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l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort_(homonymie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Confort (homonymie)">confort (homonymie)</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>Le <b>confort</b> désigne de manière générale les situations où les gestes et les positions du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corps_humain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corps humain">corps humain</a> sont ressentis comme agréable (état de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bien-%C3%AAtre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bien-être">bien-être</a>) ou excluant le non-agréable ; où et quand le corps humain n'a pas d'effort à faire pour se sentir bien.</p> <p>Le confort est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sentiment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sentiment">sentiment</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bien-%C3%AAtre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bien-être">bien-être</a> qui a une triple origine (physique, fonctionnelle et psychique)<sup id="cite_ref-ConfFonx97_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ConfFonx97-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>C'est un des composants de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qualit%C3%A9_de_vie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qualité de vie">qualité de vie</a>, de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santé">santé</a> et donc de l'accès au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_humain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice de développement humain">développement humain</a>. Il intéresse les économistes, les employeurs et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_du_travail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation du travail">organisation du travail</a> car il influe aussi sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Productivit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Productivité">productivité</a> des groupes et des individus <sup id="cite_ref-Productiv_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Productiv-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'accès au <i>« confort moderne »</i> est un élément de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bien-%C3%AAtre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bien-être">bien-être</a>, mais aussi de standing et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ascension_sociale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension sociale">ascension sociale</a>, voire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxe">luxe</a>. Le confort est donc aussi un argument <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publicitaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Publicitaire">publicitaire</a> très utilisé pour la vente ou location de certains bien et services (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transport">transport</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restaurant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Restaurant">restauration</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%B4tellerie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hôtellerie">hôtellerie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lectrom%C3%A9nager?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Électroménager">électroménager</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literie">literies</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>).</p> <p>Par extension, le confort désigne aussi une situation de sécurité matérielle<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Thalys_Comfort_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thalys_Comfort_2.jpg/220px-Thalys_Comfort_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thalys_Comfort_2.jpg/330px-Thalys_Comfort_2.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Thalys_Comfort_2.jpg/440px-Thalys_Comfort_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="734"></a> <figcaption> Dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_(transport_physique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Véhicule (transport physique)">véhicules</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transports_collectifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Transports collectifs">transports collectifs</a> (ici train <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thalys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thalys">Thalys</a>) la qualité des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fauteuil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fauteuil">sièges</a> et l'espace disponible par personne sont des éléments de confort, qui varient selon que le voyageur est en <abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> ou en <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> classe </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enjeux"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Enjeux</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notion_relative_et_dynamique"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Notion relative et dynamique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Confort_mat%C3%A9riel"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Confort matériel</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Confort_fonctionnel"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Confort fonctionnel</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Confort_psychologique"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Confort psychologique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Exemples"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Exemples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#In%C3%A9galit%C3%A9s_face_au_confort"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Inégalités face au confort</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_entre_aspects_physiques_et_sociopsychiques_du_confort"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Liens entre aspects physiques et sociopsychiques du confort</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_notion_de_confort_dans_le_temps"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">La notion de confort dans le temps</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Enjeux">Enjeux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Enjeux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg/170px-%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 219px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg/170px-%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="219" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg/255px-%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg/340px-%22For_Your_Comfort_Why_Waste_Them%5E_-_NARA_-_514314.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Affiche sensibilisant au fait que le confort peut être conservé, tout ne gaspillant pas l'énergie et l'eau, ici en temps de guerre (Office of War Information, 1941-1945) </figcaption> </figure> <p>Un minimum de confort est reconnu comme un enjeu important de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant%C3%A9_publique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santé publique">santé publique</a>, de bien-être et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant%C3%A9_au_travail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santé au travail">santé au travail</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qualit%C3%A9_de_vie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qualité de vie">qualité de vie</a>, notamment durant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grossesse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grossesse">grossesse</a>, aux premiers âges<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et derniers âges de la vie.</p> <p>Le <i>confort au travail</i> est reconnu comme un facteur important de productivité et de plaisir au travail, mais de nombreux travailleurs se plaignent d'un environnement mal conçu du point de vue du confort thermique, lumineux et/ou acoustique <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notion_relative_et_dynamique">Notion relative et dynamique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notion relative et dynamique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Discomfort_zone.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Discomfort_zone.jpg/170px-Discomfort_zone.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Discomfort_zone.jpg/170px-Discomfort_zone.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Discomfort_zone.jpg/255px-Discomfort_zone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Discomfort_zone.jpg/340px-Discomfort_zone.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La position est inconfortable, mais elle préserve du vol. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif/lossy-page1-170px-%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1959" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 260px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif/lossy-page1-170px-%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="260" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif/lossy-page1-255px-%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif/lossy-page1-340px-%22More_comfort_-_Less_work%22_-_NARA_-_515017.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i><span class="citation">« Plus de confort, moins de travail ; le charbon est rare, ne le gaspillez pas »</span></i>. Cette affiche invite au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civisme">civisme</a> ceux qui se chauffaient au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charbon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charbon">charbon</a>. Limiter le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort_thermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confort thermique">confort thermique</a> au strict nécessaire permet de réserver plus de charbon pour l'économie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industriel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Industriel">industrielle</a> ; Office of War Information, 1941-1945 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Une échelle théorique de confort semble pouvoir être définie au regard d'élément vitaux (oxygène nécessaire pour respirer, lumière nécessaire à la production de vitamine D...) et au regard d'une composante psychologique importante, mais plus difficile à mesurer, qui sont par exemple l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espace_vital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espace vital">espace vital</a> et de confort<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (de l'individu ou de sous groupes (fratrie, mère-enfant, équipe...) et le respect de l'intimité, ainsi que la qualité esthétique de l'environnement.</p> <p>Pour chacun de nos <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sens_(physiologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sens (physiologie)">sens</a> perceptifs sensible au confort, il existe une <i>« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zone_de_confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zone de confort">zone de confort</a> »</i>, entre le pas assez, et le trop (de bruit, de lumière, d'air, d'espace, d'humidité, de chaleur/fraicheur, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>). Cette zone peut être ressentie comme plus ou moins étendue selon la personne, son âge et le contexte et la durée d'exposition à l'environnement (public, privé, de travail, véhicule...) en question.</p> <p>L'appréciation d'un niveau de confort doit donc être appréciée de manière <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holistique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistique">holistique</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et selon le contexte temporel (les standards du confort évoluent dans le temps ; ce qui est considéré comme un luxe aujourd'hui peut devenir le confort de base de demain).</p> <p>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domotique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domotique">domotique</a> peut ou pourra adapter un environnement aux besoins de ses occupants, mais les besoins de chacun ou du groupe pouvant varier dans le temps, la capacité de rétroagir sur l'environnement intérieur, de manière autonome, fait encore partie du confort (ex : pouvoir ouvrir une porte ou une fenêtre pour bénéficier d'un air plus frais en cas d'activité physique plus intense, pouvoir éteindre ou moduler l'éclairage<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Confort_matériel"><span id="Confort_mat.C3.A9riel"></span>Confort matériel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Confort matériel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Il concerne les aspects physiques et matériels du confort.</p> <p>Avec le développement de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%88re_industrielle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ère industrielle">ère industrielle</a> et le développement d'une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_consommation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société de consommation">société de consommation</a> initialement basée sur la multiplication d'objets manufacturés et de biens et services matériels relativement standardisés, le <i>confort matériel</i> est devenu au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et surtout au <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle une valeur emblématique de la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modernit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modernité">modernité</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-LeGoff94_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LeGoff94-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradigme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paradigme">paradigme</a> du <i>« confort moderne »</i> est devenu un mode privilégié de représentation et de légitimation du progrès<sup id="cite_ref-LeGoff94_11-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LeGoff94-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qu'il s'agisse du progrès industriel, sanitaire, technique et social, ou du développement d'une partie de la finance (systèmes spécifiques de prêts, plans d'épargne, achat en leasing, etc).</p> <p>Ainsi présenté comme une condition du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Progr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Progrès">progrès</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9veloppement_social&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Développement social (page inexistante)">développement social</a> et sanitaire (via la conquête d'avantages matériels), par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Am%C3%A9nageur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aménageur">aménageurs</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Promoteur_immobilier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Promoteur immobilier">promoteur immobilier</a> notamment, le confort a même été parfois imposé et a justifié le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renouvellement_urbain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renouvellement urbain">renouvellement urbain</a> et parfois des déplacements forcés de population, en Chine par exemple<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Il est parfois mis ou remis en question au travers de la quête de valeurs et de sens <sup id="cite_ref-LeGoff94_11-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LeGoff94-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le degré de confort est évalué par rapport à des indicateurs faisant référence à des enjeux et des intérêts divers et complexes, qui en font un <span class="citation">« phénomène social »</span>.</p> <p>Un élément de confort matériel peut être individuel (ex : une machine à laver ou un chauffage par foyer) ou partagé (une laverie/buanderie et une chaufferie collective pour l'immeuble, voire pour le quartier). Dans le second cas chacun peut bénéficier d'un matériel plus performant et solide et les soucis d'entretien et de renouvellement sont mutualisés ou externalisés (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Économie de service">économie de service</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Confort_fonctionnel">Confort fonctionnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Confort fonctionnel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Il intervient dans les contextes où une tâche (physique ou intellectuelle, domestique ou professionnelle) sont à exécuter par une personne ou un groupe.</p> <p>À ne pas confondre avec le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Design?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Design">design</a></i> qui y ajoute une composante <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esth%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esthétique">esthétique</a>, le <i>« confort fonctionnel »</i> est le domaine du confort qui relève de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergonomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ergonomie">ergonomie</a> et qui vise à faciliter le travail des employés dans leurs tâches. Avec une forte dimension <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utilitarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utilitarisme">utilitaire</a>, il vise plus une efficacité au travail<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou dans une tache ménagère que le confort du corps ou la satisfaction personnelle<sup id="cite_ref-ConfFonx97_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ConfFonx97-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le concept de confort fonctionnel est invoqué dans un grand nombre de domaine et de secteurs de la production industrielle et de l'économie ; de la conception des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meuble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meuble">mobiliers</a>, au domaine du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logement">logement</a> (qualités énergétiques, facilité d'utilisation de l'eau, toilettes, appareils ménagers, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>), pour l'INSEE les éléments essentiels de confort d'un logement sont notamment l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eau_chaude_sanitaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eau chaude sanitaire">eau chaude</a>, des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toilettes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toilettes">W.C.</a> intérieurs et une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salle_d%27eau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salle d'eau">salle d'eau</a><sup id="cite_ref-Taffin91_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Taffin91-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) en passant par le secteur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%AAtement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vêtement">vêtement</a> (ex : vêtements professionnels ou vêtements et accessoires de sportifs ou destinés aux pratiquants de certains loisirs...).</p> <p>Parmi les critères du confort fonctionnel, figurent la qualité et l'utilité des objets utiles de l'environnement proche ou des moyens de transport, mais aussi des éléments de volume et de surface (surface et volume de logements, de jardin, d'espace verts proches, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>). Les critères sont donc qualitatifs et quantitatifs. Des éléments d'efficacité et d'efficience énergétiques peuvent aussi être pris en compte.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Confort_psychologique">Confort psychologique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Confort psychologique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>C'est l'autre dimension du <i>sentiment de confort</i>, qui n'est pas indépendante de la première, mais répond aussi à des critères propres.</p> <p>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychom%C3%A9trie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psychométrie">psychométrie</a> cherche ainsi à évaluer, qualifier et mesurer le <i>« confort décisionnel »</i>. Le confort décisionnel existe ou non (on parle alors d'inconfort décisionnel) chez les personnes ou groupes qui doivent par exemple enseigner, apprendre ou prendre une décision difficile (par exemple dans le domaine social, militaire, de la politique médicale...). Le confort décisionnel semble facilité par les processus de <i>décision partagée</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Exemples">Exemples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Exemples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg/170px-Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg/170px-Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg/255px-Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg/340px-Refrigerator_Liebherr_Comfort.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9frig%C3%A9rateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réfrigérateur">Réfrigérateur</a> dont le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nom_de_marque_lexicalis%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nom de marque lexicalisé">nom de marque</a> et de produit comprend le mot <i>confort</i>, qui peut être compris dans de nombreuses langues latines et anglosaxones. Le réfrigérateur fait désormais partie des éléments importants de <i>confort matériel</i> d'un logement. La notion de confort est un des arguments de vente invoqués par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publicit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publicité">publicité</a> et différentes formes de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marketing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marketing">marketing</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Case_Comfort_2000.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Case_Comfort_2000.jpg/170px-Case_Comfort_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1065"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Case_Comfort_2000.jpg/170px-Case_Comfort_2000.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Case_Comfort_2000.jpg/255px-Case_Comfort_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Case_Comfort_2000.jpg/340px-Case_Comfort_2000.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Des véhicules utilitaires tels que le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tracteur_agricole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tracteur agricole">tracteur agricole</a> sont également dotés d'éléments de confort, radio, air conditionné et filtré, sièges réglables et plus confortables, pilotage assisté, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG/170px-Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG/170px-Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG/255px-Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG/340px-Wohlfuehlpolster-Comfort_-_Schnitt.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Éléments de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literie">literie</a> destinés à améliorer le confort durant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sommeil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sommeil">sommeil</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg/170px-Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 255px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg/170px-Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg/255px-Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg/340px-Hydrosorb-comfort-hartmann.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La recherche en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergonomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ergonomie">ergonomie</a> vise aussi à améliorer certains <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dispositifs_m%C3%A9dicaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispositifs médicaux">dispositifs médicaux</a> (ici un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pansement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pansement">pansement</a>) pour améliorer le confort des soins et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patient?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patient">patient</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Il peut s'agir de :</p> <ul> <li><i>« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort_thermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confort thermique">Confort thermique</a> »</i>. Il est lié d'une part à la qualité de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isolation_thermique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isolation thermique">isolation thermique</a> et de l'inertie thermique du logement, et d'autre part au taux d'humidité ambiant (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hygrothermie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hygrothermie">confort hygrothermique</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il n'existe pas de lien direct entre <i>confort thermique</i> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Facture_%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Facture énergétique">facture énergétique</a> qui varie selon le contexte climatique et selon la qualité de l'environnement bâti (logement, bureau, atelier, conçu pour bénéficier ou non d'un chauffage et d'une climatisation plus ou moins <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bioclimatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioclimatique">bioclimatique</a>, active ou passive (alors <i>gratuite</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Haehnell95_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Haehnell95-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans le cas des maisons passives, le coût du confort thermique est intégralement intégré dans l'investissement initial ; il existe maintenant des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thermique_du_b%C3%A2timent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thermique du bâtiment">réglementations thermiques</a> visant à assurer un minimum de service en termes de chauffage, mais aussi à diminuer l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empreinte_%C3%A9cologique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empreinte écologique">empreinte écologique</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empreinte_%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empreinte énergétique">énergétique</a> du chauffage individuel ou collectif ;</li> <li><i>« confort au travail »</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qui est une réponse aux méfaits du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taylorisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taylorisme">taylorisme</a> et qui relève notamment de l'aménagement intérieur (éclairage, bruit, ventilation, confort thermohygrométrique, absence de contacts avec produits irritants, allergènes ou toxiques, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>), de l'ergonomie (du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poste_de_travail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poste de travail">poste de travail</a> (système <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homme">Homme</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Machine">machine</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interactions_homme-machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactions homme-machine">Interactions homme-machine</a>, outils réglables et/ou mieux adaptés à leur utilisation et utilisateurs, cheminements mieux conçus dans les bureaux, l'usine, les entrepôts, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr> ;<br> La notion de confort au travail relève plus largement de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychologie_industrielle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychologie industrielle">psychologie industrielle</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psychologie_environnementale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psychologie environnementale">psychologie environnementale</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pour l'employeur, il vise généralement aussi à limiter l'absentéisme, la fatigue de l'employé et le recours curatif à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9decine_du_travail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Médecine du travail">médecine du travail</a>, mais aussi à augmenter la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Productivit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Productivité">productivité</a><sup id="cite_ref-Productiv_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Productiv-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><i>« confort spatial » ;</i></li> <li><i>« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vie_priv%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vie privée">privacité</a> »</i> (<i>espace d'intimité</i> suffisant) ;</li> <li><i>« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qualit%C3%A9_de_l%27air_int%C3%A9rieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qualité de l'air intérieur">qualité de l'air intérieur</a> » ;</i></li> <li><i>« Confort visuel »</i> (éclairage à la fois suffisant et non éblouissant, éventuellement asservi à des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capteur_de_proximit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capteur de proximité">détecteurs de présence</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cellule_photo%C3%A9lectrique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cellule photoélectrique">de luminosité</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Champ_de_vision?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ de vision">champ de vision</a> non encombré, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>) ;</li> <li><i>« Confort acoustique relativement aux bruits produit par soi-même, par d'autres, par des machines, appareils ou véhicules, ou par l'environnement externe (ville, route, bruits du bâtiment, mer, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>) ;</i></li> <li><i>« Confort biomécanique »</i> ;</li> <li><i>«  Confort physique »</i> ;</li> <li><i>« Confort respiratoire »</i> ;</li> <li><i>« Confort de l’environnement et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poste_de_travail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poste de travail">poste de travail</a> »</i><sup id="cite_ref-ConfFonx97_p83_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ConfFonx97_p83-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Bien au-delà de l'ergonomie du mobilier, il dépend de facteurs microclimatique impliquant la température, l'hygrométrie et les courants d'air ou flux de ventilation assistée. Les odeurs, les bruits ou mouvements distrayants, la disponibilité en lieux et espaces de rangement adaptés, la proximité de lieux de rencontre conviviale avec les collègues, des cloisonnements qui respectent l'intimité visuelle et téléphonique, ainsi que le besoin de concentration de chacun, sans isoler, la qualité de la lumière (naturelle si possible), les qualités esthétiques et écologiques de l'environnement de travail, les conditions de propreté, d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hygi%C3%A8ne_et_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygiène et sécurité">hygiène et sécurité</a> sont autant d'éléments qui permettent d'apprécier l'environnement de travail<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Inégalités_face_au_confort"><span id="In.C3.A9galit.C3.A9s_face_au_confort"></span>Inégalités face au confort</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Inégalités face au confort" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Elles sont plus ou moins importantes selon les domaines et contextes. Diverses études ont montré des différences marquées selon :</p> <ul> <li>le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statut_social?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statut social">statut social</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richesse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richesse">richesse</a> (revenu), bien que la dépense énergétique dépende peu du revenu<sup id="cite_ref-Haehnell95_18-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Haehnell95-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Statut_religieux&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Statut religieux (page inexistante)">statut religieux</a>  ; certaines catégories de religieux font <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C5%93u_de_pauvret%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vœu de pauvreté">vœu de pauvreté</a>, refusant le confort pour vivre comme les plus <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pauvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauvre">pauvres</a> et parfois avec eux. D'autres y accordent moins d'importance ;</li> <li>la « naissance » et l'appartenance <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnique">ethnique</a> (notamment dans les contextes et périodes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial">coloniales</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esclavagiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Esclavagiste">esclavagistes</a> et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apartheid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>) ;</li> <li>le statut de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Travailleur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Travailleur">travailleur</a> : de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_industrielle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolution industrielle">révolution industrielle</a> à nos jours, les pays riches ont importé de grandes quantités de main-d'œuvre étrangère ou rurale. Le logement de ces travailleurs, notamment des étrangers et de leurs familles quand elles ont été acceptées (ex <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coron_(urbanisme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coron (urbanisme)">corons miniers</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marchands_de_sommeil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marchands de sommeil">marchands de sommeil</a> en France), a ainsi été souvent notoirement moins confortable que la moyenne des autres logements (à statut de métier et travail identique)<sup id="cite_ref-Taffin91_15-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Taffin91-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, de même dans les pays émergents ou pauvres pour les personnes participant à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exode_rural?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exode rural">exode rural</a> logements des souvent réduits à des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bidonville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bidonville">bidonvilles</a> très sommaires dans les pays pauvres. Dans les grandes villes les travailleurs étrangers pauvres ne trouvaient souvent à se loger que dans un patrimoine immobilier sommaire ou vétuste, où les charges de chauffage sont plus élevées, avec peu de chances d'accéder à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propriété">propriété</a>. En France, selon Claude Taffin<sup id="cite_ref-Taffin91_15-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Taffin91-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/INSEE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>, le confort des logements des travailleurs étrangers a beaucoup progressé dans les années 1980, mais avec dix ans de retard par rapport aux autres logements.</li> </ul> <p>Ces inégalités peuvent être aggravées dans certains contextes (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chocs_p%C3%A9troliers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chocs pétroliers">chocs pétroliers</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, guerres ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerres_civiles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerres civiles">guerres civiles</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>) et peuvent être plus ou moins fortement ressenties, le ressenti variant aussi avec les possibilités de comparer sa situation avec celle d'autrui<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Pour ce qui concerne le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logement">logement</a>, le domaine du « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logement_social?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logement social">logement social</a> » regroupe les efforts faits pour réduire ces inégalités<sup id="cite_ref-Taffin91_15-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Taffin91-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Liens_entre_aspects_physiques_et_sociopsychiques_du_confort">Liens entre aspects physiques et sociopsychiques du confort</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens entre aspects physiques et sociopsychiques du confort" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Ces deux domaines sont plus ou moins intriqués. Ils le sont dans des proportions influencées par la perception individuelles et collective du confort, qui peut, selon les époques et les contextes donner plus ou moins d'importance à son aspect matériel, ou à ses aspects sociopsychologiques.</p> <p>De très nombreuses pratiques de la vie courante (modes vestimentaire, mobilier de maison ou de bureau, postes de travail, port et habillement ou langage du bébé, véhicules, ou encore choix de la meilleure position pour le sommeil (de l'oreiller de plume à l'oreiller de bois dur) ou pour l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Accouchement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Accouchement">accouchement</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ont des dimensions socioculturelles fortes, que la mode et le commerce utilisent et influencent.</p> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Surpeuplement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Surpeuplement">surpeuplement</a> d'un lieu, le manque d'accès à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intimit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intimité">intimité</a> comptent parmi les critères d'inconfort<sup id="cite_ref-Taffin91_15-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Taffin91-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="La_notion_de_confort_dans_le_temps">La notion de confort dans le temps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La notion de confort dans le temps" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>Elle a évolué avec le temps :</p> <p>Le confort de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquité">Antiquité</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moyen_%C3%82ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moyen Âge">Moyen Âge</a>, souvent sommaire était <i>a priori</i> axé sur l'espace de vie. Le confort de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> semble donner un poids croissant à l'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ornement_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ornement (architecture)">ornementation</a></i> des objets, des vêtements et des lieux. Entre les deux guerres, le confort cible l'amélioration fonctionnelle de l'économie des corvées ménagères, puis la notion de confort au travail émerge et s'étend à des usages dits immatériels (ex : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergonomie_informatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergonomie informatique">ergonomie informatique</a>).</p> <p>Après la première guerre mondiale puis lors de la Reconstruction de la deuxième guerre mondiale, il est recherché dans les développements des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arts_m%C3%A9nagers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arts ménagers">Arts ménagers</a>. Le confort peut être assuré par plusieurs moyens dont la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domotique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domotique">domotique</a> et les robots (domaines en essor) mais aussi par des savoirs simples acquis au fil du temps et par l'évolution progressive des techniques que la science et l'ingénieur ont fait progresser (manipulation et gestion des flux et stocks d'eau, d'air, d'énergie), appareillages, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conservation_des_aliments?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conservation des aliments">conservation des aliments</a> et de la santé par un meilleur contrôle des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Microbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbe">microbes</a>, des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bact%C3%A9rie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bactérie">bactéries</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>).</p> <p>Le confort conserve une dimension philosophique liée au sens donné à la vie, à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autonomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autonomie">autonomie</a> et à l'accès au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bonheur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bonheur">bonheur</a> pour les humains.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ConfFonx97-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ConfFonx97_1-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ConfFonx97_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Gustave Nicolas Fischer, Jacqueline C. Vischer (1997) <i>L'évaluation des environnements de travail : la méthode diagnostique</i> ; De Boeck Supérieur, Presse de l'Université de Montréal, 260 p (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3DFh0CfW5NhMUC%26hl%3Dfr%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s">Extraits avec Google Book</a>)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Productiv-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Productiv_2-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Productiv_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Clements-Croom, Derek and Li Baizhan (2000) <i>Productivity and the Indoor Environment</i> ; Proceedings of Healthy Buildings, Vol.1</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">P Perrot (1995) <i>Le luxe: une richesse entre faste et confort <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> – <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</i> ; Éditions du Seuil</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Sparks, Kate, Brian Faragher, and Cary L. Cooper (2001), “<i>Well-being and occupational health in the 21st century workplace</i>, ” Journal of Occuaptional and Organizational Psychology , 74, no. 4 (Nov 2001)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Tutton, Elizabeth and Kate Seers (2003) <i>An exploration of the concept of comfort</i> ; Journal of Clinical Nursing . Vol. 12 : 689-696.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Craig Dilouie (2005) <i>Studies have found that significant percentages of office workers are dissatisfied with thermal comfort, lighting, and acoustics in their workplace.</i> Personal controls that save energy ; Energy User News (Avril 2005)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Heerwagen, Judith (), “<i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wbdg.org/resources/psychspace_value.php">Psychosocial Value of Space</a></i>”  ; Whole Building Design Guide, 20 février 2007</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Kolcaba, Katharine (2003)<i>. Comfort Theory and Practice : a vision for holistic health care and research</i> ; New York ; Springer</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">T. Moore, D.J. Carter, and A. Slater (2004), "<i>Preferences for Occupant- Controlled Office Lighting</i>" ; Summary published in <i>InformeDesign adapted from Lighting Research Technology</i> (Vol. 36, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Herman Miller (2007), “<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hermanmiller.com/hm/content/research_summaries/pdfs/wp_Personal_Control.pdf?,a10-">t’s All About Me: The Benefits of Personal Control at Work</a></i>” Herman Miller research summary</span></li> <li id="cite_note-LeGoff94-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LeGoff94_11-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LeGoff94_11-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LeGoff94_11-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Le Goff (1994), <i>l'invention du confort (naissance d'une forme sociale)</i> ; 215 (bibl.: 6 p.) ; <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-7297-0504-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-7297-0504-X"><span class="nowrap">2-7297-0504-X</span></a>)</small> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele%3DafficheN%26cpsidt%3D108986">http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=108986</a> Résumé INIST/CNRS]), consulté 201305-04</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Valérie Laurans, « <i>Logements et confort à Shanghai. L’exemple de Wanli, ensemble résidentiel modèle</i> », Perspectives chinoises, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 68, novembre-décembre 2001, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">37-46</span>, consulté 201305-04</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Valérie Laurans (2005 ), "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://perspectiveschinoises.revues.org/688">Shanghai : l’argument du confort pour déplacer les résidents urbains ; Le cas de Jianyeli, projet-pilote de restauration</a></i>" ; Varia ; (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://perspectiveschinoises.revues.org/688">résumé</a>) ; consulté 201305-04</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">James Ware and Charles Grantham (2003), "<i>The future of work: Changing patterns of workforce management and their impact on the workplace</i>." Journal of Facilities Management (Vol. 2, No. 2, Septembre 2003): 158</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Taffin91-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Taffin91_15-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Taffin91_15-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Taffin91_15-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Taffin91_15-3">d</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Taffin91_15-4">e</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr> Claude Taffin (1991), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.persee.fr/articleAsPDF/estat_0336-1454_1991_num_242_1_5564/article_estat_0336-1454_1991_num_242_1_5564.pdf">Le logement des étrangers en France</a></i> Économie et statistique ; <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 242, Avril 1991. <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">63-67</span> ; Doi:10.3406/estat.1991.5564 ; Accessible avec Persée </span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">France Legaré, Ian D. Graham, Annette M. O'Connor, James G. Dolan et Frédérique Bélanger-Ducharme (2003), <i>Prise de décision partagée : traduction et validation d'une échelle de confort décisionnel du médecin</i> ; Pédagogie médicale (Section : Concepts et Innovations), Vol.4, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4, Novembre 2003, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">216-222</span> ; DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/pmed:2003031">https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/pmed:2003031</a> 2003;4:216-222 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pedagogie-medicale.org/index.php?option%3Dcom_article%26access%3Ddoi%26doi%3D10.1051/pmed:2003031%26Itemid%3D129">résumé</a>), consulté 201305-04</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cchst.com/oshanswers/phys_agents/thermal_comfort.html">Confort thermique au bureau</a>, sur le site cchst.com, consulté le 8 novembre 2014</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Haehnell95-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Haehnell95_18-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Haehnell95_18-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Ibtissam Haehnell (1995), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.persee.fr/articleAsPDF/estat_0336-1454_1995_num_288_1_6007/article_estat_0336-1454_1995_num_288_1_6007.pdf">Confort thermique et facture énergétique</a></i> ; Économie et statistique, N°288-289, 1995. <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">115-127</span> ; doi : 10.3406/estat.1995.6007</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bazuin, Doug (2006) “<i>Worker Types, Worker Wants, Worker Comfort</i>” ; Herman Miller internal research report. (12 Jul 2006)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Université de Nanterre/La Défense (2013), Annonce d'un colloque international "<i>Le confort au travail ; Regards croisés de la psychologie environnementale et des sciences de gestion</i> ; organisé par le LAPPS et PRIMA ; Colloque (7 et 98 nov 2013)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Lang, Susan S. (2005), <i>Warm offices linked to higher productivity</i> ; Human Ecology, Vol. 32. (Mars 2005)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ConfFonx97_p83-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ConfFonx97_p83_22-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Gustave Nicolas Fischer, Jacqueline C. Vischer (1997) <i>L'évaluation des environnements de travail : la méthode diagnostique</i> ; De Boeck Supérieur, Presse de l'Université de Montréal, 260 p, voire page 183</span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Marie Lambert-Chan <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://affaires.lapresse.ca/economie/200901/06/01-680946-le-confort-au-travail-une-priorite.php">Le confort au travail, une priorité</a></i> ; article du journal canadien <i>La presse</i> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">François Clanché (1995) <i>Le confort des logements dessine aussi l'espace social</i> ; Économie et statistique ; Volume 288, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1 ; <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">91-114</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Haehnel I. et San N. (1989), « Modification du paysage énergétique dans les logements, suite aux deux chocs pétroliers », Insee Résultats, n° 7 et 8.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Ceren (1995), <i>L'Équipement énergétique des logements neufs et ce qu'en pensent leurs occupants</i>, rapport publié par le Centre d'études et de recherches économiques sur l'énergie en mars</span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">C Racinet, P Eymery, L Philibert, C Lucas (1999), <i>L'accouchement en position accroupie : Essai randomisé comparant la position accroupie à la position classique en phase d'expulsion</i> ; Journal de gynécologie obstétrique et biologie de la reproduction  ; vol. 28, n°3, pp. 263-270 (17 ref.) ; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele%3DafficheN%26cpsidt%3D1888198">Résumé avec cat.inist.fr</a>, consulté 2013-05-04</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/confort" class="extiw" title="wikt:confort">confort</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div style="column-width:17em;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Accessibilit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Accessibilité">Accessibilité</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Architecture_d%27int%C3%A9rieur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Architecture d'intérieur">Architecture d'intérieur</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bien-%C3%AAtre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bien-être">Bien-être</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Design?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Économie de service">Économie de service</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_la_fonctionnalit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Économie de la fonctionnalité">Économie de la fonctionnalité</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ergonomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ergonomie">Ergonomie</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_humain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice de développement humain">Indice de développement humain</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neuroscience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroscience">Neurosciences</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plaisir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plaisir">Plaisir</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Progr%C3%A8s_technique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Progrès technique">Progrès technique</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_classe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Première classe">Première classe</a> (transports)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santé">Santé</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satisfaction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satisfaction">Satisfaction</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zone_de_confort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zone de confort">Zone de confort</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.energieplus-lesite.be/index.php?id%3D9544">Confort</a>, sur le site energieplus-lesite.be</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wbdg.org/">Whole Building Design Guide</a>, sur le site wbdg.org, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-06-11" data-sort-value="2007-06-11">11 juin 2007</time>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Confort&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kolcaba, Katharine et M. Wykle (1996) <i>Comfort research: spreading comfort around the world</i>  ; Reflections: Sigma Theta Tau International, Vol. 23, : 12-13</li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la société"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/27px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/27px-Social_sciences.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="27" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/41px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/55px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Société">Portail de la société</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Commerce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du commerce"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Shopping_bag_ballonicon2.svg/24px-Shopping_bag_ballonicon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D9%2587" title="راحه – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راحه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confort" title="Confort – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Confort" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komfort" title="Komfort – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Komfort" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komfort" title="Komfort – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Komfort" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort" title="Comfort – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Comfort" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komforto" title="Komforto – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komforto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confort" title="Confort – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Confort" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4" title="آسایش – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسایش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort" title="Comfort – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Comfort" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2585%25B0%25E5%25AE%2589" title="慰安 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="慰安" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25A6%25E0%25B2%25BF" title="ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೆಮ್ಮದಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%258E%25B8%25EC%2595%2588" title="편안 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="편안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort_(kwaliteit)" title="Comfort (kwaliteit) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Comfort (kwaliteit)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confort" title="Confort – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Confort" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehat" title="Rehat – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rehat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komfort" title="Komfort – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Komfort" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awer%25C9%259Bkyekye" title="Awerɛkyekye – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Awerɛkyekye" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA" title="راحت – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راحت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2588%2592%25E9%2581%25A9" title="舒適 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="舒適" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 6 mars 2024 à 15:18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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