted in 1861, emphasised the great variety of ingredients that were used in pasties by saying that the devil would not come into Cornwall for fear of ending up as a filling in one.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornish</a> schoolboy <a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">playground</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rhyme" title="Rhyme">rhyme</a> current in the 1940s concerning the pasty went: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Evangelist" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew the Evangelist">Matthew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a>, ate a pasty five feet long,<br />Bit it once, Bit it twice, Oh my Lord, it's full of mice.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> In 1959 the English singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Tawney" title="Cyril Tawney">Cyril Tawney</a> wrote a nostalgic song called "The Oggie Man". The song tells of the pasty-seller with his characteristic vendor's call who was always outside Plymouth's <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Devonport" title="HMNB Devonport">Devonport Naval Dockyard</a> gates late at night when the sailors were returning, and his replacement by hot dog sellers after World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word "oggy" in the internationally popular chant "<a href="/wiki/Oggy_Oggy_Oggy" title="Oggy Oggy Oggy">Oggy Oggy Oggy, Oi Oi Oi</a>" is thought to stem from Cornish dialect "<i><a href="/wiki/Hoggan" title="Hoggan">hoggan</a></i>", deriving from "hogen" the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a> word for pasty. When the pasties were ready for eating, the <a href="/wiki/Bal_maiden" title="Bal maiden">bal maidens</a> at the mines would supposedly shout down the shaft "Oggy Oggy Oggy" and the miners would reply "Oi Oi Oi".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Pasty#Dubious" title="Talk:Pasty">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giant_pasties">Giant pasties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Giant pasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the 'national dish' of Cornwall, several oversized versions of the pasty have been created in the county. For example, a giant pasty is paraded from <a href="/wiki/Polruan" title="Polruan">Polruan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fowey" title="Fowey">Fowey</a> through the streets during regatta week.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, a giant pasty is paraded around the ground of the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_Pirates" title="Cornish Pirates">Cornish Pirates</a> rugby team on <a href="/wiki/St_Piran%27s_Day" title="St Piran's Day">St Piran's Day</a> before it is passed over the goal posts.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Pasties</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasty_Ingredients.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An uncooked pasty prior to crimping"><img alt="An uncooked pasty prior to crimping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pasty_Ingredients.JPG/240px-Pasty_Ingredients.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pasty_Ingredients.JPG/360px-Pasty_Ingredients.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pasty_Ingredients.JPG/480px-Pasty_Ingredients.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An uncooked pasty prior to crimping</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasty-with-afters-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A two-course pasty"><img alt="A two-course pasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pasty-with-afters-2.jpg/240px-Pasty-with-afters-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Pasty-with-afters-2.jpg/360px-Pasty-with-afters-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Pasty-with-afters-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A two-course pasty</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornish_Pasties_in_the_Oven.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasties in the oven"><img alt="Pasties in the oven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cornish_Pasties_in_the_Oven.jpg/330px-Cornish_Pasties_in_the_Oven.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cornish_Pasties_in_the_Oven.jpg/500px-Cornish_Pasties_in_the_Oven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Cornish_Pasties_in_the_Oven.jpg/960px-Cornish_Pasties_in_the_Oven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pasties in the oven</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_Pasty.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cornish Pirates players display a giant pasty"><img alt="Cornish Pirates players display a giant pasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Giant_Pasty.JPG/250px-Giant_Pasty.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Giant_Pasty.JPG/500px-Giant_Pasty.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Pirates" title="Cornish Pirates">Cornish Pirates</a> players display a giant pasty</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornish_pasties_in_a_shop_window,_Market_Jew_Street,_Penzance_-_geograph.org.uk_-_863195.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasty varieties (Penzance)"><img alt="Pasty varieties (Penzance)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cornish_pasties_in_a_shop_window%2C_Market_Jew_Street%2C_Penzance_-_geograph.org.uk_-_863195.jpg/250px-Cornish_pasties_in_a_shop_window%2C_Market_Jew_Street%2C_Penzance_-_geograph.org.uk_-_863195.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cornish_pasties_in_a_shop_window%2C_Market_Jew_Street%2C_Penzance_-_geograph.org.uk_-_863195.jpg/500px-Cornish_pasties_in_a_shop_window%2C_Market_Jew_Street%2C_Penzance_-_geograph.org.uk_-_863195.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pasty varieties (Penzance)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_pasties.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasty varieties (Australia)"><img alt="Pasty varieties (Australia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Australian_pasties.jpg/216px-Australian_pasties.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Australian_pasties.jpg/324px-Australian_pasties.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Australian_pasties.jpg/432px-Australian_pasties.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pasty varieties (Australia)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cornwall" title="Portal:Cornwall">Cornwall portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridie" title="Bridie">Bridie</a> – Scottish equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a> – an Italian turnover or folded pizza</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholera_(food)" title="Cholera (food)">Cholera (food)</a> - a Swiss savoury pastry similar to a cheese pasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiburekki" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiburekki">Chiburekki</a> – National dish of <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a>, also popular in the Balkans, Caucasus, and Central Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Godcakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coventry Godcakes">Coventry Godcakes</a> – originated in the city of Coventry, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a> – Spanish equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleischkuekle" title="Fleischkuekle">Fleischkuekle</a> – German-Russian meat pie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Pasty_Festival" title="International Pasty Festival">International Pasty Festival</a> – Held annually in Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibinai" title="Kibinai">Kibinai</a> - similar pasties (though smaller) in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a> – an Eastern European and Ashkenazi Jewish pastry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_pie_(Australia_and_New_Zealand)" title="Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand)">Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchitoches_meat_pie" title="Natchitoches meat pie">Natchitoches meat pie</a> - Louisiana meat pie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a> – smaller version of a calzone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a> – Russian equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsa_(food)" title="Samsa (food)">Samsa</a> - Central Asian equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a> – similar dish from South Asia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kue_pastel" title="Kue pastel">Kue pastel</a> - Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pasty_Championships" title="World Pasty Championships">World Pasty Championships</a> – held annually in Cornwall</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/pasty1?q=pasty">"pasty"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309055935/https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/pasty1?q=pasty">Archived</a> 9 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBamford2019" class="citation web cs1">Bamford, Vince (9 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bakeryinfo.co.uk/finished-goods/cornish-pasty-is-uks-most-recognised-pgi-product/626087.article">"Cornish pasty is UK's most recognised PGI product"</a>. <i>British Baker</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210721030424/https://bakeryinfo.co.uk/finished-goods/cornish-pasty-is-uks-most-recognised-pgi-product/626087.article">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Baker&rft.atitle=Cornish+pasty+is+UK%27s+most+recognised+PGI+product&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft.aulast=Bamford&rft.aufirst=Vince&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbakeryinfo.co.uk%2Ffinished-goods%2Fcornish-pasty-is-uks-most-recognised-pgi-product%2F626087.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/The-Cornish-Pasty/">"History of the Cornish Pasty"</a>. <i>Historic UK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101114803/https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/The-Cornish-Pasty/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+UK&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Cornish+Pasty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historic-uk.com%2FCultureUK%2FThe-Cornish-Pasty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L193-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L193_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L193_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:193:FULL:EN:PDF">"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 717/2011 of 20 July 2011 entering a name in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications (Cornish Pasty (PGI))"</a>. <i>Official Journal of the European Union</i>. <b>54</b> (L 193): <span class="nowrap">13–</span>14. 23 July 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1725-2555">1725-2555</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628154026/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:193:FULL:EN:PDF">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=Commission+Implementing+Regulation+%28EU%29+No+717%2F2011+of+20+July+2011+entering+a+name+in+the+register+of+protected+designations+of+origin+and+protected+geographical+indications+%28Cornish+Pasty+%28PGI%29%29&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=L+193&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.date=2011-07-23&rft.issn=1725-2555&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A2011%3A193%3AFULL%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pasty&searchmode=none">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161108155701/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pasty&searchmode=none">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fallowed_in_frame%3D0%26search%3Dpasty%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCambridge_Dictionaries_Online" class="citation web cs1">Cambridge Dictionaries Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/pasty_1?q=pasty+">"Pasty"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120604/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/pasty_1?q=pasty+">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pasty&rft.au=Cambridge+Dictionaries+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fbritish%2Fpasty_1%3Fq%3Dpasty%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScully1988" class="citation book cs1">Scully, Terence, ed. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-a8P7LvJEvUC&q=pasty">"Pasty mentions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-a8P7LvJEvUC"><i>The Viandier of Taillevent: an edition of all extant manuscripts</i></a>. University of Ottawa Press. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7766-0174-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7766-0174-1"><bdi>0-7766-0174-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703235314/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a8P7LvJEvUC">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pasty+mentions&rft.btitle=The+Viandier+of+Taillevent%3A+an+edition+of+all+extant+manuscripts&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=University+of+Ottawa+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-7766-0174-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-a8P7LvJEvUC%26q%3Dpasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216010129/http://franiccolo.home.mindspring.com/olde_eng_fest_recipes.html"><i>The Goodman of Paris</i></a>. c. 1393. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://franiccolo.home.mindspring.com/olde_eng_fest_recipes.html">the original</a> on 16 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goodman+of+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffraniccolo.home.mindspring.com%2Folde_eng_fest_recipes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNuttall1840" class="citation book cs1">Nuttall, P Austin (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V-gDAAAAQAAJ&dq=Yarmouth+pasties&pg=PA555"><i>A classical and archæological dictionary of the manners, customs, laws, institutions, arts, etc. of the celebrated nations of antiquity, and of the middle ages</i></a>. London: Whittaker and Company. p. 555. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404115121/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-gDAAAAQAAJ&dq=Yarmouth+pasties&pg=PA555">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+classical+and+arch%C3%A6ological+dictionary+of+the+manners%2C+customs%2C+laws%2C+institutions%2C+arts%2C+etc.+of+the+celebrated+nations+of+antiquity%2C+and+of+the+middle+ages&rft.place=London&rft.pages=555&rft.pub=Whittaker+and+Company&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Nuttall&rft.aufirst=P+Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV-gDAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3DYarmouth%2Bpasties%26pg%3DPA555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrayley1808" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wedlake_Brayley" title="Edward Wedlake Brayley">Brayley, Edward Wedlake</a> (1808). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nd0uAAAAMAAJ&dq=st+alban%27s+abbey+pasties&pg=PA40"><i>The Beauties of England and Wales, Or Delineations, Topographical, Historical and Descriptive</i></a>. Vol. VII (Hertford, Huntingdon and Kent). London: Thomas Maiden. p. 40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152115/https://books.google.com/books?id=nd0uAAAAMAAJ&dq=st+alban%27s+abbey+pasties&pg=PA40">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beauties+of+England+and+Wales%2C+Or+Delineations%2C+Topographical%2C+Historical+and+Descriptive&rft.place=London&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Thomas+Maiden&rft.date=1808&rft.aulast=Brayley&rft.aufirst=Edward+Wedlake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnd0uAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dst%2Balban%2527s%2Babbey%2Bpasties%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JMknAAAAMAAJ&dq=Matthew+Paris+pasty&pg=PA585"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica 1823 vol VIII</i></a>. Printed for Archibald Constable and Company. 1823. p. 585. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405004438/https://books.google.com/books?id=JMknAAAAMAAJ&dq=Matthew+Paris+pasty&pg=PA585">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+1823+vol+VIII&rft.pages=585&rft.pub=Printed+for+Archibald+Constable+and+Company&rft.date=1823&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJMknAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3DMatthew%2BParis%2Bpasty%26pg%3DPA585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/6144460.stm">"Devon invented the Cornish pasty"</a>. BBC. 13 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200504203005/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/6144460.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Devon+invented+the+Cornish+pasty&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fengland%2Fcornwall%2F6144460.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShackle2001" class="citation news cs1">Shackle, Eric (21 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2001/apr/21/foodanddrink.features31">"A short history of ... Cornish pasties | Life and style | The Observer"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140509235040/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2001/apr/21/foodanddrink.features31">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+short+history+of+...+Cornish+pasties+%26%23124%3B+Life+and+style+%26%23124%3B+The+Observer&rft.date=2001-04-21&rft.aulast=Shackle&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2001%2Fapr%2F21%2Ffoodanddrink.features31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1667/08/01/">"Thursday 1 August 1667"</a>. <i>The Diary of Samuel Pepys</i>. Phil Gyford. August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119151203/http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1667/08/01/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diary+of+Samuel+Pepys&rft.atitle=Thursday+1+August+1667&rft.date=2010-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pepysdiary.com%2Farchive%2F1667%2F08%2F01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mason_&_brown-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mason_&_brown_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaura_MasonCatherine_Brown2007" class="citation book cs1">Laura Mason & Catherine Brown (2007). <i>From Bath Chaps to Bara Brith: The Taste of South West Britain</i>. Harper Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">32–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4742-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4742-1"><bdi>978-0-7524-4742-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Bath+Chaps+to+Bara+Brith%3A+The+Taste+of+South+West+Britain&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=Harper+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-4742-1&rft.au=Laura+Mason&rft.au=Catherine+Brown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarris,_J_Henry2009" class="citation book cs1">Harris, J Henry (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRDxG44Thg4C&pg=PA195"><i>Cornish Saints & Sinners</i></a>. Wildside Press LLC. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781434453679" title="Special:BookSources/9781434453679"><bdi>9781434453679</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cornish+Saints+%26+Sinners&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Wildside+Press+LLC&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781434453679&rft.au=Harris%2C+J+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZRDxG44Thg4C%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDevlin,_Kate2008" class="citation news cs1">Devlin, Kate (25 July 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2460056/The-history-of-the-Cornish-pasty.html">"The History of the Cornish Pasty"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2460056/The-history-of-the-Cornish-pasty.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Cornish+Pasty&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft.au=Devlin%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F2460056%2FThe-history-of-the-Cornish-pasty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grigson-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grigson_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grigson_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grigson_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grigson, Jane (1993) <i>English Food</i>. Penguin Books, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-context-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-context_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-context_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-context_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-context_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_LukeWestergren,_Marc" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Luke; Westergren, Marc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hu.mtu.edu/vup/pasty/history.htm">"History of the Pasty"</a>. <i>The Cultural Context of the Pasty"</i>. <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Technological_University" title="Michigan Technological University">Michigan Technological University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121204012802/http://www.hu.mtu.edu/vup/pasty/history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cultural+Context+of+the+Pasty%22&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Pasty&rft.au=Miller%2C+Luke&rft.au=Westergren%2C+Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hu.mtu.edu%2Fvup%2Fpasty%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DEFRA-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DEFRA_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DEFRA_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DEFRA_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DEFRA_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DEFRA_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DEFRA_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130402151656/http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/food/industry/regional/foodname/products/documents/cornish-pasty-pgi.pdf">"Cornish Pasty (PGI)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">DEFRA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/food/industry/regional/foodname/products/documents/cornish-pasty-pgi.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cornish+Pasty+%28PGI%29&rft.pub=DEFRA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.defra.gov.uk%2Ffoodfarm%2Ffood%2Findustry%2Fregional%2Ffoodname%2Fproducts%2Fdocuments%2Fcornish-pasty-pgi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMansfield2011" class="citation book cs1">Mansfield, Emma (2011). <i>The Little Book of the Pasty</i>. Cornwall: Lovely Little Books. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906771-28-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906771-28-7"><bdi>978-1-906771-28-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+Book+of+the+Pasty&rft.place=Cornwall&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Lovely+Little+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-906771-28-7&rft.aulast=Mansfield&rft.aufirst=Emma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRAM-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRAM_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_Edith1929" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Edith (1929). <i>Cornish Recipes: Ancient and Modern</i>. Truro: A. W. Jordan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cornish+Recipes%3A+Ancient+and+Modern&rft.place=Truro&rft.pub=A.+W.+Jordan&rft.date=1929&rft.au=Martin%2C+Edith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeorgesJones1995" class="citation book cs1">Georges, Robert A.; Jones, Michael Owen (24 March 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=laCwd7DBKoYC&dq=cornwall+%22national+dish%22&pg=PA127"><i>Robert A. Georges and Michael Owen Jones, </i>Folkloristics: an introduction<i>, Indiana University Press, 1995, pp. 127–128</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-32934-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-32934-5"><bdi>0-253-32934-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152113/https://books.google.com/books?id=laCwd7DBKoYC&dq=cornwall+%22national+dish%22&pg=PA127">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+A.+Georges+and+Michael+Owen+Jones%2C+Folkloristics%3A+an+introduction%2C+Indiana+University+Press%2C+1995%2C+pp.+127%E2%80%93128&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1995-03-24&rft.isbn=0-253-32934-5&rft.aulast=Georges&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft.au=Jones%2C+Michael+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlaCwd7DBKoYC%26dq%3Dcornwall%2B%2522national%2Bdish%2522%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TcfXAAAAMAAJ&q=cornwall+%22national+dish%22">"J. W. Lambert, <i>Cornwall</i>, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1945, p. 38"</a>. 24 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407152118/https://books.google.com/books?id=TcfXAAAAMAAJ&q=cornwall+%22national+dish%22">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J.+W.+Lambert%2C+Cornwall%2C+Harmondsworth%3A+Penguin+Books%2C+1945%2C+p.+38&rft.date=2024-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTcfXAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dcornwall%2B%2522national%2Bdish%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106110339/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-25931126.html">The West Briton, <i>Commercial pasty companies are failing our Cornish national dish</i>, 23 September 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEM_obit-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NEM_obit_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NENZC18430610.2.11">"Hints to Labourers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nelson_Examiner_and_New_Zealand_Chronicle" title="The Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle">The Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle</a></i>. Vol. II, no. 66. 10 June 1843. p. 264. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411205543/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NENZC18430610.2.11">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nelson+Examiner+and+New+Zealand+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Hints+to+Labourers&rft.volume=II&rft.issue=66&rft.pages=264&rft.date=1843-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FNENZC18430610.2.11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVivian1862" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vivian,_1st_Baron_Swansea" title="Henry Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea">Vivian, H. Hussey</a> (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_I4bAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA329">"Thursday August 28th. Evening Meeting"</a>. <i>Archaeologia Cambrensis</i>. VIII. Third series. London: J. Russell Smith: 329<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeologia+Cambrensis&rft.atitle=Thursday+August+28th.+Evening+Meeting&rft.volume=VIII.+Third+series&rft.pages=329&rft.date=1862&rft.aulast=Vivian&rft.aufirst=H.+Hussey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_I4bAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalliwell1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Halliwell-Phillipps" title="James Halliwell-Phillipps">Halliwell, James Orchard</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramblesinwestern00halluoft"><i>Rambles in Western Cornwall by the Footsteps of the Giants: With Notes on the Celtic Remains of the Land's End District and the Islands of Scilly</i></a>. London: John Russell Smith. p. 40 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramblesinwestern00halluoft/page/40">40</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2015</span>. <q>potatoe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rambles+in+Western+Cornwall+by+the+Footsteps+of+the+Giants%3A+With+Notes+on+the+Celtic+Remains+of+the+Land%27s+End+District+and+the+Islands+of+Scilly&rft.place=London&rft.pages=40+40&rft.pub=John+Russell+Smith&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Halliwell&rft.aufirst=James+Orchard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Framblesinwestern00halluoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornishman.co.uk/Food-historian-says-Cornish-did-invent-Cornish/story-27700083-detail/story.html#ixzz3kFG6UW7x">"Food historian says the Cornish did not invent the 'Cornish pasty'", <i>The Cornishman</i>, 29 August 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210539/http://www.cornishman.co.uk/Food-historian-says-Cornish-did-invent-Cornish/story-27700083-detail/story.html">Archived</a> 23 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrowne1890" class="citation news cs1">Browne, Phyllis (4 October 1890). "Chats with Housekeepers - Cornish Pasties". <i>The Newcastle Weekly Courant</i>. Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Newcastle+Weekly+Courant&rft.atitle=Chats+with+Housekeepers+-+Cornish+Pasties&rft.date=1890-10-04&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-34132576/cornish-pasties-historian-questions-origin">"Cornish pasties: Historian questions origin"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029170602/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-34132576/cornish-pasties-historian-questions-origin">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cornish+pasties%3A+Historian+questions+origin&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fuk-34132576%2Fcornish-pasties-historian-questions-origin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoirier,_Agnès2011" class="citation news cs1">Poirier, Agnès (23 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/23/cornish-pasties-eu-cornwall">"Putting the Cornish back into pasties"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921042424/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/23/cornish-pasties-eu-cornwall">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Putting+the+Cornish+back+into+pasties&rft.date=2011-02-23&rft.au=Poirier%2C+Agn%C3%A8s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fcornish-pasties-eu-cornwall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-turnip-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-turnip_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-turnip_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeckford,_Martin2010" class="citation news cs1">Beckford, Martin (20 August 2010). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/7954303/Turnip-or-swede-Brussels-rules-on-ingredients-of-Cornish-pasty.html">"Turnip or swede? Brussels rules on ingredients of Cornish pasty"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/7954303/Turnip-or-swede-Brussels-rules-on-ingredients-of-Cornish-pasty.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Turnip+or+swede%3F+Brussels+rules+on+ingredients+of+Cornish+pasty&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft.au=Beckford%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffoodanddrink%2Ffoodanddrinknews%2F7954303%2FTurnip-or-swede-Brussels-rules-on-ingredients-of-Cornish-pasty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:190:0033:0036:EN:PDF">"COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 510/2006 'CORNISH PASTY' EC No: UK-PGI-005-0727-11.11.2008"</a>. <i>Official Journal of the European Union</i>. 14 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130601104112/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:190:0033:0036:EN:PDF">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=COUNCIL+REGULATION+%28EC%29+No+510%2F2006+%27CORNISH+PASTY%27+EC+No%3A+UK-PGI-005-0727-11.11.2008&rft.date=2010-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AC%3A2010%3A190%3A0033%3A0036%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span> "Assembly of the pasties in preparation for baking must take place in the designated area. The actual baking does not have to be done within the geographical area, it is possible to send the finished but unbaked and/or frozen pasties to bakers or other outlets outside the area where they can be baked in ovens for consumption."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523181014/http://www.cornishpastyassociation.co.uk/pgi_2.html">"The Cornish Pasty Association's application for PGI"</a>. Cornishpastyassociation.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornishpastyassociation.co.uk/pgi_2.html">the original</a> on 23 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cornish+Pasty+Association%27s+application+for+PGI&rft.pub=Cornishpastyassociation.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornishpastyassociation.co.uk%2Fpgi_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wallop-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wallop_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wallop_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wallop_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallop,_Harry2011" class="citation news cs1">Wallop, Harry (22 February 2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/8340861/Cornish-pasty-given-EU-protected-status.html">"Cornish pasty given EU protected status"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/8340861/Cornish-pasty-given-EU-protected-status.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Cornish+pasty+given+EU+protected+status&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft.au=Wallop%2C+Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffoodanddrink%2F8340861%2FCornish-pasty-given-EU-protected-status.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSavill2008" class="citation news cs1">Savill, Richard (25 July 2008). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2460187/Cornish-pasty-in-European-battle-for-protected-status.html">"Cornish pasty in European battle for protected status"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2460187/Cornish-pasty-in-European-battle-for-protected-status.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Cornish+pasty+in+European+battle+for+protected+status&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft.aulast=Savill&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F2460187%2FCornish-pasty-in-European-battle-for-protected-status.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110924133614/http://www.cornishpastyassociation.co.uk/about.html">"About the Cornish Pasty Association"</a>. Cornish Pasty Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornishpastyassociation.co.uk/about.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Cornish+Pasty+Association&rft.pub=Cornish+Pasty+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornishpastyassociation.co.uk%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ultimate-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ultimate_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClarke2011" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Felicity (23 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/feb/23/ultimate-cornish-pasty-recipe">"Ultimate Cornish Pasty Recipe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502102929/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/feb/23/ultimate-cornish-pasty-recipe">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ultimate+Cornish+Pasty+Recipe&rft.date=2011-02-23&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Felicity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fultimate-cornish-pasty-recipe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cornishpastyassociation.co.uk/about-the-pasty/make-your-own-genuine-cornish-pasty/">"Make your own Genuine Cornish Pasty - Genuine Cornish Pasty"</a>. <i>Cornish Pasty Association</i>. 26 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023193048/https://cornishpastyassociation.co.uk/about-the-pasty/make-your-own-genuine-cornish-pasty/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornish+Pasty+Association&rft.atitle=Make+your+own+Genuine+Cornish+Pasty+-+Genuine+Cornish+Pasty&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcornishpastyassociation.co.uk%2Fabout-the-pasty%2Fmake-your-own-genuine-cornish-pasty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnn_Pringle_Harris1988" class="citation news cs1">Ann Pringle Harris (7 February 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/07/travel/fare-of-the-country-in-cornwall-a-meal-in-a-crust.html?scp=1&sq=annie%20pringle%20harris%20cornwall&st=cse&pagewanted=1/">"Fare of the Country; In Cornwall, a Meal in a Crust"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417124901/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/07/travel/fare-of-the-country-in-cornwall-a-meal-in-a-crust.html?scp=1&sq=annie%20pringle%20harris%20cornwall&st=cse&pagewanted=1/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fare+of+the+Country%3B+In+Cornwall%2C+a+Meal+in+a+Crust&rft.date=1988-02-07&rft.au=Ann+Pringle+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F02%2F07%2Ftravel%2Ffare-of-the-country-in-cornwall-a-meal-in-a-crust.html%3Fscp%3D1%26sq%3Dannie%2520pringle%2520harris%2520cornwall%26st%3Dcse%26pagewanted%3D1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hall-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hall_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hall_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hall_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHall,_Stephen2001" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Stephen (2001). <i>The Cornish Pasty</i>. Nettlecombe, UK: Agre Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9538000-4-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9538000-4-0"><bdi>0-9538000-4-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cornish+Pasty&rft.place=Nettlecombe%2C+UK&rft.pub=Agre+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-9538000-4-0&rft.au=Hall%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pascoe-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pascoe_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPascoe1988" class="citation book cs1">Pascoe, Ann (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cornishrecipes0000pasc/page/1"><i>Cornish Recipes Old and New</i></a></span>. Penryn: Tor Mark Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cornishrecipes0000pasc/page/1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85025-304-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85025-304-7"><bdi>0-85025-304-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cornish+Recipes+Old+and+New&rft.place=Penryn&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Tor+Mark+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-85025-304-7&rft.aulast=Pascoe&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcornishrecipes0000pasc%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gourmet-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gourmet_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gourmet_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrewinWoolfitt,_Adam2005" class="citation book cs1">Trewin, Carol; Woolfitt, Adam (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=swU53UBC1LEC&pg=PA127"><i>Gourmet Cornwall</i></a>. Alison Hodge Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">125–</span>129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906720-39-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-906720-39-7"><bdi>0-906720-39-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gourmet+Cornwall&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E125-%3C%2Fspan%3E129&rft.pub=Alison+Hodge+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-906720-39-7&rft.aulast=Trewin&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.au=Woolfitt%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DswU53UBC1LEC%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhoInvented-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WhoInvented_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhoInvented_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/who-invented-the-cornish-pasty-5331278.html">"Who invented the Cornish pasty?"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. 13 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/who-invented-the-cornish-pasty-5331278.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Who+invented+the+Cornish+pasty%3F&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Ffood-and-drink%2Ffeatures%2Fwho-invented-the-cornish-pasty-5331278.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/north_west/4841110.stm">"UK | Wales | North West Wales | Sweet-savoury pastie back on menu"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 March 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100206032635/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/north_west/4841110.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UK+%26%23124%3B+Wales+%26%23124%3B+North+West+Wales+%26%23124%3B+Sweet-savoury+pastie+back+on+menu&rft.date=2006-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fwales%2Fnorth_west%2F4841110.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merrick-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merrick_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merrick_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMerrick1995" class="citation book cs1">Merrick, Hettie (1995). <i>The Pasty Book</i>. Penryn: Tor Mark Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pasty+Book&rft.place=Penryn&rft.pub=Tor+Mark+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Merrick&rft.aufirst=Hettie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRyan" class="citation web cs1">Ryan, Keith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornishpasties.org.uk/Pasties-with-aftersVIII-Morrisons-Tin-Miners.htm">"The Cornish Pasty presents: The Morrisons Tin Miner Pasty"</a>. <i>www.cornishpasties.org.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104122118/http://cornishpasties.org.uk/Pasties-with-aftersVIII-Morrisons-Tin-Miners.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cornishpasties.org.uk&rft.atitle=The+Cornish+Pasty+presents%3A+The+Morrisons+Tin+Miner+Pasty&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornishpasties.org.uk%2FPasties-with-aftersVIII-Morrisons-Tin-Miners.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornish Recipes, Ancient & Modern, Edith Martin, Truro, 1929</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBareham2008" class="citation news cs1">Bareham, Lindsey (21 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629140024/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/recipes/article5200976.ece">"The perfect pasty?"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/recipes/article5200976.ece">the original</a> on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+perfect+pasty%3F&rft.date=2008-11-21&rft.aulast=Bareham&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Flife_and_style%2Ffood_and_drink%2Frecipes%2Farticle5200976.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chunkofdevon.co.uk/blogs/chunk-news/how-to-crimp-a-pasty">"How to Crimp a Pasty - a Chunk of Devon"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104181923/https://www.chunkofdevon.co.uk/blogs/chunk-news/how-to-crimp-a-pasty">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Crimp+a+Pasty+-+a+Chunk+of+Devon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chunkofdevon.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fchunk-news%2Fhow-to-crimp-a-pasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112005755/http://www.hereandnowmagazine.com/food-and-drink/cornish-classic-recipes/feature/114">"Cornish Pasty"</a>. <i>Here and Now Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hereandnowmagazine.com/food-and-drink/cornish-classic-recipes/feature/114">the original</a> on 12 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Here+and+Now+Magazine&rft.atitle=Cornish+Pasty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hereandnowmagazine.com%2Ffood-and-drink%2Fcornish-classic-recipes%2Ffeature%2F114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiddleton2011" class="citation news cs1">Middleton, Kimberley (27 February 2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/this-is-where-the-great-pasty-revolt-begins-2226777.html">"This is where the great pasty revolt begins"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/this-is-where-the-great-pasty-revolt-begins-2226777.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=This+is+where+the+great+pasty+revolt+begins&rft.date=2011-02-27&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=Kimberley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Ffood-and-drink%2Fnews%2Fthis-is-where-the-great-pasty-revolt-begins-2226777.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/techniques/crimping_pasty">"Crimping the edge of a pasty"</a>. <i>BBC Food</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818194408/https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/techniques/crimping_pasty">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Food&rft.atitle=Crimping+the+edge+of+a+pasty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Ffood%2Ftechniques%2Fcrimping_pasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morcom.one-name.net/WhyDidManyLeave.html">"The scale of 19th century migration from Cornwall and Devon"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104182818/https://morcom.one-name.net/WhyDidManyLeave.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+scale+of+19th+century+migration+from+Cornwall+and+Devon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmorcom.one-name.net%2FWhyDidManyLeave.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPearlman2011" class="citation news cs1">Pearlman, Jonathan (4 March 2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/8361654/Australian-Cornish-pasty-region-concerned-about-protected-ruling.html">"Australian Cornish pasty region concerned about protected ruling"</a></span>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/8361654/Australian-Cornish-pasty-region-concerned-about-protected-ruling.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Australian+Cornish+pasty+region+concerned+about+protected+ruling&rft.date=2011-03-04&rft.aulast=Pearlman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffoodanddrink%2Ffoodanddrinknews%2F8361654%2FAustralian-Cornish-pasty-region-concerned-about-protected-ruling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HuffPost-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HuffPost_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbbey-Lambertz2014" class="citation news cs1">Abbey-Lambertz, Kate (27 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/27/yoopers-upper-peninsula-new-word_n_5042423.html">"You've Probably Never Heard of a Yooper, But Here's Why You'll Wish You Were One"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=You%27ve+Probably+Never+Heard+of+a+Yooper%2C+But+Here%27s+Why+You%27ll+Wish+You+Were+One&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.aulast=Abbey-Lambertz&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F03%2F27%2Fyoopers-upper-peninsula-new-word_n_5042423.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilver2014" class="citation news cs1">Silver, Kate (7 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527232319/http://my.chicagotribune.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-79544532/">"Prowling for pasties in the U.P."</a> <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.chicagotribune.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-79544532/">the original</a> on 27 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Prowling+for+pasties+in+the+U.P.&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.chicagotribune.com%2F%23section%2F-1%2Farticle%2Fp2p-79544532%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929092536/https://www.mainstreetcalumet.com/pasty-fest.html">"PASTY FEST"</a>. <i>Main Street Calumet</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mainstreetcalumet.com/pasty-fest.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Main+Street+Calumet&rft.atitle=PASTY+FEST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mainstreetcalumet.com%2Fpasty-fest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOjakangas1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Ojakangas" title="Beatrice Ojakangas">Ojakangas, B.</a> (1988). <i>The Great Scandinavian Baking Book</i>. Boston: Little, Brown. p. 308.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Scandinavian+Baking+Book&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Ojakangas&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tech-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tech_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hu.mtu.edu/vup/pasty/history.htm">"History of the Pasty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan" title="Houghton, Michigan">Houghton, Michigan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Technological_University" title="Michigan Technological University">Michigan Technological University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121204012802/http://www.hu.mtu.edu/vup/pasty/history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Pasty&rft.place=Houghton%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Michigan+Technological+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hu.mtu.edu%2Fvup%2Fpasty%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-american-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-american_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShortridge1998" class="citation book cs1">Shortridge, Barbara (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DsDW7DHknCQC"><i>The taste of American place</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8476-8507-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8476-8507-1"><bdi>0-8476-8507-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703235257/https://books.google.com/books?id=DsDW7DHknCQC">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+taste+of+American+place&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8476-8507-1&rft.aulast=Shortridge&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDsDW7DHknCQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isthmus.com/food-drink/reviews/the-new-teddywedgers-revives-the-cornish-pasty/">"The new Teddywedgers revives the Cornish pasty"</a>. 5 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406023609/https://isthmus.com/food-drink/reviews/the-new-teddywedgers-revives-the-cornish-pasty/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+new+Teddywedgers+revives+the+Cornish+pasty&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisthmus.com%2Ffood-drink%2Freviews%2Fthe-new-teddywedgers-revives-the-cornish-pasty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thepastyguy.com/project-type/wisconsin-pasties/">"Wisconsin Pasties Archives"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927222448/https://thepastyguy.com/project-type/wisconsin-pasties/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wisconsin+Pasties+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthepastyguy.com%2Fproject-type%2Fwisconsin-pasties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-montana-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-montana_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohanek2009" class="citation book cs1">Johanek, Durrae (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HEl-E-hV6iYC&q=pasty+butte+montana&pg=PA119"><i>Montana Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff</i></a>. Globe Pequot. pp. <span class="nowrap">119–</span>120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4302-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4302-5"><bdi>978-0-7627-4302-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703235306/https://books.google.com/books?id=HEl-E-hV6iYC&q=pasty+butte+montana&pg=PA119">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Montana+Curiosities%3A+Quirky+Characters%2C+Roadside+Oddities+%26+Other+Offbeat+Stuff&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E120&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-4302-5&rft.aulast=Johanek&rft.aufirst=Durrae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHEl-E-hV6iYC%26q%3Dpasty%2Bbutte%2Bmontana%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Old_Recipes/comments/14ioq9g/cornish_pasty_in_butte/?rdt=52792#lightbox">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Butte's Heritage Cookbook"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.reddit.com/r/Old_Recipes/</i>. 25 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240711223439/https://www.reddit.com/r/Old_Recipes/comments/14ioq9g/cornish_pasty_in_butte/?rdt=52792#lightbox">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.reddit.com%2Fr%2FOld_Recipes%2F&rft.atitle=%22Butte%27s+Heritage+Cookbook%22&rft.date=2023-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2FOld_Recipes%2Fcomments%2F14ioq9g%2Fcornish_pasty_in_butte%2F%3Frdt%3D52792%23lightbox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrant2024" class="citation web cs1">Grant, India (15 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/mexico-mineral-mine-pastry-mineral-del-monte-1a166e4927ba23541184a456e8a78e53">"A pastry brought to Mexico by British miners is still popular after 200 years"</a>. <i>AP News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=A+pastry+brought+to+Mexico+by+British+miners+is+still+popular+after+200+years&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmexico-mineral-mine-pastry-mineral-del-monte-1a166e4927ba23541184a456e8a78e53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611213431/http://turismo.hidalgo.gob.mx/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=147">"Pastes <i>(Spanish)</i>"</a>. Turismo del Gobierno del Estado de Hidalgo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turismo.hidalgo.gob.mx/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=147">the original</a> on 11 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pastes+%28Spanish%29&rft.pub=Turismo+del+Gobierno+del+Estado+de+Hidalgo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturismo.hidalgo.gob.mx%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcontent%26task%3Dview%26id%3D147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">i (newspaper) 19 October 2015; Cornwall's pride wrapped up in pastry; Adam Lusher (pp. 26-27)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFestival_Internacional_del_Paste_Real_del_Monte_2015" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dondehayferia.com/festival-internacional-del-paste-real-del-monte-2015">"Festival Internacional del Paste Real del Monte 2015"</a>, <i>Donde Hay Feria</i> (in Spanish), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812205030/http://www.dondehayferia.com/festival-internacional-del-paste-real-del-monte-2015">archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Donde+Hay+Feria&rft.atitle=Festival+Internacional+del+Paste+Real+del+Monte+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dondehayferia.com%2Ffestival-internacional-del-paste-real-del-monte-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newzealand-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newzealand_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2">"Who ate all the pies", <i>The Press</i>, Christchurch, New Zealand, 5 September 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Who+ate+all+the+pies&rft.date=2009-09-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/danefrm.htm">"Havelok the Dane"</a>. University of Rochester Robbins Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811042930/http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/danefrm.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Havelok+the+Dane&rft.pub=University+of+Rochester+Robbins+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.rochester.edu%2Fcamelot%2Fteams%2Fdanefrm.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span> (line 645)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a></i> Act 1 Scene 1, Page says <i>Wife, bid these gentlemen welcome. Come, we have a hot venison pasty to dinner: come gentlemen, I hope we shall drink down all unkindness</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <i><a href="/wiki/All%27s_Well_That_Ends_Well" title="All's Well That Ends Well">All's Well That Ends Well</a></i>, Act IV Scene III, Parrolles states: <i>I will confess to what I know without constraint: if ye pinch me like a pasty, I can say no more</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFroud2002" class="citation book cs1">Froud, Brian (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9MgsqlMARBAC&q=pastie+knockers"><i>Faeries</i></a>. Pavilion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86205-558-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-86205-558-0"><bdi>1-86205-558-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faeries&rft.pub=Pavilion&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86205-558-0&rft.aulast=Froud&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9MgsqlMARBAC%26q%3Dpastie%2Bknockers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trust-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trust_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trust_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNational_Trust2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cRcQizr0uy8C&pg=PA79"><i>Gentleman's Relish: And Other Culinary Oddities</i></a>. Anova Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">78–</span>9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905400-55-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905400-55-3"><bdi>978-1-905400-55-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gentleman%27s+Relish%3A+And+Other+Culinary+Oddities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E78-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Anova+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-905400-55-3&rft.au=National+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcRcQizr0uy8C%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalliwell1861" class="citation book cs1">Halliwell, James Orchard (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramblesinwestern00halluoft"><i>Rambles in Western Cornwall by the Footsteps of the Giants</i></a>. London: John Russell Smith. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ramblesinwestern00halluoft/page/40">40</a>–41. <q>In fact so universal are the contents of Cornish pasties, a local proverb states that the devil will not venture into Cornwall, for if the inhabitants caught him, they would be sure to put him into a pie</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rambles+in+Western+Cornwall+by+the+Footsteps+of+the+Giants&rft.place=London&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=John+Russell+Smith&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Halliwell&rft.aufirst=James+Orchard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Framblesinwestern00halluoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100826085846/http://www.cyriltawney.co.uk/depth.htm#oggie">"Tawney in Depth – The background to some of Cyril's classic songs"</a>. cyriltawney.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyriltawney.co.uk/depth.htm#oggie">the original</a> on 26 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tawney+in+Depth+%E2%80%93+The+background+to+some+of+Cyril%27s+classic+songs&rft.pub=cyriltawney.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyriltawney.co.uk%2Fdepth.htm%23oggie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibson2010" class="citation news cs1">Gibson, Rory (26 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705123749/http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/time-for-aussies-to-throw-bogan-chant-out/story-e6frfq80-1225943556735">"Time for Aussies to lose 'bogan' chant?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Mail" title="The Courier-Mail">The Courier-Mail</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/travel/news/time-for-aussies-to-throw-bogan-chant-out/story-e6frfq80-1225943556735">the original</a> on 5 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Time+for+Aussies+to+lose+%27bogan%27+chant%3F&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Ftravel%2Fnews%2Ftime-for-aussies-to-throw-bogan-chant-out%2Fstory-e6frfq80-1225943556735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJago2008" class="citation news cs1">Jago, M (26 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208174159/http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Regatta-beats-odds/story-11374997-detail/story.html">"Regatta beats the odds"</a>. <i>This is Cornwall</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Regatta-beats-odds/story-11374997-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=This+is+Cornwall&rft.atitle=Regatta+beats+the+odds&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft.aulast=Jago&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisiscornwall.co.uk%2FRegatta-beats-odds%2Fstory-11374997-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichards2010" class="citation news cs1">Richards, N (5 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208192848/http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Pirates-ready-big-cup-test/story-11396805-detail/story.html">"Pirates ready for big cup test"</a>. <i>This is Cornwall</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk/Pirates-ready-big-cup-test/story-11396805-detail/story.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=This+is+Cornwall&rft.atitle=Pirates+ready+for+big+cup+test&rft.date=2010-03-05&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=N&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisiscornwall.co.uk%2FPirates-ready-big-cup-test%2Fstory-11396805-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APasty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Pasties</i> by Lindsey Bareham, Mabecron Books, Plymouth, UK, 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9532156-6-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9532156-6-9">978-0-9532156-6-9</a></li> <li><i>English Food</i> by Jane Grigson (revised by Sophie Grigson), Penguin Books, London, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-027324-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-027324-7">0-14-027324-7</a></li> <li><i>The Cornish Pasty</i> by Stephen Hall, Agre Books, Nettlecombe, UK, 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9538000-4-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9538000-4-0">0-9538000-4-0</a></li> <li><i>The Pasty Book</i> by Hettie Merrick, Tor Mark, Redruth, UK, 1995 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85025-347-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85025-347-4">978-0-85025-347-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasty&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/pasty" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/pasty">pasty</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065038/http://www.cornishpastyassociation.co.uk/index.htm">The Cornish Pasty Association – the trade association of the Cornish pasty industry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cornishpasties.org.uk/sitemap.htm">The Compleat Pastypaedia – a web pasty resource</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_Cornwall419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Template:Culture of Cornwall"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Template talk:Culture of Cornwall"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Cornwall"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Cornwall419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Culture of Cornwall</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>: <i><b>Gonisogeth Kernow</b></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornish_symbols" title="Cornish symbols">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-billed_chough" title="Red-billed chough">Cornish chough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_vagans" title="Erica vagans">Cornish heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_kilts_and_tartans" title="Cornish kilts and tartans">Cornish kilts and tartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Jonathan_Trelawny,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet">Jonathan Trelawny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_An_Gof" title="Michael An Gof">Michael An Gof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Piran" title="Saint Piran">Saint Piran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Piran%27s_Flag" title="Saint Piran's Flag">Saint Piran's Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scillonian_Cross" title="Scillonian Cross">Scillonian Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall"><img alt="Cornwall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/120px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/180px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/240px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornish_festivals" title="Cornish festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AberFest" title="AberFest">AberFest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allantide" title="Allantide">Allantide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewidden_Thursday" title="Chewidden Thursday">Chewidden Thursday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furry_Dance" title="Furry Dance">Furry Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golowan_Festival" title="Golowan Festival">Golowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guldize" title="Guldize">Guldize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernewek_Lowender" title="Kernewek Lowender">Kernewek Lowender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montol_Festival" title="Montol Festival">Montol Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummer%27s_Day" title="Mummer's Day">Mummer's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickanan_Night" title="Nickanan Night">Nickanan Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nos_Lowen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nos Lowen">Nos Lowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noze_looan" class="mw-redirect" title="Noze looan">Noze looan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Obby_%27Oss_festival" title="'Obby 'Oss festival">'Obby 'Oss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrous_Day" title="Picrous Day">Picrous Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Piran%27s_Day" title="St Piran's Day">St Piran's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bawcock%27s_Eve" title="Tom Bawcock's Eve">Tom Bawcock's Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_pilot_gig" title="Cornish pilot gig">Cornish pilot-gig racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Cornwall" title="Rugby union in Cornwall">Rugby union in Cornwall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornish_cuisine" title="Cornish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clome_oven" title="Clome oven">Cloam oven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotted_cream" title="Clotted cream">Clotted cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornish_cheeses" title="List of Cornish cheeses">Cornish cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_tea" title="Cream tea">Cornish cream tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_fairings" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish fairings">Cornish fairings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Gilliflower" title="Cornish Gilliflower">Cornish Gilliflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_cake" title="Heavy cake">Hevva cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hog%27s_pudding" title="Hog's pudding">Hog's pudding</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron_bun" title="Saffron bun">Saffron bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargazy_pie" title="Stargazy pie">Stargazy pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Yarg" title="Cornish Yarg">Cornish Yarg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornish_writers" title="List of Cornish writers">List of Cornish writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult" title="Tristan and Iseult">Tristan and Iseult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Film_Festival" title="Cornwall Film Festival">Cornwall Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_St_Ives" title="Tate St Ives">Tate St Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Ives_School" title="St Ives School">St Ives School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._J._Burley" title="W. J. Burley">W. J. Burley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Causley" title="Charles Causley">Charles Causley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlyn_School" title="Newlyn School">Newlyn School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hepworth" title="Barbara Hepworth">Barbara Hepworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne_du_Maurier" title="Daphne du Maurier">Daphne du Maurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Kent">Alan Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._McNeile" title="H. C. McNeile">H. C. McNeile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosamunde_Pilcher" title="Rosamunde Pilcher">Rosamunde Pilcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Tangye" title="Derek Tangye">Derek Tangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._M._Thomas" title="D. M. Thomas">D. M. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minack_Theatre" title="Minack Theatre">Minack Theatre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pirates_of_Penzance" title="The Pirates of Penzance">The Pirates of Penzance</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_bagpipes" title="Cornish bagpipes">Cornish bagpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Wootton" title="Brenda Wootton">Brenda Wootton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalla" title="Dalla">Dalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisherman%27s_Friends" title="Fisherman's Friends">Fisherman's Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowns_(band)" title="Crowns (band)">Crowns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Folk songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bro_Goth_agan_Tasow" title="Bro Goth agan Tasow">Bro Goth agan Tasow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Camborne_Hill" title="Camborne Hill">Camborne Hill</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come,_all_ye_jolly_tinner_boys" title="Come, all ye jolly tinner boys">Come, all ye jolly tinner boys</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Delkiow_Sivy" title="Delkiow Sivy">Delkiow Sivy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hail_to_the_Homeland" title="Hail to the Homeland">Hail to the Homeland</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Western_Men" title="The Song of the Western Men">The Song of the Western Men</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Cornish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Cornish">Anglo-Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_literature" title="Cornish literature">Cornish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinalia" title="Ordinalia">Ordinalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beunans_Meriasek" title="Beunans Meriasek">Beunans Meriasek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bewnans_Ke" title="Bewnans Ke">Bewnans Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Book_Rebellion" title="Prayer Book Rebellion">Prayer Book Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyo_an_Gernewegva" title="Radyo an Gernewegva">Radyo an Gernewegva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Mythology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_Bodmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beast of Bodmin">Beast of Bodmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blunderbore" title="Blunderbore">Blunderbore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucca_(mythological_creature)" title="Bucca (mythological creature)">Bucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormoran" title="Cormoran">Cormoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruel_Coppinger" title="Cruel Coppinger">Cruel Coppinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Giant_Killer" title="Jack the Giant Killer">Jack the Giant Killer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocker_(folklore)" title="Knocker (folklore)">Knocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyonesse" title="Lyonesse">Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid_of_Zennor" title="Mermaid of Zennor">Mermaid of Zennor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owlman" title="Owlman">Owlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie" title="Pixie">Piskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spriggan" title="Spriggan">Spriggan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Old_Cornwall_Societies" title="Federation of Old Cornwall Societies">Federation of Old Cornwall Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorsedh_Kernow" title="Gorsedh Kernow">Gorsedh Kernow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cornish_Studies" title="Institute of Cornish Studies">Institute of Cornish Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cornwall_Polytechnic_Society" title="Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society">Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cornwall_Show" title="Royal Cornwall Show">Royal Cornwall Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Cornwall" title="Royal Institution of Cornwall">Royal Institution of Cornwall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Cornwall_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Cornwall Museum">Royal Cornwall Museum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movyans_Skolyow_Meythrin" title="Movyans Skolyow Meythrin">Movyans Skolyow Meythrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akademi_Kernewek" title="Akademi Kernewek">Akademi Kernewek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/17px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/26px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/34px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cornwall" title="Portal:Cornwall">Cornwall portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="*_Pastries_**_list616" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pastries" title="Template:Pastries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pastries" title="Template talk:Pastries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pastries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pastries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_Pastries_**_list616" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastry" title="Pastry">Pastries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastries" title="List of pastries">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_flaky_pastry" title="Chinese flaky pastry">Chinese flaky pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaky_pastry" title="Flaky pastry">Flaky pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_water_crust_pastry" title="Hot water crust pastry">Hot water crust pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_dulce" title="Pan dulce">Pan dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">Puff pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">Shortcrust pastry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beignet" title="Beignet">Beignet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossche_bol" title="Bossche bol">Bossche bol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouquette_(pastry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chouquette (pastry)">Chouquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croquembouche" title="Croquembouche">Croquembouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89clair" title="Éclair">Éclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goug%C3%A8re" title="Gougère">Gougère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpatka" title="Karpatka">Karpatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Lady's navel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorkop" title="Moorkop">Moorkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun%27s_puffs" title="Nun's puffs">Nun's puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Brest" title="Paris–Brest">Paris–Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommes_dauphine" title="Pommes dauphine">Pommes dauphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiterole" title="Profiterole">Profiterole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religieuse" title="Religieuse">Religieuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Honor%C3%A9_cake" title="St. Honoré cake">St. Honoré cake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puff_pastry" title="Puff pastry">Puff pastry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Wellington" title="Beef Wellington">Beef Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_straw" title="Cheese straw">Cheese straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croline" title="Croline">Croline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">Croissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galette_des_rois#France" class="mw-redirect" title="Galette des rois">Galette des rois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguelitos" title="Miguelitos">Miguelitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">Palmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_de_nata" title="Pastel de nata">Pastel de nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithivier" title="Pithivier">Pithivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pie" title="Steak and kidney pie">Steak and kidney pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_conversation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarte conversation">Tarte conversation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarte_Tatin" title="Tarte Tatin">Tarte Tatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(food)" title="Turnover (food)">Turnovers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poppy seed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatti_pathiri" title="Chatti pathiri">Chatti pathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantash" title="Hamantash">Hamantash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifli" title="Kifli">Kifli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(cake)" title="Kolach (cake)">Kolach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%AB%C4%8Diukai" title="Kūčiukai">Kūčiukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurska_gibanica" title="Međimurska gibanica">Međimurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunt" title="Nunt">Nunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_roll" title="Nut roll">Nut roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmurska_gibanica" title="Prekmurska gibanica">Prekmurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_croissant" title="St. Martin's croissant">St. Martin's croissant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandertorte" title="Alexandertorte">Alexandertorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerheiligenstriezel" title="Allerheiligenstriezel">Allerheiligenstriezel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">Apple strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pakhlava" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani pakhlava">Azerbaijani pakhlava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakewell_pudding" title="Bakewell pudding">Bakewell pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banket_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banket (food)">Banket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_p%C3%ADa" title="Bánh pía">Bánh pía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banitsa" title="Banitsa">Banitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_claw" title="Bear claw">Bear claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belokranjska_povitica" title="Belokranjska povitica">Belokranjska povitica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Bethmännchen">Bethmännchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierock" title="Bierock">Bierock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizcocho" title="Bizcocho">Bizcocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briouat" title="Briouat">Briouat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruttiboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruttiboni">Bruttiboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulemas" title="Bulemas">Bulemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundevara" title="Bundevara">Bundevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorley_cake" title="Chorley cake">Chorley cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_(pastry)" title="Coca (pastry)">Coca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulibiac" title="Coulibiac">Coulibiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coussin_de_Lyon" title="Coussin de Lyon">Coussin de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_horn" title="Cream horn">Cream horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremeschnitte" title="Cremeschnitte">Cremeschnitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croline" title="Croline">Croline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronut" title="Cronut">Cronut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruller" title="Cruller">Cruller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_pastry" title="Cuban pastry">Cuban pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_beef_turnover" title="Curry beef turnover">Curry beef turnover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_puff" title="Curry puff">Curry puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabby-Doughs" title="Dabby-Doughs">Dabby-Doughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_letter" title="Dutch letter">Dutch letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles_cake" title="Eccles cake">Eccles cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensa%C3%AFmada" title="Ensaïmada">Ensaïmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa_gao" title="Fa gao">Fa gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazuelos" title="Fazuelos">Fazuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish-shaped_pastry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish-shaped pastry">Fish-shaped pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fla%C3%B3" title="Flaó">Flaó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flia" title="Flia">Flia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flies%27_graveyard" title="Flies' graveyard">Flies' graveyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franzbr%C3%B6tchen" title="Franzbrötchen">Franzbrötchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2teau_Basque" title="Gâteau Basque">Gâteau Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibanica" title="Gibanica">Gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zleme" title="Gözleme">Gözleme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundain" title="Gundain">Gundain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_pastry" title="Gustavus Adolphus pastry">Gustavus Adolphus pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddekuche" title="Haddekuche">Haddekuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_patty" title="Haitian patty">Haitian patty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellimli" title="Hellimli">Hellimli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heong_Peng" title="Heong Peng">Heong Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huff_paste" title="Huff paste">Huff paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwangnam-ppang" title="Hwangnam-ppang">Hwangnam-ppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knafeh" title="Knafeh">Knafeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener_bun" title="Kitchener bun">Kitchener bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klob%C3%A1sn%C3%ADk" title="Klobásník">Klobásník</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kniek%C3%BCchle" title="Knieküchle">Knieküchle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolach_(cake)" title="Kolach (cake)">Kolach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kro%C5%A1tule" class="mw-redirect" title="Kroštule">Kroštule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCrt%C5%91skal%C3%A1cs" title="Kürtőskalács">Kürtőskalács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_(pastry)" title="Lattice (pastry)">Lattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipziger_Lerche" title="Leipziger Lerche">Leipziger Lerche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cheesecake" title="London Cheesecake">London Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukhmi" title="Lukhmi">Lukhmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroudh" title="Makroudh">Makroudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malsouka" title="Malsouka">Malsouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelkubb" title="Mandelkubb">Mandelkubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantecada" title="Mantecada">Mantecada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenkn%C3%B6del" title="Marillenknödel">Marillenknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekitsa" title="Mekitsa">Mekitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguelitos" title="Miguelitos">Miguelitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milhojas" title="Milhojas">Milhojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk-cream_strudel" title="Milk-cream strudel">Milk-cream strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorkop" title="Moorkop">Moorkop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonka" title="Napoleonka">Napoleonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokul" title="Nokul">Nokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96%C3%A7po%C3%A7maq" class="mw-redirect" title="Öçpoçmaq">Öçpoçmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_%C3%A0_la_grecque" title="Pain à la grecque">Pain à la grecque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_dulce" title="Pan dulce">Pan dulce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(food)" title="Pastel (food)">Pastel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastizz" title="Pastizz">Pastizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_heart" title="Pastry heart">Pastry heart</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9_chaud" title="Pâté chaud">Pâté chaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremech" title="Peremech">Peremech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirog" title="Pirog">Pirog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-Tarts" title="Pop-Tarts">Pop-Tarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekmurska_gibanica" title="Prekmurska gibanica">Prekmurska gibanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profiterole" title="Profiterole">Profiterole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punsch-roll" title="Punsch-roll">Punsch-roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punschkrapfen" title="Punschkrapfen">Punschkrapfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesito" title="Quesito">Quesito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remonce" title="Remonce">Remonce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosc%C3%B3n" title="Roscón">Roscón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_tissue" title="Roti tissue">Roti tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roze_koek" title="Roze koek">Roze koek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runeberg_torte" title="Runeberg torte">Runeberg torte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runza" title="Runza">Runza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sad_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sad cake">Sad cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaumrolle" title="Schaumrolle">Schaumrolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnecken" title="Schnecken">Schnecken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneeball_(pastry)" title="Schneeball (pastry)">Schneeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuxen" title="Schuxen">Schuxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%B6biyet" title="Şöbiyet">Şöbiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sou_(pastry)" title="Sou (pastry)">Sou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritzkuchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Spritzkuchen">Spritzkuchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streusel" title="Streusel">Streusel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutenkerl" title="Stutenkerl">Stutenkerl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetheart_cake" title="Sweetheart cake">Sweetheart cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini roll">Tahini roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toast%27em_Pop_Ups" title="Toast'em Pop Ups">Toast'em Pop Ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaster_pastry" title="Toaster pastry">Toaster pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaster_Strudel" title="Toaster Strudel">Toaster Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompouce" title="Tompouce">Tompouce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortita_negra" title="Tortita negra">Tortita negra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_(cake)" title="Tu (cake)">Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(food)" title="Turnover (food)">Turnover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C5%A1tipci" title="Uštipci">Uštipci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatrushka" title="Vatrushka">Vatrushka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veka_(pastry)" title="Veka (pastry)">Veka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetkoek" title="Vetkoek">Vetkoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurla_(dish)" title="Yurla (dish)">Yurla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeeuwse_bolus" title="Zeeuwse bolus">Zeeuwse bolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDemlovka" title="Žemlovka">Žemlovka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armenian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gata_(food)" title="Gata (food)">Gata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikado_cake" title="Mikado cake">Mikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazook" title="Nazook">Nazook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chasan_(pastry)" title="Chasan (pastry)">Chasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiucai_hezi" title="Jiucai hezi">Jiucai hezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masan_(pastry)" title="Masan (pastry)">Masan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachima" title="Sachima">Sachima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filipino</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biscocho" title="Biscocho">Biscocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buko_pie" title="Buko pie">Buko pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caycay" title="Caycay">Caycay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daral_(food)" title="Daral (food)">Daral (food)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinamita" title="Dinamita">Dinamita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_pie" title="Egg pie">Egg pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada#Philippines" title="Empanada">Empanada</a> (Pastil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensa%C3%AFmada" title="Ensaïmada">Ensaïmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia" title="Bakpia">Hopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpia" title="Lumpia">Lumpia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Napoleones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngohiong" title="Ngohiong">Ngohiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohaldre" title="Ohaldre">Ohaldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otap_(food)" title="Otap (food)">Otap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaya_(food)" title="Piaya (food)">Piaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilipit" title="Pilipit">Pilipit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakoy" title="Shakoy">Shakoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_wings" title="Angel wings">Angel wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beignet" title="Beignet">Beignet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bichon_au_citron" title="Bichon au citron">Bichon au citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscuit_rose_de_Reims" title="Biscuit rose de Reims">Biscuit rose de Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broy%C3%A9_poitevin" title="Broyé poitevin">Broyé poitevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canel%C3%A9" title="Canelé">Canelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouquette" title="Chouquette">Chouquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choux_pastry" title="Choux pastry">Choux pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_tart" title="Conversation tart">Conversation tart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croissant" title="Croissant">Croissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croquembouche" title="Croquembouche">Croquembouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croustade" title="Croustade">Croustade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89clair" title="Éclair">Éclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financier_(cake)" title="Financier (cake)">Financier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goug%C3%A8re" title="Gougère">Gougère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9suite" title="Jésuite">Jésuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladyfinger_(biscuit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladyfinger (biscuit)">Ladyfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaron" title="Macaron">Macaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_(cake)" title="Madeleine (cake)">Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun%27s_puffs" title="Nun's puffs">Nun's puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_au_chocolat" title="Pain au chocolat">Pain au chocolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_aux_raisins" title="Pain aux raisins">Pain aux raisins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmier" title="Palmier">Palmier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Brest" title="Paris–Brest">Paris–Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puits_d%27amour" title="Puits d'amour">Puits d'amour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religieuse" title="Religieuse">Religieuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Honor%C3%A9_cake" title="St. Honoré cake">St. Honoré cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuile" title="Tuile">Tuile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennoiserie" title="Viennoiserie">Viennoiserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vol-au-vent" title="Vol-au-vent">Vol-au-vent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amygdalopita" title="Amygdalopita">Amygdalopita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougatsa" title="Bougatsa">Bougatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanouropita" title="Fanouropita">Fanouropita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaktoboureko" title="Galaktoboureko">Galaktoboureko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karydopita" title="Karydopita">Karydopita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koulourakia" title="Koulourakia">Koulourakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustalevria" title="Moustalevria">Moustalevria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastafrola" title="Pastafrola">Pastafrola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahulu" title="Bahulu">Bahulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia" title="Bakpia">Bakpia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakpia_pathok" title="Bakpia pathok">Bakpia pathok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_puff" title="Curry puff">Curry puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kue_makmur" title="Kue makmur">Makmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_pie" title="Milk pie">Milk pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_tee" title="Pie tee">Pie tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_john" title="Roti john">Roti john</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_tissue" title="Roti tissue">Roti tissue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iranian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gosh-e_fil" title="Gosh-e fil">Gosh-e fil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolompeh" title="Kolompeh">Kolompeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koloocheh" title="Koloocheh">Koloocheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komaj_sehen" title="Komaj sehen">Komaj sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qottab" title="Qottab">Qottab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_asali" title="Sohan asali">Sohan asali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baicoli" title="Baicoli">Baicoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti" title="Biscotti">Biscotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti_di_San_Martino" title="Biscotti di San Martino">Biscotti di San Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscotti_regina" title="Biscotti regina">Biscotti regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocconotto" title="Bocconotto">Bocconotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombolone" title="Bombolone">Bombolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannoli" title="Cannoli">Cannoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciarduna" title="Ciarduna">Ciarduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornetto_(pastry)" title="Cornetto (pastry)">Cornetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocetta_di_Caltanissetta" title="Crocetta di Caltanissetta">Crocetta di Caltanissetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frittella_(doughnut)" title="Frittella (doughnut)">Frittole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladyfinger_(biscuit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladyfinger (biscuit)">Ladyfinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossa_di_morto" title="Ossa di morto">Ossa di morto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandoro" title="Pandoro">Pandoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasticciotto" title="Pasticciotto">Pasticciotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pevarini" title="Pevarini">Pevarini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolata" title="Pignolata">Pignolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pignolo_(cookie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pignolo (cookie)">Pignolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzelle" title="Pizzelle">Pizzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raviola_di_ricotta_nissena" class="mw-redirect" title="Raviola di ricotta nissena">Raviola di ricotta nissena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll%C3%B2" title="Rollò">Rollò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfogliatella" title="Sfogliatella">Sfogliatella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spina_Santa" class="mw-redirect" title="Spina Santa">Spina Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struffoli" title="Struffoli">Struffoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torta_caprese" title="Torta caprese">Torta caprese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppola" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeppola">Zeppola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zippula" title="Zippula">Zippula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornule%C8%9Be" title="Cornulețe">Cornulețe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogo%C8%99i" title="Gogoși">Gogoși</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papana%C8%99i" title="Papanași">Papanași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfin%C8%9Bi%C8%99ori" title="Sfințișori">Sfințișori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scandinavian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterkaka" title="Butterkaka">Butterkaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_pastry" title="Danish pastry">Danish pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joulutorttu" title="Joulutorttu">Joulutorttu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klen%C3%A4t" title="Klenät">Klenät</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kringle" title="Kringle">Kringle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(cookie)" title="Rosette (cookie)">Rosettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semla" title="Semla">Semla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swiss</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birnbrot" title="Birnbrot">Birnbrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_cake" title="Blue cake">Blue cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndner_Nusstorte" title="Bündner Nusstorte">Bündner Nusstorte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carac_(pastry)" title="Carac (pastry)">Carac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholera_(food)" title="Cholera (food)">Cholera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenkele" title="Schenkele">Schenkele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanisch_Br%C3%B6tli" title="Spanisch Brötli">Spanisch Brötli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiwanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk_pastry" title="Egg yolk pastry">Egg yolk pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek-tau-phong" class="mw-redirect" title="Lek-tau-phong">Lek-tau-phong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pineapple_cake" title="Pineapple cake">Pineapple cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naiyou_subing" title="Naiyou subing">Naiyou subing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suncake_(Taiwan)" title="Suncake (Taiwan)">Suncake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taro_pastry" title="Taro pastry">Taro pastry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClb%C3%BCl_yuvas%C4%B1" title="Bülbül yuvası">Bülbül yuvası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClla%C3%A7" title="Güllaç">Güllaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Kalburabastı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Lady's navel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saray_helva" title="Saray helva">Saray helva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eekerpare" title="Şekerpare">Şekerpare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtl%C3%BC_Nuriye" title="Sütlü Nuriye">Sütlü Nuriye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_dessert" title="Torpedo dessert">Torpedo dessert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">Confectionery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_(baking)" title="Crust (baking)">Crust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">Custard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">Doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konditorei" title="Konditorei">Konditorei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuo_Yuan_Ye_Museum_of_Cake_and_Pastry" title="Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry">Kuo Yuan Ye Museum of Cake and Pastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cakes" title="List of cakes">List of cakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_choux_pastry_dishes" title="List of choux pastry dishes">List of choux pastry dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_desserts" title="List of desserts">List of desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fried_dough_foods" title="List of fried dough foods">List of fried dough foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pies,_tarts_and_flans" title="List of pies, tarts and flans">List of pies, tarts and flans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poppy_seed_pastries_and_dishes" title="List of poppy seed pastries and dishes">List of poppy seed pastries and dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_bag" title="Pastry bag">Pastry bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_blender" title="Pastry blender">Pastry blender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_brush" title="Pastry brush">Pastry brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_chef" title="Pastry chef">Pastry chef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastry_fork" title="Pastry fork">Pastry fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie" title="Pâtisserie">Pâtisserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Pastry_Cup" title="World Pastry Cup">World Pastry Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pastries" title="Category:Pastries">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pastries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pastries">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pastry" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Pastry">Cookbook</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Food_and_drink" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Food and drink">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_British_pies161" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_pies" title="Template:British pies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_pies" title="Template talk:British pies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_pies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British pies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_British_pies161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_pies" title="Category:British pies">British pies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">Apple pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakewell_tart" title="Bakewell tart">Bakewell tart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banoffee_pie" title="Banoffee pie">Banoffee pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_clanger" title="Bedfordshire clanger">Bedfordshire clanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackberry_pie" title="Blackberry pie">Blackberry pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bun" title="Black bun">Black bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_pie" title="Chess pie">Chess pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_pie" title="Cherry pie">Cherry pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_rum_nicky" title="Cumberland rum nicky">Cumberland rum nicky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custard_tart" title="Custard tart">Custard tart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_meringue_pie" title="Lemon meringue pie">Lemon meringue pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_tart" title="Manchester tart">Manchester tart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mince_pie" title="Mince pie">Mince pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhubarb_pie" title="Rhubarb pie">Rhubarb pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treacle_tart" title="Treacle tart">Treacle tart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Savoury</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_and_egg_pie" title="Bacon and egg pie">Bacon and egg pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_clanger" title="Bedfordshire clanger">Bedfordshire clanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridie" title="Bridie">Bridie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_pie" title="Butter pie">Butter pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_and_onion_pie" title="Cheese and onion pie">Cheese and onion pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_and_mushroom_pie" title="Chicken and mushroom pie">Chicken and mushroom pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef_pie" title="Corned beef pie">Corned beef pie</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cornish pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_pie" title="Shepherd's pie">Cottage pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_pie" title="Shepherd's pie">Cumberland pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_pie" title="Curry pie">Curry pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devizes_pie" title="Devizes pie">Devizes pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pie" title="Fish pie">Fish pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_pie" title="Game pie">Game pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homity_pie" title="Homity pie">Homity pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killie_pie" title="Killie pie">Killie pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamprey_pie" title="Lamprey pie">Lamprey pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_and_potato_pie" title="Meat and potato pie">Meat and potato pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_pie#Melton_Mowbray_pork_pie" title="Pork pie">Melton Mowbray pork pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_pie" title="Pork pie">Pork pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pot_pie" title="Pot pie">Pot pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_pie" title="Scotch pie">Scotch pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_pie" title="Shepherd's pie">Shepherd's pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squab_pie" title="Squab pie">Squab pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargazy_pie" title="Stargazy pie">Stargazy pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_pie" title="Steak pie">Steak pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pie" title="Steak and kidney pie">Steak and kidney pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_oyster_pie" title="Steak and oyster pie">Steak and oyster pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolton_pie" title="Woolton pie">Woolton pie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_Pies" title="Clark's Pies">Clark's Pies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denby_Dale_Pies" title="Denby Dale Pies">Denby Dale Pies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samworth_Brothers" title="Samworth Brothers">Dickinson & Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fray_Bentos_(food_brand)" title="Fray Bentos (food brand)">Fray Bentos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloways_Bakers" title="Galloways Bakers">Galloways Bakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginsters" title="Ginsters">Ginsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higgidy" title="Higgidy">Higgidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland%27s_Pies" title="Holland's Pies">Holland's Pies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Kipling" title="Mr Kipling">Mr Kipling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_Food_Services" title="Peter's Food Services">Peter's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieminister" title="Pieminister">Pieminister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poole%27s_Pies" title="Poole's Pies">Poole's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_Farms" title="Pork Farms">Pork Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukka_Pies" title="Pukka Pies">Pukka Pies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_Foods" title="Shire Foods">Shire Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Pie" title="Square Pie">Square Pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall%27s_(meat)" title="Wall's (meat)">Wall's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrights_Pies" title="Wrights Pies">Wrights Pies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English_cuisine188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:English_cuisine" title="Template:English cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:English_cuisine" title="Template talk:English cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:English_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:English cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English_cuisine188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romano-British_culture" title="Romano-British culture">Roman times</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dishes6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Middle Ages</a><br />to 15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Utilis_Coquinario" title="Utilis Coquinario">Utilis Coquinario</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1300</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forme_of_Cury" title="The Forme of Cury">The Forme of Cury</a></i> (c. 1390)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">Apple pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banbury_cake" title="Banbury cake">Banbury cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecake" title="Cheesecake">Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">Custard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_pie" title="Game pie">Game pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">Kippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mince_pie" title="Mince pie">Mince pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortis_(food)" title="Mortis (food)">Mortis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pease_pudding" title="Pease pudding">Pease pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie" title="Pie">Pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottage" title="Pottage">Pottage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pynson" title="Richard Pynson">Richard Pynson</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Boke_of_Cokery" title="The Boke of Cokery">The Boke of Cokery</a></i>, 1500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dawson_(cook)" title="Thomas Dawson (cook)">Thomas Dawson</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Huswifes_Jewell" title="The Good Huswifes Jewell">The Good Huswifes Jewell</a></i>, 1585)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_pudding" title="Black pudding">Black pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_fool" title="Fruit fool">Fruit fool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">Pancake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scone" title="Scone">Scones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syllabub" title="Syllabub">Syllabub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifle" title="Trifle">Trifle (without jelly)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elinor_Fettiplace" title="Elinor Fettiplace">Elinor Fettiplace</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elinor_Fettiplace%27s_Receipt_Book" title="Elinor Fettiplace's Receipt Book"><i>Receipt Book</i></a>, 1604)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervase_Markham" title="Gervase Markham">Gervase Markham</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Huswife" title="The English Huswife">The English Huswife</a></i>, 1615)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_May_(cook)" title="Robert May (cook)">Robert May</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Accomplisht_Cook" title="The Accomplisht Cook">The Accomplisht Cook</a></i>, 1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Woolley" title="Hannah Woolley">Hannah Woolley</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen-Like_Closet" title="The Queen-Like Closet">The Queen-like Closet or Rich Cabinet</a></i> 1670)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Evelyn" title="John Evelyn">John Evelyn</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Acetaria:_A_Discourse_of_Sallets" title="Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets">Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets</a></i> 1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenelm_Digby" title="Kenelm Digby">Kenelm Digby</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Closet_Opened" title="The Closet Opened">The Closet Opened</a></i> 1699)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battalia_pie" title="Battalia pie">Battalia pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currant_bun" title="Currant bun">Currant bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Puddings" title="Queen of Puddings">Queen of Puddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Sponge cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_pond_pudding" title="Sussex pond pudding">Sussex pond pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_and_sour" title="Sweet and sour">Sweet and sour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mary Kettilby (<i><a href="/wiki/A_Collection_of_Above_Three_Hundred_Receipts_in_Cookery,_Physick_and_Surgery" title="A Collection of Above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery">A Collection of Above Three Hundred Receipts in Cookery, Physick and Surgery</a></i> 1714)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eales" title="Mary Eales">Mary Eales</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mrs_Mary_Eales%27s_Receipts" title="Mrs Mary Eales's Receipts">Mrs Mary Eales's Receipts</a></i> 1718)</li> <li>John Nott (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Cooks_and_Confectioners_Dictionary" title="The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary">The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary</a></i>, 1723)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Smith_(writer)" title="Eliza Smith (writer)">Eliza Smith</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Compleat_Housewife" title="The Compleat Housewife">The Compleat Housewife</a></i> 1727)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Glasse" title="Hannah Glasse">Hannah Glasse</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Cookery_Made_Plain_and_Easy" title="The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy">The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy</a></i> 1747)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Cook_(cookery_book_writer)" title="Ann Cook (cookery book writer)">Ann Cook</a> (<i>Professed Cookery</i>, 1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Bradley" title="Martha Bradley">Martha Bradley</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Martha_Bradley#The_British_Housewife_(1758)" title="Martha Bradley">The British Housewife</a></i> 1758)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Cookery" title="Primitive Cookery">Primitive Cookery</a></i> (1767)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Raffald" title="Elizabeth Raffald">Elizabeth Raffald</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Experienced_English_Housekeeper" title="The Experienced English Housekeeper">The Experienced English Housekeeper</a></i> 1769)</li> <li>Richard Briggs (<i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Art_of_Cookery" title="The English Art of Cookery">The English Art of Cookery</a></i> 1788)</li> <li>William Augustus Henderson (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Housekeeper%27s_Instructor" title="The Housekeeper's Instructor">The Housekeeper's Instructor</a></i> 1791)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_butter_pudding" title="Bread and butter pudding">Bread and butter pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_pudding" title="Christmas pudding">Christmas pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">Curry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Curry in the United Kingdom">In UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_pie" title="Shepherd's pie">Cottage or Shepherd's pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_rum_nicky" title="Cumberland rum nicky">Cumberland rum nicky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles_cake" title="Eccles cake">Eccles cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellied_eels" title="Jellied eels">Jellied eels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugging" title="Jugging">Jugged hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">Ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmalade" title="Marmalade">Marmalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_(cake)" title="Parkin (cake)">Parkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccalilli" title="Piccalilli">Piccalilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_pie" title="Pork pie">Pork pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roast_beef" title="Roast beef">Roast beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouse_(food)" title="Scouse (food)">Scouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suet_pudding" title="Suet pudding">Suet pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toad_in_the_hole" title="Toad in the hole">Toad in the hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifle" title="Trifle">Trifle (with jelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_rarebit" title="Welsh rarebit">Welsh rarebit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_pudding" title="Yorkshire pudding">Yorkshire pudding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Rundell" title="Maria Rundell">Maria Rundell</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/A_New_System_of_Domestic_Cookery" title="A New System of Domestic Cookery">A New System of Domestic Cookery</a></i> 1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Acton" title="Eliza Acton">Eliza Acton</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Cookery_for_Private_Families" title="Modern Cookery for Private Families">Modern Cookery for Private Families</a></i> 1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Elm%C3%A9_Francatelli" title="Charles Elmé Francatelli">Charles Elmé Francatelli</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Modern_Cook" title="The Modern Cook">The Modern Cook</a></i> 1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Beeton" title="Isabella Beeton">Isabella Beeton</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Beeton%27s_Book_of_Household_Management" title="Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management">Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management</a></i> 1861)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_and_squeak" title="Bubble and squeak">Bubble and squeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauliflower_cheese" title="Cauliflower cheese">Cauliflower cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobbler_(food)" title="Cobbler (food)">Cobbler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devilled_kidneys" title="Devilled kidneys">Devilled kidneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faggot_(food)" title="Faggot (food)">Faggots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast" title="Full breakfast">Full English breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Sauce" title="HP Sauce">HP Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_cone" title="Ice cream cone">Ice cream cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_hotpot" title="Lancashire hotpot">Lancashire hotpot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potted_shrimps" title="Potted shrimps">Potted shrimps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_and_kidney_pudding" title="Steak and kidney pudding">Steak and kidney pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battenberg_cake" title="Battenberg cake">Battenberg cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_mess" title="Eton mess">Eton mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve%27s_pudding" title="Eve's pudding">Eve's pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_roly-poly" title="Jam roly-poly">Jam roly-poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardy_cake" title="Lardy cake">Lardy cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_cake" title="Madeira cake">Madeira cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_pudding" title="Summer pudding">Summer pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_soup" title="Windsor soup">Windsor soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce" title="Worcestershire sauce">Worcestershire sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Petty" title="Florence Petty">Florence Petty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_David" title="Elizabeth David">Elizabeth David</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/A_Book_of_Mediterranean_Food" title="A Book of Mediterranean Food">A Book of Mediterranean Food</a></i> 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hartley" title="Dorothy Hartley">Dorothy Hartley</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Food_in_England" title="Food in England">Food in England</a></i> 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Spry" title="Constance Spry">Constance Spry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Cradock" title="Fanny Cradock">Fanny Cradock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Patten" title="Marguerite Patten">Marguerite Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Grigson" title="Jane Grigson">Jane Grigson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_Smith" title="Delia Smith">Delia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Stein" title="Rick Stein">Rick Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Slater" title="Nigel Slater">Nigel Slater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Floyd" title="Keith Floyd">Keith Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Pierre_White" title="Marco Pierre White">Marco Pierre White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_Lawson" title="Nigella Lawson">Nigella Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Oliver" title="Jamie Oliver">Jamie Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergus_Henderson" title="Fergus Henderson">Fergus Henderson</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Whole_Beast" title="The Whole Beast">The Whole Beast</a></i> 1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ramsay" title="Gordon Ramsay">Gordon Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Rhodes" title="Gary Rhodes">Gary Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Berry" title="Mary Berry">Mary Berry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakewell_tart" title="Bakewell tart">Bakewell tart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef_Wellington" title="Beef Wellington">Beef Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_cake" title="Carrot cake">Carrot cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_tikka_masala" title="Chicken tikka masala">Chicken tikka masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_chicken" title="Coronation chicken">Coronation chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumble" title="Crumble">Crumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_glory" title="Knickerbocker glory">Knickerbocker glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploughman%27s_lunch" title="Ploughman's lunch">Ploughman's lunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_cream" title="Salad cream">Salad cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_toffee_pudding" title="Sticky toffee pudding">Sticky toffee pudding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heston_Blumenthal" title="Heston Blumenthal">Heston Blumenthal</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Fat_Duck" title="The Fat Duck">The Fat Duck</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Collingham" title="Lizzie Collingham">Lizzie Collingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Fearnley-Whittingstall" title="Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall">Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall</a> (<a href="/wiki/River_Cottage" title="River Cottage">River Cottage</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Khoo" title="Rachel Khoo">Rachel Khoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Albert_Roux" title="Michel Albert Roux">Michel Roux Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Le_Gavroche" title="Le Gavroche">Le Gavroche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Worrall_Thompson" title="Antony Worrall Thompson">Antony Worrall Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Dickson_Wright" title="Clarissa Dickson Wright">Clarissa Dickson Wright</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_English_Food" title="A History of English Food">A History of English Food</a></i> 2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_quiche" title="Coronation quiche">Coronation quiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Pudding" title="Platinum Pudding">Platinum Pudding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_dishes" title="List of English dishes">List of English dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_cheeses" title="List of English cheeses">List of English cheeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_savoury_puddings" title="List of savoury puddings">List of savoury puddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweet_puddings" title="List of sweet puddings">List of sweet puddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">Rationing in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Street_food325" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Street_food" title="Template:Street food"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Street_food" title="Template talk:Street food"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Street_food" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Street food"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Street_food325" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">Street food</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaraj%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarajé">Acarajé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloo chaat">Aloo chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloo_tikki" title="Aloo tikki">Aloo tikki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticucho" title="Anticucho">Anticucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apam_balik" title="Apam balik">Apam balik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arancini" title="Arancini">Arancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asinan" title="Asinan">Asinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakpau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakpau">Bakpau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakso" title="Bakso">Bakso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_ekmek" title="Balık ekmek">Balık ekmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_cue" title="Banana cue">Banana cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_h%E1%BB%8Fi" title="Bánh hỏi">Bánh hỏi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_m%C3%AC" title="Bánh mì">Bánh mì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1nh_x%C3%A8o" title="Bánh xèo">Bánh xèo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batagor" title="Batagor">Batagor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pares_(food)" title="Pares (food)">Beef Pares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beguni" title="Beguni">Beguni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_waffle" title="Belgian waffle">Belgian waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beondegi" title="Beondegi">Beondegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhel_puri" title="Bhel puri">Bhel puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaki" title="Binaki">Binaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binatog" title="Binatog">Binatog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">Biryani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek#Greek_bouréki,_bourekáki,_bougatsa,_and_pita" title="Börek">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">Bratwurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brochette" class="mw-redirect" title="Brochette">Brochette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bublik" title="Bublik">Bublik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubur_ayam" title="Bubur ayam">Bubur ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_cha" title="Bun cha">Bun cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungeo-ppang" title="Bungeo-ppang">Bungeo-ppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_chow" title="Bunny chow">Bunny chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrito" title="Burrito">Burrito</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakfast_burrito" title="Breakfast burrito">Breakfast burrito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzone" title="Calzone">Calzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food#Philippines" title="Squid as food">Calamares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camote_cue" title="Camote cue">Camote cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart_noodle" title="Cart noodle">Cart noodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat" title="Chaat">Chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiko_Roll" title="Chiko Roll">Chiko Roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimichanga" title="Chimichanga">Chimichanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bhel" title="Chinese bhel">Chinese bhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">Cockle (bivalve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C5%8Dng_y%C3%B3u_b%C7%90ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Cōng yóu bǐng">Cōng yóu bǐng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covrigi" title="Covrigi">Covrigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxinha" title="Coxinha">Coxinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe" title="Crêpe">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescia" title="Crescia">Crescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currywurst" title="Currywurst">Currywurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahi_puri" title="Dahi puri">Dahi puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dak-kkochi" title="Dak-kkochi">Dak-kkochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">Dim sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_burger" title="Donkey burger">Donkey burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosa_(food)" title="Dosa (food)">Dosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchilada" title="Enchilada">Enchilada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquites" title="Esquites">Esquites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Farinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_ball" title="Fish ball">Fish ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_tacos" title="French tacos">French tacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_fried_chicken" title="Korean fried chicken">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_fried_chicken" title="Taiwanese fried chicken">Taiwanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">Navajo frybread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galette-saucisse" title="Galette-saucisse">Galette-saucisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginanggang" title="Ginanggang">Ginanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorengan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorengan">Gorengan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghugni" title="Ghugni">Ghugni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gukhwappang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gukhwappang">Gukhwappang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyeranppang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyeranppang">Gyeranppang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyro_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyro (food)">Gyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inihaw" title="Inihaw">Inihaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaw" title="Isaw">Isaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambon" title="Jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhalmuri" title="Jhalmuri">Jhalmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi" title="Jiaozi">Jiaozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaassouffl%C3%A9" title="Kaassoufflé">Kaassoufflé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachori" title="Kachori">Kachori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapsalon" title="Kapsalon">Kapsalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kati_roll" title="Kati roll">Kati roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karantika" title="Karantika">Karantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapli_kebab" title="Chapli kebab">Chapli kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Doner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyinkyinga" title="Kyinkyinga">Kyinkyinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shami_kebab" title="Shami kebab">Shami kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kebabs" title="List of kebabs">List of kebabs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerak_telor" title="Kerak telor">Kerak telor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprak_(dish)" title="Ketoprak (dish)">Ketoprak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanom_Tokyo" title="Khanom Tokyo">Khanom Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngo_hiang" title="Ngo hiang">Kikiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokneneng" title="Tokneneng">Kwek Kwek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">Laksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1ngos" title="Lángos">Lángos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchi" title="Luchi">Luchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malatang" title="Malatang">Malatang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_soup" title="Mami soup">Mami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruya_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maruya (food)">Maruya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_puri" title="Masala puri">Masala puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_pie" title="Meat pie">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie_ayam" title="Mie ayam">Mie ayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtabak" title="Murtabak">Murtabak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">Naan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nem_chua_r%C3%A1n" title="Nem chua rán">Nem chua rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwarzanek_krakowski" title="Obwarzanek krakowski">Obwarzanek krakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_thai" title="Pad thai">Pad thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajeon" title="Pajeon">Pajeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakora" title="Pakora">Pakora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneer_tikka" title="Paneer tikka">Paneer tikka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa" title="Pani câ meusa">Pani câ meusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)" title="Panini (sandwich)">Panini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panipuri" title="Panipuri">Panipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerotti" title="Panzerotti">Panzerotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papri_chaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Papri chaat">Papri chaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratha" title="Paratha">Paratha</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pav_bhaji" title="Pav bhaji">Pav bhaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pempek" title="Pempek">Pempek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepito_(sandwich)" title="Pepito (sandwich)">Pepito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peremech" title="Peremech">Peremech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pho" title="Pho">Pho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picarones" title="Picarones">Picarones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinasugbo" title="Pinasugbo">Pinasugbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio" title="Pizza al taglio">Pizza al taglio</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice" title="Pizza by the slice">Pizza by the slice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzetta" title="Pizzetta">Pizzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83" title="Plăcintă">Plăcintă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pljeskavica" title="Pljeskavica">Pljeskavica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattened_rice" title="Flattened rice">Poha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">Poutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punugulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Punugulu">Punugulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(food)" title="Puri (food)">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_eggs" title="Quail eggs">Quail eggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quesadilla" title="Quesadilla">Quesadilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat-on-a-stick" title="Rat-on-a-stick">Rat-on-a-stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%BEnji%C4%87i" title="Ražnjići">Ražnjići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogan_josh" title="Rogan josh">Rogan josh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojak" title="Rojak">Rojak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">Roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_bakar" title="Roti bakar">Roti bakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roti_john" title="Roti john">Roti john</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roujiamo" title="Roujiamo">Roujiamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumali_roti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumali roti">Rumali roti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustico_(pastry)" title="Rustico (pastry)">Rustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Samosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardenara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardenara">Sardenara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">Satay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage_roll" title="Sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seblak" title="Seblak">Seblak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevpuri">Sevpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfenj" title="Sfenj">Sfenj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao_Kao" class="mw-redirect" title="Shao Kao">Shao Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashlik" title="Shashlik">Shashlik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_pizza" title="Sicilian pizza">Sicilian pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">Siomay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soto_(food)" title="Soto (food)">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvlaki" title="Souvlaki">Souvlaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigghiola" title="Stigghiola">Stigghiola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(food)" title="Stromboli (food)">Stromboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">Taco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_taco" title="Korean taco">Korean taco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahri_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahri (dish)">Tahri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_gejrot" title="Tahu gejrot">Tahu gejrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_sumedang" title="Tahu sumedang">Tahu sumedang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoyaki" title="Takoyaki">Takoyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">Tamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_chicken" title="Tandoori chicken">Tandoori chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangbao" title="Tangbao">Tangbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquito" title="Taquito">Taquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauge_goreng" title="Tauge goreng">Tauge goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_potato" title="Tornado potato">Tornado potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turon_(food)" title="Turon (food)">Turon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar" title="U' pastizz 'rtunnar">U' pastizz 'rtunnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_(food)" title="Vada (food)">Vada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastedda" title="Vastedda">Vastedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_noodles" title="Vietnamese noodles">Vietnamese noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%B4i" title="Xôi">Xôi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakitori" title="Yakitori">Yakitori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapiekanka" title="Zapiekanka">Zapiekanka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A food truck"><img alt="A food truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg/120px-La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg/250px-La_Ranchera_Serving_Side.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_street_food" title="Regional street food">By location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_street_food" title="Hong Kong street food">Hong Kong</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Chennai" title="Street food of Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Mumbai" title="Street food of Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Indonesia" title="Street food of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_street_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican street food">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine#Street_food_and_other_snacks" title="Filipino cuisine">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_in_South_Korea" title="Street food in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine#Night_market_dishes" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_food_of_Thailand" title="Street food of Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_catering" title="Mobile catering">Mobile catering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_kitchen" title="Field kitchen">Field kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_booth" title="Food booth">Food booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_cart" title="Food cart">Food cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">Food truck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_truck_rally" title="Food truck rally">Food truck rally</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_cart" title="Hot dog cart">Hot dog cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_stand" title="Hot dog stand">Hot dog stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream_van" title="Ice cream van">Ice cream van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B8lsevogn" title="Pølsevogn">Sausage wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taco_stand" title="Taco stand">Taco stand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yatai_(retail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yatai (retail)">Yatai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pojangmacha" title="Pojangmacha">Pojangmacha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrstelstand" title="Würstelstand">Würstelstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_foods" title="List of street foods">List of street foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_trucks" title="List of food trucks">List of food trucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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