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Mangaan - Wikipedia

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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Mangaan" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&amp;returnto=Mangaan" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ontdekking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontdekking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbindingen_en_toepassingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbindingen_en_toepassingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verbindingen en toepassingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbindingen_en_toepassingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opmerkelijke_eigenschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opmerkelijke_eigenschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Opmerkelijke eigenschappen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opmerkelijke_eigenschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verschijning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verschijning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verschijning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verschijning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Isotopen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotopen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ionen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ionen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ionen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ionen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicologie_en_veiligheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicologie_en_veiligheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Toxicologie en veiligheid</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Toxicologie_en_veiligheid-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toxicologie en veiligheid-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Toxicologie_en_veiligheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lasrook_en_keramiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lasrook_en_keramiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Lasrook en keramiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lasrook_en_keramiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brandgevaar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brandgevaar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Brandgevaar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brandgevaar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mangaan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 154 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%9D" title="ማንጋኒዝ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማንጋኒዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A9s" title="Manganés – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Manganés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मैंगनीज – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मैंगनीज" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منغنيز – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منغنيز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منݣنيز – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="منݣنيز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منجنيز – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منجنيز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesu" title="Manganesu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Manganesu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manirtel" title="Manirtel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Manirtel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manqan" title="Manqan – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Manqan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B2" title="منگنز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="منگنز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan_(datu)" title="Mangan (datu) – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mangan (datu)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganeso" title="Mangganeso – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mangganeso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मैंगनीज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैंगनीज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BA" title="မဲန်ဂနီ့သ် – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မဲန်ဂနီ့သ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C" title="ম্যাঙ্গানিজ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাঙ্গানিজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="མེང་ལྕགས། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེང་ལྕགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganez" title="Manganez – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Manganez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8s" title="Manganès – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manganès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2ing_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mâing (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مەنگەنیز – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەنگەنیز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AEs" title="Manganîs – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Manganîs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%B0" title="މެންގަނީޒް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މެންގަނީޒް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαγγάνιο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαγγάνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangano" title="Mangano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mangano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B2" title="منگنز – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منگنز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaani" title="Mangaani – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mangaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manganèse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Manganês" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangain%C3%A9is" title="Mangainéis – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mangainéis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaineis" title="Mangaineis – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mangaineis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manganeso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9D" title="મેંગેનિઝ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મેંગેનિઝ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganaish" title="Manganaish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Manganaish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9F" title="מנגן – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="मैंगनीज़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैंगनीज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8z" title="Manganèz – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Manganèz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n" title="Mangán – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mangán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մանգան – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մանգան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Ӏаьржадаьредаш (химе элемент) – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ӏаьржадаьредаш (химе элемент)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangano" title="Mangano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mangano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3" title="マンガン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンガン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrmanga" title="jinmrmanga – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrmanga" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მანგანუმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანგანუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%8Bgan%C9%9Bz%C9%A9" title="Maŋganɛzɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maŋganɛzɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮ್ಯಾಂಗನೀಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಂಗನೀಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%88" title="망가니즈 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="망가니즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganes" title="Manganes – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Manganes" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganum" title="Manganum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Manganum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaan" title="Mangaan – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mangaan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeise" title="Manganeise – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Manganeise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganeis" title="Manganeis – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Manganeis" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA" title="ມັງ​ກາ​ນີສ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມັງ​ກາ​ນີສ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganas" title="Manganas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manganas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C4%81ns" title="Mangāns – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mangāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мангани – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мангани" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganezy" title="Manganezy – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manganezy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മാംഗനീസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാംഗനീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C" title="मँगनीज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मँगनीज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – West-Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="West-Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="မက်ဂနိစ် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဂနိစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8s" title="Manganès – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manganès" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganum" title="Manganum – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Manganum" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C" title="ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Марган – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Марган" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਮੈਂਗਨੀਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਂਗਨੀਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="म्याङ्यानिज – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="म्याङ्यानिज" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8is" title="Manganèis – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Manganèis" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مینگانیز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مینگانیز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="منگنيز – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="منگنيز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manganês" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manqanisu" title="Manqanisu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Manqanisu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganu" title="Manganu – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Manganu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D" title="मैङ्गनीज् – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मैङ्गनीज्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesu" title="Manganesu – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Manganesu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganesi" title="Manganesi – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Manganesi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="මැංගනීස් – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මැංගනීස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n" title="Mangán – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mangán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganiis" title="Manganiis – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Manganiis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangani" title="Mangani – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mangani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganisi" title="Manganisi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Manganisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="மாங்கனீசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாங்கனீசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="మేంగనీస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మేంగనీస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA" title="แมงกานีส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมงกานีส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganiso" title="Mangganiso – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mangganiso" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganez" title="Manganez – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manganez" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Марганец" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مانگان – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مانگان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Манган" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="مینگنیز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مینگنیز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marganets" title="Marganets – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Marganets" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marganc" title="Marganc – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Marganc" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mangan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangganeso" title="Mangganeso – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mangganeso" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9F" title="מאנגאן – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאנגאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganisi" title="Manganisi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Manganisi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" title="錳 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="錳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Manganese" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" title="錳 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="錳" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UManyazini" title="UManyazini – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UManyazini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q731#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangaan" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangaan"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mangaan"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Mangaan" title="Lijst met alle pagina&#039;s die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Mangaan" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina&#039;s waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina&#039;s [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;oldid=67633088" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&amp;page=Mangaan&amp;id=67633088&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMangaan"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMangaan"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Mangaan"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Mangaan&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Manganese" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q731" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-woordenboek" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Woordenboek"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/mangaan" title="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek"><img alt="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#cedaf2; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Mangaan </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><span> <table style="font-size:85%; padding:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center" border="0" align="center" class="vatop"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetaal" title="Alkalimetaal">1</a></th> <th colspan="16"></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Edelgas" title="Edelgas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Periode-1-element" title="Periode-1-element">1</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Waterstof_(element)" title="Waterstof (element)">H</a> </td> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Aardalkalimetaal" title="Aardalkalimetaal">2</a> </th> <th colspan="10" style="text-align:center"><big><a href="/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem">Periodiek systeem</a></big> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Boorgroep" title="Boorgroep">13</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Koolstofgroep" title="Koolstofgroep">14</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Stikstofgroep" title="Stikstofgroep">15</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Zuurstofgroep" title="Zuurstofgroep">16</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Halogeen" title="Halogeen">17</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Periode-2-element" title="Periode-2-element">2</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Lithium_(element)" title="Lithium (element)">Li</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="10" align="center"> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Boor_(element)" title="Boor (element)">B</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">C</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Stikstof_(element)" title="Stikstof (element)">N</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Zuurstof_(element)" title="Zuurstof (element)">O</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Fluor_(element)" title="Fluor (element)">F</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Neon_(element)" title="Neon (element)">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Periode-3-element" title="Periode-3-element">3</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Scandiumgroep" title="Scandiumgroep">3</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Titaangroep" title="Titaangroep">4</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadiumgroep" title="Vanadiumgroep">5</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Chroomgroep" title="Chroomgroep">6</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mangaangroep" title="Mangaangroep">7</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Platinagroep" title="Platinagroep">8</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;">9 </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;">10 </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Kopergroep" title="Kopergroep">11</a> </th> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Zinkgroep" title="Zinkgroep">12</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Zwavel" title="Zwavel">S</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Chloor_(element)" title="Chloor (element)">Cl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Periode-4-element" title="Periode-4-element">4</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Chroom_(element)" title="Chroom (element)">Cr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#bff"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/IJzer_(element)" title="IJzer (element)">Fe</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Koper_(element)" title="Koper (element)">Cu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Zink_(element)" title="Zink (element)">Zn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Arseen" title="Arseen">As</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Seleen" title="Seleen">Se</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Broom_(element)" title="Broom (element)">Br</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Krypton_(element)" title="Krypton (element)">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Periode-5-element" title="Periode-5-element">5</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Molybdeen" title="Molybdeen">Mo</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Palladium_(element)" title="Palladium (element)">Pd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Zilver" title="Zilver">Ag</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Tin_(element)" title="Tin (element)">Sn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Antimoon" title="Antimoon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Telluur" title="Telluur">Te</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Jodium_(element)" title="Jodium (element)">I</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Periode-6-element" title="Periode-6-element">6</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align: middle;" bgcolor="#777"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">↓</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Tantaal" title="Tantaal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Wolfraam" title="Wolfraam">W</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Iridium_(element)" title="Iridium (element)">Ir</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">Au</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik">Hg</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Lood_(element)" title="Lood (element)">Pb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Astaat" title="Astaat">At</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Radon_(element)" title="Radon (element)">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Periode-7-element" title="Periode-7-element">7</a> </th> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa; vertical-align: middle;" bgcolor="#777"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">↓↓</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenium" title="Röntgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td width="32" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthaniden</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Lanthaan" title="Lanthaan">La</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actiniden</a> </th> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;" bgcolor="#999"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mangaan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/304px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="304" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/456px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/608px-Manganese_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5424" data-file-height="3368" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Mangaan</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#cedaf2; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_chemische_elementen" title="Lijst van chemische elementen">Naam</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Mangaan </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_chemische_elementen" title="Lijst van chemische elementen">Symbool</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Mn </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Atoomnummer" title="Atoomnummer">Atoomnummer</a> </th> <td colspan="2">25 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Groep_(periodiek_systeem)" title="Groep (periodiek systeem)">Groep</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mangaangroep" title="Mangaangroep">Mangaangroep</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Periode_(scheikunde)" title="Periode (scheikunde)">Periode</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Periode-4-element" title="Periode-4-element">Periode 4</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Blok_van_het_periodiek_systeem" title="Blok van het periodiek systeem">Blok</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/D-blok" class="mw-redirect" title="D-blok">D-blok</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Reeks_van_het_periodiek_systeem" title="Reeks van het periodiek systeem">Reeks</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Overgangsmetaal" title="Overgangsmetaal">Overgangsmetalen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kleur" title="Kleur">Kleur</a> </th> <td colspan="2">grijskleurig </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#cedaf2; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Chemische eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Atoommassa" title="Atoommassa">Atoommassa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atomaire_massa-eenheid" title="Atomaire massa-eenheid">u</a>) </th> <td colspan="2">54,938 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elektronenconfiguratie" title="Elektronenconfiguratie">Elektronenconfiguratie</a> </th> <td colspan="2">[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>]3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oxidatietoestand" title="Oxidatietoestand">Oxidatietoestanden</a> </th> <td colspan="2">+2, +3, +4, +7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativiteit" title="Elektronegativiteit">Elektronegativiteit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schaal_van_Pauling" title="Schaal van Pauling">Pauling</a>) </th> <td colspan="2">1,55 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Atoomstraal" title="Atoomstraal">Atoomstraal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Picometer" title="Picometer">pm</a>) </th> <td colspan="2">127 </td></tr> <tr> <th>1e <a href="/wiki/Ionisatiepotentiaal" title="Ionisatiepotentiaal">ionisatiepotentiaal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>·<a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">717,28 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2e <a href="/wiki/Ionisatiepotentiaal" title="Ionisatiepotentiaal">ionisatiepotentiaal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>·<a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">1509,04 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3e <a href="/wiki/Ionisatiepotentiaal" title="Ionisatiepotentiaal">ionisatiepotentiaal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>·<a href="/wiki/Mol_(eenheid)" title="Mol (eenheid)">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">3248,49 </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#cedaf2; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Fysische eigenschappen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Massadichtheid" title="Massadichtheid">Dichtheid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a>·<a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">m</a><sup>−3</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">7430 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hardheidsschaal_van_Mohs" title="Hardheidsschaal van Mohs">Hardheid</a> (Mohs) </th> <td colspan="2">6,0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Smeltpunt" title="Smeltpunt">Smeltpunt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin_(eenheid)" title="Kelvin (eenheid)">K</a>) </th> <td colspan="2">1517 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kookpunt" title="Kookpunt">Kookpunt</a> (K) </th> <td colspan="2">2333 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aggregatietoestand" title="Aggregatietoestand">Aggregatietoestand</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Vast </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Smeltwarmte" title="Smeltwarmte">Smeltwarmte</a> (kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">12,1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Verdampingswarmte" title="Verdampingswarmte">Verdampingswarmte</a> (kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">226,0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kristalstructuur" title="Kristalstructuur">Kristalstructuur</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Kub </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Molair_volume" title="Molair volume">Molair volume</a> (m<sup>3</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">7,35·10<sup>−6</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Geluidssnelheid" title="Geluidssnelheid">Geluidssnelheid</a> (m·<a href="/wiki/Seconde" title="Seconde">s</a><sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">5150 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Soortelijke_warmte" title="Soortelijke warmte">Specifieke warmte</a> (J·kg<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">480 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elektrische_weerstand_(eigenschap)" title="Elektrische weerstand (eigenschap)">Elektrische weerstand</a> (μ<a href="/wiki/Ohm_(eenheid)" title="Ohm (eenheid)">Ω</a>·<a href="/wiki/Centimeter" title="Centimeter">cm</a>) </th> <td colspan="2">144 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Warmteoverdracht" title="Warmteoverdracht">Warmtegeleiding</a> (<a href="/wiki/Watt_(eenheid)" title="Watt (eenheid)">W</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>) </th> <td colspan="2">7,82 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><small><a href="/wiki/SI-stelsel" title="SI-stelsel">SI</a>-eenheden en <a href="/wiki/Standaardomstandigheden" title="Standaardomstandigheden">standaardtemperatuur en -druk</a> worden gebruikt,<br />tenzij anders aangegeven</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#cedaf2; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>&#160; <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> &#160; </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Scheikunde" title="Portaal:Scheikunde">Scheikunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Mangaan</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Scheikundig_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheikundig element">scheikundig element</a> met symbool <b>Mn</b> en <a href="/wiki/Atoomnummer" title="Atoomnummer">atoomnummer</a> 25. Het is een grijskleurig <a href="/wiki/Overgangsmetaal" title="Overgangsmetaal">overgangsmetaal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontdekking">Ontdekking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontdekking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontdekking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al sinds de <a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">prehistorie</a> wordt mangaan gebruikt. 15.000 jaar voor het begin van onze <a href="/wiki/Jaartelling" title="Jaartelling">jaartelling</a> werd het mineraal <a href="/wiki/Pyrolusiet" title="Pyrolusiet">pyrolusiet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mangaan(IV)oxide" title="Mangaan(IV)oxide">mangaan(IV)oxide</a>, mangaandioxide) al gebruikt als <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Verf" title="Verf">verf</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Oude_Egypte" title="Oude Egypte">Egyptenaren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oude_Rome" title="Oude Rome">Romeinen</a> pasten mangaan toe tijdens de productie van <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glas</a>, om de groenkleuring veroorzaakt door ijzerverontreinigingen tegen te gaan, maar ook om het glas een typische <a href="/wiki/Amethist" title="Amethist">amethistkleur</a> te geven. De <a href="/wiki/Sparta_(Griekenland)" title="Sparta (Griekenland)">Spartanen</a> maakten <a href="/wiki/Legering" title="Legering">legeringen</a> van mangaan en <a href="/wiki/IJzer_(element)" title="IJzer (element)">ijzer</a> waardoor de <a href="/wiki/Smeden" title="Smeden">smeedbaarheid</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hardheid_(materiaalkunde)" title="Hardheid (materiaalkunde)">hardheid</a> van het ijzer verbeterd werd. </p><p>In de <a href="/wiki/17e_eeuw" title="17e eeuw">17e eeuw</a> produceerde de <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duitse</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemicus">chemicus</a> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolph_Glauber" title="Johann Rudolph Glauber">Glauber</a> voor het eerst <a href="/wiki/Kaliumpermanganaat" title="Kaliumpermanganaat">kaliumpermanganaat</a>, een stof die veel toepassing vindt in chemische laboratoria. In het midden van de <a href="/wiki/18e_eeuw" title="18e eeuw">18e eeuw</a> werd mangaanoxide gebruikt voor <a href="/wiki/Dichloor" title="Dichloor">chloorproductie</a>. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Zweden" title="Zweden">Zweedse</a> chemici <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Scheele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torbern_Olof_Bergman" title="Torbern Olof Bergman">Bergman</a> en anderen kwamen tot de conclusie dat mangaan een element moest zijn.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hun landgenoot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Gottlieb_Gahn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Gottlieb Gahn (de pagina bestaat niet)">Gahn</a> isoleerde zuiver mangaan in 1774 door mangaanoxide te reduceren met <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In het begin van de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">19e eeuw</a> gingen wetenschappers op zoek naar manieren waarop mangaan gebruikt kon worden in de productie van staal. In 1816 werd ontdekt dat de toevoeging van mangaan aan ijzer leidde tot een hardere staalvariant, zonder het breekbaar te maken. </p><p>De naam <i>mangaan</i> komt van het <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijnse</a> <i>magnes</i>, dat <i><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">magneet</a></i> betekent.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbindingen_en_toepassingen">Verbindingen en toepassingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verbindingen en toepassingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verbindingen en toepassingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mangaan wordt voornamelijk gebruikt als legeringselement in de staalproductie. Mangaan wordt toegevoegd aan gesmolten staal om zuurstof en zwavel te verwijderen en vormt een <a href="/wiki/Legering" title="Legering">legering</a> met staal, zodat dit makkelijker in vorm te buigen is. Verder verstevigt mangaan het staal en maakt het staal beter bestand tegen <a href="/wiki/Corrosie" title="Corrosie">corrosie</a>. </p><p>Andere toepassingen van mangaan zijn: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mangaan(IV)oxide" title="Mangaan(IV)oxide">mangaan(IV)oxide</a> wordt gebruikt in <a href="/wiki/Batterij_(techniek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batterij (techniek)">batterijen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliumpermanganaat" title="Kaliumpermanganaat">kaliumpermanganaat</a> kent veel toepassingen als <a href="/wiki/Reagens" title="Reagens">reagens</a>, of vaak als <a href="/wiki/Oxidator" title="Oxidator">oxidator</a> en <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">katalysator</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Organische_chemie" title="Organische chemie">organische chemie</a> (vanwege de zeer krachtige oxiderende eigenschappen wordt het soms gebruikt door de amateurpyrotechnicus)</li> <li>de glasindustrie maakt net als in de oudheid nog steeds op kleine schaal gebruik van mangaan voor de kleuring van <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glas</a>; mangaan geeft glas een paarse kleur.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangaanstaal" title="Mangaanstaal">mangaanstaal</a> wordt ook gebruikt in messen omdat het een zeer scherpe rand kan creëren en behouden.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In biologisch/<a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">fysiologisch</a> opzicht is mangaan nodig voor de vorming van <a href="/wiki/Botweefsel" title="Botweefsel">botweefsel</a> en is mangaan betrokken bij de <a href="/wiki/Stofwisseling" title="Stofwisseling">stofwisseling</a> van <a href="/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur">aminozuren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a> en <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolhydraat">koolhydraten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opmerkelijke_eigenschappen">Opmerkelijke eigenschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Opmerkelijke eigenschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Opmerkelijke eigenschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mangaan is een vrij uniek metaal dat vrijwel niet te vervangen is door andere metalen. Het heeft veel eigenschappen die verschillen van andere elementen. Het is een erg hard, maar breekbaar metaal, dat moeilijk ontbrandt, maar makkelijk <a href="/wiki/Oxidatie" title="Oxidatie">oxideert</a>. Het element beschikt over <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetisme" title="Ferromagnetisme">ferromagnetische</a> eigenschappen en het kan verschillende <a href="/wiki/Oxidatietoestand" title="Oxidatietoestand">oxidatietoestanden</a> aannemen. De oxidatietoestanden +2, +3, +4 en +7 komen geregeld voor en ook +1 en +6 worden soms waargenomen. Vooral in de oxidatietoestand +7 is mangaan een krachtige <a href="/wiki/Oxidator" title="Oxidator">oxidator</a>. Mn<sup>2+</sup> speelt een belangrijke rol in <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologische</a> systemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verschijning">Verschijning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verschijning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verschijning"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er zijn veel plaatsen bekend waar mangaan in de <a href="/wiki/Aardkorst" title="Aardkorst">aardkorst</a> voorkomt, in de vorm van <a href="/wiki/Pyrolusiet" title="Pyrolusiet">pyrolusiet</a> (MnO<sub>2</sub>) en <a href="/wiki/Rhodochrosiet" title="Rhodochrosiet">rhodochrosiet</a> (MnCO<sub>3</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> De kwaliteit van het erts is vaak matig. De beste bronnen worden gevonden in <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika">Zuid-Afrika</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a>. Samen leveren deze twee gebieden ongeveer 80% van de totale jaarlijkse wereldproductie. Op de bodem van de <a href="/wiki/Oceaan" title="Oceaan">oceanen</a> wordt mangaan in enorme hoeveelheden aangetroffen in de vorm van <a href="/wiki/Mangaanknol" title="Mangaanknol">mangaanknollen</a> maar de winning hiervan is economisch en technisch niet aantrekkelijk door de grote diepte waarop deze knollen zich bevinden en vanwege milieubezwaren.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ook op de bodem van <a href="/wiki/Michiganmeer" title="Michiganmeer">Lake Michigan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bovenmeer" title="Bovenmeer">Lake Superior</a> zijn grote hoeveelheden van deze mangaanknollen gevonden.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Topproducenten van mangaan 2019<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <th>Productie (<a href="/wiki/Ton_(massa)" title="Ton (massa)">miljoenen ton</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zuid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Zuid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika">Zuid-Afrika</a></td> <td align="right">5,80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Australië"><img alt="Vlag van Australië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(land)" title="Australië (land)">Australië</a></td> <td align="right">3,18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Gabon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Gabon"><img alt="Vlag van Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></td> <td align="right">2,51 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Brazilië"><img alt="Vlag van Brazilië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Brazili%C3%AB" title="Brazilië">Brazilië</a></td> <td align="right">1,74 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ghana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ghana"><img alt="Vlag van Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td align="right">1,55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van China"><img alt="Vlag van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">China</a></td> <td align="right">1,33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van India"><img alt="Vlag van India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td align="right">0,80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oekraïne"><img alt="Vlag van Oekraïne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a></td> <td align="right">0,50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ivoorkust"><img alt="Vlag van Ivoorkust" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/20px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/30px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/40px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ivoorkust" title="Ivoorkust">Ivoorkust</a></td> <td align="right">0,48 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Myanmar"><img alt="Vlag van Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/40px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></td> <td align="right">0,43 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopen">Isotopen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Isotopen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Isotopen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Isotopen_van_mangaan" title="Isotopen van mangaan">Isotopen van mangaan</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Stabielste isotopen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop">Iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Relatieve_aanwezigheid" title="Relatieve aanwezigheid">RA</a> (%) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Halveringstijd" title="Halveringstijd">Halveringstijd</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vervalvorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Vervalvorm">VV</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vervalenergie" title="Vervalenergie">VE</a> (M<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">eV</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vervalproduct" title="Vervalproduct">VP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>53</sup>Mn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Synthetische_radio-isotoop" title="Synthetische radio-isotoop">syn</a> </td> <td>3,74×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Jaar" title="Jaar">j</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronenvangst" title="Elektronenvangst">EV</a> </td> <td>3,436 </td> <td><sup>53</sup>Cr </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>54</sup>Mn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Synthetische_radio-isotoop" title="Synthetische radio-isotoop">syn</a> </td> <td>312,3 <a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8taverval" title="Bètaverval">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td>1,377 </td> <td><sup>54</sup>Fe </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>55</sup>Mn </td> <td>100 </td> <td colspan="4">stabiel met 30 neutronen </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In de natuur is er één stabiele isotoop van mangaan bekend: mangaan-55. Daarnaast zijn er zo'n achttien radioactieve mangaanisotopen bekend waarvan de <a href="/wiki/Halveringstijd" title="Halveringstijd">halveringstijd</a> varieert van enkele seconden tot miljoenen jaren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ionen">Ionen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ionen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ionen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oxidatiegetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidatiegetal">Oxidatiegetal</a> </th> <th>Toelichting </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top">0</td> <td>Vrij metaal, komt niet in de natuur voor </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top">+1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top">+2</td> <td>Standaardwaarde voor mangaan in waterige oplossingen </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top">+3</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan(III)hydroxide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangaan(III)hydroxide (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mangaan(III)hydroxide</a>, gevormd (en weer omgezet in oxidatietoestand +2) tijdens de bepaling van het <a href="/w/index.php?title=D-Dizuurstof&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="D-Dizuurstof (de pagina bestaat niet)">zuurstofgehalte</a> in watermonsters </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top">+4</td> <td>Vooral als <a href="/wiki/Mangaan(IV)oxide" title="Mangaan(IV)oxide">mangaan(IV)oxide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top">+5</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top">+6</td> <td>Als <a href="/wiki/Manganaat" title="Manganaat">manganaat</a>, treedt op tijdens het vernietigen van <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a> met behulp van een <a href="/wiki/Base_(scheikunde)" title="Base (scheikunde)">basische</a> oplossing van <a href="/wiki/Kaliumpermanganaat" title="Kaliumpermanganaat">kaliumpermanganaat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top">+7</td> <td>Vooral als <a href="/wiki/Kaliumpermanganaat" title="Kaliumpermanganaat">kaliumpermanganaat</a> in het laboratorium </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicologie_en_veiligheid">Toxicologie en veiligheid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toxicologie en veiligheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toxicologie en veiligheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mangaan is een stof die overal op aarde voorkomt. Mangaan, mangaanoxide, <a href="/wiki/Mangaanviolet" title="Mangaanviolet">mangaanvioletpigmenten</a> of andere mangaanverbindingen zijn in poedervorm of als damp <a href="/wiki/Vergif" title="Vergif">giftig</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zuur_(scheikunde)" title="Zuur (scheikunde)">Zure</a> permanganaatoplossingen tasten organisch materiaal aan en kunnen andere stoffen tot ontbranding brengen. </p><p><span id="Mangaanvergiftiging"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lasrook_en_keramiek">Lasrook en keramiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Lasrook en keramiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Lasrook en keramiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mangaan is een <a href="/wiki/Neurotoxisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotoxisch">neurotoxisch</a> essentieel <a href="/wiki/Sporenelement" title="Sporenelement">sporenelement</a>. Dit betekent dat mensen het nodig hebben, maar dat het bij te hoge concentratie in het menselijk lichaam giftig is. Mangaan krijgt de mens binnen via voedsel zoals spinazie, thee, soja, eieren en kruiden. Symptomen van <b>mangaanvergiftiging</b> zijn <a href="/wiki/Hallucinatie" title="Hallucinatie">hallucinaties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vergeetachtigheid" title="Vergeetachtigheid">vergeetachtigheid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parkinsonisme" title="Parkinsonisme">parkinsonverschijnselen</a> en schade aan de zenuwbanen. Te veel mangaan binnenkrijgen via eten komt eigenlijk niet voor. </p><p>Chronische mangaanvergiftiging is meestal het gevolg van langdurige inademing van mangaanstof in de <b>lasrook</b> die tijdens het <a href="/wiki/Booglassen" title="Booglassen">booglassen</a> vrijkomt. Dikke en snel stollende <a href="/wiki/Booglaselektrode" class="mw-redirect" title="Booglaselektrode">booglaselektroden</a> die met een <a href="/wiki/Rutiel" title="Rutiel">rutielbekleding</a> bedekt zijn, vaak voor constructielaswerk in de scheepsbouw gebruikt, produceren doorgaans veel lasrook met relatief veel mangaanoxide. Mangaanvergiftiging is bij lassers een erkende <a href="/wiki/Beroepsziekte" title="Beroepsziekte">beroepsziekte</a>. De inademing van rookdeeltjes die vrijkomen bij de vervaardiging van <a href="/wiki/Keramiek" title="Keramiek">keramiek</a>, zoals door <a href="/wiki/Oven_(apparaat)" title="Oven (apparaat)">ovens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Steenfabriek" title="Steenfabriek">steen-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Glasfabriek" title="Glasfabriek">glasfabrieken</a>, kunnen vergelijkbare longproblemen veroorzaken.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brandgevaar">Brandgevaar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Brandgevaar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Brandgevaar"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/125px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/188px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/250px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption>Symbool voor oxiderend in <a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonised_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">GHS-etikettering</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Permanganaten" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanganaten">Permanganaten</a> zijn sterke oxidatoren die met organische oplosmiddelen felle branden of explosies kunnen veroorzaken.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tussen de droge <a href="/wiki/Kristal_(natuurwetenschappen)" title="Kristal (natuurwetenschappen)">kristallen</a> van kaliumpermanganaat en het oppervlak van de vloeistof komen langzaam steeds meer kleinere en grotere sterk <a href="/wiki/Exotherme_processen" class="mw-redirect" title="Exotherme processen">exotherme processen</a> of explosieve reacties op gang. Als een slordige <a href="/wiki/Laborant" title="Laborant">laborant</a> zijn <a href="/wiki/Zuurkast" title="Zuurkast">zuurkast</a> niet schoon houdt, waardoor gemorste kristallen van permanganaten of kristallen van vergelijkbare sterke <a href="/wiki/Oxidator" title="Oxidator">oxidatoren</a>, zoals <a href="/wiki/Perchloraten" class="mw-redirect" title="Perchloraten">perchloraten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chromaten_en_dichromaten" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromaten en dichromaten">chromaten en dichromaten</a> in aanraking kunnen komen met brandbare vloeistoffen, kunnen gevaarlijke situaties ontstaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangaan&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/14px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/21px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_important_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>&#160;<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_lang=en&amp;p_card_id=0174">mangaan</a></i> - <small><small><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Safety_Card" title="International Chemical Safety Card">International Chemical Safety Card</a></small></small></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenntech.nl/periodiek/elementen/Mn.htm"><i>Lenntech.nl</i> - mangaan</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Mn.html"><i>EnvironmentalChemistry.com</i> - mangaan</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Mn/index.html"><i>WebElements.com</i> - mangaan</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><b>Bronnen</b></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CRC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFHammond1975_B-22,_B-23"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hammond, C. R.</span>&#32;(1975-1976).&#32;<cite><i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i></cite>. CRC Press,&#32;B-22, B-23.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2009_pp.66-67"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Theodore Gray</span>&#32;(oktober 2009).&#32;<cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/theodore-gray/elements/9781603764056/">The Elements A visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in th Universe</a></i></cite>. Black Dog &amp; Leventhal publishers,&#32;pp.66-67.&#32;<span class="&#73;SBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-60376-405-6" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-60376-405-6">ISBN 978-1-60376-405-6</a></span>.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709191140/https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/theodore-gray/elements/9781603764056/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-07-09">9 juli 2023</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vitamine-info.nl/alle-vitamines-en-mineralen-op-een-rij/mangaan/">Vitamine-info</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231204184524/https://www.vitamine-info.nl/alle-vitamines-en-mineralen-op-een-rij/mangaan/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 4 december 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eoswetenschap.eu/natuur-milieu/diepzeemijnbouw-stappen-het-duister#:~:text=Mangaanknollen%20ontstaan%20op%20een%20diepte,onze%20mobiele%20telefoons%20en%20zonnepanelen.&amp;text=groeit%20op%20een%20mangaanknol%20in%20de%20diepzee.">Eoswetenschap.eu over het winnen van Mangaanknollen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf">USGS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506025719/https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op 6 mei 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_BYEp4dILk">Rechter stelt zieke Albert Schuurman in het gelijk</a> - nieuwsbericht van <a href="/wiki/Omroep_Gelderland" title="Omroep Gelderland">Omroep Gelderland</a> op <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429140853/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_BYEp4dILk&amp;gl=US&amp;hl=en">Gearchiveerd</a> op 29 april 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huQ9kwzS8gk">Alcohol + Potassium permanganate = Explosive reaction!</a> - filmpje op [YouTube] van het ontstaan van brand en een explosie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419142735/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huQ9kwzS8gk">Gearchiveerd</a> op 19 april 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Mangaangroep"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_mangaangroep" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie mangaangroep"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_mangaangroep&amp;action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Mangaangroep" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Mangaangroep" title="Mangaangroep">Mangaangroep</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mangaan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Renium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </p> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Chemische_elementen_en_isotopen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_elementen" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie elementen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_elementen&amp;action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Chemische_elementen_en_isotopen" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde">Chemische</a> elementen en isotopen</div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Periodiek systeem:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem">standaard</a> · <a href="/wiki/Periodiek_systeem/Alternatieve_tabel" title="Periodiek systeem/Alternatieve tabel">alternatief</a> · <a href="/wiki/Periodiek_systeem/Elektronenconfiguratie" title="Periodiek systeem/Elektronenconfiguratie">elektronenconfiguratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ezelsbruggetje#Scheikunde" title="Ezelsbruggetje">ezelsbruggetje eerste 20 elementen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_periodiek_systeem" title="Geschiedenis van het periodiek systeem">geschiedenis</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Isotopentabel:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Isotopentabel" title="Isotopentabel">op element (compleet</a> <a href="/wiki/Isotopentabel_(in_delen)" title="Isotopentabel (in delen)">/ in delen)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Isotopenkaart" title="Isotopenkaart">op atoommassa</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Zie ook:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_chemische_elementen" title="Lijst van chemische elementen">lijst van chemische elementen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Abundantie_(scheikunde)" title="Abundantie (scheikunde)">abundantie</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Manganese#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Manganese">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a 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