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prototyping</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: virtual prototyping"> <meta name="keywords" content="virtual prototyping"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="virtual prototyping"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1305</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: virtual prototyping</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1305</span> BIM Model and Virtual Prototyping in Construction Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samar%20Alkindy">Samar Alkindy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The BIM model has been used to support the planning of different construction projects in the industry by showing the different stages of the construction process. The model has been instrumental in identifying some of the common errors in the construction process through the spatial arrangement. The continuous use of the BIM model in the construction industry has resulted in various radical changes such as virtual prototyping. Construction virtual prototyping is a highly advanced technology that incorporates a BIM model with realistic graphical simulations, and facilitates the simulation of the project before a product is built in the factory. The paper presents virtual prototyping in the construction industry by examining its application, challenges and benefits to a construction project. Methodology approach: A case study was conducted for this study in four major construction projects, which incorporate virtual construction prototyping in several stages of the construction project. Furthermore, there was the administration of interviews with the project manager and engineer and the planning manager. Findings: Data collected from the methodological approach shows a positive response for virtual construction prototyping in construction, especially concerning communication and visualization. Furthermore, the use of virtual prototyping has increased collaboration and efficiency between construction experts handling a project. During the planning stage, virtual prototyping has increased accuracy, reduced planning time, and reduced the amount of rework during the implementation stage. Irrespective of virtual prototyping being a new concept in the construction industry, the findings outline that the approach will benefit the management of construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20operations" title="construction operations">construction operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20planning" title=" construction planning"> construction planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20simulation" title=" process simulation"> process simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20prototyping" title=" virtual prototyping"> virtual prototyping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143753/bim-model-and-virtual-prototyping-in-construction-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1304</span> Can 3D Virtual Prototyping Conquers the Apparel Industry?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evridiki%20Papachristou">Evridiki Papachristou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Bilalis"> Nikolaos Bilalis </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Imagine an apparel industry where fashion design does not begin with a paper-and-pen drawing which is then translated into pattern and later to a 3D model where the designer tries out different fabrics, colours and contrasts. Instead, imagine a fashion designer in the future who produces that initial fashion drawing in a three-dimensional space and won’t leave that environment until the product is done, communicating his/her ideas with the entire development team in true to life 3D. Three-dimensional (3D) technology - while well established in many other industrial sectors like automotive, aerospace, architecture and industrial design, has only just started to open up a whole range of new opportunities for apparel designers. The paper will discuss the process of 3D simulation technology enhanced by high quality visualization of data and its capability to ensure a massive competitiveness in the market. Secondly, it will underline the most frequent problems & challenges that occur in the process chain when various partners in the production of textiles and apparel are working together. Finally, it will offer a perspective of how the Virtual Prototyping Technology will make the global textile and apparel industry change to a level where designs will be visualized on a computer and various scenarios modeled without even having to produce a physical prototype. This state-of-the-art 3D technology has been described as transformative and“disruptive”comparing to the process of the way apparel companies develop their fashion products today. It provides the benefit of virtual sampling not only for quick testing of design ideas, but also reducing process steps and having more visibility.A so called“digital asset” that can be used for other purposes such as merchandising or marketing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20visualization" title="3D visualization">3D visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apparel" title=" apparel"> apparel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20prototyping" title=" virtual prototyping"> virtual prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prototyping%20technology" title=" prototyping technology"> prototyping technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25714/can-3d-virtual-prototyping-conquers-the-apparel-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">591</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1303</span> Virtual Prototyping of LED Chip Scale Packaging Using Computational Fluid Dynamic and Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20C.%20Law">R. C. Law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirley%20Kang"> Shirley Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Y.%20Hin"> T. Y. Hin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Abdullah"> M. Z. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> LED technology has been evolving aggressively in recent years from incandescent bulb during older days to as small as chip scale package. It will continue to stay bright in future. As such, there is tremendous pressure to stay competitive in the market by optimizing products to next level of performance and reliability with the shortest time to market. This changes the conventional way of product design and development to virtual prototyping by means of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). It comprises of the deployment of Finite Element Method (FEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). FEM accelerates the investigation for early detection of failures such as crack, improve the thermal performance of system and enhance solder joint reliability. CFD helps to simulate the flow pattern of molding material as a function of different temperature, molding parameters settings to evaluate failures like voids and displacement. This paper will briefly discuss the procedures and applications of FEM in thermal stress, solder joint reliability and CFD of compression molding in LED CSP. Integration of virtual prototyping in product development had greatly reduced the time to market. Many successful achievements with minimized number of evaluation iterations required in the scope of material, process setting, and package architecture variant have been materialized with this approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LED" title="LED">LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chip%20scale%20packaging%20%28CSP%29" title=" chip scale packaging (CSP)"> chip scale packaging (CSP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamic%20%28CFD%29" title=" computational fluid dynamic (CFD)"> computational fluid dynamic (CFD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20prototyping" title=" virtual prototyping "> virtual prototyping </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74429/virtual-prototyping-of-led-chip-scale-packaging-using-computational-fluid-dynamic-and-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1302</span> Virtual Prototyping of Ventilated Corrugated Fibreboard Carton of Fresh Fruit for Improved Containerized Transportation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemayehu%20Ambaw">Alemayehu Ambaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matia%20Mukama"> Matia Mukama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umezuruike%20Linus%20Opara"> Umezuruike Linus Opara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study introduces a comprehensive method for designing ventilated corrugated fiberboard carton for fresh fruit packaging utilising virtual prototyping. The technique efficiently assesses and analyses the mechanical and thermal capabilities of fresh fruit packing boxes prior to making production investments. Comprehensive structural, aerodynamic, and thermodynamic data from designs were collected and evaluated in comparison to real-world packaging needs. Physical prototypes of potential designs were created and evaluated afterward. The virtual prototype is created with computer-aided graphics, computational structural dynamics, and computational fluid dynamics technologies. The virtual prototyping quickly generated data on carton compression strength, airflow resistance, produce cooling rate, spatiotemporal temperature, and product quality map in the cold chain within a few hours. Six distinct designs were analysed. All the various carton designs showed similar effectiveness in preserving the quality of the goods. The innovative packaging box design is more compact, resulting in a higher freight density of 1720 kg more fruit per reefer compared to the commercial counterpart. The precooling process was improved, resulting in a 17% increase in throughput and a 30% reduction in power usage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postharvest" title="postharvest">postharvest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20logistics" title=" container logistics"> container logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%2Fvolume%20usage" title=" space/volume usage"> space/volume usage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20method" title=" computational method"> computational method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packaging%20technology" title=" packaging technology"> packaging technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183359/virtual-prototyping-of-ventilated-corrugated-fibreboard-carton-of-fresh-fruit-for-improved-containerized-transportation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1301</span> Analysis and Comparison of Prototypes of an Ergometric Step in a Multidisciplinary Design Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20B.%20Ricardo%20De%20Oliveira">M. B. Ricardo De Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Borghi-Silva"> A. Borghi-Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Di%20Thommazo"> L. Di Thommazo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Braatz"> D. Braatz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prototypes can be understood as representations of a product concept. Furthermore, prototyping consists in an important stage in product development and results in better team communication, decision making, testing and problem solving through feedback. Although there are several methods of prototyping suggested by recent studies for designers to choose from, some methods present different advantages, such as cost and time reduction, performance and fidelity, which should be taken in account during a product development project. In this multidisciplinary study, involving areas of physiotherapy, engineering and computer science (hardware and software), we compared four developed prototypes of an ergometric step: a virtual prototype, a 3D printed prototype, a bricolage prototype and a prototype manufactured by a third-party company. These prototypes were evaluated in a comparative-qualitative approach for their contribution to the concept’s maturation of the product, the different prototyping methods used and the advantages and disadvantages of each one based on the product’s design specifications (performance, safety, materials, cost, maintenance, usability, ergonomics and portability). Our results indicated that despite prototypes show overall advantages, all of them have limitations, thus being crucial to have different methods of testing and interacting with the product. Additionally, virtual and 3D printed prototypes were essential at early stages of the project due to their low-cost and high-fidelity representation of the product, while the prototype manufactured by a third-party company and bricolage prototype introduced functional tests in real scenarios, allowing more detailed evaluations. This study also resulted in a patent for an ergometric step. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Product%20Design" title="Product Design">Product Design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Product%20Development" title=" Product Development"> Product Development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prototypes" title=" Prototypes"> Prototypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Step" title=" Step"> Step</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124019/analysis-and-comparison-of-prototypes-of-an-ergometric-step-in-a-multidisciplinary-design-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1300</span> Application of Rapid Prototyping to Create Additive Prototype Using Computer System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meftah%20O.%20Bashir">Meftah O. Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20A.%20Karkory"> Fatma A. Karkory</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid prototyping is a new group of manufacturing processes, which allows fabrication of physical of any complexity using a layer by layer deposition technique directly from a computer system. The rapid prototyping process greatly reduces the time and cost necessary to bring a new product to market. The prototypes made by these systems are used in a range of industrial application including design evaluation, verification, testing, and as patterns for casting processes. These processes employ a variety of materials and mechanisms to build up the layers to build the part. The present work was to build a FDM prototyping machine that could control the X-Y motion and material deposition, to generate two-dimensional and three-dimensional complex shapes. This study focused on the deposition of wax material. This work was to find out the properties of the wax materials used in this work in order to enable better control of the FDM process. This study will look at the integration of a computer controlled electro-mechanical system with the traditional FDM additive prototyping process. The characteristics of the wax were also analysed in order to optimize the model production process. These included wax phase change temperature, wax viscosity and wax droplet shape during processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20prototyping" title="rapid prototyping">rapid prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wax" title=" wax"> wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20processes" title=" manufacturing processes"> manufacturing processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape" title=" shape "> shape </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25158/application-of-rapid-prototyping-to-create-additive-prototype-using-computer-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1299</span> Preliminary Conceptions of 3D Prototyping Model to Experimental Investigation in Hypersonic Shock Tunnels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiago%20Victor%20Cordeiro%20Marcos">Thiago Victor Cordeiro Marcos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joao%20Felipe%20de%20Araujo%20Martos"> Joao Felipe de Araujo Martos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronaldo%20de%20Lima%20Cardoso"> Ronaldo de Lima Cardoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Romanelli%20Pinto"> David Romanelli Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20Gilberto%20de%20Paula%20Toro"> Paulo Gilberto de Paula Toro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israel%20da%20Silveira%20Rego"> Israel da Silveira Rego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Carlos%20de%20Oliveira"> Antonio Carlos de Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the use of 3D rapid prototyping, also known as 3D printing, has been investigated by some universities around the world as an innovative technique, fast, flexible and cheap for a direct plastic models manufacturing that are lighter and with complex geometries to be tested for hypersonic shock tunnel. Initially, the purpose is integrated prototyped parts with metal models that actually are manufactured through of the conventional machining and hereafter replace them with completely prototyped models. The mechanical design models to be tested in hypersonic shock tunnel are based on conventional manufacturing processes, therefore are limited forms and standard geometries. The use of 3D rapid prototyping offers a range of options that enables geometries innovation and ways to be used for the design new models. The conception and project of a prototyped model for hypersonic shock tunnel should be rethought and adapted when comparing the conventional manufacturing processes, in order to fully exploit the creativity and flexibility that are allowed by the 3D prototyping process. The objective of this paper is to compare the conception and project of a 3D rapid prototyping model and a conventional machining model, while showing the advantages and disadvantages of each process and the benefits that 3D prototyping can bring to the manufacture of models to be tested in hypersonic shock tunnel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20prototyping" title=" 3D prototyping"> 3D prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20research" title=" experimental research"> experimental research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersonic%20shock%20tunnel" title=" hypersonic shock tunnel"> hypersonic shock tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59503/preliminary-conceptions-of-3d-prototyping-model-to-experimental-investigation-in-hypersonic-shock-tunnels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1298</span> Managing Virtual Teams in a Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jafari%20Toosy">M. Jafari Toosy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zamani"> A. Zamani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article, considering the result of pandemics at the international level and all activities and projects performed virtually and the need for resource management and virtual teams in this period identifies the components of virtual management after searching the available resources. Exploration of virtual management in the pandemic era is explored in 10 international articles. The results of research with this method and according to the tasks and topics related to management knowledge and definition of virtual teams can be divided into topics such as planning, decision making, control, organization, leadership, attention to growth and capability, resources and facilities, Communication, creativity, innovation and security. In order to explain the nature of virtual management, a definition of virtual management was provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title="management">management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual" title=" virtual"> virtual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20team%20management" title=" virtual team management"> virtual team management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic" title=" pandemic"> pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=team" title=" team"> team</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143801/managing-virtual-teams-in-a-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1297</span> Emerging Virtual Linguistic Landscape Created by Members of Language Community in TikTok</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Zhu">Kai Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanhua%20He"> Shanhua He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yujiao%20Chang"> Yujiao Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the virtual linguistic landscape of an emerging virtual language community in TikTok, a language community realizing immediate and non-immediate communication without a precise Spatio-temporal domain or a specific socio-cultural boundary or interpersonal network. This kind of language community generates a large number and various forms of virtual linguistic landscape, with which we conducted a virtual ethnographic survey together with telephone interviews to collect data from coping. We have been following two language communities in TikTok for several months so that we can illustrate the composition of the two language communities and some typical virtual language landscapes in both language communities first. Then we try to explore the reasons why and how they are formed through the organization, transcription, and analysis of the interviews. Our analysis reveals the richness and diversity of the virtual linguistic landscape, and finally, we summarize some of the characteristics of this language community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20linguistic%20landscape" title="virtual linguistic landscape">virtual linguistic landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20language%20community" title=" virtual language community"> virtual language community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20ethnographic%20survey" title=" virtual ethnographic survey"> virtual ethnographic survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TikTok" title=" TikTok"> TikTok</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159621/emerging-virtual-linguistic-landscape-created-by-members-of-language-community-in-tiktok" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1296</span> Investigate the Effects of Geometrical Structure and Layer Orientation on Strength of 3D-FDM Rapid Prototyped Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.D.%20Sarhan">Ahmed A.D. Sarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong%20Feng%20Duan"> Chong Feng Duan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mum%20Wai%20Yip"> Mum Wai Yip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sayuti"> M. Sayuti </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies enable physical parts to be produced from various materials without depending on the conventional tooling. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the famous RP processes used at present. Tensile strength and compressive strength resistance will be identified for different sample structures and different layer orientations of ABS rapid prototype solid models. The samples will be fabricated by a FDM rapid prototyping machine in different layer orientations with variations in internal geometrical structure. The 0° orientation where layers were deposited along the length of the samples displayed superior strength and impact resistance over all the other orientations. The anisotropic properties were probably caused by weak interlayer bonding and interlayer porosity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20orientation" title="building orientation">building orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20strength" title=" compression strength"> compression strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20prototyping" title=" rapid prototyping"> rapid prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29645/investigate-the-effects-of-geometrical-structure-and-layer-orientation-on-strength-of-3d-fdm-rapid-prototyped-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">697</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1295</span> The Antecedents of Continued Usage on Social-Oriented Virtual Communities Based on Automaticity Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiu-Hua%20Cheng">Hsiu-Hua Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the number of social-oriented virtual communities users has increased significantly. Corporate investment in advertising on social-oriented virtual communities increases quickly. With the gigantic commercial value of the digital market, competitions between virtual communities are keen. In this context, how to retain existing customers to continue using social-oriented virtual communities is an urgent issue for virtual community managers. This study employs the perspective of automaticity mechanism and combines the social embeddedness theory with the literature of involvement and habit in order to explore antecedents of users’ continuous usage on social-oriented virtual communities. The results can be a reference for scholars and managers of social-oriented virtual communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continued%20usage" title="continued usage">continued usage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habit" title=" habit"> habit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20embeddedness" title=" social embeddedness"> social embeddedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=involvement" title=" involvement"> involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20community" title=" virtual community"> virtual community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35621/the-antecedents-of-continued-usage-on-social-oriented-virtual-communities-based-on-automaticity-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1294</span> The Importance of Student Feedback in Development of Virtual Engineering Laboratories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Altalbe">A. A. Altalbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20W%20Bergmann"> N. W Bergmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been significant recent interest in on-line learning, as well as considerable work on developing technologies for virtual laboratories for engineering students. After reviewing the state-of-the-art of virtual laboratories, this paper steps back from the technology issues to look in more detail at the pedagogical issues surrounding virtual laboratories, and examines the role of gathering student feedback in the development of such laboratories. The main contribution of the paper is a set of student surveys before and after a prototype deployment of a simulation laboratory tool, and the resulting analysis which leads to some tentative guidelines for the design of virtual engineering laboratories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20education" title="engineering education">engineering education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elearning" title=" elearning"> elearning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20engineering" title=" electrical engineering"> electrical engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20laboratories" title=" virtual laboratories"> virtual laboratories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62804/the-importance-of-student-feedback-in-development-of-virtual-engineering-laboratories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1293</span> Virtual Reality Design Platform to Easily Create Virtual Reality Experiences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Casteleiro-%20Pitrez">J. Casteleiro- Pitrez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The interest in Virtual Reality (VR) keeps increasing among the community of designers. To develop this type of immersive experience, the understanding of new processes and methodologies is as fundamental as its complex implementation which usually implies hiring a specialized team. In this paper, we introduce a case study, a platform that allows designers to easily create complex VR experiences, present its features, and its development process. We conclude that this platform provides a complete solution for the design and development of VR experiences, no-code needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creatives" title="creatives">creatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designers" title=" designers"> designers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20design%20platform" title=" virtual reality design platform"> virtual reality design platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20system" title=" virtual reality system"> virtual reality system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=no-coding" title=" no-coding"> no-coding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132222/virtual-reality-design-platform-to-easily-create-virtual-reality-experiences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1292</span> A Preliminary Development of Virtual Sight-Seeing Website for Thai Temples on Rattanakosin Island </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pijitra%20Jomsri">Pijitra Jomsri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the sources of cultures and tourist attractions are presented in online documentary form only. In order to make them more virtual, the researcher then collected and presented them in the form of Virtual Temple. The prototype, which is a replica of the actual location, was developed to the website and allows people who are interested in Rattanakosin Island can see in form of Panorama Pan View. By this way, anyone can access the data and appreciate the beauty of Rattanakosin Island in the virtual model like the real place. The result from the experiment showed that the levels of the knowledge on Thai temples in Rattanakosin Island increased; moreover, the users were highly satisfied with the systems. It can be concluded that virtual temples can support to publicize Thai arts, cultures and travels, as well as it can be utilized effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20sight-seeing" title="virtual sight-seeing">virtual sight-seeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rattanakosin%20Island" title=" Rattanakosin Island"> Rattanakosin Island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thai%20temples" title=" Thai temples"> Thai temples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20temple" title=" virtual temple "> virtual temple </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1402/a-preliminary-development-of-virtual-sight-seeing-website-for-thai-temples-on-rattanakosin-island" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1402.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1291</span> Comparative Analysis of Real and Virtual Garment Fit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20Ancutiene">Kristina Ancutiene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this research is to perform comparative analysis between the virtual fit of the woman's dress and the fit on a real person. The dress fitting was done using mechanical and structural parameters of the 100 % linen fabric and using Modaris_3D_Fit software (CAD Lectra). The dress was also sawn after which garment fit differences of real and virtual dress was researched. Four respondents whose figures were similar were used to evaluate the ease and strain deformations of the real and virtual dress. The scores that were given by the respondents wearing the real dress were compared to the ease and strain results that were given by the software. The main result was that respondents feel similar to the virtual stretch deformations but their ease feeling is not always matching the virtual ones. The results may be influenced by psychological factors and different understanding about purpose of garment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20garment" title="virtual garment">virtual garment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20CAD" title=" 3D CAD"> 3D CAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garment%20fit" title=" garment fit"> garment fit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3838/comparative-analysis-of-real-and-virtual-garment-fit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1290</span> Developing a Model for Information Giving Behavior in Virtual Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pui-Lai%20To">Pui-Lai To</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chechen%20Liao"> Chechen Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Ling%20Lin"> Tzu-Ling Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virtual communities have created a range of new social spaces in which to meet and interact with one another. Both as a stand-alone model or as a supplement to sustain competitive advantage for normal business models, building virtual communities has been hailed as one of the major strategic innovations of the new economy. However for a virtual community to evolve, the biggest challenge is how to make members actively give information or provide advice. Even in busy virtual communities, usually, only a small fraction of members post information actively. In order to investigate the determinants of information giving willingness of those contributors who usually actively provide their opinions, we proposed a model to understand the reasons for contribution in communities. The study will definitely serve as a basis for the future growth of information giving in virtual communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20giving" title="information giving">information giving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20identity" title=" social identity"> social identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20community" title=" virtual community"> virtual community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50884/developing-a-model-for-information-giving-behavior-in-virtual-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1289</span> Modal Dynamic Analysis of a Mechanism with Deformable Elements from an Oil Pump Unit Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dumitru">N. Dumitru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dumitru"> S. Dumitru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Copilusi"> C. Copilusi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ploscaru"> N. Ploscaru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On this research, experimental analyses have been performed in order to determine the oil pump mechanism dynamics and stability from an oil unit mechanical structure. The experimental tests were focused on the vibrations which occur inside of the rod element during functionality of the oil pump unit. The oil pump mechanism dynamic parameters were measured and also determined through numerical computations. Entire research is based on the oil pump unit mechanical system virtual prototyping. For a complete analysis of the mechanism, the frequency dynamic response was identified, mainly for the mechanism driven element, based on two methods: processing and virtual simulations with MSC Adams aid and experimental analysis. In fact, through this research, a complete methodology is presented where numerical simulations of a mechanism with deformed elements are developed on a dynamic mode and these can be correlated with experimental tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20dynamic%20analysis" title="modal dynamic analysis">modal dynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20pump" title=" oil pump"> oil pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20elements" title=" flexible elements"> flexible elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20response" title=" frequency response"> frequency response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47941/modal-dynamic-analysis-of-a-mechanism-with-deformable-elements-from-an-oil-pump-unit-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1288</span> Investigation of Garment Fit Using Virtual Try-On Technology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20Ancutiene">Kristina Ancutiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agne%20Lage"> Agne Lage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ada%20Gulbiniene"> Ada Gulbiniene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virtual garment fitting has gotten considerable attention for researchers currently. Virtual try-on technologies provide the opportunity to check garment fit using various fabrics and sizes. Differences in fabric mechanical properties produce differences in garment fit. This research aimed to investigate the virtual garment fit concerning the fabric's mechanical properties by determining distance ease between the body and the garment. In this research, virtual women mannequin was covered with straight fit virtual dress stitched in Modaris 3D (CAD Lectra). Garment fitting was investigated using seven cotton/cotton blended plain weave fabrics. Ease allowance value at bust, waist and hip girths in 2D basic patterns was changed uniformly from 0 cm to 8 cm. The values of distance ease in 3D virtual garments at the three main girths were investigated. Distance ease distribution in the virtual garment was investigated also. It was defined that by increasing of 2D patterns ease allowance, 3D garment distance ease changes proportionally but differently using various fabrics. Correlation analysis between 3D garment ease and mechanical properties showed that tensile strain in weft direction had the strongest relation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20CAD" title="3D CAD">3D CAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20ease" title=" distance ease"> distance ease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabric" title=" fabric"> fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garment%20fit" title=" garment fit"> garment fit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20try-on" title=" virtual try-on"> virtual try-on</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125363/investigation-of-garment-fit-using-virtual-try-on-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1287</span> Teaching College Classes with Virtual Reality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Penn%20P.%20Wu">Penn P. Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technologies have made it possible for students to experience a virtual on-the-scene or virtual in-person observation of an educational event. In an experimental class, the author uses VR, particularly 360° videos, to virtually engage students in an event, through a wide spectrum of educational resources, such s a virtual “bystander.” Students were able to observe the event as if they were physically on site, although they could not intervene with the scene. The author will describe the adopted equipment, specification, and cost of building them as well as the quality of VR. The author will discuss (a) feasibility, effectiveness, and efficiency of using VR as a supplemental technology to teach college students and criteria and methodologies used by the authors to evaluate them; (b) barriers and issues of technological implementation; and (c) pedagogical practices learned through this experiment. The author also attempts to explore (a) how VR could provide an interactive virtual in-person learning experience; (b) how VR can possibly change traditional college education and online education; (c) how educators and balance six critical factors: cost, time, technology, quality, result, and content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20with%20VR" title="learning with VR">learning with VR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20experience%20of%20learning" title=" virtual experience of learning"> virtual experience of learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20in-person%20learning" title=" virtual in-person learning"> virtual in-person learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality%20for%20education" title=" virtual reality for education"> virtual reality for education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59042/teaching-college-classes-with-virtual-reality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1286</span> Special Education in a Virtual Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20K.%20Johnson">Anna K. Johnson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technology can provide endless opportunities for students with special needs. Virtual learning, particularly virtual charter schools in the US, provides opportunities for students with special needs for alternative education besides Brick and Mortar schools. Virtual schools have proven to be successful in the way they are able to provide quality education for their students. Virtual schools, just like Brick and Mortar schools, are not for everybody. This research is designed to look at the effectiveness of online charter schools, so parents can make decisions based on data. This article explains what inclusion is and how inclusion is addressed in the virtual environment. Often, students with special needs have limited options for schooling, and new charter schools provide that alternative education for students who don’t fit in the local brick-and-mortar school. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20education" title="special education">special education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20school" title=" virtual school"> virtual school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online" title=" online"> online</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title=" inclusion"> inclusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156128/special-education-in-a-virtual-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1285</span> The Phenomena of Virtual World Adoption: Antecedents and Consequences of Virtual World Experience</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norita%20Ahmad">Norita Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Barkhi"> Reza Barkhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobo%20Xu"> Xiaobo Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We design an experimental study to learn about the cognitive implications of the use of avatars in a Virtual World (VW) (i.e., Second Life). The results support our proposed model, where a positive flow experience with VW influences the attitude towards VW, in turn influencing intention to use VW. Furthermore, VW flow experience can itself be impacted by perceived peer influence, familiarity with VW, and personality of the individuals behind the avatars in VW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avatar" title="avatar">avatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20experience" title=" flow experience"> flow experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20type" title=" personality type"> personality type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20life" title=" second life"> second life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20world" title=" virtual world"> virtual world</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13712/the-phenomena-of-virtual-world-adoption-antecedents-and-consequences-of-virtual-world-experience" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1284</span> A Comparative Study on the Dimensional Error of 3D CAD Model and SLS RP Model for Reconstruction of Cranial Defect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Siva%20Rama%20Krishna">L. Siva Rama Krishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sriram%20Venkatesh"> Sriram Venkatesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sastish%20Kumar"> M. Sastish Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Uma%20Maheswara%20Chary"> M. Uma Maheswara Chary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a technology that produces models and prototype parts from 3D CAD model data, CT/MRI scan data, and model data created from 3D object digitizing systems. There are several RP process like Stereolithography (SLA), Solid Ground Curing (SGC), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), 3D Printing (3DP) among them SLS and FDM RP processes are used to fabricate pattern of custom cranial implant. RP technology is useful in engineering and biomedical application. This is helpful in engineering for product design, tooling and manufacture etc. RP biomedical applications are design and development of medical devices, instruments, prosthetics and implantation; it is also helpful in planning complex surgical operation. The traditional approach limits the full appreciation of various bony structure movements and therefore the custom implants produced are difficult to measure the anatomy of parts and analyse the changes in facial appearances accurately. Cranioplasty surgery is a surgical correction of a defect in cranial bone by implanting a metal or plastic replacement to restore the missing part. This paper aims to do a comparative study on the dimensional error of CAD and SLS RP Models for reconstruction of cranial defect by comparing the virtual CAD with the physical RP model of a cranial defect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20prototyping" title="rapid prototyping">rapid prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20laser%20sintering" title=" selective laser sintering"> selective laser sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cranial%20defect" title=" cranial defect"> cranial defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensional%20error" title=" dimensional error"> dimensional error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3068/a-comparative-study-on-the-dimensional-error-of-3d-cad-model-and-sls-rp-model-for-reconstruction-of-cranial-defect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1283</span> Virtual Reality as a Tool in Modern Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%81ukasz%20Bis">Łukasz Bis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The author is going to discuss virtual reality and its importance for new didactic methods. It has been known for years that experience-based education gives much better results in terms of long-term memory than theoretical study. However, practice is expensive - virtual reality allows the use of an empirical approach to learning, with minimized production costs. The author defines what makes a given VR experience appropriate (adequate) for the didactic and cognitive process. The article is a kind of a list of guidelines and their importance for the VR experience under development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title="virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20design" title=" universal design"> universal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guideline" title=" guideline"> guideline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154224/virtual-reality-as-a-tool-in-modern-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1282</span> Virtual Customer Integration in Innovation Development: A Systematic Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chau%20Nguyen%20Pham%20Minh">Chau Nguyen Pham Minh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to answer the following research question: What do we know about virtual customer integration in innovation development based on existing empirical research? The paper is based on a systematic review of 136 articles which were published in the past 16 years. The analysis focuses on three areas: what forms of virtual customer integration (e.g. netnography, online co-creation, virtual experience) have been applied in innovation development; how have virtual customer integration methods effectively been utilized by firms; and what are the influences of virtual customer integration on innovation development activities? Through the detailed analysis, the study provides researchers with broad understanding about virtual customer integration in innovation development. The study shows that practitioners and researchers increasingly pay attention on using virtual customer integration methods in developing innovation since those methods have dominant advantages in interact with customers in order to generate the best ideas for innovation development. Additionally, the findings indicate that netnography has been the most common method in integrating with customers for idea generation; while virtual product experience has been mainly used in product testing. Moreover, the analysis also reveals the positive and negative influences of virtual customer integration in innovation development from both process and strategic perspectives. Most of the review studies examined the phenomenon from company’s perspectives to understand the process of applying virtual customer integration methods and their impacts; however, the customers’ perspective on participating in the virtual interaction has been inadequately studied; therefore, it creates many potential interesting research paths for future studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title="innovation">innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20customer%20integration" title=" virtual customer integration"> virtual customer integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-creation" title=" co-creation"> co-creation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=netnography" title=" netnography"> netnography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20product%20development" title=" new product development"> new product development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55844/virtual-customer-integration-in-innovation-development-a-systematic-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1281</span> Complex Technology of Virtual Reconstruction: The Case of Kazan Imperial University of XIX-Early XX Centuries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20K.%20Karimova">L. K. Karimova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Shariukova"> K. I. Shariukova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Kirpichnikova"> A. A. Kirpichnikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Razuvalova"> E. A. Razuvalova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article deals with technology of virtual reconstruction of Kazan Imperial University of XIX - early XX centuries. The paper describes technologies of 3D-visualization of high-resolution models of objects of university space, creation of multi-agent system and connected with these objects organized database of historical sources, variants of use of technologies of immersion into the virtual environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-reconstruction" title="3D-reconstruction">3D-reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20system" title=" multi-agent system"> multi-agent system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=database" title=" database"> database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20space" title=" university space"> university space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reconstruction" title=" virtual reconstruction"> virtual reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20heritage" title=" virtual heritage"> virtual heritage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41436/complex-technology-of-virtual-reconstruction-the-case-of-kazan-imperial-university-of-xix-early-xx-centuries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1280</span> Virtual Marketing Team Leadership and Burnout: Literature Review, Implications for Managers, and Recommendations for Future Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chad%20A.%20Roberts">Chad A. Roberts</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the digitally connected world, global virtual teams are increasingly becoming the norm at large, multinational companies. Marketing managers see the positives of virtual teams. They also see the negatives. Employees who work from home may feel isolated, unorganized, and distracted by homelife. These complexities create a phenomenon that leaves virtual team members feeling burnout, a significant issue for marketing leaders and their team members. This paper examines remote worker burnout in global virtual marketing team settings. It provides an overview of the benefits and downsides to remote working marketing teams. The paper presents the literature on remote work stress and burnout, discusses ways marketing leaders can help prevent virtual employee burnout and suggests future research studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burnout" title="burnout">burnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20pandemic" title=" COVID-19 pandemic"> COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20work" title=" remote work"> remote work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20team" title=" virtual team"> virtual team</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147656/virtual-marketing-team-leadership-and-burnout-literature-review-implications-for-managers-and-recommendations-for-future-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1279</span> Brain-Motor Disablement: Using Virtual Reality-Based Therapeutic Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vince%20Macri">Vince Macri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Petioky"> Jakub Petioky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Zilber"> Paul Zilber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virtual-reality-based technology, i.e. video-game-like simulations (collectively, VRSims) are used in therapy for a variety of medical conditions. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a discussion on criteria for selecting VRSims to augment treatment of survivors of acquired brain injury. Specifically, for treatments to improve or restore brain motor function in upper extremities affected by paresis or paralysis. Six uses of virtual reality are reviewed video games for entertainment, training simulations, unassisted or device-assisted movements of affected or unaffected extremities displayed in virtual environments and virtual anatomical interactivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquired%20brain%20injury" title="acquired brain injury">acquired brain injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain-motor%20function" title=" brain-motor function"> brain-motor function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20anatomical%20interactivity" title=" virtual anatomical interactivity"> virtual anatomical interactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapeutic%20simulations" title=" therapeutic simulations "> therapeutic simulations </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29311/brain-motor-disablement-using-virtual-reality-based-therapeutic-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">588</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1278</span> Virtual Computing Lab for Phonics Development among Deaf Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20R.%20Bansal">Ankita R. Bansal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naren%20S.%20Burade"> Naren S. Burade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Idea is to create a cloud based virtual lab for Deaf Students, “A language acquisition program using Visual Phonics and Cued Speech” using VMware Virtual Lab. This lab will demonstrate students the sounds of letters associated with the Language, building letter blocks, making words, etc Virtual labs are used for demos, training, for the Lingual development of children in their vernacular language. The main potential benefits are reduced labour and hardware costs, faster response times to users. Virtual Computing Labs allows any of the software as a service solutions, virtualization solutions, and terminal services solutions available today to offer as a service on demand, where a single instance of the software runs on the cloud and services multiple end users. VMWare, XEN, MS Virtual Server, Virtuoso, and Citrix are typical examples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20phonics" title="visual phonics">visual phonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20acquisition" title=" language acquisition"> language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vernacular%20language" title=" vernacular language"> vernacular language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cued%20speech" title=" cued speech"> cued speech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20lab" title=" virtual lab "> virtual lab </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14112/virtual-computing-lab-for-phonics-development-among-deaf-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1277</span> Online Educational Tools and Language Teaching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Sulc">Petr Sulc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Maresova"> Hana Maresova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This contribution focuses on online educational tools and language teaching, specifically on literary education in a multi-user virtual environment. The goal of this contribution is to give a basic overview of online language education and teaching in a virtual environment. The main goal of the research survey is to compare language (literary) education in a virtual environment with the traditional way of teaching in a typical classroom. The research concept will be mixed: a didactic test, the grounded theory method, and semi-structured questioning will be used. Kitely’s multi-user virtual environment and printed worksheets will be used for the comparison. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20educational%20tools" title="online educational tools">online educational tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20environment" title=" virtual environment"> virtual environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20teaching%20objects" title=" virtual teaching objects"> virtual teaching objects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20education" title=" literary education"> literary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=didactic%20test" title=" didactic test"> didactic test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142264/online-educational-tools-and-language-teaching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1276</span> Students' Willingness to Accept Virtual Lecturing Systems: An Empirical Study by Extending the UTAUT Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shuhaiber">Ahmed Shuhaiber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The explosion of the World Wide Web and the electronic trend of university teaching have transformed the learning style to become more learner-centred, Which has popularized the digital delivery of mediated lectures as an alternative or an adjunct to traditional lectures. Despite its potential and popularity, virtual lectures have not been adopted yet in Jordanian universities. This research aimed to fill this gap by studying the factors that influence student’s willingness to accept virtual lectures in one Jordanian University. A quantitative approach was followed by obtaining 216 survey responses and statistically applying the UTAUT model with some modifications. Results revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influences and self-efficacy could significantly influence student’s attitudes towards virtual lectures. Additionally, facilitating conditions and attitudes towards virtual lectures were found with significant influence on student’s intention to take virtual lectures. Research implications and future work were specified afterwards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-learning" title="E-learning">E-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20willingness" title=" student willingness"> student willingness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UTAUT" title=" UTAUT"> UTAUT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20Lectures" title=" virtual Lectures"> virtual Lectures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web-based%20learning%20systems" title=" web-based learning systems"> web-based learning systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27401/students-willingness-to-accept-virtual-lecturing-systems-an-empirical-study-by-extending-the-utaut-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20prototyping&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20prototyping&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20prototyping&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20prototyping&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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