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</a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Roles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Roles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Roles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Embalmer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embalmer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Embalmer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embalmer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protector_of_tombs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protector_of_tombs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Protector of tombs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protector_of_tombs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guide_of_souls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guide_of_souls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Guide of souls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guide_of_souls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weigher_of_hearts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weigher_of_hearts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Weigher of hearts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weigher_of_hearts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayal_in_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayal_in_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Portrayal in art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayal_in_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Worship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Informational_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informational_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Informational notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informational_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anubis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoebis" title="Anoebis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Anoebis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="أنوبيس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنوبيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Անուբիս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անուբիս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B" title="অনুবিছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অনুবিছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="আনুবিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আনুবিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81" title="Анубіс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Анубіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анубис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анубис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨན་ནུའུ་པེ་སི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨན་ནུའུ་པེ་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анубис – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Анубис" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anup" title="Anup – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anup" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Άνουβις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνουβις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubo" title="Anubo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anubo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="آنوبیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنوبیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%BAbas" title="Anúbas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Anúbas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%88%84%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="아누비스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아누비스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Անուբիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անուբիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="अनूबिस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अनूबिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%BAbis" title="Anúbis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Anúbis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubi" title="Anubi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anubi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A1" title="אנוביס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנוביס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ანუბისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანუბისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анубис – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Анубис" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubiss" title="Anubiss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anubiss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubisz" title="Anubisz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anubisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анубис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Анубис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="അനൂബിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അനൂബിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ანუბისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანუბისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="انوبيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انوبيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯑꯅꯨꯕꯤꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯅꯨꯕꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анубис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Анубис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အနျူးဘစ်နတ်ဘုရား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အနျူးဘစ်နတ်ဘုရား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis_(god)" title="Anubis (god) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anubis (god)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis_(god)" title="Anubis (god) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Anubis (god)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8C%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9" title="アヌビス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アヌビス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%BAbis" title="Anúbis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anúbis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анубис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анубис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubbis" title="Anubbis – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Anubbis" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="آنوبيس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آنوبيس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anup" title="Anup – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anup" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ئەنوبیس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنوبیس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анубис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Анубис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="அனுபிஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அனுபிஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="อะนูบิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะนูบิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Анубис – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Анубис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81" title="Анубіс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анубіс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="آنوبیس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آنوبیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anubis" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anubis_(mitolohiya)" title="Anubis (mitolohiya) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Anubis (mitolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%AA%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF" title="阿努比斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿努比斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%AA%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF" title="阿努比斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿努比斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%AA%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF" title="阿努比斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿努比斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47534#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Egyptian god of funerary rites</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Egyptian god. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Anubis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Anubis (disambiguation)">Anubis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #DECD87;">Anubis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Anubis_standing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anubis_standing.svg/150px-Anubis_standing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anubis_standing.svg/225px-Anubis_standing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Anubis_standing.svg/300px-Anubis_standing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="750" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian pantheon">Egyptian god</a> Anubis,<br />(a modern rendition inspired by <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> tomb paintings)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43 [w]" alt="w" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E16.png?8a903" height="38" title="E16" alt="E16" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cult center</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asyut" title="Asyut">Lycopolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cynopolis" title="Cynopolis">Cynopolis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">Mummy gauze, <a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">fetish</a>, jackal, <a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">flail</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #DECD87;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Middle and New kingdom)</span>, or <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Old kingdom)</span>, or <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(disputed)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lévai_2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lévai_2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Offspring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #DECD87;">Equivalents</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Greek</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> <i>or</i> <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#decd87;;padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian religion">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#decd87;;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion"><span class="nowrap">Ancient Egyptian</span> religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eye of Horus"><img alt="Eye of Horus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/120px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg/250px-Eye_of_Horus_bw.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Beliefs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfet_(Egyptian_mythology)" title="Isfet (Egyptian mythology)">Isfet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pantheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian pantheon">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">list</a>)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-label="Navbox"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh and Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek and Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu and Naunet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">Triads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>A</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaset" title="Abaset">Abaset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari#Death_and_deification" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu#Legacy" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesh" title="Apesh">Apesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors of Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li></ul> <p><b>B</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beset" class="mw-redirect" title="Beset">Beset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li></ul> <p><b>C</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Ferryman" title="Celestial Ferryman">Celestial Ferrymana</a></li></ul> <p><b>D</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefhor" title="Djedefhor">Djedefhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duamutef" class="mw-redirect" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau</a></li></ul> <p><b>G</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengen-Wer" title="Gengen-Wer">Gengen-Wer</a></li></ul> <p><b>H</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Hapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmachis" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmachis">Harmachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsomtus" title="Harsomtus">Harsomtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henkhisesui" title="Henkhisesui">Henkhisesui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqaib#Legacy" title="Heqaib">Heqaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heru-ur">Heru-ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchai" title="Hutchai">Hutchai</a></li></ul> <p><b>I</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep#Deification" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imsety" class="mw-redirect" title="Imsety">Imsety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irer" title="Irer">Irer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li></ul> <p><b>J</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Ammon">Jupiter Ammon</a></li></ul> <p><b>K</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kagemni_I" title="Kagemni I">Kagemni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereduankh" title="Khereduankh">Khereduankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolanthes" title="Kolanthes">Kolanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li></ul> <p><b>M</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li></ul> <p><b>N</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Nepit</a></li></ul> <p><b>P</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep">Ptahhotep</a></li></ul> <p><b>Q</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qebehsenuef" class="mw-redirect" title="Qebehsenuef">Qebehsenuef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li></ul> <p><b>R</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt#Deity" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li></ul> <p><b>S</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjem" title="Sedjem">Sedjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehbui" title="Shehbui">Shehbui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li></ul> <p><b>T</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teka-her" title="Teka-her">Teka-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li></ul> <p><b>U</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li></ul> <p><b>W</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li></ul> <p><b>Y</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhekh" title="Akhekh">Akhekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Egypt" title="Sphinx">Criosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Set animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Characters</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djedi" title="Djedi">Djedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Locations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols and objects</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anra_scarab" title="Anra scarab">Anra scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowroid" title="Cowroid">Cowroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqtet_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seqtet boat">Seqtet boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun#Ancient_Egypt" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Songs_of_Isis_and_Nephthys" title="Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys">Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Coronation of the pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_festival" title="Min festival">Min festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Osiris" title="Mysteries of Osiris">Mysteries of Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opet_Festival" title="Opet Festival">Opet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#decd87;;border:1px solid #decd87;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related religions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Most_High_Goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Most High Goddess">Church of the Most High Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetic_Orthodoxy" title="Kemetic Orthodoxy">Kemetic Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion" title="Kushite religion">Kushite religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:transparent;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/20px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/40px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Template:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Template talk:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egyptian religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anubis</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/nj/: 'n' in 'new'">nj</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἄνουβις</span>), also known as <b>Inpu</b>, <b>Inpw</b>, <b>Jnpw</b>, or <b>Anpu</b> in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>: <span lang="cop">ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Coptic-language romanization"><i lang="cop-Latn">Anoup</i></span>), is the god of funerary rites, protector of graves, and guide to the <a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">underworld</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian religion</a>, usually depicted as a <a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">canine</a> or a man with a <a href="/wiki/Cynocephaly" title="Cynocephaly">canine head</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like many <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">ancient Egyptian deities</a>, Anubis assumed different roles in various contexts. Depicted as a protector of graves as early as the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2890 BC</span>), Anubis was also an <a href="/wiki/Embalming" title="Embalming">embalmer</a>. By the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> (c. 2055–1650 BC) he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a> in his role as lord of the <a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">underworld</a>. One of his prominent roles was as a <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">god who ushered souls into the afterlife</a>. He attended the <a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale" title="Weighing scale">weighing scale</a> during the "Weighing of the Heart", in which it was determined whether a soul would be allowed to enter the realm of the dead. Anubis is one of the most frequently depicted and mentioned gods in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Egyptian gods">Egyptian pantheon</a>; however, few major myths involved him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2004579_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston2004579-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anubis was depicted in black, a color that symbolized regeneration, life, the soil of the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile River</a>, and the discoloration of the corpse after embalming. Anubis is associated with <a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a>, another Egyptian god portrayed with a dog's head or in canine form, but with grey or white fur. Historians assume that the two figures were eventually combined.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGryglewski2002145_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGryglewski2002145-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anubis' female counterpart is <a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a>. His daughter is the serpent goddess <a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anubis_jackal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Anubis_jackal.svg/220px-Anubis_jackal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Anubis_jackal.svg/330px-Anubis_jackal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Anubis_jackal.svg/440px-Anubis_jackal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Anubis as a jackal perched atop a tomb, symbolizing his protection of the necropolis</figcaption></figure> <p>"Anubis" is a Greek rendering of this god's <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a> name.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoulterTurner200058_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoulterTurner200058-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AE.net_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE.net-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks in Egypt">Greeks arrived in Egypt</a>, around the 7th century BC, the god was known as <i>Anpu</i> or <i>Inpu.</i> The root of the name in ancient Egyptian language means "a royal child." <i>Inpu</i> has a root to "inp", which means "to decay." The god was also known as "First of the Westerners," "Lord of the Sacred Land," "He Who is Upon his Sacred Mountain," "Ruler of the Nine Bows," "The Dog who Swallows Millions," "Master of Secrets," "He Who is in the Place of Embalming," and "Foremost of the Divine Booth."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The positions that he had were also reflected in the titles he held such as "He Who Is upon His Mountain," "Lord of the Sacred Land," "Foremost of the Westerners," and "He Who Is in the Place of Embalming."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2686 BC</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2181 BC</span>), the standard way of writing his name in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> was composed of the sound signs <i><b>inpw</b></i> followed by a jackal<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over a <i><a href="/wiki/Hotep" title="Hotep">ḥtp</a></i> sign:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon1990164,_citing_[[#CITEREFFischer1968|Fischer_1968]],_p.&nbsp;84_and_[[#CITEREFLapp1986|Lapp_1986]],_pp.&nbsp;8–9_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon1990164,_citing_[[#CITEREFFischer1968|Fischer_1968]],_p.&nbsp;84_and_[[#CITEREFLapp1986|Lapp_1986]],_pp.&nbsp;8–9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43 [w]" alt="w" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C6.png?3af0c" height="38" title="C6" alt="C6" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> A new form with the jackal on a tall stand appeared in the late Old Kingdom and became common thereafter:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon1990164,_citing_[[#CITEREFFischer1968|Fischer_1968]],_p.&nbsp;84_and_[[#CITEREFLapp1986|Lapp_1986]],_pp.&nbsp;8–9_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon1990164,_citing_[[#CITEREFFischer1968|Fischer_1968]],_p.&nbsp;84_and_[[#CITEREFLapp1986|Lapp_1986]],_pp.&nbsp;8–9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43 [w]" alt="w" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E16.png?8a903" height="38" title="E16" alt="E16" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Anubis' name <i>jnpw</i> was possibly pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aˈna.pʰa(w)]</span>, based on Coptic <i>Anoup</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> transcription <span title="Middle Babylonian Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn"><span class="nowrap">⟨a-na-pa⟩</span></i></span> (<span title="Middle Babylonian Akkadian-language text"><span lang="akk"><span style="font-size:125%;font-family: lang=">𒀀𒈾𒉺</span></span></span>) in the name <ri-a-na-pa> "<a href="/wiki/Reanap" title="Reanap">Reanapa</a>" that appears in <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna letter</a> EA 315.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConder1894[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidOzIB5P77q8UCpgPA85_85]_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConder1894[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidOzIB5P77q8UCpgPA85_85]-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this transcription may also be interpreted as <i>rˁ-nfr</i>, a name similar to that of Prince <a href="/wiki/Ranefer" title="Ranefer">Ranefer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourth Dynasty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>In Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Dynastic Period of Egypt">Early Dynastic period</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2686 BC</span>), Anubis was portrayed in full animal form, with a "<a href="/wiki/African_golden_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="African golden wolf">jackal</a>" head and body.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A jackal god, probably Anubis, is depicted in stone inscriptions from the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a>, and other pharaohs of the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999280–81_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999280–81-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Predynastic Egypt">Predynastic Egypt</a>, when the dead were buried in shallow graves, jackals had been strongly associated with cemeteries because they were scavengers which uncovered human bodies and ate their flesh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_(burials_in_shallow_graves_in_Predynastic_Egypt)Freeman199791_(rest_of_the_information)_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_(burials_in_shallow_graves_in_Predynastic_Egypt)Freeman199791_(rest_of_the_information)-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the spirit of "fighting like with like," a jackal was chosen to protect the dead, because "a common problem (and cause of concern) must have been the digging up of bodies, shortly after burial, by jackals and other wild dogs which lived on the margins of the cultivation."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_("fighting_like_with_like"_and_"by_jackals_and_other_wild_dogs")_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_("fighting_like_with_like"_and_"by_jackals_and_other_wild_dogs")-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a>, Anubis was the most important god of the dead. He was replaced in that role by Osiris during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> (2000–1700 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199791_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199791-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Roman Egypt">Roman era</a>, which started in 30 BC, tomb paintings depict him holding the hand of deceased persons to guide them to Osiris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166–67_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166–67-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The parentage of Anubis varied between myths, times and sources. In early mythology, he was portrayed as a son of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198625_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198625-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a>, which were written in the <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="First Intermediate Period">First Intermediate Period</a> (c. 2181–2055 BC), Anubis is the son of either the cow goddess <a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a> or the cat-headed <a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198626_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198626-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another tradition depicted him as the son of Ra and <a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198625_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198625-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More commonly, however, he is recognized as the offspring of Osiris and Isis.In later periods, particularly during the Ptolemaic era, Anubis was sometimes described as the son of Isis and Serapis, a Hellenized form of Osiris designed to appeal to Egypt's growing Greek population.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> (c. 40–120 AD) reported a tradition that Anubis was the illegitimate son of Nephthys and Osiris, but that he was adopted by Osiris's wife <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGryglewski2002146_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGryglewski2002146-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For when Isis found out that Osiris loved her sister and had relations with her in mistaking her sister for herself, and when she saw a proof of it in the form of a garland of clover that he had left to Nephthys – she was looking for a baby, because Nephthys abandoned it at once after it had been born for fear of <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a>; and when Isis found the baby helped by the dogs which with great difficulties lead her there, she raised him and he became her guard and ally by the name of Anubis.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Hart_(Egyptologist)" title="George Hart (Egyptologist)">George Hart</a> sees this story as an "attempt to incorporate the independent deity Anubis into the <a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osirian pantheon</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198626_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198626-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Egyptian papyrus from the <a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Roman period</a> (30–380 AD) simply called Anubis the "son of Isis."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198626_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198626-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, Anubis was seen as the husband of his mother Nephthys.<sup id="cite_ref-Lévai_2007_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lévai_2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sousse_mosaic_calendar_November.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sousse_mosaic_calendar_November.JPG/250px-Sousse_mosaic_calendar_November.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sousse_mosaic_calendar_November.JPG/330px-Sousse_mosaic_calendar_November.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sousse_mosaic_calendar_November.JPG/500px-Sousse_mosaic_calendar_November.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a> in the November panel of a Roman mosaic calendar from Sousse, Tunisia.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic</a> period (350–30 BC), when Egypt became a <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic</a> kingdom ruled by Greek pharaohs, Anubis was merged with the <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> god <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, becoming <a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeacock2000437–38_(Hellenistic_kingdom)_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeacock2000437–38_(Hellenistic_kingdom)-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two gods were considered similar because they both <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">guided souls</a> to the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center of this <a href="/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)" title="Cult (religious practice)">cult</a> was in <i>uten-ha</i>/<i>Sa-ka</i>/ <a href="/wiki/Cynopolis" title="Cynopolis">Cynopolis</a>, a place whose Greek name means "city of dogs." In Book XI of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a>, there is evidence that the worship of this god was continued in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a> through at least the 2nd century. Indeed, Hermanubis also appears in the <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">hermetical</a> literature of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>. </p><p>Although the Greeks and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Romans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Romans">Romans</a> typically scorned Egyptian animal-headed gods as bizarre and primitive (Anubis was mockingly called "Barker" by the Greeks), Anubis was sometimes associated with <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a> in the heavens and <a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a> and Hades in the underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoerber1963269_(for_Cerberus_and_Hades)_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoerber1963269_(for_Cerberus_and_Hades)-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his dialogues, <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> often has <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> utter oaths "by the dog" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <i>kai me ton kuna</i>), "by the dog of Egypt", and "by the dog, the god of the Egyptians", both for emphasis and to appeal to Anubis as an arbiter of truth in the underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embalmer">Embalmer</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anubis_attending_the_mummy_of_Sennedjem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Anubis_attending_the_mummy_of_Sennedjem.jpg/250px-Anubis_attending_the_mummy_of_Sennedjem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Anubis_attending_the_mummy_of_Sennedjem.jpg/330px-Anubis_attending_the_mummy_of_Sennedjem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Anubis_attending_the_mummy_of_Sennedjem.jpg/500px-Anubis_attending_the_mummy_of_Sennedjem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>Anubis attending the <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummy</a> of the deceased.</figcaption></figure> <p>As <i>jmy-wt</i> (Imiut or the <a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a>) "He who is in the place of <a href="/wiki/Embalming" title="Embalming">embalming</a>", Anubis was associated with <a href="/wiki/Mummification" class="mw-redirect" title="Mummification">mummification</a>. He was also called <i>ḫnty zḥ-nṯr</i> "He who presides over the god's booth", in which "booth" could refer either to the place where embalming was carried out or the pharaoh's burial chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198623–24Wilkinson2003188–90_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198623–24Wilkinson2003188–90-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a>, Anubis helped Isis to embalm Osiris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199791_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199791-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, when the Osiris myth emerged, it was said that after Osiris had been killed by Set, Osiris's organs were given to Anubis as a gift. With this connection, Anubis became the patron god of embalmers; during the rites of mummification, illustrations from the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i> often show a wolf-mask-wearing priest supporting the upright mummy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protector_of_tombs">Protector of tombs</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1679" data-file-height="1116" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_Mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening of the Mouth">Opening of the Mouth</a> ceremony being performed on a mummy before the tomb. Anubis attending the <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummy</a> of the deceased. Extract from the Papyrus of <a href="/wiki/Hunefer" title="Hunefer">Hunefer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">19th-Dynasty</a> Book of the Dead (<abbr>c.</abbr> 1300 BC)</figcaption></figure> <p>Anubis was a protector of <a href="/wiki/Grave" title="Grave">graves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cemeteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Cemeteries">cemeteries</a>. Several epithets attached to his name in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_literature" title="Ancient Egyptian literature">Egyptian texts and inscriptions</a> referred to that role. <i><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenty-Amentiu</a></i>, which means "foremost of the westerners" and was also the name of a different <a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">canine funerary god</a>, alluded to his protecting function because the dead were usually buried on the west bank of the Nile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198623_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198623-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took other names in connection with his funerary role, such as <i>tpy-ḏw.f</i> (Tepy-djuef) "He who is upon his mountain" (i.e. keeping guard over tombs from above) and <i>nb-t3-ḏsr</i> (Neb-ta-djeser) "Lord of the sacred land", which designates him as a god of the desert <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198623–24Wilkinson2003188–90_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198623–24Wilkinson2003188–90-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jumilhac_papyrus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jumilhac papyrus (page does not exist)">Jumilhac papyrus</a> recounts another tale where Anubis protected the body of Osiris from Set. Set attempted to attack the body of Osiris by transforming himself into a <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a>. Anubis stopped and subdued Set, however, and he <a href="/wiki/Human_branding" title="Human branding">branded</a> Set's skin with a hot iron rod. Anubis then <a href="/wiki/Flaying" title="Flaying">flayed</a> Set and wore his skin as a warning against evil-doers who would desecrate the <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">tombs of the dead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmour2001_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmour2001-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Priests who attended to the dead wore leopard skin in order to commemorate Anubis' victory over Set. The legend of Anubis branding the hide of Set in leopard form was used to explain how the leopard got its spots.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZandee1960255_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZandee1960255-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most ancient tombs had prayers to Anubis carved on them.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guide_of_souls">Guide of souls</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BD_Hunefer_cropped_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BD_Hunefer_cropped_1.jpg/220px-BD_Hunefer_cropped_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BD_Hunefer_cropped_1.jpg/330px-BD_Hunefer_cropped_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/BD_Hunefer_cropped_1.jpg/440px-BD_Hunefer_cropped_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>The "weighing of the heart," from the book of the dead of <a href="/wiki/Hunefer" title="Hunefer">Hunefer</a>. Anubis is portrayed as guiding the deceased forward and manipulating the scales, under the scrutiny of the <a href="/wiki/Ibis" title="Ibis">ibis</a>-headed <a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the <a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">late pharaonic era</a> (664–332 BC), Anubis was often depicted as guiding individuals across the threshold from the world of the living to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion#Afterlife" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">afterlife</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinsley1989178Riggs2005166_("The_motif_of_Anubis,_or_less_frequently_Hathor,_leading_the_deceased_to_the_afterlife_was_well-established_in_Egyptian_art_and_thought_by_the_end_of_the_pharaonic_era.")_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinsley1989178Riggs2005166_("The_motif_of_Anubis,_or_less_frequently_Hathor,_leading_the_deceased_to_the_afterlife_was_well-established_in_Egyptian_art_and_thought_by_the_end_of_the_pharaonic_era.")-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though a similar role was sometimes performed by the cow-headed <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a>, Anubis was more commonly chosen to fulfill that function.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005127_and_166_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005127_and_166-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greek writers from the <a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Roman period</a> of Egyptian history designated that role as that of "<a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">psychopomp</a>", a Greek term meaning "guide of souls" that they used to refer to their own god <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, who also played that role in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Funerary_art#Ancient_Egypt_and_Nubia" title="Funerary art">Funerary art</a> from that period represents Anubis guiding either men or women dressed in Greek clothes into the presence of Osiris, who by then had long replaced Anubis as ruler of the underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005127–28_and_166–67_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005127–28_and_166–67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weigher_of_hearts">Weigher of hearts</h3></div> <p>One of the roles of Anubis was as the "Guardian of the Scales."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaulknerAndrewsWasserman2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLa9K8fp-BcMCdqanubisscalespgPA155_155]_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaulknerAndrewsWasserman2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLa9K8fp-BcMCdqanubisscalespgPA155_155]-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The critical scene depicting the weighing of the heart, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></i>, shows Anubis performing a measurement that determined whether the person was worthy of entering the realm of the dead (the <a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">underworld</a>, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></i>). By weighing the heart of a deceased person against <a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat"><i>ma'at</i></a>, who was often represented as an ostrich feather, Anubis dictated the fate of souls. Souls heavier than a feather would be devoured by <a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a>, and souls lighter than a feather would ascend to a heavenly existence.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayal_in_art">Portrayal in art</h2></div> <p>Anubis was one of the most frequently represented deities in <a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2004579_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston2004579-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is depicted in royal tombs as early as the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The god is typically treating a king's corpse, providing sovereign to mummification rituals and funerals, or standing with fellow gods at the <a href="/wiki/Weighing_of_the_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Weighing of the Heart">Weighing of the Heart of the Soul</a> in the Hall of Two Truths.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his most popular representations is of him, with the body of a man and the head of a jackal with pointed ears, standing or kneeling, holding a gold scale while a heart of the soul is being weighed against Ma'at's white truth feather.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valle_de_los_Reyes_1999_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Valle_de_los_Reyes_1999_04.jpg/250px-Valle_de_los_Reyes_1999_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Valle_de_los_Reyes_1999_04.jpg/330px-Valle_de_los_Reyes_1999_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Valle_de_los_Reyes_1999_04.jpg/500px-Valle_de_los_Reyes_1999_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Jackal head of Anubis in (<a href="/wiki/KV35" title="KV35">KV35</a>) the tomb of Amenophis II, Valley of the Kings.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Dynastic Period of Egypt">early dynastic period</a>, he was depicted in animal form, as a black canine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999263_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999263-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anubis's distinctive black color did not represent the animal, rather it had several symbolic meanings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198622_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198622-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It represented "the discolouration of the corpse after its treatment with <a href="/wiki/Natron" title="Natron">natron</a> and the smearing of the wrappings with a resinous substance during mummification."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198622_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198622-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being the color of the fertile <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">River Nile</a>, to Egyptians, black also symbolized fertility and the possibility of rebirth in the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198622Freeman199791_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198622Freeman199791-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a>, Anubis was often portrayed as a man with the head of a jackal.<sup id="cite_ref-Egyptianmyths.net_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egyptianmyths.net-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African jackal</a> was the species depicted and the template of numerous Ancient Egyptian deities, including Anubis.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An extremely rare depiction of him in <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">fully human form</a> was found in a chapel of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198622_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198622-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AE.net_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE.net-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anubis is often depicted wearing a ribbon and holding a <i>nḫ3ḫ3</i> "<a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">flail</a>" in the crook of his arm.<sup id="cite_ref-Egyptianmyths.net_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egyptianmyths.net-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another of Anubis's attributes was the <i>jmy-wt</i> or <a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">imiut fetish</a>, named for his role in embalming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999281_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999281-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In funerary contexts, Anubis is shown either attending to a deceased person's mummy or sitting atop a tomb protecting it. <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> tomb-seals also depict Anubis sitting atop the <a href="/wiki/Nine_bows" title="Nine bows">nine bows</a> that symbolize his domination over the enemies of Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003188–90_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003188–90-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anubis,_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek,_Copenhagen,_20220618_1030_6992.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Anubis"><img alt="Statue of Anubis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Anubis%2C_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek%2C_Copenhagen%2C_20220618_1030_6992.jpg/120px-Anubis%2C_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek%2C_Copenhagen%2C_20220618_1030_6992.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Anubis%2C_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek%2C_Copenhagen%2C_20220618_1030_6992.jpg/250px-Anubis%2C_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek%2C_Copenhagen%2C_20220618_1030_6992.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3728" data-file-height="5584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Anubis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KV17,_the_tomb_of_Pharaoh_Seti_I_of_the_Nineteenth_Dynasty,_Valley_of_the_Kings,_Egypt_(49845804653).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wall relief of Anubis in (KV17) the tomb of Seti I, 19th Dynasty, Valley of the Kings"><img alt="Wall relief of Anubis in (KV17) the tomb of Seti I, 19th Dynasty, Valley of the Kings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/KV17%2C_the_tomb_of_Pharaoh_Seti_I_of_the_Nineteenth_Dynasty%2C_Valley_of_the_Kings%2C_Egypt_%2849845804653%29.jpg/250px-KV17%2C_the_tomb_of_Pharaoh_Seti_I_of_the_Nineteenth_Dynasty%2C_Valley_of_the_Kings%2C_Egypt_%2849845804653%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/KV17%2C_the_tomb_of_Pharaoh_Seti_I_of_the_Nineteenth_Dynasty%2C_Valley_of_the_Kings%2C_Egypt_%2849845804653%29.jpg/330px-KV17%2C_the_tomb_of_Pharaoh_Seti_I_of_the_Nineteenth_Dynasty%2C_Valley_of_the_Kings%2C_Egypt_%2849845804653%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wall relief of Anubis in (<a href="/wiki/KV17" class="mw-redirect" title="KV17">KV17</a>) the tomb of Seti I, 19th Dynasty, Valley of the Kings</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThebanTomb335.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Isis, left, and Nephthys stand by as Anubis embalms the deceased, 13th century BC"><img alt="Fresco of a mummy lying on a bier. Women stand at the head and foot of the bier, while a winged woman kneels in the register above" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ThebanTomb335.png/250px-ThebanTomb335.png" decoding="async" width="167" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/ThebanTomb335.png/500px-ThebanTomb335.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="738" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>, left, and <a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a> stand by as Anubis embalms the deceased, 13th century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermitage_hall_100_-_Egyptian_hall_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anubis receiving offerings, hieroglyph name in third column from left, 14th century BC; painted limestone; from Saqqara (Egypt)"><img alt="Anubis receiving offerings, hieroglyph name in third column from left, 14th century BC; painted limestone; from Saqqara (Egypt)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hermitage_hall_100_-_Egyptian_hall_46.jpg/250px-Hermitage_hall_100_-_Egyptian_hall_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hermitage_hall_100_-_Egyptian_hall_46.jpg/330px-Hermitage_hall_100_-_Egyptian_hall_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anubis receiving offerings, <a href="/wiki/Hieroglyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyph">hieroglyph</a> name in third column from left, 14th century BC; painted limestone; from <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> (Egypt)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tutankhamun_jackal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Anubis Shrine; 1336–1327 BC; painted wood and gold; 1.1 × 2.7 × 0.52 m; from the Valley of the Kings; Egyptian Museum (Cairo)"><img alt="The Anubis Shrine; 1336–1327 BC; painted wood and gold; 1.1 × 2.7 × 0.52 m; from the Valley of the Kings; Egyptian Museum (Cairo)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tutankhamun_jackal.jpg/170px-Tutankhamun_jackal.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tutankhamun_jackal.jpg/255px-Tutankhamun_jackal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tutankhamun_jackal.jpg/340px-Tutankhamun_jackal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i><a href="/wiki/Anubis_Shrine" title="Anubis Shrine">Anubis Shrine</a></i>; 1336–1327 BC; painted wood and gold; 1.1 × 2.7 × 0.52 m; from the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Kings" title="Valley of the Kings">Valley of the Kings</a>; Egyptian Museum (Cairo)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anubis,_Anzio,_Villa_Pamphili,_1st-2nd_century_AD,_Pario_marble_-_Museo_Gregoriano_Egizio_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00818.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Hermanubis, c. 100–138 AD, from Rome[51]"><img alt="Statue of Hermanubis, c. 100–138 AD, from Rome[51]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Anubis%2C_Anzio%2C_Villa_Pamphili%2C_1st-2nd_century_AD%2C_Pario_marble_-_Museo_Gregoriano_Egizio_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00818.jpg/120px-Anubis%2C_Anzio%2C_Villa_Pamphili%2C_1st-2nd_century_AD%2C_Pario_marble_-_Museo_Gregoriano_Egizio_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00818.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Anubis%2C_Anzio%2C_Villa_Pamphili%2C_1st-2nd_century_AD%2C_Pario_marble_-_Museo_Gregoriano_Egizio_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00818.jpg/250px-Anubis%2C_Anzio%2C_Villa_Pamphili%2C_1st-2nd_century_AD%2C_Pario_marble_-_Museo_Gregoriano_Egizio_-_Vatican_Museums_-_DSC00818.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of Hermanubis, c. 100–138 AD, from <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_degli_Amorini_Dorati._Fresco._09.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Anubis, Harpocrates, Isis and Serapis, antique fresco in Pompeii, Italy"><img alt="Anubis, Harpocrates, Isis and Serapis, antique fresco in Pompeii, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Casa_degli_Amorini_Dorati._Fresco._09.JPG/250px-Casa_degli_Amorini_Dorati._Fresco._09.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Casa_degli_Amorini_Dorati._Fresco._09.JPG/330px-Casa_degli_Amorini_Dorati._Fresco._09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Casa_degli_Amorini_Dorati._Fresco._09.JPG/500px-Casa_degli_Amorini_Dorati._Fresco._09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anubis, <a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a>, antique fresco in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stela_of_Siamun_and_Taruy_worshipping_Anubis_MET_90.6.128_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stela of Siamun and Taruy worshipping Anubis"><img alt="Stela of Siamun and Taruy worshipping Anubis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Stela_of_Siamun_and_Taruy_worshipping_Anubis_MET_90.6.128_01.jpg/250px-Stela_of_Siamun_and_Taruy_worshipping_Anubis_MET_90.6.128_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Stela_of_Siamun_and_Taruy_worshipping_Anubis_MET_90.6.128_01.jpg/330px-Stela_of_Siamun_and_Taruy_worshipping_Anubis_MET_90.6.128_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Stela_of_Siamun_and_Taruy_worshipping_Anubis_MET_90.6.128_01.jpg/500px-Stela_of_Siamun_and_Taruy_worshipping_Anubis_MET_90.6.128_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1407" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stela of Siamun and Taruy worshipping Anubis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_King_with_Anubis,_Tomb_of_Haremhab_MET_DP234736.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The king with Anubis, from the tomb of Horemheb; 1323-1295 BC; tempera on paper; Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="The king with Anubis, from the tomb of Horemheb; 1323-1295 BC; tempera on paper; Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_King_with_Anubis%2C_Tomb_of_Haremhab_MET_DP234736.jpg/120px-The_King_with_Anubis%2C_Tomb_of_Haremhab_MET_DP234736.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/The_King_with_Anubis%2C_Tomb_of_Haremhab_MET_DP234736.jpg/250px-The_King_with_Anubis%2C_Tomb_of_Haremhab_MET_DP234736.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The king with Anubis, from the <a href="/wiki/KV57" title="KV57">tomb of Horemheb</a>; 1323-1295 BC; tempera on paper; Metropolitan Museum of Art</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anubis_Amulet_MET_DP109371.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anubis amulet; 664–30 BC; faience; height: 4.7 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Anubis amulet; 664–30 BC; faience; height: 4.7 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Anubis_Amulet_MET_DP109371.jpg/170px-Anubis_Amulet_MET_DP109371.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Anubis_Amulet_MET_DP109371.jpg/255px-Anubis_Amulet_MET_DP109371.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Anubis_Amulet_MET_DP109371.jpg/340px-Anubis_Amulet_MET_DP109371.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anubis amulet; 664–30 BC; faience; height: 4.7 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Recumbent_Anubis_MET_DP228716.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Recumbent Anubis; 664–30 BC; limestone, originally painted black; height: 38.1 cm, length: 64 cm, width: 16.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Recumbent Anubis; 664–30 BC; limestone, originally painted black; height: 38.1 cm, length: 64 cm, width: 16.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Recumbent_Anubis_MET_DP228716.jpg/170px-Recumbent_Anubis_MET_DP228716.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Recumbent_Anubis_MET_DP228716.jpg/255px-Recumbent_Anubis_MET_DP228716.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Recumbent_Anubis_MET_DP228716.jpg/340px-Recumbent_Anubis_MET_DP228716.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3909" data-file-height="2958" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Recumbent Anubis; 664–30 BC; limestone, originally painted black; height: 38.1 cm, length: 64 cm, width: 16.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statuette_of_Anubis_MET_38.5_EGDP022863.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statuette of Anubis; 332–30 BC; plastered and painted wood; 42.3 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art"><img alt="Statuette of Anubis; 332–30 BC; plastered and painted wood; 42.3 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Statuette_of_Anubis_MET_38.5_EGDP022863.jpg/113px-Statuette_of_Anubis_MET_38.5_EGDP022863.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Statuette_of_Anubis_MET_38.5_EGDP022863.jpg/170px-Statuette_of_Anubis_MET_38.5_EGDP022863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Statuette_of_Anubis_MET_38.5_EGDP022863.jpg/227px-Statuette_of_Anubis_MET_38.5_EGDP022863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statuette of Anubis; 332–30 BC; plastered and painted wood; 42.3 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship">Worship</h2></div> <p>Although he does not appear in many myths, he was extremely popular with Egyptians and those of other cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> linked him to their god Hermes, the god who guided the dead to the afterlife. The pairing was later known as <a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a>. Anubis was heavily worshipped because, despite modern beliefs, he gave the people hope. People marveled in the guarantee that their body would be respected at death, their soul would be protected and justly judged.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anubis had male priests who sported wood masks with the god's likeness when performing rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His cult center was at <a href="/wiki/Cynopolis" title="Cynopolis">Cynopolis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> but memorials were built everywhere and he was universally revered in every part of the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a>, Mandaean <a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">uthra</a> who weighs the souls of the dead to determine their fate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_mummy#Miscellaneous_animals" title="Animal mummy">Animal mummy § Miscellaneous animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anubias" title="Anubias">Anubias</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairava" title="Bhairava">Bhairava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_wolf_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Golden_wolf_2.jpg/220px-Golden_wolf_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Golden_wolf_2.jpg/330px-Golden_wolf_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Golden_wolf_2.jpg/440px-Golden_wolf_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf</a> was depicted as Anubis</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informational_notes">Informational notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">canid</a> which Anubis was modeled upon has frequently been stated to have been the <a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">golden jackal</a>, though the African variant of this animal present in Egypt was reclassified in 2015 as a separate species now known as the <a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf</a>, which was found to be more closely related to <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a> than to the jackal.<sup id="cite_ref-Koepfli-2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koepfli-2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some authors have opined that Anubis is more probably modeled after a <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">fox</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, ancient Greek texts about Anubis consistently refer to the deity as having the head of a dog rather than that of any wild canid, and there is still uncertainty as to what species represents Anubis. Therefore the Name and History section uses the names the original sources used but in quotation marks.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doxey, Denise (2001). <i>Anubis</i>. In: In D. Redford, ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Vol. I.Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lévai_2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lévai_2007_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lévai_2007_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLévai2007" class="citation book cs1">Lévai, Jessica (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C7vTAQAACAAJ&q=levai+jessica+aspects+of+nephthys"><i>Aspects of the Goddess Nephthys, Especially During the Graeco-Roman Period in Egypt</i></a>. UMI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403005225/https://books.google.com/books?id=C7vTAQAACAAJ&q=levai+jessica+aspects+of+nephthys">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Goddess+Nephthys%2C+Especially+During+the+Graeco-Roman+Period+in+Egypt&rft.pub=UMI&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vai&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC7vTAQAACAAJ%26q%3Dlevai%2Bjessica%2Baspects%2Bof%2Bnephthys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition</i>. Merriam-Webster, 2007. p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurner1993" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Alice K. (1993). <i>The History of Hell</i> (1st ed.). United States: <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Brace" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcourt Brace">Harcourt Brace</a>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-140934-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-140934-1"><bdi>978-0-15-140934-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Hell&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=13&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-15-140934-1&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Alice+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston2004579-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2004579_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2004579_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnston2004">Johnston 2004</a>, p. 579.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGryglewski2002145-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGryglewski2002145_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGryglewski2002">Gryglewski 2002</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoulterTurner200058-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoulterTurner200058_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoulterTurner2000">Coulter & Turner 2000</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE.net-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AE.net_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE.net_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021227200957/http://www.ancient-egypt.org/religion/gods/anubis.html">"Gods and Religion in Ancient Egypt – Anubis"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancient-egypt.org/religion/gods/anubis.html">the original</a> on 27 December 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gods+and+Religion+in+Ancient+Egypt+%E2%80%93+Anubis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancient-egypt.org%2Freligion%2Fgods%2Fanubis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Anubis/">"Anubis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Encyclopedia" title="World History Encyclopedia">World History Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520045846/https://www.worldhistory.org/Anubis/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anubis&rft.btitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FAnubis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.eb.com/levels/collegiate/article/Anubis/7931">"Anubis"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327135951/https://academic.eb.com/levels/collegiate/article/Anubis/7931">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Anubis&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.eb.com%2Flevels%2Fcollegiate%2Farticle%2FAnubis%2F7931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koepfli-2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Koepfli-2015_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoepfliPollingerGodinhoRobinson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; Schweizer, Rena M.; Thalmann, Olaf; Silva, Pedro; Fan, Zhenxin; Yurchenko, Andrey A.; Dobrynin, Pavel; Makunin, Alexey; Cahill, James A.; Shapiro, Beth; Álvares, Francisco; Brito, José C.; Geffen, Eli; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Johnson, Warren E.; o'Brien, Stephen J.; Van Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wayne, Robert K. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.06.060">"Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>25</b> (#16): <span class="nowrap">2158–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015CBio...25.2158K">2015CBio...25.2158K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.06.060">10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26234211">26234211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+Evidence+Reveals+that+African+and+Eurasian+Golden+Jackals+Are+Distinct+Species&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=%2316&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2158-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26234211&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.06.060&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015CBio...25.2158K&rft.aulast=Koepfli&rft.aufirst=Klaus-Peter&rft.au=Pollinger%2C+John&rft.au=Godinho%2C+Raquel&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=Lea%2C+Amanda&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+Sarah&rft.au=Schweizer%2C+Rena+M.&rft.au=Thalmann%2C+Olaf&rft.au=Silva%2C+Pedro&rft.au=Fan%2C+Zhenxin&rft.au=Yurchenko%2C+Andrey+A.&rft.au=Dobrynin%2C+Pavel&rft.au=Makunin%2C+Alexey&rft.au=Cahill%2C+James+A.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Beth&rft.au=%C3%81lvares%2C+Francisco&rft.au=Brito%2C+Jos%C3%A9+C.&rft.au=Geffen%2C+Eli&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Jennifer+A.&rft.au=Helgen%2C+Kristofer+M.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Warren+E.&rft.au=o%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.au=Van+Valkenburgh%2C+Blaire&rft.au=Wayne%2C+Robert+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cub.2015.06.060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborn, D. & Helmy, I. (1980). "Canis aureus lupaster (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833)". The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. pp. 360–371</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clutton-Brock, J. (1996). "Competitors, Companions, Status Symbols, or Pests: A Review of Human Associations with Other Carnivores". Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 348</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon1990164,_citing_[[#CITEREFFischer1968|Fischer_1968]],_p.&nbsp;84_and_[[#CITEREFLapp1986|Lapp_1986]],_pp.&nbsp;8–9-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon1990164,_citing_[[#CITEREFFischer1968|Fischer_1968]],_p.&nbsp;84_and_[[#CITEREFLapp1986|Lapp_1986]],_pp.&nbsp;8–9_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon1990164,_citing_[[#CITEREFFischer1968|Fischer_1968]],_p.&nbsp;84_and_[[#CITEREFLapp1986|Lapp_1986]],_pp.&nbsp;8–9_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeprohon1990">Leprohon 1990</a>, p. 164, citing <a href="#CITEREFFischer1968">Fischer 1968</a>, p. 84 and <a href="#CITEREFLapp1986">Lapp 1986</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConder1894[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidOzIB5P77q8UCpgPA85_85]-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConder1894[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidOzIB5P77q8UCpgPA85_85]_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConder1894">Conder 1894</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzIB5P77q8UC&pg=PA85">85</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P270941">"CDLI-Archival View"</a>. <i>cdli.ucla.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921002124/http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P270941">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cdli.ucla.edu&rft.atitle=CDLI-Archival+View&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdli.ucla.edu%2Fsearch%2Farchival_view.php%3FObjectID%3DP270941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999280–81-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999280–81_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, pp. 280–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_(burials_in_shallow_graves_in_Predynastic_Egypt)Freeman199791_(rest_of_the_information)-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_(burials_in_shallow_graves_in_Predynastic_Egypt)Freeman199791_(rest_of_the_information)_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, p. 262 (burials in shallow graves in Predynastic Egypt); <a href="#CITEREFFreeman1997">Freeman 1997</a>, p. 91 (rest of the information).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_("fighting_like_with_like"_and_"by_jackals_and_other_wild_dogs")-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999262_("fighting_like_with_like"_and_"by_jackals_and_other_wild_dogs")_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, p. 262 ("fighting like with like" and "by jackals and other wild dogs").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman199791-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199791_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman199791_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman1997">Freeman 1997</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166–67-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166–67_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiggs2005">Riggs 2005</a>, pp. 166–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198625-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198625_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198625_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart1986">Hart 1986</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198626-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198626_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198626_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198626_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart1986">Hart 1986</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilfong,Terry G.(2015), <i>Death Dogs: The Jackal Gods of Ancient Egypt</i>. Kelsey Museum Publication 11. Ann Arbor: Kelsey Museum of Archaeology. pp.50-51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGryglewski2002146-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGryglewski2002146_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGryglewski2002">Gryglewski 2002</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeacock2000437–38_(Hellenistic_kingdom)-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeacock2000437–38_(Hellenistic_kingdom)_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeacock2000">Peacock 2000</a>, pp. 437–38 (Hellenistic kingdom).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194619/http://www.babylon.com/definition/Hermanubis/English">"Hermanubis | English | Dictionary & Translation by Babylon"</a>. Babylon.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.babylon.com/definition/Hermanubis/English">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hermanubis+%26%23124%3B+English+%26%23124%3B+Dictionary+%26+Translation+by+Babylon&rft.pub=Babylon.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.babylon.com%2Fdefinition%2FHermanubis%2FEnglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005166_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiggs2005">Riggs 2005</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoerber1963269_(for_Cerberus_and_Hades)-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoerber1963269_(for_Cerberus_and_Hades)_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoerber1963">Hoerber 1963</a>, p. 269 (for Cerberus and Hades).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Gorgias_(dialogue)" title="Gorgias (dialogue)">Gorgias</a></i>, 482b (<a href="#CITEREFBlackwoodCrossettLong1962">Blackwood, Crossett & Long 1962</a>, p. 318), or <i><a href="/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republic (Plato)">The Republic</a></i>, 399e, 567e, 592a (<a href="#CITEREFHoerber1963">Hoerber 1963</a>, p. 268).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198623–24Wilkinson2003188–90-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198623–24Wilkinson2003188–90_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198623–24Wilkinson2003188–90_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart1986">Hart 1986</a>, pp. 23–24; <a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson 2003</a>, pp. 188–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVischak2014" class="citation book cs1">Vischak, Deborah (27 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_bqZBAAAQBAJ&q=tpy%20Dw%20f&pg=PA262"><i>Community and Identity in Ancient Egypt: The Old Kingdom Cemetery at Qubbet el-Hawa</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107027602" title="Special:BookSources/9781107027602"><bdi>9781107027602</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Community+and+Identity+in+Ancient+Egypt%3A+The+Old+Kingdom+Cemetery+at+Qubbet+el-Hawa&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014-10-27&rft.isbn=9781107027602&rft.aulast=Vischak&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_bqZBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtpy%2520Dw%2520f%26pg%3DPA262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198623-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198623_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart1986">Hart 1986</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmour2001-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmour2001_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArmour2001">Armour 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZandee1960255-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZandee1960255_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZandee1960">Zandee 1960</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/anubis.htm">"The Gods of Ancient Egypt – Anubis"</a>. touregypt.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180907052820/http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/anubis.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gods+of+Ancient+Egypt+%E2%80%93+Anubis&rft.pub=touregypt.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.touregypt.net%2Fgodsofegypt%2Fanubis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinsley1989178Riggs2005166_("The_motif_of_Anubis,_or_less_frequently_Hathor,_leading_the_deceased_to_the_afterlife_was_well-established_in_Egyptian_art_and_thought_by_the_end_of_the_pharaonic_era.")-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinsley1989178Riggs2005166_("The_motif_of_Anubis,_or_less_frequently_Hathor,_leading_the_deceased_to_the_afterlife_was_well-established_in_Egyptian_art_and_thought_by_the_end_of_the_pharaonic_era.")_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKinsley1989">Kinsley 1989</a>, p. 178; <a href="#CITEREFRiggs2005">Riggs 2005</a>, p. 166 ("The motif of Anubis, or less frequently Hathor, leading the deceased to the afterlife was well-established in Egyptian art and thought by the end of the pharaonic era.").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005127_and_166-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005127_and_166_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiggs2005">Riggs 2005</a>, pp. 127 and 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiggs2005127–28_and_166–67-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiggs2005127–28_and_166–67_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiggs2005">Riggs 2005</a>, pp. 127–28 and 166–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaulknerAndrewsWasserman2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLa9K8fp-BcMCdqanubisscalespgPA155_155]-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaulknerAndrewsWasserman2008[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidLa9K8fp-BcMCdqanubisscalespgPA155_155]_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFaulknerAndrewsWasserman2008">Faulkner, Andrews & Wasserman 2008</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=La9K8fp-BcMC&dq=anubis+scales&pg=PA155">155</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/young_explorers/discover/museum_explorer/ancient_egypt/death/weighing_the_heart.aspx">"Museum Explorer / Death in Ancient Egypt – Weighing the heart"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151011154408/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/young_explorers/discover/museum_explorer/ancient_egypt/death/weighing_the_heart.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+Explorer+%2F+Death+in+Ancient+Egypt+%E2%80%93+Weighing+the+heart&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fyoung_explorers%2Fdiscover%2Fmuseum_explorer%2Fancient_egypt%2Fdeath%2Fweighing_the_heart.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/p/book_of_the_dead_of_ani.aspx">"Gods of Ancient Egypt: Anubis"</a>. Britishmuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031115200/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/p/book_of_the_dead_of_ani.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gods+of+Ancient+Egypt%3A+Anubis&rft.pub=Britishmuseum.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fhighlights%2Fhighlight_objects%2Faes%2Fp%2Fbook_of_the_dead_of_ani.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999263-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999263_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198622-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198622_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198622_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198622_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart1986">Hart 1986</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart198622Freeman199791-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart198622Freeman199791_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart1986">Hart 1986</a>, p. 22; <a href="#CITEREFFreeman1997">Freeman 1997</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Egyptianmyths.net-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Egyptianmyths.net_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Egyptianmyths.net_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptianmyths.net/anubis.htm">"Ancient Egypt: the Mythology – Anubis"</a>. Egyptianmyths.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181217043136/http://www.egyptianmyths.net/anubis.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egypt%3A+the+Mythology+%E2%80%93+Anubis&rft.pub=Egyptianmyths.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egyptianmyths.net%2Fanubis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRemler,_P.2010" class="citation book cs1">Remler, P. (2010). <i>Egyptian Mythology, A to Z</i>. Infobase Publishing. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1438131801" title="Special:BookSources/978-1438131801"><bdi>978-1438131801</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Mythology%2C+A+to+Z&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1438131801&rft.au=Remler%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999281-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson1999281_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson1999">Wilkinson 1999</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003188–90-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2003188–90_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2003">Wilkinson 2003</a>, pp. 188–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2018" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Price (2018). <i>Ancient Egypt - Pocket Museum</i>. Thames & Hudson. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51984-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51984-4"><bdi>978-0-500-51984-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egypt+-+Pocket+Museum&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-500-51984-4&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Price&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArmour2001" class="citation cs2">Armour, Robert A. 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(2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completegodsgodd00wilk_0"><i>The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt</i></a>, London: Thames & Hudson, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05120-7"><bdi>978-0-500-05120-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Gods+and+Goddesses+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-500-05120-7&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletegodsgodd00wilk_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1999" class="citation cs2">Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (1999), <i>Early Dynastic Egypt</i>, London: Routledge</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Dynastic+Egypt&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby+A.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZandee1960" class="citation cs2">Zandee, Jan (1960), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DLo3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA225"><i>Death as an Enemy: According to Ancient Egyptian Conceptions</i></a>, Brill Archive, GGKEY:A7N6PJCAF5Q</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+as+an+Enemy%3A+According+to+Ancient+Egyptian+Conceptions&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Zandee&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDLo3AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuquesne2005" class="citation book cs1">Duquesne, Terence (2005). <i>The Jackal Divinities of Egypt I</i>. Darengo Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-871266-24-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-871266-24-5"><bdi>978-1-871266-24-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jackal+Divinities+of+Egypt+I&rft.pub=Darengo+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-871266-24-5&rft.aulast=Duquesne&rft.aufirst=Terence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEl-SadeekAbdel_Razek2007" class="citation book cs1">El-Sadeek, Wafaa; Abdel Razek, Sabah (2007). <i>Anubis, Upwawet, and Other Deities: Personal Worship and Official Religion in Ancient Egypt</i>. American University in Cairo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-437-231-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-437-231-5"><bdi>978-977-437-231-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anubis%2C+Upwawet%2C+and+Other+Deities%3A+Personal+Worship+and+Official+Religion+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-977-437-231-5&rft.aulast=El-Sadeek&rft.aufirst=Wafaa&rft.au=Abdel+Razek%2C+Sabah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrenier1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grenier, J.-C. (1977). <i>Anubis alexandrin et romain</i> (in French). E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-04917-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-04917-8"><bdi>978-90-04-04917-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anubis+alexandrin+et+romain&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-90-04-04917-8&rft.aulast=Grenier&rft.aufirst=J.-C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnubis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anubis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Anubis">Anubis</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Anubis" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Anubis"><i>Anubis</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Egyptian_religion506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Template talk:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egyptian_religion_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egyptian religion footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Egyptian_religion506" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egyptian religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_afterlife_beliefs" title="Ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths" title="Ancient Egyptian creation myths">Creation myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfet_(Egyptian_mythology)" title="Isfet (Egyptian mythology)">Isfet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maa_Kheru" title="Maa Kheru">Maa Kheru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Egyptian_mythology" title="Numbers in Egyptian mythology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris_myth" title="Osiris myth">Osiris myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy" title="Ancient Egyptian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Djed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/175px-Djed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/263px-Djed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Djed.svg/350px-Djed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canopic_jar" title="Canopic jar">Canopic jars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritual_of_Embalming_Papyrus" title="The Ritual of Embalming Papyrus">Embalming ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_funerary_practices" title="Ancient Egyptian funerary practices">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_temple" title="Mortuary temple">Mortuary temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Offering formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">Opening of the mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">Deities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ogdoad_(Egyptian)" title="Ogdoad (Egyptian)">Ogdoad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amunet" title="Amunet">Amunet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heh_(god)" title="Heh (god)">Heh and Hauhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kek_(mythology)" title="Kek (mythology)">Kek and Kauket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_(mythology)" title="Nu (mythology)">Nu and Naunet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Ennead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geb" title="Geb">Geb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Shu (Egyptian god)">Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnut" title="Tefnut">Tefnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Triad_(religion)" title="Triad (religion)">Triads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine#Elephantine_triad" title="Elephantine">Elephantine Triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Triad" title="Theban Triad">Theban Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>A</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aani" title="Aani">Aani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aati" title="Aati">Aati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaset" title="Abaset">Abaset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtu" title="Abtu">Abtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose-Nefertari#Death_and_deification" title="Ahmose-Nefertari">Ahmose-Nefertari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(deity)" title="Aker (deity)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhty_(deity)" title="Akhty (deity)">Akhty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu#Legacy" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesemi" title="Amesemi">Amesemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am-heh" title="Am-heh">Am-heh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammit" title="Ammit">Ammit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu-Aa" title="Amu-Aa">Amu-Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjety" title="Andjety">Andjety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anput" title="Anput">Anput</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuket" title="Anuket">Anuket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apedemak" title="Apedemak">Apedemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apep" title="Apep">Apep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apesh" title="Apesh">Apesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqen" title="Aqen">Aqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arensnuphis" title="Arensnuphis">Arensnuphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_(deity)" title="Ash (deity)">Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assessors_of_Maat" title="Assessors of Maat">Assessors of Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><b>B</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalat_Gebal" title="Baalat Gebal">Baalat Gebal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_(mythology)" title="Babi (mythology)">Babi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba-Pef" title="Ba-Pef">Ba-Pef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_(goddess)" title="Bat (goddess)">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bata_(god)" title="Bata (god)">Bata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beset" class="mw-redirect" title="Beset">Beset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a></li> <li><b>C</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavern_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Cavern deities of the underworld">Cavern deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Ferryman" title="Celestial Ferryman">Celestial Ferryman</a></li> <li><b>D</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedun" title="Dedun">Dedun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus-Osiris" title="Dionysus-Osiris">Dionysus-Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefhor" title="Djedefhor">Djedefhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duamutef" class="mw-redirect" title="Duamutef">Duamutef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duau_(god)" title="Duau (god)">Duau</a></li> <li><b>G</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_deities_of_the_underworld" title="Gate deities of the underworld">Gate deities of the underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengen-Wer" title="Gengen-Wer">Gengen-Wer</a></li> <li><b>H</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_(mythology)" title="Ha (mythology)">Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapi_(Nile_god)" title="Hapi (Nile god)">Hapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sons_of_Horus" title="Four sons of Horus">Hapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmachis" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmachis">Harmachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsomtus" title="Harsomtus">Harsomtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmehit" title="Hatmehit">Hatmehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauron" title="Hauron">Hauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedetet" title="Hedetet">Hedetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjhotep" title="Hedjhotep">Hedjhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heka_(god)" title="Heka (god)">Heka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemen" title="Hemen">Hemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsut" title="Hemsut">Hemsut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henet" title="Henet">Henet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henkhisesui" title="Henkhisesui">Henkhisesui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqaib#Legacy" title="Heqaib">Heqaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heqet" title="Heqet">Heqet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanubis" title="Hermanubis">Hermanubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heru-ur">Heru-ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heryshaf" title="Heryshaf">Heryshaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesat" title="Hesat">Hesat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_(mythology)" title="Hu (mythology)">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchai" title="Hutchai">Hutchai</a></li> <li><b>I</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iabet" title="Iabet">Iabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iah" title="Iah">Iah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iat" title="Iat">Iat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igai_(deity)" title="Igai (deity)">Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhemu-sek" title="Ikhemu-sek">Ikhemu-sek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imentet" title="Imentet">Imentet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imhotep#Deification" title="Imhotep">Imhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imsety" class="mw-redirect" title="Imsety">Imsety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipy_(goddess)" title="Ipy (goddess)">Ipy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irer" title="Irer">Irer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iunit" title="Iunit">Iunit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iusaaset" title="Iusaaset">Iusaaset</a></li> <li><b>J</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Ammon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Ammon">Jupiter Ammon</a></li> <li><b>K</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagemni_I" title="Kagemni I">Kagemni I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebechet" title="Kebechet">Kebechet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khensit" title="Khensit">Khensit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenti-kheti" title="Khenti-kheti">Khenti-kheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepri" title="Khepri">Khepri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khereduankh" title="Khereduankh">Khereduankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherty" title="Kherty">Kherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolanthes" title="Kolanthes">Kolanthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li> <li><b>M</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maahes" title="Maahes">Maahes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafdet" title="Mafdet">Mafdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandulis" title="Mandulis">Mandulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed" title="Medjed">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehen" title="Mehen">Mehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehet-Weret" title="Mehet-Weret">Mehet-Weret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehit" title="Mehit">Mehit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhit" title="Menhit">Menhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meret" title="Meret">Meret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretseger" title="Meretseger">Meretseger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhenet" title="Meskhenet">Meskhenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_(god)" title="Min (god)">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnevis" title="Mnevis">Mnevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montu" title="Montu">Montu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a></li> <li><b>N</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebethetepet" title="Nebethetepet">Nebethetepet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebtuwi" title="Nebtuwi">Nebtuwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefertem" title="Nefertem">Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehebkau" title="Nehebkau">Nehebkau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehmetawy" title="Nehmetawy">Nehmetawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neith" title="Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemty" title="Nemty">Nemty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper_(mythology)" title="Neper (mythology)">Nepit</a></li> <li><b>P</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakhet" title="Pakhet">Pakhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perit_(goddess)" title="Perit (goddess)">Perit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petbe" title="Petbe">Petbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahhotep" title="Ptahhotep">Ptahhotep</a></li> <li><b>Q</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebehsenuef" class="mw-redirect" title="Qebehsenuef">Qebehsenuef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qebui" title="Qebui">Qebui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qed-her" title="Qed-her">Qed-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li> <li><b>R</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raet-Tawy" title="Raet-Tawy">Raet-Tawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhyt#Deity" title="Rekhyt">Rekhyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rem_(mythology)" title="Rem (mythology)">Rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renenutet" title="Renenutet">Renenutet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpet" title="Renpet">Renpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renpetneferet" title="Renpetneferet">Renpetneferet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repyt" title="Repyt">Repyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li> <li><b>S</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sah_(god)" title="Sah (god)">Sah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satis_(goddess)" title="Satis (goddess)">Satis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebiumeker" title="Sebiumeker">Sebiumeker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjem" title="Sedjem">Sedjem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seker" title="Seker">Seker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serapis" title="Serapis">Serapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serket" title="Serket">Serket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshat" title="Seshat">Seshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai" title="Shai">Shai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(deity)" title="Shed (deity)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehbui" title="Shehbui">Shehbui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesmetet" title="Shesmetet">Shesmetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shezmu" title="Shezmu">Shezmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sia_(god)" title="Sia (god)">Sia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdet" title="Sopdet">Sopdet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopdu" title="Sopdu">Sopdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a></li> <li><b>T</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta-Bitjet" title="Ta-Bitjet">Ta-Bitjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatenen" title="Tatenen">Tatenen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taweret" title="Taweret">Taweret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayt" title="Tayt">Tayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teka-her" title="Teka-her">Teka-her</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjenenyet" title="Tjenenyet">Tjenenyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(Egyptian_god)" title="Tutu (Egyptian god)">Tutu</a></li> <li><b>U</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unut" title="Unut">Unut</a></li> <li><b>W</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadj-wer" title="Wadj-wer">Wadj-wer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(Egyptian_deity)" title="Weneg (Egyptian deity)">Weneg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepwawet" title="Wepwawet">Wepwawet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werethekau" title="Werethekau">Werethekau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wosret" title="Wosret">Wosret</a></li> <li><b>Y</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Egyptian legendary creatures">Creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhekh" title="Akhekh">Akhekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx#Egypt" title="Sphinx">Criosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin" title="Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieracosphinx" title="Hieracosphinx">Hieracosphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medjed_(fish)" title="Medjed (fish)">Medjed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpopard" title="Serpopard">Serpopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Set_animal" title="Set animal">Sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">Sphinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">Uraeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djadjaemankh" title="Djadjaemankh">Djadjaemankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedi" title="Djedi">Djedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaoner" title="Ubaoner">Ubaoner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaru" title="Aaru">Aaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhet_(hieroglyph)" title="Akhet (hieroglyph)">Akhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benben" title="Benben">Benben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duat" title="Duat">Duat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Manu" title="Land of Manu">Land of Manu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Indestructibles" title="The Indestructibles">The Indestructibles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_symbols" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian symbols">Symbols<br />and objects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">Ankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anra_scarab" title="Anra scarab">Anra scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atef" title="Atef">Atef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">Cartouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_mummy" title="Corn mummy">Corn mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowroid" title="Cowroid">Cowroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_and_flail" title="Crook and flail">Crook and flail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_justification" title="Crown of justification">Crown of justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">Deshret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djed" title="Djed">Djed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_obelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian obelisk">Egyptian obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pool" title="Egyptian pool">Egyptian pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Horus" title="Eye of Horus">Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_of_Ra" title="Eye of Ra">Eye of Ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemhem_crown" title="Hemhem crown">Hemhem crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennu" title="Hennu">Hennu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horus_on_the_Crocodiles" title="Horus on the Crocodiles">Horus on the Crocodiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocephalus" title="Hypocephalus">Hypocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiut_fetish" title="Imiut fetish">Imiut fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">Khepresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneph" title="Kneph">Kneph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menat" title="Menat">Menat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modius_(headdress)" title="Modius (headdress)">Modius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebu">Nebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">Nemes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshmet" title="Neshmet">Neshmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Pschent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">Serekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_ring" title="Shen ring">Shen ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_barque" title="Solar barque">Solar barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyet" title="Tyet">Tyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulture_crown" title="Vulture crown">Vulture crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_sun#Ancient_Egypt" title="Winged sun">Winged sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Egyptian_texts" title="Category:Ancient Egyptian texts">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Amduat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Breathing" title="Books of Breathing">Books of Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Caverns" title="Book of Caverns">Book of Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Earth" title="Book of the Earth">Book of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Gates" title="Book of Gates">Book of Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Heavenly_Cow" title="Book of the Heavenly Cow">Book of the Heavenly Cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Traversing_Eternity" title="Book of Traversing Eternity">Book of Traversing Eternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Texts" title="Coffin Texts">Coffin Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enigmatic_Book_of_the_Netherworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld">Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Songs_of_Isis_and_Nephthys" title="Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys">Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hymn_to_the_Aten" title="Great Hymn to the Aten">Great Hymn to the Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Eye_of_Horus" title="Litany of the Eye of Horus">Litany of the Eye of Horus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_Re" title="Litany of Re">Litany of Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Texts" title="Pyramid Texts">Pyramid Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_of_the_Twelve_Caves" title="Spell of the Twelve Caves">Spell of the Twelve Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contendings_of_Horus_and_Seth" title="The Contendings of Horus and Seth">The Contendings of Horus and Seth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Category:Festivals in ancient Egypt">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Festival_of_the_Valley" title="Beautiful Festival of the Valley">Beautiful Festival of the Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">Cattle count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">Coronation of the pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_festival" title="Min festival">Min festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Osiris" title="Mysteries of Osiris">Mysteries of Osiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opet_Festival" title="Opet Festival">Opet Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#decd87;width:1%">Related religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Most_High_Goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Most High Goddess">Church of the Most High Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetic_Orthodoxy" title="Kemetic Orthodoxy">Kemetic Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushite_religion" title="Kushite religion">Kushite religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Set" title="Temple of Set">Temple of Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#decd87"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/20px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/40px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1144" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47534#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1144" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47534#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/218159234">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24154257827024150845">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118649752">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018153911">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12264465p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12264465p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007295575605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118649752">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031428800">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a 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data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mythology">Mythology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/40px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/60px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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[\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary-inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dbbdd594f-s6kwf","timestamp":"20250405211027","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Anubis","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anubis","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q47534","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q47534","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T15:43:11Z","dateModified":"2025-03-30T23:34:53Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6d\/Anubis_standing.svg","headline":"Egyptian deity of mummification and the afterlife, usually depicted as a man with a canine head"}</script> </body> </html>