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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-License_porting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#License_porting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>License porting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-License_porting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>International use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chinese_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chinese use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applicable_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicable_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applicable works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applicable_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applicable works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applicable_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preconditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preconditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Preconditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preconditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Consequences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_licenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_licenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types of licenses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_licenses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of licenses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Four_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Four rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Six_regularly_used_licenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Six_regularly_used_licenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Six regularly used licenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Six_regularly_used_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zero,_public_domain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zero,_public_domain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Zero, public domain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zero,_public_domain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retired_licenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retired_licenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Retired licenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retired_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_4.0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_4.0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Version 4.0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_4.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rights_and_obligations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights_and_obligations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rights and obligations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rights_and_obligations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rights and obligations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rights_and_obligations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Attribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-commercial_licenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-commercial_licenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Non-commercial licenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-commercial_licenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Adaptability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legal aspects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_aspects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal aspects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dutch_tabloid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_tabloid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Dutch tabloid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_tabloid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Mobile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Mobile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Virgin Mobile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Mobile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SGAE_vs_Fernández" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SGAE_vs_Fernández"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span><i>SGAE vs Fernández</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SGAE_vs_Fernández-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GateHouse_Media,_Inc._v._That's_Great_News,_LLC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GateHouse_Media,_Inc._v._That's_Great_News,_LLC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span><i>GateHouse Media, Inc. v. That's Great News, LLC</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GateHouse_Media,_Inc._v._That's_Great_News,_LLC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drauglis_v._Kappa_Map_Group,_LLC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drauglis_v._Kappa_Map_Group,_LLC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span><i>Drauglis v. Kappa Map Group, LLC</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drauglis_v._Kappa_Map_Group,_LLC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verband_zum_Schutz_geistigen_Eigentums_im_Internet_(VGSE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verband_zum_Schutz_geistigen_Eigentums_im_Internet_(VGSE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Verband zum Schutz geistigen Eigentums im Internet (VGSE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verband_zum_Schutz_geistigen_Eigentums_im_Internet_(VGSE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_with_a_Creative_Commons_license" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_with_a_Creative_Commons_license"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Works with a Creative Commons license</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_with_a_Creative_Commons_license-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Unicode symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Case_law_database" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Case_law_database"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Case law database</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Case_law_database-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Creative Commons license</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons-lisensie" title="Creative Commons-lisensie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Creative Commons-lisensie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="رخص المشاع الإبداعي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رخص المشاع الإبداعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_lisenziyalar%C4%B1" title="Creative Commons lisenziyaları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Creative Commons lisenziyaları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ক্রিয়েটিভ কমন্স লাইসেন্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রিয়েটিভ কমন্স লাইসেন্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%B2ng-i%C5%8Dng_CC_si%C5%AB-ko%C3%A2n_ti%C3%A2u-kho%C3%A1n" title="Chhòng-iōng CC siū-koân tiâu-khoán – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhòng-iōng CC siū-koân tiâu-khoán" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96_Creative_Commons" title="Ліцэнзіі Creative Commons – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліцэнзіі Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96_%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Ліцэнзіі Творчых грамадаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ліцэнзіі Творчых грамадаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криейтив Комънс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Криейтив Комънс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_licenca" title="Creative Commons licenca – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Creative Commons licenca" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llic%C3%A8ncies_de_Creative_Commons" title="Llicències de Creative Commons – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llicències de Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative-Commons-Lizenz" title="Creative-Commons-Lizenz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Creative-Commons-Lizenz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_Creative_Commons" title="Άδεια Creative Commons – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άδεια Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licencias_Creative_Commons" title="Licencias Creative Commons – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Licencias Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permesilo_Creative_Commons" title="Permesilo Creative Commons – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Permesilo Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B2" title="اجازه‌نامه کرییتیو کامنز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اجازه‌نامه کرییتیو کامنز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licence_Creative_Commons" title="Licence Creative Commons – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Licence Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licenza_Creative_Commons" title="Licenza Creative Commons – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Licenza Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C_%EC%BB%A4%EB%A8%BC%EC%A6%88_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%84%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리에이티브 커먼즈 라이선스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasisin_Creative_Commons" title="Lasisin Creative Commons – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lasisin Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Creative Commons արտոնագրեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Creative Commons արտոնագրեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रिएटिव कॉमन्स लाइसेन्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रिएटिव कॉमन्स लाइसेन्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licenco_Creative_Commons" title="Licenco Creative Commons – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Licenco Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisensi_Creative_Commons" title="Lisensi Creative Commons – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lisensi Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licentias_Creative_Commons" title="Licentias Creative Commons – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Licentias Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons-leyfi" title="Creative Commons-leyfi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Creative Commons-leyfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licenze_Creative_Commons" title="Licenze Creative Commons – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Licenze Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_Creative_Commons" title="רישיונות Creative Commons – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רישיונות Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis%C3%A8nsi_Creative_Commons" title="Lisènsi Creative Commons – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lisènsi Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕ್ರಿಯೇಟಿವ್ ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ ಪರವಾನಗಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರಿಯೇಟಿವ್ ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ ಪರವಾನಗಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="შემოქმედებითი ნამუშევრის ლიცენზია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შემოქმედებითი ნამუშევრის ლიცენზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leseni_ya_Creative_Commons" title="Leseni ya Creative Commons – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Leseni ya Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_licencijos" title="Creative Commons licencijos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Creative Commons licencijos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ക്രിയേറ്റീവ് കോമൺസ് അനുമതിപത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രിയേറ്റീവ് കോമൺസ് അനുമതിപത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C4%8Benzja_Creative_Commons" title="Liċenzja Creative Commons – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Liċenzja Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesen_Creative_Commons" title="Lesen Creative Commons – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lesen Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ခရီရေးတစ်ဖ် ကွန်မွန်း လိုင်စင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရီရေးတစ်ဖ် ကွန်မွန်း လိုင်စင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons-licenties" title="Creative Commons-licenties – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Creative Commons-licenties" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="クリエイティブ・コモンズ・ライセンス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリエイティブ・コモンズ・ライセンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licencje_Creative_Commons" title="Licencje Creative Commons – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Licencje Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licen%C3%A7as_Creative_Commons" title="Licenças Creative Commons – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Licenças Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licen%C8%9Be_Creative_Commons" title="Licențe Creative Commons – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Licențe Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_Creative_Commons" title="Лицензии и инструменты Creative Commons – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лицензии и инструменты Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licencat_Creative_Commons" title="Licencat Creative Commons – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Licencat Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB" title="නිර්මාණශීලී පොදු බලපත්‍ර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නිර්මාණශීලී පොදු බලපත්‍ර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_licenses" title="Creative Commons licenses – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Creative Commons licenses" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="ڪريئيٽيو ڪامنز اجازت نامو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪريئيٽيو ڪامنز اجازت نامو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8E%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A4_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مۆڵەتنامەی کرێیتیڤ کۆمنز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆڵەتنامەی کرێیتیڤ کۆمنز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krijejtiv_komons_licence" title="Krijejtiv komons licence – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Krijejtiv komons licence" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_licence" title="Creative Commons licence – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Creative Commons licence" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_-lisenssi" title="Creative Commons -lisenssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Creative Commons -lisenssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons-licens" title="Creative Commons-licens – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Creative Commons-licens" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="படைப்பாக்கப் பொதுமங்களின் உரிமங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="படைப்பாக்கப் பொதுமங்களின் உரிமங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_litsenzi%C3%A4l%C3%A4re" title="Creative Commons litsenziäläre – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Creative Commons litsenziäläre" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81" title="క్రియేటివ్ కామన్స్ లైసెన్సు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్రియేటివ్ కామన్స్ లైసెన్సు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="สัญญาอนุญาตครีเอทีฟคอมมอนส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัญญาอนุญาตครีเอทีฟคอมมอนส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_lisans%C4%B1" title="Creative Commons lisansı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Creative Commons lisansı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%97_Creative_Commons" title="Ліцензії Creative Commons – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліцензії Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81" title="کریئیٹیو کامنز اجازت نامہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کریئیٹیو کامنز اجازت نامہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A5y_ph%C3%A9p_Creative_Commons" title="Giấy phép Creative Commons – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giấy phép Creative Commons" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%84%8F%E5%85%AC%E7%94%A8%E6%8E%88%E6%AC%8A%E6%A2%9D%E6%AC%BE" title="創意公用授權條款 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="創意公用授權條款" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="知识共享许可协议 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="知识共享许可协议" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q284742#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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License</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Copyright license for free use of a work</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Creative Commons licenses. For the organization that produced them, see <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/220px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/330px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/440px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption>Creative Commons logo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv/220px-seek%3D18-Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="147" data-durationhint="596" data-mwtitle="Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv/Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv/Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="216" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv/Creative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=af&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="af" label="Afrikaans ‪(af)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=az&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="az" label="azərbaycanca ‪(az)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=bn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা ‪(bn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=bs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bs" label="bosanski ‪(bs)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="el" label="Ελληνικά ‪(el)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=et&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="et" label="eesti ‪(et)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=kn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kn" label="ಕನ್ನಡ ‪(kn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=ml&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ml" label="മലയാളം ‪(ml)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=mt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mt" label="Malti ‪(mt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=si&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="si" label="සිංහල ‪(si)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=sw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sw" label="Kiswahili ‪(sw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=tt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tt" label="татарча / tatarça ‪(tt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=ur&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ur" label="اردو ‪(ur)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACreative_Commons_and_Commerce.ogv&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>A video explaining how Creative Commons licenses can be used in conjunction with commercial licensing arrangements</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>Creative Commons</b> (<b>CC</b>) <b>license</b> is one of several <a href="/wiki/Public_copyright_license" title="Public copyright license">public copyright licenses</a> that enable the free distribution of an otherwise <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyrighted</a> "work".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A CC license is used when an author wants to give other people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that the author has created. CC provides an author flexibility (for example, they might choose to allow only non-commercial uses of a given work) and protects the people who use or redistribute an author's work from concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions that are specified in the license by which the author distributes the work.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-University_of_Michigan_Library_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Michigan_Library-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several types of Creative Commons licenses. Each license differs by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution. They were initially released on December 16, 2002, by <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>, a U.S. <a href="/wiki/Non-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit">non-profit</a> corporation founded in 2001. There have also been five versions of the suite of licenses, numbered 1.0 through 4.0.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Released in November 2013, the 4.0 license suite is the most current. While the Creative Commons license was originally grounded in the American legal system, there are now several <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_jurisdiction_ports" title="Creative Commons jurisdiction ports">Creative Commons jurisdiction ports</a> which accommodate international laws.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a> approved the Creative Commons CC BY, CC BY-SA and CC0 licenses as conformant with the "<a href="/wiki/Open_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Definition">Open Definition</a>" for content and data.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Open_Definition_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Open_Definition-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vollmer-2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vollmer-2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg/220px-Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg/330px-Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg/440px-Aaron_Swartz_and_Lawrence_Lessig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a> and Lawrence Lessig at the 2002 event for the first release of the licenses</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Eldred" title="Eric Eldred">Eric Eldred</a> designed the Creative Commons License (CCL) in 2001 because they saw a need for a license between the existing modes of copyright and <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> status. Version 1.0 of the licenses was officially released on 16 December 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CCL allows inventors to keep the rights to their innovations while also allowing for some external use of the invention.<sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons_Certificate_for_Educators,_Academic_Librarians_and_GLAM_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons_Certificate_for_Educators,_Academic_Librarians_and_GLAM-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CCL emerged as a reaction to the decision in <i><a href="/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft" title="Eldred v. Ashcroft">Eldred v. Ashcroft</a></i>, in which the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> ruled constitutional provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Term_Extension_Act" title="Copyright Term Extension Act">Copyright Term Extension Act</a> that extended the copyright term of works to be the last living author's lifespan plus an additional 70 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons_Certificate_for_Educators,_Academic_Librarians_and_GLAM_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons_Certificate_for_Educators,_Academic_Librarians_and_GLAM-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="License_porting">License porting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: License porting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original non-localized Creative Commons licenses were written with the U.S. legal system in mind; therefore, the wording may be incompatible with local legislation in other <a href="/wiki/Jurisdictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurisdictions">jurisdictions</a>, rendering the licenses unenforceable there. To address this issue, Creative Commons asked its affiliates to translate the various licenses to reflect local laws in a process called "<a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_jurisdiction_ports" title="Creative Commons jurisdiction ports">porting</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 2011, Creative Commons licenses have been ported to over 50 jurisdictions worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_use">International use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_use">Chinese use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chinese use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Working with Creative Commons, the Chinese government adapted the Creative Commons License to the Chinese context, replacing the individual monetary compensation of U.S. copyright law with incentives to Chinese innovators to innovate as a social contribution.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applicable_works">Applicable works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Applicable works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv/220px-seek%3D97-Wanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="188" data-mwtitle="Wanna_Work_Together?_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Wanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Wanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv/Wanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Wanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="vorbis, theora"" data-width="426" data-height="320" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Wanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv/Wanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=my&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="my" label="မြန်မာဘာသာ ‪(my)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWanna_Work_Together%3F_with_subtitles_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/videos/wanna-work-together">Wanna Work Together?</a> animation by Creative Commons</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv/220px-seek%3D98-Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="301" data-mwtitle="Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv/Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="vorbis, theora"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv/Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv/Mayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMayer_and_Bettle_2_-_Creative_Commons.ogv&lang=mk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mk" label="македонски ‪(mk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/videos/mayer-and-bettle2">second version</a> of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/videos/mayer-and-bettle">Mayer and Bettle</a> promotional animation explaining Creative Commons with <a href="/wiki/Jamendo" title="Jamendo">Jamendo</a> as an example</figcaption></figure> <p>Work licensed under a Creative Commons license is governed by applicable copyright law.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows Creative Commons licenses to be applied to all work falling under copyright, including: books, plays, movies, music, articles, photographs, blogs, and websites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> is also governed by copyright law and CC licenses are applicable, the CC recommends against using it in software specifically due to backward-compatibility limitations with existing commonly used software licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, developers may resort to use more software-friendly <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> (FOSS) <a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">software licenses</a>. Outside the FOSS licensing use case for software there are <a href="/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons-licensed_video_games" title="Category:Creative Commons-licensed video games">several usage examples</a> to utilize CC licenses to specify a "<a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a>" license model; examples are <a href="/wiki/The_White_Chamber" title="The White Chamber">The White Chamber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mari0" title="Mari0">Mari0</a> or <a href="/wiki/Assault_Cube" class="mw-redirect" title="Assault Cube">Assault Cube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-contentlicense_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contentlicense-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the status of CC0 as the most free copyright license, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> does not recommend releasing <a href="/wiki/Public_domain_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Public domain software">software into the public domain</a> using the CC0 due to patent concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-GNU_Project_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNU_Project-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, application of a Creative Commons license may not modify the rights allowed by <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> or fair dealing or exert restrictions which violate copyright exceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Creative Commons licenses are non-exclusive and non-revocable.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Any work or copies of the work obtained under a Creative Commons license may continue to be used under that license.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When works are protected by more than one Creative Commons license, the user may choose any of them.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preconditions">Preconditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Preconditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The author, or the licensor in case the author did a contractual transfer of rights, needs to have the exclusive rights on the work. If the work has already been published under a public license, it can be uploaded by any third party, once more on another platform, by using a compatible license, and making reference and attribution to the original license (e.g. by referring to the URL of the original license).<sup id="cite_ref-Till_Kreutzer-2014_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Till_Kreutzer-2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consequences">Consequences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Consequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The license is non-exclusive, royalty-free, and unrestricted in terms of territory and duration, so it is irrevocable, unless a new license is granted by the author after the work has been significantly modified. Any use of the work that is not covered by other copyright rules triggers the public license. Upon activation of the license, the licensee must adhere to all conditions of the license, otherwise the license agreement is illegitimate, and the licensee would commit a copyright infringement. The author, or the licensor as a proxy, has the legal rights to act upon any copyright infringement. The licensee has a limited period to correct any non-compliance.<sup id="cite_ref-Till_Kreutzer-2014_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Till_Kreutzer-2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_licenses">Types of licenses <span class="anchor" id="Types_of_license"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Types of licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Creative_commons_license_spectrum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Creative_commons_license_spectrum.svg/300px-Creative_commons_license_spectrum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="485" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Creative_commons_license_spectrum.svg/450px-Creative_commons_license_spectrum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Creative_commons_license_spectrum.svg/600px-Creative_commons_license_spectrum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="796" /></a><figcaption>Creative commons license spectrum between <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/All_rights_reserved" title="All rights reserved">all rights reserved</a> (bottom). Left side indicates the use-cases allowed, right side the license components. The dark green area indicates <a href="/wiki/Free_Cultural_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Cultural Works">Free Cultural Works</a> compatible licenses, the two green areas compatibility with the <a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">Remix culture</a>.</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free-cultural-license-cc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Free-cultural-license-cc.svg/300px-Free-cultural-license-cc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Free-cultural-license-cc.svg/450px-Free-cultural-license-cc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Free-cultural-license-cc.svg/600px-Free-cultural-license-cc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption>CC license usage in 2014 (top and middle), "Free cultural works" compatible license usage 2010 to 2014 (bottom)</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four_rights">Four rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Four rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CC licenses all grant "baseline rights", such as the right to distribute the copyrighted work worldwide for non-commercial purposes and without modification.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, different versions of license prescribe different rights, as shown in this table:<sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons-2020_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-2020-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Icon</th> <th>Right</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-by_new.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Attribution"><img alt="Attribution" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cc-by_new.svg/75px-Cc-by_new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cc-by_new.svg/113px-Cc-by_new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cc-by_new.svg/150px-Cc-by_new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="80" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Attribution_(copyright)" title="Attribution (copyright)">Attribution</a> (BY) </td> <td>Licensees may copy, distribute, display, perform and make derivative works and remixes based on it only if they give the author or licensor the credits (<a href="/wiki/Attribution_(copyright)" title="Attribution (copyright)">attribution</a>) in the manner specified by these. Since version 2.0, all Creative Commons licenses require attribution to the creator and include the BY element. The letters BY are not an abbreviation, unlike the other rights. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-sa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Share-alike"><img alt="Share-alike" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cc-sa.svg/75px-Cc-sa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cc-sa.svg/113px-Cc-sa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cc-sa.svg/150px-Cc-sa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Share-alike" title="Share-alike">Share-alike</a> (SA) </td> <td>Licensees may distribute derivative works only under a license identical to ("not more restrictive than") the license that governs the original work. (See also <i><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></i>.) Without share-alike, derivative works might be sublicensed with compatible but more restrictive license clauses, e.g. CC BY to CC BY-NC. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-nc.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-commercial"><img alt="Non-commercial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cc-nc.svg/75px-Cc-nc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cc-nc.svg/113px-Cc-nc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cc-nc.svg/150px-Cc-nc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_NonCommercial_license" title="Creative Commons NonCommercial license">Non-commercial</a> (NC) </td> <td>Licensees may copy, distribute, display, perform the work and make derivative works and remixes based on it only for <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-commercial">non-commercial</a> purposes. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-nd.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-derivative"><img alt="Non-derivative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cc-nd.svg/75px-Cc-nd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cc-nd.svg/113px-Cc-nd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cc-nd.svg/150px-Cc-nd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td>No <a href="/wiki/Derivative_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Derivative works">derivative works</a> (ND) </td> <td>Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform only verbatim copies of the work, not <a href="/wiki/Derivative_work" title="Derivative work">derivative works</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">remixes</a> based on it. Since version 4.0, derivative works are allowed but must not be shared. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The last two clauses are not <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> licenses, according to definitions such as <a href="/wiki/DFSG" class="mw-redirect" title="DFSG">DFSG</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>'s standards, and cannot be used in contexts that require these freedoms, such as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>. For <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>, Creative Commons includes three free licenses created by other institutions: the <a href="/wiki/BSD_License" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD License">BSD License</a>, the GNU <a href="/wiki/LGPL" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL">LGPL</a>, and the GNU <a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GNU_LGPL_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNU_LGPL-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mixing and matching these conditions produces sixteen possible combinations, of which eleven are valid Creative Commons licenses and five are not. Of the five invalid combinations, four include both the "ND" and "SA" clauses, which are mutually exclusive; and one includes none of the clauses. Of the eleven valid combinations, the five that lack the "BY" clause have been retired because 98% of licensors requested attribution, though they do remain available for reference on the website.<sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons-3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Creativecommons.org-2004_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creativecommons.org-2004-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons-2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This leaves six regularly used licenses plus the CC0 <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> declaration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Six_regularly_used_licenses">Six regularly used licenses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Six regularly used licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Six_regularly_used_licenses"></span> The six licenses in most frequent use are shown in the following table. Among them, those accepted by the Wikimedia Foundation – the public domain dedication and two attribution (BY and BY-SA) licenses – allow the sharing and remixing (creating <a href="/wiki/Derivative_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Derivative works">derivative works</a>), including for commercial use, so long as attribution is given.<sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons-2_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:20em">License name </th> <th scope="col">Abbreviation </th> <th scope="col">Icon </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Attribution_(copyright)" title="Attribution (copyright)">Attribution</a> required </th> <th scope="col">Allows <a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">remix culture</a> </th> <th scope="col">Allows commercial use </th> <th scope="col">Allows <a href="/wiki/Free_Cultural_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Cultural Works">Free Cultural Works</a> </th> <th scope="col">Meets the <a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">OKF</a> '<a href="/wiki/Open_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Definition">Open Definition</a>' </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Attribution </th> <td>CC <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="BY"></span><span class="vanchor-text">BY</span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/88px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/132px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/176px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Attribution-ShareAlike </th> <td>CC <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="BY-SA"></span><span class="vanchor-text">BY-SA</span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY-SA_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-SA icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/88px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/132px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/176px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Attribution-NonCommercial </th> <td>CC <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="BY-NC"></span><span class="vanchor-text">BY-NC</span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nc_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-by-NC icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike </th> <td>CC <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="BY-NC-SA"></span><span class="vanchor-text">BY-NC-SA</span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-NC-SA icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/88px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/132px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/176px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Attribution-NoDerivatives </th> <td>CC <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="BY-ND"></span><span class="vanchor-text">BY-ND</span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nd_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-ND icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives </th> <td>CC <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="BY-NC-ND"></span><span class="vanchor-text">BY-NC-ND</span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-NC-ND icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span></td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zero,_public_domain"><span id="Zero.2C_public_domain"></span>Zero, public domain <span class="anchor" id="CC0"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Zero, public domain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"CC0" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/CCO_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="CCO (disambiguation)">CCO (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:20em">Tool name </th> <th scope="col">Abbreviation </th> <th scope="col">Icon </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Attribution_(copyright)" title="Attribution (copyright)">Attribution</a> required </th> <th scope="col">Allows <a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">remix culture</a> </th> <th scope="col">Allows commercial use </th> <th scope="col">Allows <a href="/wiki/Free_Cultural_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Cultural Works">Free Cultural Works</a> </th> <th scope="col">Meets the <a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">OKF</a> '<a href="/wiki/Open_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Definition">Open Definition</a>' </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">"No Rights Reserved" </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="CC0"></span><span class="vanchor-text">CC0</span></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC0_button.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC0 icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/88px-CC0_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/132px-CC0_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/176px-CC0_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-zero.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cc-zero.svg/150px-Cc-zero.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cc-zero.svg/225px-Cc-zero.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cc-zero.svg/300px-Cc-zero.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption>CC zero public domain dedication tool logo<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-public_domain_mark_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cc-public_domain_mark_white.svg/150px-Cc-public_domain_mark_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cc-public_domain_mark_white.svg/225px-Cc-public_domain_mark_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cc-public_domain_mark_white.svg/300px-Cc-public_domain_mark_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption>Creative Commons <a href="/wiki/Public_Domain_Mark" title="Public Domain Mark">Public Domain Mark</a>. Indicates works which have already fallen into (or were given to) the public domain.</figcaption></figure> <p>Besides copyright licenses, Creative Commons also offers <b>CC0</b>, a tool for relinquishing copyright and releasing material into the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CC0 is a legal tool for <a href="/wiki/Waiver" title="Waiver">waiving</a> as many rights as legally possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreutzer_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreutzer-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Or, when not legally possible, CC0 acts as fallback as <a href="/wiki/Public_domain_equivalent_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Public domain equivalent license">public domain equivalent license</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreutzer_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kreutzer-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of CC0 began in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was released in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major target of the license was the scientific data community.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Allan_Webber_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Allan_Webber-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Creative Commons announced its <a href="/wiki/Public_Domain_Mark" title="Public Domain Mark">Public Domain Mark</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tool for labeling works already in the public domain. Together, CC0 and the Public Domain Mark replace the Public Domain Dedication and Certification,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which took a U.S.-centric approach and co-mingled distinct operations. </p><p>In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> added CC0 to its <a href="/wiki/List_of_FSF_approved_software_licenses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of FSF approved software licenses">free software licenses</a>. However, the Free Software Foundation currently does not recommend using CC0 to release <a href="/wiki/Public_domain_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Public domain software">software into the public domain</a> because it explicitly does not grant a patent license.<sup id="cite_ref-GNU_Project_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNU_Project-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2012, CC0 was submitted to <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a> (OSI) for their approval.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, controversy arose over its clause which excluded from the scope of the license any relevant patents held by the copyright holder. This clause was added for scientific data rather than software, but some members of the OSI believed it could weaken users' defenses against <a href="/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">software patents</a>. As a result, Creative Commons withdrew their submission, and the license is not currently approved by the OSI.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Allan_Webber_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Allan_Webber-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2013 to 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">stock photography</a> website <a href="/wiki/Unsplash" title="Unsplash">Unsplash</a> used the CC0 license,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distributing several million free photos a month.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a>, the founder of Creative Commons, has contributed to the site.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unsplash moved from using the CC0 license to a custom license in June 2017<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to an explicitly <a href="/wiki/Nonfree_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonfree software">nonfree</a> license in January 2018. </p><p>In October 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a> approved the Creative Commons CC0 as conformant with the <a href="/wiki/Open_Definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Definition">Open Definition</a> and recommend the license to dedicate content to the public domain.<sup id="cite_ref-Open_Definition_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Open_Definition-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vollmer-2013_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vollmer-2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2022 <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Linux</a> disallowed software licensed under CC0 due to patent rights explicitly not being waived under the license.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retired_licenses">Retired licenses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Retired licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to either disuse or criticism, a number of previously offered Creative Commons licenses have since been retired,<sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons-3_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are no longer recommended for new works. The retired licenses include all licenses lacking the Attribution element other than CC0, as well as the following four licenses: </p> <ul><li><b>Developing Nations License</b>: a license which only applies to <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a> deemed to be "non-high-income economies" by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. Full copyright restrictions apply to people in other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Sampling</b>: parts of the work can be used for any purpose other than advertising, but the whole work cannot be copied or modified<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Sampling Plus</b>: parts of the work can be copied and modified for any purpose other than advertising, and the entire work can be copied for noncommercial purposes<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>NonCommercial Sampling Plus</b>: the whole work or parts of the work can be copied and modified for non-commercial purposes<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Version_4.0"><span class="anchor" id="Version_4.0"></span> Version 4.0</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Version 4.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_jurisdiction_ports" title="Creative Commons jurisdiction ports">Creative Commons jurisdiction ports</a></div> <p>The latest version 4.0 of the Creative Commons licenses, released on November 25, 2013, are generic licenses that are applicable to most jurisdictions and do not usually require ports.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons-2020_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-2020-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No new ports have been implemented in version 4.0 of the license.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Version 4.0 discourages using ported versions and instead acts as a single global license.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rights_and_obligations">Rights and obligations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rights and obligations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attribution">Attribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Attribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2004, all current licenses other than the CC0 variant require attribution of the original author, as signified by the BY component (as in the preposition "by").<sup id="cite_ref-Creativecommons.org-2004_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creativecommons.org-2004-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attribution must be given to "the best of [one's] ability using the information available".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Creative Commons suggests the mnemonic "TASL": <i>title</i> – <i>author – source</i> [web link] – [CC] <i>licence</i>.<br /> Generally this implies the following: </p> <ul><li><b>Include any copyright notices (if applicable)</b>. If the work itself contains any copyright notices placed there by the copyright holder, those notices must be left intact, or reproduced in a way that is reasonable to the medium in which the work is being re-published.</li> <li><b>Cite the author's name, screen name, or user ID</b>, etc. If the work is being published on the Internet, it is nice to link that name to the person's profile page, if such a page exists.</li> <li><b>Cite the work's title or name (if applicable)</b>, if such a thing exists. If the work is being published on the Internet, it is nice to link the name or title directly to the original work.</li> <li><b>Cite the specific CC license the work is under</b>. If the work is being published on the Internet, it is nice if the license citation links to the license on the CC website.</li> <li><b>Mention if the work is a derivative work or adaptation</b>. In addition to the above, one needs to identify that their work is a derivative work, e.g., "This is a Finnish translation of [original work] by [author]." or "Screenplay based on [original work] by [author]."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-commercial_licenses">Non-commercial licenses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Non-commercial licenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_NonCommercial_license" title="Creative Commons NonCommercial license">Creative Commons NonCommercial license</a></div> <p>The NonCommercial license allows image creators to restrict selling and profiting from their works by other parties and thus maintaining free of charge access to images. </p><p>The "non-commercial" option included in some Creative Commons licenses is controversial in definition,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it is sometimes unclear what can be considered a non-commercial setting, and application, since its restrictions differ from the principles of <a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">open content</a> promoted by other <a href="/wiki/Permissive_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Permissive license">permissive licenses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014 <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Deutschland" title="Wikimedia Deutschland">Wikimedia Deutschland</a> published a guide to using Creative Commons licenses as <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Open_Content_-_A_Practical_Guide_to_Using_Creative_Commons_Licences" class="extiw" title="m:Open Content - A Practical Guide to Using Creative Commons Licences">wiki pages</a> for translations and as PDF.<sup id="cite_ref-Till_Kreutzer-2014_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Till_Kreutzer-2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptability">Adaptability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Adaptability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Derivative_of_medical_imaging.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Derivative_of_medical_imaging.jpg/220px-Derivative_of_medical_imaging.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Derivative_of_medical_imaging.jpg/330px-Derivative_of_medical_imaging.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Derivative_of_medical_imaging.jpg/440px-Derivative_of_medical_imaging.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2333" data-file-height="1994" /></a><figcaption>An example of a permitted combination of two works, one being CC BY-SA and the other being public domain</figcaption></figure> <p>Rights in an adaptation can be expressed by a CC license that is compatible with the status or licensing of the original work or works on which the adaptation is based.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/License_compatibility" title="License compatibility">License compatibility</a> chart for combining or mixing two CC licensed works<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="height: 90px;"> <th> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Public Domain mark icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg/88px-Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg/132px-Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg/176px-Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC0_button.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC0 icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/88px-CC0_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/132px-CC0_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/176px-CC0_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/88px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/132px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/176px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY-SA_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-SA icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/88px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/132px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/176px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nc_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-by-NC icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-NC-SA icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/88px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/132px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/176px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span> </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nd_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-ND icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-NC-ND icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height: 90px;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Public Domain mark icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg/88px-Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg/132px-Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg/176px-Public_Domain_Mark_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC0_button.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC0 icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/88px-CC0_button.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/132px-CC0_button.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/CC0_button.svg/176px-CC0_button.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> </th> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height: 90px;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/88px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/132px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/176px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> </th> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height: 90px;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY-SA_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-SA icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/88px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/132px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/176px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> </th> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height: 90px;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nc_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-by-NC icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cc_by-nc_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nc_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-NC-SA icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/88px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/132px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg/176px-Cc-by-nc-sa_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span> </th> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-yes2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yes"><img alt="Yes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/13px-Check-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/20px-Check-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Check-green.svg/26px-Check-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height: 90px;"> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nd_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-ND icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cc_by-nd_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nd_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CC-BY-NC-ND icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/88px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/132px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg/176px-Cc_by-nc-nd_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="42" /></a></span> </th> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="No"><img alt="No" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/13px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/20px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dark_Red_x.svg/26px-Dark_Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_aspects">Legal aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Legal aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legal implications of large numbers of works having Creative Commons licensing are difficult to predict, and there is speculation that media creators often lack insight to be able to choose the license which best meets their intent in applying it.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some works licensed using Creative Commons licenses have been involved in several court cases.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Creative Commons itself was not a party to any of these cases; they only involved licensors or licensees of Creative Commons licenses. When the cases went as far as decisions by judges (that is, they were not dismissed for lack of jurisdiction or were not settled privately out of court), they have all validated the legal robustness of Creative Commons public licenses. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Public_information_licence" title="Public information licence">Public information licence</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_tabloid">Dutch tabloid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Dutch tabloid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 2006, podcaster <a href="/wiki/Adam_Curry" title="Adam Curry">Adam Curry</a> sued a Dutch tabloid who published photos from Curry's Flickr page without Curry's permission. The photos were licensed under the Creative Commons Non-Commercial license. While the verdict was in favor of Curry, the tabloid avoided having to pay restitution to him as long as they did not repeat the offense. Professor Bernt Hugenholtz, main creator of the Dutch CC license and director of the Institute for Information Law of the University of Amsterdam, commented, "The Dutch Court's decision is especially noteworthy because it confirms that the conditions of a Creative Commons license automatically apply to the content licensed under it, and binds users of such content even without expressly agreeing to, or having knowledge of, the conditions of the license."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Mobile">Virgin Mobile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Virgin Mobile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mobile Australia">Virgin Mobile Australia</a> launched an advertising campaign promoting their cellphone text messaging service using the work of amateur photographers who uploaded their work to <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a> using a Creative Commons-BY (Attribution) license. Users licensing their images this way freed their work for use by any other entity, as long as the original creator was attributed credit, without any other compensation required. Virgin upheld this single restriction by printing a URL leading to the photographer's Flickr page on each of their ads. However, one picture, depicting 15-year-old Alison Chang at a fund-raising carwash for her church,<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> caused some controversy when she sued Virgin Mobile. The photo was taken by Alison's church youth counselor, Justin Ho-Wee Wong, who uploaded the image to Flickr under the Creative Commons license.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the case (concerning <a href="/wiki/Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">personality rights</a> rather than copyright as such) was thrown out of a Texas court for lack of jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SGAE_vs_Fernández"><span id="SGAE_vs_Fern.C3.A1ndez"></span><i>SGAE vs Fernández</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: SGAE vs Fernández"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the fall of 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Collecting_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Collecting society">collecting society</a> <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Sociedad General de Autores y Editores</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Sociedad_General_de_Autores_y_Editores" title="Sociedad General de Autores y Editores">SGAE</a>) in Spain sued Ricardo Andrés Utrera Fernández, owner of a disco bar located in <a href="/wiki/Badajoz" title="Badajoz">Badajoz</a> who played CC-licensed music. SGAE argued that Fernández should pay royalties for public performance of the music between November 2002 and August 2005. The Lower Court rejected the collecting society's claims because the owner of the bar proved that the music he was using was not managed by the society.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2006, the Cultural Association Ladinamo (based in Madrid, and represented by <a href="/wiki/Javier_de_la_Cueva" title="Javier de la Cueva">Javier de la Cueva</a>) was granted the use of copyleft music in their public activities. The sentence said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Admitting the existence of music equipment, a joint evaluation of the evidence practiced, this court is convinced that the defendant prevents communication of works whose management is entrusted to the plaintiff [SGAE], using a repertoire of authors who have not assigned the exploitation of their rights to the SGAE, having at its disposal a database for that purpose and so it is manifested both by the legal representative of the Association and by Manuela Villa Acosta, in charge of the cultural programming of the association, which is compatible with the alternative character of the Association and its integration in the movement called '<a href="/wiki/Copy_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Copy left">copy left</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GateHouse_Media,_Inc._v._That's_Great_News,_LLC"><span id="GateHouse_Media.2C_Inc._v._That.27s_Great_News.2C_LLC"></span><i>GateHouse Media, Inc. v. That's Great News, LLC</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: GateHouse Media, Inc. v. That's Great News, LLC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 30, 2010, <a href="/wiki/GateHouse_Media" title="GateHouse Media">GateHouse Media</a> filed a lawsuit against That is Great News. GateHouse Media owns a number of local newspapers, including <i><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Register_Star" title="Rockford Register Star">Rockford Register Star</a></i>, which is based in Rockford, Illinois. That is Great News makes plaques out of newspaper articles and sells them to the people featured in the articles.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Copyright_Lawsuit_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Copyright_Lawsuit-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GateHouse sued That is Great News for copyright infringement and breach of contract. GateHouse claimed that TGN violated the non-commercial and no-derivative works restrictions on GateHouse Creative Commons licensed work when TGN published the material on its website. The case was settled on August 17, 2010, though the settlement was not made public.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Copyright_Lawsuit_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Copyright_Lawsuit-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drauglis_v._Kappa_Map_Group,_LLC"><span id="Drauglis_v._Kappa_Map_Group.2C_LLC"></span><i>Drauglis v. Kappa Map Group, LLC</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Drauglis v. Kappa Map Group, LLC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, photographer Art Drauglis uploaded several pictures to the photo-sharing website Flickr, giving them the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License (CC BY-SA). One photo, titled "Swain's Lock, Montgomery Co., MD.", was downloaded by Kappa Map Group, a map-making company, and published in 2012 on the front cover of <i>Montgomery Co. Maryland Street Atlas</i>. The text "Photo: Swain's Lock, Montgomery Co., MD Photographer: Carly Lesser & Art Drauglis, Creative Commoms  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>], CC-BY-SA-2.0" was placed on the back cover, but nothing on the front indicated authorship. </p><p>The validity of the CC BY-SA 2.0 as a license was not in dispute. The CC BY-SA 2.0 requires that the licensee to use nothing less restrictive than the CC BY-SA 2.0 terms. The atlas was sold commercially and not for free reuse by others. The dispute was whether Drauglis' license terms that would apply to "derivative works" applied to the entire atlas. Drauglis sued the defendants in June 2014 for copyright infringement and license breach, seeking declaratory and injunctive relief, damages, fees, and costs. Drauglis asserted, among other things, that Kappa Map Group "exceeded the scope of the License because defendant did not publish the Atlas under a license with the same or similar terms as those under which the Photograph was originally licensed."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judge dismissed the case on that count, ruling that the atlas was not a <a href="/wiki/Derivative_work" title="Derivative work">derivative work</a> of the photograph in the sense of the license, but rather a <a href="/wiki/Collective_work" title="Collective work">collective work</a>. Since the atlas was not a derivative work of the photograph, Kappa Map Group did not need to license the entire atlas under the CC BY-SA 2.0 license. The judge also determined that the work had been properly attributed.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In particular, the judge determined that it was sufficient to credit the author of the photo as prominently as authors of similar authorship (such as the authors of individual maps contained in the book) and that the name "CC-BY-SA-2.0" is sufficiently precise to locate the correct license on the internet and can be considered a valid identifier for the license.<sup id="cite_ref-University_of_Michigan_Library_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-University_of_Michigan_Library-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verband_zum_Schutz_geistigen_Eigentums_im_Internet_(VGSE)"><span id="Verband_zum_Schutz_geistigen_Eigentums_im_Internet_.28VGSE.29"></span>Verband zum Schutz geistigen Eigentums im Internet (VGSE)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Verband zum Schutz geistigen Eigentums im Internet (VGSE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2016, German computer magazine <i><a href="/wiki/LinuxUser" title="LinuxUser">LinuxUser</a></i> reported that a German blogger Christoph Langner used two <span class="nowrap">CC BY</span>-licensed photographs from Berlin photographer Dennis Skley on his private blog Linuxundich. Langner duly mentioned the author and the license and added a link to the original. Langner was later contacted by the <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Verband zum Schutz geistigen Eigentums im Internet</span></span> (VGSE) (Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Internet) with a demand for €2300 for failing to provide the full name of the work, the full name of the author, the license text, and a source link, as is required by the fine print in the license. Of this sum, €40 goes to the photographer, and the remainder is retained by VGSE.<sup id="cite_ref-Luther-2016_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luther-2016-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Feil_Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft-2014_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feil_Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft-2014-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Higher Regional Court of Cologne dismissed the claim in May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_with_a_Creative_Commons_license">Works with a Creative Commons license</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Works with a Creative Commons license"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_major_Creative_Commons_licensed_works" title="List of major Creative Commons licensed works">List of major Creative Commons licensed works</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons-licensed_works" title="Category:Creative Commons-licensed works">Category:Creative Commons-licensed works</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stateofthecommons2017-o.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Stateofthecommons2017-o.svg/220px-Stateofthecommons2017-o.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Stateofthecommons2017-o.svg/330px-Stateofthecommons2017-o.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Stateofthecommons2017-o.svg/440px-Stateofthecommons2017-o.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>Number of Creative Commons licensed works as of 2017, per <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stateof.creativecommons.org/">State of the Commons</a></i> report</figcaption></figure> <p>Creative Commons maintains a content directory <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> of organizations and projects using Creative Commons licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On its website CC also provides case studies of projects using CC licenses across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CC licensed content can also be accessed through a number of <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons-licensed_content_directories" title="Creative Commons-licensed content directories">content directories</a> and search engines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode_symbols">Unicode symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Unicode symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)"><img alt="<?>" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/40px-Replacement_character.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/60px-Replacement_character.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/80px-Replacement_character.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">You may need <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a> to display the uncommon <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters in this section correctly.</div></div> </div> <p>After being proposed by Creative Commons in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Creative Commons license symbols were added to <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> with version 13.0 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The circle with an equal sign (meaning <i>no derivatives</i>) is present in older versions of Unicode, unlike all the other symbols. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Unicode </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">Decimal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Displayed </th></tr> <tr> <td>Circled equals <p>meaning <i>no derivatives</i> </p> </td> <td>U+229C </td> <td>&#8860; </td> <td>E2 8A 9C </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-nd.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cc-nd.svg/26px-Cc-nd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cc-nd.svg/39px-Cc-nd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cc-nd.svg/52px-Cc-nd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size:24pt;">⊜ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circled zero with slash <p>meaning <i>no rights reserved</i> </p> </td> <td>U+1F10D </td> <td>&#127245; </td> <td>F0 9F 84 8D </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-zero.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cc-zero.svg/26px-Cc-zero.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cc-zero.svg/39px-Cc-zero.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cc-zero.svg/52px-Cc-zero.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size:24pt;">🄍 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circled anticlockwise arrow <p>meaning <i><a href="/wiki/Share_alike" class="mw-redirect" title="Share alike">share alike</a></i> </p> </td> <td>U+1F10E </td> <td>&#127246; </td> <td>F0 9F 84 8E </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-sa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cc-sa.svg/26px-Cc-sa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cc-sa.svg/39px-Cc-sa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cc-sa.svg/52px-Cc-sa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size:24pt;">🄎 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circled dollar sign with overlaid backslash <p>meaning <i>non-commercial</i> </p> </td> <td>U+1F10F </td> <td>&#127247; </td> <td>F0 9F 84 8F </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-nc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cc-nc.svg/26px-Cc-nc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cc-nc.svg/39px-Cc-nc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cc-nc.svg/52px-Cc-nc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size:24pt;">🄏 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circled CC <p>meaning <i>Creative Commons license</i> </p> </td> <td>U+1F16D </td> <td>&#127341; </td> <td>F0 9F 85 AD </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/26px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/39px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/52px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size:24pt;">🅭 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circled C with overlaid backslash <p>meaning <i><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a></i> </p> </td> <td>U+1F16E </td> <td>&#127342; </td> <td>F0 9F 85 AE </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-public_domain_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cc-public_domain_mark.svg/26px-Cc-public_domain_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cc-public_domain_mark.svg/39px-Cc-public_domain_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cc-public_domain_mark.svg/52px-Cc-public_domain_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size:24pt;">🅮 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circled human figure <p>meaning <i>attribution, credit</i> </p> </td> <td>U+1F16F </td> <td>&#127343; </td> <td>F0 9F 85 AF </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc-by_new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cc-by_new.svg/26px-Cc-by_new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cc-by_new.svg/39px-Cc-by_new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cc-by_new.svg/52px-Cc-by_new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="80" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size:24pt;">🅯 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These symbols can be used in succession to indicate a particular Creative Commons license, for example, <i>CC-BY-SA</i> (CC-Attribution-ShareAlike) can be expressed with Unicode symbols <code>CIRCLED CC</code>, <code>CIRCLED HUMAN FIGURE</code> and <code>CIRCLED ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW</code> placed next to each other: 🅭🅯🄎 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Case_law_database">Case law database</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Case law database"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December<span class="nowrap"> </span>2020, the Creative Commons organization launched an online database covering licensing case law and legal scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-Salazar-2020_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salazar-2020-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Creative_Commons-4_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creative_Commons-4-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_music" title="Free music">Free music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_educational_station" title="Non-commercial educational station">Non-commercial educational station</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A "work" is any creative material made by a person. A painting, a graphic, a book, a song and its lyrics, or a photograph of almost anything are all examples of "works".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShergill2017" class="citation web cs1">Shergill, Sanjeet (May 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111219/https://www.openeducationeuropa.eu/en/blogs/teachers-guide-creative-commons-licenses">"The teacher's guide to Creative Commons licenses"</a>. <i>Open Education Europa</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openeducationeuropa.eu/en/blogs/teachers-guide-creative-commons-licenses">the original</a> on June 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Education+Europa&rft.atitle=The+teacher%27s+guide+to+Creative+Commons+licenses&rft.date=2017-05-06&rft.aulast=Shergill&rft.aufirst=Sanjeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openeducationeuropa.eu%2Fen%2Fblogs%2Fteachers-guide-creative-commons-licenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wur.nl/en/article/What-are-Creative-Commons-licenses.htm">"What are Creative Commons licenses?"</a>. <i>Wageningen University & Research</i>. June 16, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315133811/https://www.wur.nl/en/article/What-are-Creative-Commons-licenses.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Michigan+Library&rft.atitle=Creative+Commons+licenses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguides.lib.umich.edu%2Fcreativecommons%2Flicenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_464806_en.pdf">"Creative Commons licenses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>University of Glasgow</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315133739/https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_464806_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Glasgow&rft.atitle=Creative+Commons+licenses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gla.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2Fmedia_464806_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/open-access/creative-commons-licenses">"The Creative Commons licenses"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315134320/https://en.unesco.org/open-access/creative-commons-licenses">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=The+Creative+Commons+licenses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fopen-access%2Fcreative-commons-licenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/License_Versions">"License Versions"</a>. <i>Creative Commons Wiki</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630063933/https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/License_Versions">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Commons+Wiki&rft.atitle=License+Versions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2Fwiki%2FLicense_Versions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lib.umn.edu/services/copyright/creative-commons">"Creative Commons | University of Minnesota Libraries"</a>. <i>www.lib.umn.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Copyright+Alliance&rft.atitle=What+Is+a+Creative+Commons+License%3F&rft.date=2016-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcopyrightalliance.org%2Ffaqs%2Fwhat-is-creative-commons-license%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170127074917/http://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/en/">"Open Definition 2.1"</a>. <i>Open Definition</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Definition&rft.atitle=Open+Definition+2.1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopendefinition.org%2Fod%2F2.1%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Open_Definition-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Open_Definition_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Open_Definition_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendefinition.org/licenses/">"Conformant Licenses"</a>. <i>Open Definition</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160301222106/http://opendefinition.org/licenses/">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Definition&rft.atitle=Conformant+Licenses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopendefinition.org%2Flicenses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vollmer-2013-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vollmer-2013_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vollmer-2013_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVollmer2013" class="citation web cs1">Vollmer, Timothy (December 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102501/https://blog.creativecommons.org/2013/12/27/creative-commons-4-0-by-and-by-sa-licenses-approved-conformant-with-the-open-definition/">"Creative Commons 4.0 BY and BY-SA licenses approved conformant with the Open Definition"</a>. <i>Creative Commons</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/2013/12/27/creative-commons-4-0-by-and-by-sa-licenses-approved-conformant-with-the-open-definition/">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=Creative+Commons+4.0+BY+and+BY-SA+licenses+approved+conformant+with+the+Open+Definition&rft.date=2013-12-27&rft.aulast=Vollmer&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2F2013%2F12%2F27%2Fcreative-commons-4-0-by-and-by-sa-licenses-approved-conformant-with-the-open-definition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021222175127/http://www.creativecommons.org/press-releases/entry/3476">"Creative Commons Unveils Machine-Readable Copyright Licenses"</a>. <i>Creative Commons</i>. December 16, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativecommons.org/press-releases/entry/3476">the original</a> on December 22, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=Creative+Commons+Unveils+Machine-Readable+Copyright+Licenses&rft.date=2002-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creativecommons.org%2Fpress-releases%2Fentry%2F3476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creative_Commons_Certificate_for_Educators,_Academic_Librarians_and_GLAM-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Creative_Commons_Certificate_for_Educators,_Academic_Librarians_and_GLAM_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Creative_Commons_Certificate_for_Educators,_Academic_Librarians_and_GLAM_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://certificates.creativecommons.org/cccertedu/chapter/1-1-the-story-of-creative-commons/">"1.1 The Story of Creative Commons"</a>. <i>Creative Commons Certificate for Educators, Academic Librarians and GLAM</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408214258/https://certificates.creativecommons.org/cccertedu/chapter/1-1-the-story-of-creative-commons/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Commons+Certificate+for+Educators%2C+Academic+Librarians+and+GLAM&rft.atitle=1.1+The+Story+of+Creative+Commons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcertificates.creativecommons.org%2Fcccertedu%2Fchapter%2F1-1-the-story-of-creative-commons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2014" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Laura J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/844373100"><i>Putting intellectual property in its place : rights discourses, creative labor, and the everyday</i></a>. S. Tina Piper, Kirsty Robertson. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-933626-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-933626-5"><bdi>978-0-19-933626-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/844373100">844373100</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241005164356/https://search.worldcat.org/title/844373100">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Putting+intellectual+property+in+its+place+%3A+rights+discourses%2C+creative+labor%2C+and+the+everyday&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F844373100&rft.isbn=978-0-19-933626-5&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Laura+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F844373100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Worldwide". Creative Commons. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeng2009" class="citation journal cs1">Meng, Bingchun (January 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/441">"Articulating a Chinese Commons: An Explorative Study of Creative Commons in China"</a>. <i>International Journal of Communication</i>. <b>3</b>: 16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-8036">1932-8036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=Articulating+a+Chinese+Commons%3A+An+Explorative+Study+of+Creative+Commons+in+China&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2009-01-26&rft.issn=1932-8036&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=Bingchun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fijoc.org%2Findex.php%2Fijoc%2Farticle%2Fview%2F441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/au/legalcode">"Creative Commons Legal Code"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>. January 9, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211175916/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/au/legalcode">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creative+Commons+Legal+Code&rft.pub=Creative+Commons&rft.date=2008-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2Flicenses%2Fby%2F2.5%2Fau%2Flegalcode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ#Can_I_use_a_Creative_Commons_license_for_software.3F">"Creative Commons FAQ: Can I use a Creative Commons license for software?"</a>. Wiki.creativecommons.org. July 29, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127205528/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ#Can_I_use_a_Creative_Commons_license_for_software.3F">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creative+Commons+FAQ%3A+Can+I+use+a+Creative+Commons+license+for+software%3F&rft.pub=Wiki.creativecommons.org&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2FFAQ%23Can_I_use_a_Creative_Commons_license_for_software.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://choosealicense.com/non-software/">"Non-Software Licenses"</a>. <i>Choose a License</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102152501/https://choosealicense.com/non-software/">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Choose+a+License&rft.atitle=Non-Software+Licenses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchoosealicense.com%2Fnon-software%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-contentlicense-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-contentlicense_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assault.cubers.net/docs/license.html#entirepackage">"AssaultCube – License"</a>. <i>assault.cubers.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225031357/http://assault.cubers.net/docs/license.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2011</span>. <q><i>AssaultCube is FREEWARE. [...] The content, code and images of the AssaultCube website and all documentation are licensed under "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=assault.cubers.net&rft.atitle=AssaultCube+%E2%80%93+License&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassault.cubers.net%2Fdocs%2Flicense.html%23entirepackage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GNU_Project-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GNU_Project_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GNU_Project_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#CC0">"Various Licenses and Comments about Them"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU Project</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724023833/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Various+Licenses+and+Comments+about+Them&rft.pub=GNU+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Flicenses%2Flicense-list.html%23CC0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions#Do_Creative_Commons_licenses_affect_exceptions_and_limitations_to_copyright.2C_such_as_fair_dealing_and_fair_use.3F">"Do Creative Commons licenses affect exceptions and limitations to copyright, such as fair dealing and fair use?"</a>. <i>Frequently Asked Questions – Creative Commons</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150808182345/https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions#Do_Creative_Commons_licenses_affect_exceptions_and_limitations_to_copyright.2C_such_as_fair_dealing_and_fair_use.3F">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%E2%80%93+Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=Do+Creative+Commons+licenses+affect+exceptions+and+limitations+to+copyright%2C+such+as+fair+dealing+and+fair+use%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2Fwiki%2FFrequently_Asked_Questions%23Do_Creative_Commons_licenses_affect_exceptions_and_limitations_to_copyright.2C_such_as_fair_dealing_and_fair_use.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_if_I_change_my_mind_about_using_a_CC_license.3F">"What if I change my mind about using a CC license?"</a>. <i>Frequently Asked Questions – Creative Commons</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150808182345/https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_if_I_change_my_mind_about_using_a_CC_license.3F">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%E2%80%93+Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=What+if+I+change+my+mind+about+using+a+CC+license%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2Fwiki%2FFrequently_Asked_Questions%23What_if_I_change_my_mind_about_using_a_CC_license.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_happens_if_the_author_decides_to_revoke_the_CC_license_to_material_I_am_using.3F">"What happens if the author decides to revoke the CC license to material I am using?"</a>. <i>Frequently Asked Questions – Creative Commons</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150808182345/https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_happens_if_the_author_decides_to_revoke_the_CC_license_to_material_I_am_using.3F">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%E2%80%93+Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=What+happens+if+the+author+decides+to+revoke+the+CC+license+to+material+I+am+using%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2Fwiki%2FFrequently_Asked_Questions%23What_happens_if_the_author_decides_to_revoke_the_CC_license_to_material_I_am_using.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_CC_licenses_operate.3F">"How do CC licenses operate?"</a>. <i>Frequently Asked Questions – Creative Commons</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150808182345/https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_do_CC_licenses_operate.3F">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%E2%80%93+Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=How+do+CC+licenses+operate%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2Fwiki%2FFrequently_Asked_Questions%23How_do_CC_licenses_operate.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Till_Kreutzer-2014-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Till_Kreutzer-2014_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Till_Kreutzer-2014_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Till_Kreutzer-2014_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTill_Kreutzer2014" class="citation book cs1">Till Kreutzer (2014). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Content_A_Practical_Guide_to_Using_Creative_Commons_Licences_web.pdf"><i>Open Content – A Practical Guide to Using Creative Commons Licenses</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikimedia_chapters" title="List of Wikimedia chapters">Wikimedia Deutschland</a> e.a. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-940785-57-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-940785-57-2"><bdi>978-3-940785-57-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404014103/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Content_A_Practical_Guide_to_Using_Creative_Commons_Licences_web.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CC+4.0%2C+an+end+to+porting+Creative+Commons+licences%3F&rft.pub=TechnoLlama&rft.date=2011-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.technollama.co.uk%2Fcc-4-0-an-end-to-porting-creative-commons-licenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC_Affiliate_Network#The_Licensing_Suite">"CC Affiliate Network"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709065022/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC_Affiliate_Network#The_Licensing_Suite">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CC+Affiliate+Network&rft.pub=Creative+Commons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2FCC_Affiliate_Network%23The_Licensing_Suite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_if_CC_licenses_have_not_been_ported_to_my_jurisdiction.3F">"Frequently Asked Questions: What if CC licenses have not been ported to my jurisdiction?"</a>. <i>Creative Commons</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131127113420/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#What_if_CC_licenses_have_not_been_ported_to_my_jurisdiction.3F">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions%3A+What+if+CC+licenses+have+not+been+ported+to+my+jurisdiction%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2FFrequently_Asked_Questions%23What_if_CC_licenses_have_not_been_ported_to_my_jurisdiction.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FFAQ#How_do_I_properly_attribute_a_Creative_Commons_licensed_work.3F">"Frequently Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>. February 2, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100226070130/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FFAQ#How_do_I_properly_attribute_a_Creative_Commons_licensed_work.3F">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Creative+Commons&rft.date=2010-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2FFFAQ%23How_do_I_properly_attribute_a_Creative_Commons_licensed_work.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/17127">"Defining Noncommercial report published"</a>. Creativecommons.org. September 14, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060638/http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/17127">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defining+Noncommercial+report+published&rft.pub=Creativecommons.org&rft.date=2009-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2Fweblog%2Fentry%2F17127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freedomdefined.org/Licenses/NC">"The Case for Free Use: Reasons Not to Use a Creative Commons -NC License"</a>. Freedomdefined.org. August 26, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709051540/http://freedomdefined.org/Licenses/NC">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Case+for+Free+Use%3A+Reasons+Not+to+Use+a+Creative+Commons+-NC+License&rft.pub=Freedomdefined.org&rft.date=2013-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreedomdefined.org%2FLicenses%2FNC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#Can_I_combine_material_that_uses_different_Creative_Commons_licenses_into_my_work.3F">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>CC Wiki</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325054613/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions#Can_I_combine_material_that_uses_different_Creative_Commons_licenses_into_my_work.3F">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CC+Wiki&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2FFrequently_Asked_Questions%23Can_I_combine_material_that_uses_different_Creative_Commons_licenses_into_my_work.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#can-i-combine-material-under-different-creative-commons-licenses-in-my-work">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>Creative Commons</i>. July 14, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127205528/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/FAQ#can-i-combine-material-under-different-creative-commons-licenses-in-my-work">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2Ffaq%2F%23can-i-combine-material-under-different-creative-commons-licenses-in-my-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Creative Commons licenses without a non-commercial or no-derivatives requirement, including public domain/CC0, are all cross-compatible. Non-commercial licenses are compatible with each other and with less restrictive licenses, except for Attribution-ShareAlike. No-derivatives licenses are not compatible with any license, including themselves.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz2005" class="citation journal cs1">Katz, Zachary (2005). "Pitfalls of Open Licensing: An Analysis of Creative Commons Licensing". <i><a href="/wiki/IDEA:_The_Intellectual_Property_Law_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="IDEA: The Intellectual Property Law Review">IDEA: The Intellectual Property Law Review</a></i>. <b>46</b> (3): 391.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IDEA%3A+The+Intellectual+Property+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Pitfalls+of+Open+Licensing%3A+An+Analysis+of+Creative+Commons+Licensing&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=391&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Law">"Creative Commons Case Law"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110901220753/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Law">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creative+Commons+Case+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2FCase_Law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/2100-1030_3-6052292.html">"Creative Commons license upheld by court"</a>. News.cnet.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025165735/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1030_3-6052292.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creative+Commons+license+upheld+by+court&rft.pub=News.cnet.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F2100-1030_3-6052292.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRimmer2007" class="citation book cs1">Rimmer, Matthew (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1ONyncVruj8C&q=The+Dutch+Court%27s+decision+is+especially+noteworthy+because+it+confirms+that+the+conditions+of+a+Creative+Commons+license+automatically&pg=PA271"><i>Digital Copyright and the Consumer Revolution: Hands Off My Ipod – Matthew Rimmer – Google Böcker</i></a>. Edward Elgar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847207142" title="Special:BookSources/9781847207142"><bdi>9781847207142</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414003634/https://books.google.com/books?id=1ONyncVruj8C&pg=PA271&dq=The+Dutch+Court%27s+decision+is+especially+noteworthy+because+it+confirms+that+the+conditions+of+a+Creative+Commons+license+automatically&hl=sv&sa=X&ei=SzKvUMOkJseF4gSp4oEY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20Dutch%20Court%27s%20decision%20is%20especially%20noteworthy%20because%20it%20confirms%20that%20the%20conditions%20of%20a%20Creative%20Commons%20license%20automatically&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Copyright+and+the+Consumer+Revolution%3A+Hands+Off+My+Ipod+%E2%80%93+Matthew+Rimmer+%E2%80%93+Google+B%C3%B6cker&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar&rft.date=2007-01&rft.isbn=9781847207142&rft.aulast=Rimmer&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1ONyncVruj8C%26q%3DThe%2BDutch%2BCourt%2527s%2Bdecision%2Bis%2Bespecially%2Bnoteworthy%2Bbecause%2Bit%2Bconfirms%2Bthat%2Bthe%2Bconditions%2Bof%2Ba%2BCreative%2BCommons%2Blicense%2Bautomatically%26pg%3DPA271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20060316052623594">"Creative Commons License Upheld by Dutch Court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Groklaw" title="Groklaw">Groklaw</a></i>. March 16, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100505060734/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20060316052623594">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Groklaw&rft.atitle=Creative+Commons+License+Upheld+by+Dutch+Court&rft.date=2006-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groklaw.net%2Farticle.php%3Fstory%3D20060316052623594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/5823">"Creative Commons Licenses Enforced in Dutch Court"</a>. March 16, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110906074741/http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/5823">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creative+Commons+Licenses+Enforced+in+Dutch+Court&rft.date=2006-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2Fweblog%2Fentry%2F5823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Noam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/01/technology/01link.html">"Use My Photo? Not Without Permission"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615133400/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/01/technology/01link.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2007</span>. <q>One moment, Alison Chang, a 15-year-old student from Dallas, is cheerfully goofing around at a local church-sponsored car wash, posing with a friend for a photo. Weeks later, that photo is posted online and catches the eye of an ad agency in Australia, and the altered image of Alison appears on a billboard in Adelaide as part of a <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile" title="Virgin Mobile">Virgin Mobile</a> advertising campaign.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Use+My+Photo%3F+Not+Without+Permission.&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F01%2Ftechnology%2F01link.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvan_Brown2009" class="citation web cs1">Evan Brown (January 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713050011/http://blog.internetcases.com/2009/01/22/no-personal-jurisdiction-over-australian-defendant-in-flickr-right-of-publicity-case/">"No personal jurisdiction over Australian defendant in Flickr right of publicity case"</a>. Internet Cases, a blog about law and technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.internetcases.com/2009/01/22/no-personal-jurisdiction-over-australian-defendant-in-flickr-right-of-publicity-case/">the original</a> on July 13, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+personal+jurisdiction+over+Australian+defendant+in+Flickr+right+of+publicity+case&rft.pub=Internet+Cases%2C+a+blog+about+law+and+technology&rft.date=2009-01-22&rft.au=Evan+Brown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.internetcases.com%2F2009%2F01%2F22%2Fno-personal-jurisdiction-over-australian-defendant-in-flickr-right-of-publicity-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/7680">"Lawsuit Against Virgin Mobile and Creative Commons – FAQ"</a>. September 27, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907054202/http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/7680">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lawsuit+Against+Virgin+Mobile+and+Creative+Commons+%E2%80%93+FAQ&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2Fweblog%2Fentry%2F7680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMia_Garlick2006" class="citation web cs1">Mia Garlick (March 23, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/2006/03/23/spanishcourtrecognizesccmusic/">"Spanish Court Recognizes CC-Music"</a>. Creative Commons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926051259/https://creativecommons.org/2006/03/23/spanishcourtrecognizesccmusic/">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hannover, Germany: Feil Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft. January 8, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.recht-freundlich.de/abmahnung-urheberrechtlich-filesharing/abmahnung-des-verbandes-zum-schutz-geistigen-eigentums-im-internet-vsge">the original</a> on September 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abmahnung+des+Verbandes+zum+Schutz+geistigen+Eigentums+im+Internet+%28VSGE%29&rft.place=Hannover%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Feil+Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft&rft.date=2014-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recht-freundlich.de%2Fabmahnung-urheberrechtlich-filesharing%2Fabmahnung-des-verbandes-zum-schutz-geistigen-eigentums-im-internet-vsge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anwalt.de/rechtstipps/creative-commons-foto-abmahnung-rasch-rechtsanwaelte-setzen-erfolgreich-gegenansprueche-durch_155491.html">"Creative Commons-Foto-Abmahnung: Rasch Rechtsanwälte setzen erfolgreich Gegenansprüche durch"</a> [Creative Commons photo notice: Rasch attorneys successfully enforce counterclaims]. <i>anwalt.de</i> (in German). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anwalt.de&rft.atitle=Creative+Commons-Foto-Abmahnung%3A+Rasch+Rechtsanw%C3%A4lte+setzen+erfolgreich+Gegenanspr%C3%BCche+durch&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anwalt.de%2Frechtstipps%2Fcreative-commons-foto-abmahnung-rasch-rechtsanwaelte-setzen-erfolgreich-gegenansprueche-durch_155491.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Content_Directories">"Content Directories"</a>. creativecommons.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430010815/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Content_Directories">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Content+Directories&rft.pub=creativecommons.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2FContent_Directories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Casestudies">"Case Studies"</a>. Creative Commons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111224111652/http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Casestudies">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Case+Studies&rft.pub=Creative+Commons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.creativecommons.org%2FCasestudies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17242r-creative-commons.pdf">"Proposal to add CC license symbols to UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Commons&rft.atitle=Explore+the+new+CC+legal+database+site%21&rft.date=2020-12-03&rft.aulast=Salazar&rft.aufirst=Krystle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2F2020%2F12%2F03%2Fexplore-the-new-cc-legal-database-site%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreative+Commons+license" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creative_Commons-4-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Creative_Commons-4_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreative_Commons" class="citation web cs1">Creative Commons. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legaldb.creativecommons.org/">"Creative Commons Legal Database"</a>. <i>Creative Commons</i>. Mountain View, California, US. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117035744/https://legaldb.creativecommons.org/">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Creative_Commons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works and projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Licenses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_NonCommercial_license" title="Creative Commons NonCommercial license">NonCommercial license</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_Creative_Commons_licensed_works" title="List of major Creative Commons licensed works">Licensed works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons-licensed_works" title="Category:Creative Commons-licensed works">Category</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Domain_Mark" title="Public Domain Mark">Public Domain Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons-licensed_content_directories" title="Creative Commons-licensed content directories">Content directories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_jurisdiction_ports" title="Creative Commons jurisdiction ports">Jurisdiction ports</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/64px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/96px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/128px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major directories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CcMixter" title="CcMixter">ccMixter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Music_Archive" title="Free Music Archive">Free Music Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesound" title="Freesound">Freesound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenGameArt.org" title="OpenGameArt.org">OpenGameArt.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openclipart" title="Openclipart">Openclipart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogmazic" title="Dogmazic">Dogmazic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlow" title="Phlow">Phlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrobel" title="Electrobel">Electrobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamendo" title="Jamendo">Jamendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newgrounds#Audio_portal" title="Newgrounds">Newgrounds Audio portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripped" title="Scripped">Scripped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joi_Ito" title="Joi Ito">Joi Ito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">open content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_culture_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Free culture movement">Free culture movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FOSS" title="Template:FOSS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FOSS" title="Template 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href="/wiki/Comparison_of_source-code-hosting_facilities" title="Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities">Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_software_project_directories" title="List of free software project directories">Free software project directories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_development" title="Open-source software development">Open-source software development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_free_software" title="Outline of free software">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="Timeline of free and open-source software">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages" title="List of free and open-source software packages">Software<br />packages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio" title="Comparison of free software for audio">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_bioinformatics_software" title="List of open-source bioinformatics software">Bioinformatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">Codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_configuration_management_software" title="Comparison of open-source configuration management software">Configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">Drivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">Wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics" title="List of open-source software for mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_office_suites" title="List of office suites">Office suites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems" title="Comparison of open-source operating systems">Operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_routing_platforms" title="List of open-source routing platforms">Routing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_television_software" title="List of free television software">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_video_games" title="List of open-source video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_web_applications" title="List of free and open-source web applications">Web applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_shopping_cart_software" title="Comparison of shopping cart software">E-commerce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications" title="List of free and open-source Android applications">Android apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_iOS_applications" title="List of free and open-source iOS applications">iOS apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercial_open-source_applications_and_services" title="List of commercial open-source applications and services">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_proprietary_software" title="List of formerly proprietary software">Formerly proprietary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formerly_free_and_open-source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of formerly free and open-source software">Formerly open-source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="History of free and open-source software">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source-software_movement" title="Open-source-software movement">Open-source-software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-software_events" title="List of free-software events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_advocacy" title="Open-source software advocacy">Advocacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_organizations" title="List of free and open-source software organizations">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Movement_of_India" title="Free Software Movement of India">Free Software Movement of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free-software_license" title="Free-software license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Free_License" title="Academic Free License">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_License" title="Apple Public Source License">APSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_License" title="Artistic License">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beerware" title="Beerware">Beerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License" title="Common Development and Distribution License">CDDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Public_License" title="Eclipse Public License">EPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License" title="GNU Affero General Public License">GNU AGPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">GNU LGPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISC_license" title="ISC license">ISC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License" title="Mozilla Public License">MPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_License" title="Python License">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_Software_Foundation_License" title="Python Software Foundation License">Python Software Foundation License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepycat_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepycat License">Sleepycat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlicense" title="Unlicense">Unlicense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTFPL" title="WTFPL">WTFPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlib_License" title="Zlib License">zlib</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Types_and_standards" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and<br /> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_free_and_open-source_software_licenses" title="Comparison of free and open-source software licenses">Comparison of licenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributor_License_Agreement" title="Contributor License Agreement">Contributor License Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_license" title="Free license">Free license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">The Free Software Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">The Open Source Definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Open-source license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permissive_software_license" title="Permissive software license">Permissive software license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Challenges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/License_proliferation" title="License proliferation">License proliferation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_software_rebranded_by_Debian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla software rebranded by Debian">Mozilla software rebranding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_device_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary device driver">Proprietary device drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO/Linux controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_patents_and_free_software" title="Software patents and free software">Software patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_security" title="Open-source software security">Software security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivoization" title="Tivoization">Tivoization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Computing" title="Trusted Computing">Trusted Computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Forking</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GNU_Manifesto" title="GNU Manifesto">GNU Manifesto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-core_model" title="Open-core model">Open-core model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">Source-available software</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar" title="The Cathedral and the Bazaar">The Cathedral and the Bazaar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Free_software" title="Category:Free software">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_culture_and_open_content" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free_culture_and_open_content" title="Template:Free culture and open content"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free_culture_and_open_content" title="Template talk:Free culture and open content"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free_culture_and_open_content" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free culture and open content"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_culture_and_open_content" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">open content</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and<br />practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production" title="Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre"><i>Gratis</i> versus <i>libre</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_collaboration" title="Open collaboration">Open collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openness" title="Openness">Openness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_culture" title="Participatory culture">Participatory culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharism" title="Sharism">Sharism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Research and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">Citizen science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Notebook science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Open science data">Science data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_S" title="Plan S">Plan S</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Data, information,<br />and knowledge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_communication" title="Open communication">Open communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_knowledge" title="Open knowledge">Open knowledge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_data" title="Open data">Data</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Communication<br />and learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_writing" title="Collaborative writing">Collaborative writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_media" title="Democratic media">Democratic media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_publishing" title="Open publishing">Open publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_media" title="Participatory media">Participatory media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Open university">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_admissions" title="Open admissions">Admissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-door_academic_policy" title="Open-door academic policy">Open-door academic policy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_media" title="Citizen media">Citizen media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen journalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiki_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki journalism">Wiki journalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_journalism" title="Open-source journalism">Open-source journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a> (FOSS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free/libre software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open-design movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_robotics" title="Open-source robotics">Robotics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_gaming" title="Open gaming">Open gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_architecture" title="Open-source architecture">Open-source architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Economic principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_innovation" title="Open innovation">Open innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_patent" class="mw-redirect" title="Open patent">Open patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">Open standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Politics and governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_government" title="Open government">Open government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_governance" title="Open-source governance">Open-source governance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Architecture_Network" title="Open Architecture Network">Open Architecture Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Energy_Modelling_Initiative" title="Open Energy Modelling Initiative">Openmod Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Rights_Group" title="Open Rights Group">Open Rights Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web_Foundation" title="Open Web Foundation">Open Web Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLOS" title="PLOS">PLOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">SPARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Elbakyan" title="Alexandra Elbakyan">Alexandra Elbakyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Murray-Rust" title="Peter Murray-Rust">Peter Murray-Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Rushkoff" title="Douglas Rushkoff">Douglas Rushkoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sunde" title="Peter Sunde">Peter Sunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilbanks" title="John Wilbanks">John Wilbanks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Do-it-yourself_biology" title="Do-it-yourself biology">DIYbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_science" title="Open science">Open science movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source software movement">Open-source software movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCores" title="OpenCores">OpenCores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenWetWare" title="OpenWetWare">OpenWetWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tools" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_software_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software license">Licenses</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creative Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a></li></ul></li> <li>Definition docs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Free Cultural Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">Free Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Definition" title="The Open Definition">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">Open Source</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Indices" title="Open Data Indices">Open Data Indices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Open educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Web">Open Web movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Creative Commons license</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Creative_Commons_license" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Creative Commons license">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Creative Commons">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Creative_Commons_license" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Creative Commons license">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons" class="extiw" title="s:Category:Creative Commons">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Creative_Commons_license" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Creative Commons license">Resources</a></b> from Wikiversity</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284742" class="extiw" title="d:Q284742">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284742#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="creative commons"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph587416&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&oldid=1256987726">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creative_Commons_license&oldid=1256987726</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Creative_Commons" title="Category:Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li><li><a 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