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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-采矿的步骤" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#采矿的步骤"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>采矿的步骤</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-采矿的步骤-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-采矿技术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#采矿技术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>采矿技术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-采矿技术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-选矿" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#选矿"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>选矿</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-选矿-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-环境影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#环境影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>环境影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-环境影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-采矿事业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#采矿事业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>采矿事业</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-采矿事业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-采矿人员" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#采矿人员"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>采矿人员</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-采矿人员-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-矿山设计软件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#矿山设计软件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>矿山设计软件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-矿山设计软件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-矿山机械" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#矿山机械"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>矿山机械</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-矿山机械-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-安全问题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#安全问题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>安全问题</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-安全问题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-废弃的矿井" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#废弃的矿井"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>废弃的矿井</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-废弃的矿井-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>參考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">采矿业</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。86种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynbou" title="Mynbou – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mynbou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergbau" title="Bergbau – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bergbau" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تعدين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="تامنجميت – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تامنجميت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99d%C9%99n" title="Mədən – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mədən" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Тау эше – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тау эше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Горная справа – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Горная справа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Горная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8" title="খনন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খনন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengleuz" title="Mengleuz – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mengleuz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineria" title="Mineria – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mineria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%99_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎦᏙ ᎦᎴᏍᏗ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏙ ᎦᎴᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%9B%C5%BEba" title="Těžba – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Těžba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwyngloddio" title="Mwyngloddio – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mwyngloddio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minedrift" title="Minedrift – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Minedrift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergbau" title="Bergbau – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bergbau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Μεταλλευτική – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταλλευτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minado" title="Minado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaevandamine" title="Kaevandamine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaevandamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatzaritza" title="Meatzaritza – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meatzaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="معدن‌کاری – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معدن‌کاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaivannaistoiminta" title="Kaivannaistoiminta – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaivannaistoiminta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploitation_mini%C3%A8re" title="Exploitation minière – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exploitation minière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianad%C3%B3ireacht" title="Mianadóireacht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mianadóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_(jizman)" title="Min (jizman) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Min (jizman)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minar%C3%ADa" title="Minaría – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Minaría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakar_ma%27adinai" title="Hakar ma'adinai – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hakar ma'adinai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="כרייה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="खनन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ny%C3%A1szat" title="Bányászat – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bányászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE" title="Հանքային գործ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանքային գործ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertambangan" title="Pertambangan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertambangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1mavinnsla" title="Námavinnsla – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Námavinnsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrazione_mineraria" title="Estrazione mineraria – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estrazione mineraria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E6%A5%AD" title="鉱業 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱業" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainin" title="Mainin – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mainin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85" title="광업 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광업" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balweyth" title="Balweyth – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Balweyth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalleutice" title="Metalleutice – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metalleutice" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biergbau" title="Biergbau – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Biergbau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mienboew" title="Mienboew – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mienboew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnakasyba" title="Kalnakasyba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalnakasyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnr%C5%ABpniec%C4%ABba" title="Kalnrūpniecība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalnrūpniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Рударство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рударство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഖനനം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖനനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlombongan" title="Perlombongan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perlombongan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သတ္တုတွင်းလုပ်ငန်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တုတွင်းလုပ်ငန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijnbouw" title="Mijnbouw – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mijnbouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvedrift" title="Gruvedrift – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruvedrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvedrift" title="Gruvedrift – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gruvedrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਖਾਣਕਾਰੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਾਣਕਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3rnictwo" title="Górnictwo – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Górnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="د کانونو استخراج – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کانونو استخراج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Mineração – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mineração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit" title="Minerit – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Minerit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Горное дело – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горное дело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%C3%ADctvo" title="Baníctvo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baníctvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xehetaria" title="Xehetaria – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xehetaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Рударство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рударство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertambangan" title="Pertambangan – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pertambangan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvdrift" title="Gruvdrift – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gruvdrift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchimbaji_madini" title="Uchimbaji madini – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchimbaji madini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சுரங்கத் தொழில் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுரங்கத் தொழில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="การทำเหมืองแร่ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทำเหมืองแร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmimina" title="Pagmimina – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagmimina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madencilik" title="Madencilik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madencilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Гірнича справа – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гірнича справа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کان کنی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کان کنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon_sanoati" title="Kon sanoati – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kon sanoati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai_th%C3%A1c_m%E1%BB%8F" title="Khai thác mỏ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khai thác mỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmimina" title="Pagmimina – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagmimina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="采矿业" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMayini" title="IMayini – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IMayini" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B2ng-gia%CC%8Dp" title="Khòng-gia̍p – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khòng-gia̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD" title="礦業 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="礦業" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44497#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> 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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2021年11月7日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%22">"采矿业"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>挖礦</b>」重定向至此。关于數位貨幣的挖礦，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%96%E7%A4%A6_(%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3)" title="挖礦 (數位貨幣)">挖礦 (數位貨幣)</a></b>」。</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simplified_world_mining_map_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Simplified_world_mining_map_2.png/250px-Simplified_world_mining_map_2.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Simplified_world_mining_map_2.png/375px-Simplified_world_mining_map_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Simplified_world_mining_map_2.png/500px-Simplified_world_mining_map_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>世界主要礦場</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuquicamata-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chuquicamata-002.jpg/250px-Chuquicamata-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chuquicamata-002.jpg/375px-Chuquicamata-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chuquicamata-002.jpg/500px-Chuquicamata-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1369" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a>丘奇卡马塔，世界最大的露天<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">铜</a>矿</figcaption></figure> <p><b>采矿业</b>是从地下开采有经济价值的矿物或其他物质的活动，开采的部位都是矿物比较集中的矿床，采矿业开采的物质包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81%E5%9C%9F%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁土礦">鋁土礦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4" title="煤">煤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BB%E7%9F%B3" title="钻石">钻石</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="稀有金属">稀有金属</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="石灰石">石灰石</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">镍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%B9%BD" title="石鹽">岩盐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">锡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">钼</a>等，几乎任何不能由<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a>生产的原始物质都是由矿物提供的，从广义来说，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94" title="天然气">天然气</a>、甚至地下<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>的开采都能算做采矿业范畴。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI_sepia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI_sepia.jpg/220px-TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI_sepia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI_sepia.jpg/330px-TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI_sepia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI_sepia.jpg/440px-TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI_sepia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%89%A7%E5%AE%89%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="密执安州">密执安州</a>塔马拉克<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">铜</a>矿1905年的矿工合影</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagger-garzweiler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bagger-garzweiler.jpg/220px-Bagger-garzweiler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bagger-garzweiler.jpg/330px-Bagger-garzweiler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bagger-garzweiler.jpg/440px-Bagger-garzweiler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5075" data-file-height="1490" /></a><figcaption>Bagger 288煤礦挖掘機</figcaption></figure> <p>已知最早的人类采矿遗址大概是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="斯威士兰">斯威士兰</a>的“狮穴”，根据放射性测定大约是属于43,000年前的矿穴，当时是开采赤铁矿用于做原始人图腾的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9C%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="颜料">颜料</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>也发现了一个原始人开采<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%A7%E7%9F%B3" title="燧石">燧石</a>用于制作武器和工具的矿场。另外在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%88%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="西奈半岛">西奈半岛</a>也发现一个古<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>开采<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E6%9D%BE%E7%9F%B3" title="绿松石">绿松石</a>的矿场。 </p><p>1627年，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a>第一次使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E7%81%AB%E8%8D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="黑色火药">黑色火药</a>开矿。 </p><p>人类采矿业的发展是和技术革命联系在一起的。石器时代使用石器、木头和骨头采矿，地下开采采用木头支撑。青铜时代开采工具和支撑物的关键受力点换成了青铜，铁器时代换成了铁器。铁器时代晚期出现了初期的炸药黑火药。第一次工业革命把此前的人力开采换成了机械作业，有了蒸汽机，黑火药换成了硝化甘油火药。第二次工业革命使用内燃机和TNT，第三次工业革命开始使用核电、计算机还有更先进的炸药，如中国的全氮阴离子盐和美国的金属氢。 </p><p>从更广的层次来看，石器时代人类的生产工具和武器是石器，骨头和木头，青铜时代换成了青铜，铁器时代换成了铁器，铁器时代还出现了炸药。第一次工业革命将蒸汽机带入工厂和战场，第二次工业革命带入了内燃机，第三次工业革命带入了核电，炸药也在从铁器时代到这三次工业革命中由黑火药变成硝化甘油，TNT，到全氮阴离子盐和金属氢。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="采矿的步骤"><span id=".E9.87.87.E7.9F.BF.E7.9A.84.E6.AD.A5.E9.AA.A4"></span>采矿的步骤</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：采矿的步骤"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>探矿，寻找可能存在的矿床；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2" title="勘探">勘探</a>，确定矿床的蕴涵量和范围；</li> <li>定量估算矿物的品质和埋藏范围；</li> <li>进行可行性研究，决定是否有开采价值；</li> <li>对矿山建设进行经济规划；</li> <li>开发，建设矿山，开采矿物；</li> <li>精选矿物；</li> <li>恢复由于开采造成的土地破坏。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="采矿技术"><span id=".E9.87.87.E7.9F.BF.E6.8A.80.E6.9C.AF"></span>采矿技术</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：采矿技术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8-%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E9%A4%A8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8-%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E9%A4%A8.JPG/240px-%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8-%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E9%A4%A8.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8-%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E9%A4%A8.JPG/360px-%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8-%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E9%A4%A8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8-%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E9%A4%A8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>台灣金礦業<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="黃金博物館">黃金博物館</a></figcaption></figure> <p>基本分为两种形式 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="地表采矿">地表采矿</a> <ul><li>大型露天采矿</li> <li>采石场</li> <li>普通露天开采</li> <li>砂矿开采</li> <li>削去山头开采</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="地下采矿">地下采矿</a> <ul><li>浅矿床开采</li> <li>斜井采矿</li> <li>直井采矿</li> <li>硬岩采矿</li> <li>钻井采矿</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="选矿"><span id=".E9.80.89.E7.9F.BF"></span>选矿</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：选矿"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E7%9F%BF%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="选矿工程">选矿工程</a></div> <p>选矿是一门专业的科学技术，从矿石中提炼浓缩有价值的矿物，有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学">化学</a>方法和机械方法，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%89%E7%A2%8E" title="粉碎">粉碎</a>、研磨、重力選礦法、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>选等多道工序，精选后残余部分为尾矿，需要抛弃。为了防止污染<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="自然环境">环境</a>，尾矿的处置也是需要研究的课题。<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="需要解釋或改寫">需要解释</span></a>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="环境影响"><span id=".E7.8E.AF.E5.A2.83.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>环境影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：环境影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_hydroxide_precipitate_in_stream.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Iron_hydroxide_precipitate_in_stream.jpg/200px-Iron_hydroxide_precipitate_in_stream.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Iron_hydroxide_precipitate_in_stream.jpg/300px-Iron_hydroxide_precipitate_in_stream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Iron_hydroxide_precipitate_in_stream.jpg/400px-Iron_hydroxide_precipitate_in_stream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="971" /></a><figcaption>由于露天煤矿的酸性废水排放，造成氧化铁在溪水中的沉积</figcaption></figure> <p>采矿业对环境的影响包括水土流失、矿坑造成的地面沉降、生物多样性的破坏以及采矿过程中含化学物的废水对地下水的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染">污染</a>等。<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="需要解釋或改寫">需要解释</span></a>]</sup> </p><p>现代许多国家对采矿业有严格的环境保护和恢复地表状态的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>法规，保证采矿区域要恢复原有的状态，甚至要求比采矿以前的环境更好。使用过去的方法采矿，对采矿业限制不严格的国家，采矿业会对环境造成无法弥补的伤害，同时会影响人类的健康。 </p><p>采矿业会对周围环境和地下水造成相当大的影响，化学物质会集中污染大片地区，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4" title="煤">煤</a>矿就会产生大约20多种有毒化学物质，会经由排放水和供应水的渠道扩散污染范围。有严格控制法律的国家，采矿业必须有水文专家和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a>家仔细研究处理污染物，一般采用五种单独措施，处理水污染问题：水分离系统、含污染物废水集中存塘、地下水采集系统、地表水排放系统和隔离系统。对于含有酸性污染物的水要直接排放到水处理系统处理。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="采矿事业"><span id=".E9.87.87.E7.9F.BF.E4.BA.8B.E4.B8.9A"></span>采矿事业</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：采矿事业"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以前可以由私人或小公司从事采矿事业，但现代采矿事业需要大量的资本投入，一般都是由国际知名的大企业从事。<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="需要解釋或改寫">需要解释</span></a>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="采矿人员"><span id=".E9.87.87.E7.9F.BF.E4.BA.BA.E5.91.98"></span>采矿人员</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：采矿人员"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E5%B7%A5" title="礦工">礦工</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorskii_04428u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gorskii_04428u.jpg/220px-Gorskii_04428u.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gorskii_04428u.jpg/330px-Gorskii_04428u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gorskii_04428u.jpg/440px-Gorskii_04428u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3093" data-file-height="2638" /></a><figcaption>1910年的美國鐵礦工</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coal-wpa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Coal-wpa.jpg/220px-Coal-wpa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Coal-wpa.jpg/330px-Coal-wpa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Coal-wpa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>賓州礦工工會標誌</figcaption></figure> <p>现代采矿事业不再仅仅是在地上挖掘，需要许多不同领域的专门人员。直接或间接地加入到采矿行业中来，包括工程师、实验室技术人员、地质学家、环境科学家等 </p><p>采矿业雇员的工资一般较其他工種高<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，尤其是在偏远地区的矿山工作，根据<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劳动统计局（页面不存在）">劳动统计局</a>的调查，煤矿工人的工资要高出平均工资的30%<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>，在采矿业工作的大学毕业生或地质工程师平均年工资为8万<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>。在采矿业一般只能工作到46-50岁，而因爲健康，前景，環境等問題的影響，目前主修采矿业的人越来越少。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="矿山设计软件"><span id=".E7.9F.BF.E5.B1.B1.E8.AE.BE.E8.AE.A1.E8.BD.AF.E4.BB.B6"></span>矿山设计软件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：矿山设计软件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>目前矿山设计最大的进步是采用了三维设计软件，不再像以前人工设计那样耗费时间，只要勘探人员、地质学家、矿山工程师和其他方面的技术人员输入必要的数据，软件可以给出最优化的开采设计。<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="需要解釋或改寫">需要解释</span></a>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="矿山机械"><span id=".E7.9F.BF.E5.B1.B1.E6.9C.BA.E6.A2.B0"></span>矿山机械</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：矿山机械"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>矿山机械要能够<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%89%E7%A2%8E" title="粉碎">破碎</a>和移走任何硬度的岩石，挖掘机、钻机、炸药和卡车是必不可少的，尤其对于露天开采。地下开采的机械更为复杂和昂贵，许多国际著名的这公司生产连续采掘的机械。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="安全问题"><span id=".E5.AE.89.E5.85.A8.E9.97.AE.E9.A2.98"></span>安全问题</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：安全问题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>安全问题一直是采矿业最重要的问题，尤其对于地下开采，虽然现代采矿业的比几十年前要更为安全，但也经常发生<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E9%9A%BE" title="矿难">矿难</a>事故。2010年3月28日王家岭煤矿发生<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD%E7%9F%BF%E9%9A%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="王家岭矿难">透水事故</a>有超過100人被救出。<sup id="cite_ref-王家岭_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-王家岭-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 矿井通风是保障矿工安全的关键，<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E9%A2%A8" title="通風">通风</a>不好会导致矿工发生矽肺病。尤其在煤矿会造成瓦斯（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a>）积累，发生爆炸。通风系统是由强力排风扇完成的，使矿井内达道负压，新鲜空气会由其他管道输入矿井，达到良好的空气循环。从反面教材而言，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%BA%AA%E6%B9%96%E7%85%A4%E7%9F%BF%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="本溪湖煤矿爆炸">本溪湖煤礦爆炸</a>中停止向井下送風导致更多死亡。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源"><span title="引用來源的可信度可能需要查證。">來源可靠？</span></a>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="废弃的矿井"><span id=".E5.BA.9F.E5.BC.83.E7.9A.84.E7.9F.BF.E4.BA.95"></span>废弃的矿井</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：废弃的矿井"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minedanger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Minedanger.jpg/300px-Minedanger.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Minedanger.jpg/450px-Minedanger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Minedanger.jpg/600px-Minedanger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>美国<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="亚利桑那州">亚利桑那州</a>废弃矿井外的明显警告标志：保持距离，保持生存（Stay out, stay alive.）</figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>大约有70-80万个废弃的矿井，许多还伴随着被废弃的村镇（“<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E9%95%87" class="mw-redirect" title="鬼镇">鬼镇</a>”）。专家们强烈警告不要进入这些矿井，不要到那里去探险。废弃的矿坑经常有有毒或窒息气体的累积，或例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%99%E8%9D%A0" title="蝙蝠">蝙蝠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87" title="蛇">蛇</a>等有毒<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="动物">动物</a>生存<sup id="cite_ref-apple蓮麻坑五大凶險_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple蓮麻坑五大凶險-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，矿坑周围还会有土地侵蚀造成的塌陷，进入这些矿坑是非常危险的。每年都会有十几个人在这些矿井中受到伤害甚至丧命，美国矿山安全和健康署发起一个“保持距离，保持生存”运动，目的为了警告和教育孩子们和成年人在废弃的矿井附近玩耍和探险是非常危险的。昔日礦場有從高處誤墮地底足以致命及塌陷等危險<sup id="cite_ref-apple蓮麻坑墮井亡_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple蓮麻坑墮井亡-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apple蓮麻坑五大凶險_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple蓮麻坑五大凶險-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hk01photo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hk01photo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。充滿積水的環境對搜救的救護員亦容易造成危險<sup id="cite_ref-hk01積水踏空下墮沒訊號_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hk01積水踏空下墮沒訊號-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。礦場工人亦較易患上肺病。<sup id="cite_ref-文匯報肺病_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-文匯報肺病-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apple蓮麻坑工人故事_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple蓮麻坑工人故事-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hk01肺病_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hk01肺病-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4240M%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="香港馬鞍山礦場240ML礦洞"><img alt="香港馬鞍山礦場240ML礦洞" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4240M%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4240M%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4240M%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3_-_panoramio.jpg/360px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4240M%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4240M%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3_-_panoramio.jpg/480px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4240M%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">香港馬鞍山礦場240ML礦洞</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Abandoned_mine_Yerington.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="内华达州的废弃矿井"><img alt="内华达州的废弃矿井" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Abandoned_mine_Yerington.JPG/240px-Abandoned_mine_Yerington.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Abandoned_mine_Yerington.JPG/360px-Abandoned_mine_Yerington.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Abandoned_mine_Yerington.JPG/480px-Abandoned_mine_Yerington.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">内华达州的废弃矿井</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83"></span>參考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Itkin, Dina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/oes/mining.pdf">Wage and Employment Patterns in the Mining Sector</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-04-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420125106/https://www.bls.gov/oes/mining.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2023-04-20） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.atitle=Wage+and+Employment+Patterns+in+the+Mining+Sector&rft.aufirst=Dina&rft.aulast=Itkin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foes%2Fmining.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-王家岭-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-王家岭_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.news.appledaily.com/international/daily/article/20100406/13899500">困井下八日八夜　清明節重見天日 115礦工展生命奇蹟</a>. 蘋果日報 (香港). 2010年4月6日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年8月]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617155140/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/international/daily/article/20100406/13899500">存档</a>于2020年6月17日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（香港）网页">（中文（香港））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%B0%E4%BA%95%E4%B8%8B%E5%85%AB%E6%97%A5%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%9C%E3%80%80%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E%E7%AF%80%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%8B%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%A5+115%E7%A4%A6%E5%B7%A5%E5%B1%95%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.news.appledaily.com%2Finternational%2Fdaily%2Farticle%2F20100406%2F13899500&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2005-05-09/07135834465s.shtml">世界最大煤矿事故背后藏谎言（图）</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711203908/http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2005-05-09/07135834465s.shtml">存档</a>于2012-07-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E7%85%A4%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E8%97%8F%E8%B0%8E%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fs%2F2005-05-09%2F07135834465s.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150817005107/http://www.mining-technology.com/features/feature-world-worst-coal-mining-disasters-china/">The world’s worst coal mining disasters</a>. 2014-05-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mining-technology.com/features/feature-world-worst-coal-mining-disasters-china/">原始内容</a>存档于2015-08-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.btitle=The+world%E2%80%99s+worst+coal+mining+disasters&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mining-technology.com%2Ffeatures%2Ffeature-world-worst-coal-mining-disasters-china%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apple蓮麻坑五大凶險-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apple蓮麻坑五大凶險_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apple蓮麻坑五大凶險_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">金敏琍; 黃學潤. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20140401/18675402">行山客葬身地　專家：唔好嚟蓮麻坑五大凶險曝光</a>. 蘋果日報 (香港). 2014年4月1日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年8月]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617155322/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20140401/18675402">存档</a>于2020年6月17日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（香港）网页">（中文（香港））</span>. <q><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E9%BA%BB%E5%9D%91#礦場" title="蓮麻坑">蓮麻坑礦洞</a>第一險：礦洞外多個荒廢通風口，均遭雜草遮蔽。第二險：礦洞內有多個隱蔽大窿。第三險：蝙蝠糞便產生無色無味沼氣。第四險：洞內由木柱假石牆建造的支撐位殘舊失修，隨時會倒塌。第五險：洞內有多個水潭，部份深不見底。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.atitle=%E8%A1%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%AE%A2%E8%91%AC%E8%BA%AB%E5%9C%B0%E3%80%80%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%9A%E5%94%94%E5%A5%BD%E5%9A%9F+%E8%93%AE%E9%BA%BB%E5%9D%91%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%87%B6%E9%9A%AA%E6%9B%9D%E5%85%89&rft.au=%E9%87%91%E6%95%8F%E7%90%8D&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E5%AD%B8%E6%BD%A4&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.news.appledaily.com%2Flocal%2Fdaily%2Farticle%2F20140401%2F18675402&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apple蓮麻坑墮井亡-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apple蓮麻坑墮井亡_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">周鴻熙; 梁澤岡. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20140325/18667660">遠足迷征蓮麻坑　墮15米深礦井亡遺體隔晚由直升機吊走</a>. 蘋果日報 (香港). 2014年3月25日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年8月]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200617155318/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20140325/18667660">存档</a>于2020年6月17日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（香港）网页">（中文（香港））</span>. <q>冒險前往前年才局部解禁、滿佈礦井的沙頭角<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E9%BA%BB%E5%9D%91#礦場" title="蓮麻坑">蓮麻坑礦洞</a>邊境行山探險，其間疑失足跌落15米深礦井身亡，同伴中途發現失蹤報警。當局搜索逾4小時後終尋獲其屍體，但因天色漆黑，至昨午才由政府飛行服務隊派出直升機到場將屍體吊走。有行山專家形容現場的礦洞陰森恐怖，狹窄陡峭，危險至極，根本不宜遠足。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.atitle=%E9%81%A0%E8%B6%B3%E8%BF%B7%E5%BE%81%E8%93%AE%E9%BA%BB%E5%9D%91%E3%80%80%E5%A2%AE15%E7%B1%B3%E6%B7%B1%E7%A4%A6%E4%BA%95%E4%BA%A1+%E9%81%BA%E9%AB%94%E9%9A%94%E6%99%9A%E7%94%B1%E7%9B%B4%E5%8D%87%E6%A9%9F%E5%90%8A%E8%B5%B0&rft.au=%E5%91%A8%E9%B4%BB%E7%86%99&rft.au=%E6%A2%81%E6%BE%A4%E5%B2%A1&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.news.appledaily.com%2Flocal%2Fdaily%2Farticle%2F20140325%2F18667660&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hk01photo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hk01photo_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">林綺琪. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/82984/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%89%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6-%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%8A%E7%99%BE%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E5%8F%AA%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96-%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%87%91%E7%93%9C%E7%9F%B3#media_id=507096">【香港有金礦？】全港半百礦場只得一個活化　可參考台灣金瓜石</a>. 香港01 (香港). 2017年4月7日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年8月]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310083351/https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/82984/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%89%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6-%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%8A%E7%99%BE%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E5%8F%AA%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96-%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%87%91%E7%93%9C%E7%9F%B3#media_id=507096">存档</a>于2021年3月10日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（香港）网页">（中文（香港））</span>. <q><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E9%BA%BB%E5%9D%91#礦場" title="蓮麻坑">蓮麻坑礦洞</a>過往屬於邊境禁區範圍，至2013年才被剔出禁區範圍。但由於日佔時間日軍曾在此進行盜採活動，令部分支撐礦道的礦柱頂部崩塌，現時礦道有<b>塌陷危機</b>；而且礦場內有多個深達10米的豎井，<b>誤墮足以致命</b>，遊人切勿嘗試進入。（受訪者提供圖片）</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%89%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%91%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%8A%E7%99%BE%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E5%8F%AA%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96%E3%80%80%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%87%91%E7%93%9C%E7%9F%B3&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E7%B6%BA%E7%90%AA&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hk01.com%2F%25E7%25A4%25BE%25E5%258D%2580%25E5%25B0%2588%25E9%25A1%258C%2F82984%2F%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%2587%2591%25E7%25A4%25A6-%25E5%2585%25A8%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E5%258D%258A%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A4%25A6%25E5%25A0%25B4%25E5%258F%25AA%25E5%25BE%2597%25E4%25B8%2580%25E5%2580%258B%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E5%258C%2596-%25E5%258F%25AF%25E5%258F%2583%25E8%2580%2583%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E9%2587%2591%25E7%2593%259C%25E7%259F%25B3%23media_id%3D507096&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hk01積水踏空下墮沒訊號-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hk01積水踏空下墮沒訊號_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">林綺琪; 陳嘉元(攝）. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/82984/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%89%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6-%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%8A%E7%99%BE%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E5%8F%AA%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96-%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%87%91%E7%93%9C%E7%9F%B3#media_id=507095">【香港有金礦？】全港半百礦場只得一個活化　可參考台灣金瓜石</a>. 香港01 (香港). 2017年4月7日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年8月]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310083351/https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/82984/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%89%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6-%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%8A%E7%99%BE%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E5%8F%AA%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96-%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%87%91%E7%93%9C%E7%9F%B3#media_id=507095">存档</a>于2021年3月10日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（香港）网页">（中文（香港））</span>. <q>現時有人不理會警告入洞內探險，陳子恒說，礦洞昔日是<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%86%E7%A0%B4" title="爆破">爆破</a>而成，危險性可想而知；加上每年夏天，洞內的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>亦會溢出，洞內水勢不可測。洞內有不少直井，容易踏空下墮，而由於礦場內電話一般沒有訊號，救護員亦從未進過洞，若有事要入內搜救，救護員自身亦很危險。（陳嘉元攝）</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%9C%89%E9%87%91%E7%A4%A6%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%91%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%8A%E7%99%BE%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E5%8F%AA%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96%E3%80%80%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%87%91%E7%93%9C%E7%9F%B3&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E7%B6%BA%E7%90%AA&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E5%98%89%E5%85%83%28%E6%94%9D%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hk01.com%2F%25E7%25A4%25BE%25E5%258D%2580%25E5%25B0%2588%25E9%25A1%258C%2F82984%2F%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E6%259C%2589%25E9%2587%2591%25E7%25A4%25A6-%25E5%2585%25A8%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E5%258D%258A%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A4%25A6%25E5%25A0%25B4%25E5%258F%25AA%25E5%25BE%2597%25E4%25B8%2580%25E5%2580%258B%25E6%25B4%25BB%25E5%258C%2596-%25E5%258F%25AF%25E5%258F%2583%25E8%2580%2583%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E9%2587%2591%25E7%2593%259C%25E7%259F%25B3%23media_id%3D507095&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-文匯報肺病-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-文匯報肺病_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">郝君兒. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.wenweipo.com/2005/11/14/HK0511140012.htm">礦場工人矽肺病纏終生</a>. 文匯報. 香港. 2005年11月14日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年8月]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217203411/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2005/11/14/HK0511140012.htm">存档</a>于2021年2月17日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（香港）网页">（中文（香港））</span>. <q>滿足本港大量的建築需求，過去石礦場一直默默耕耘，未來石礦場可能功成身退，在香港絕跡，而過去因在石礦場工作而染上職業病的工人，卻將無可選擇地終生受病患困擾。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.atitle=%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA+%E7%9F%BD%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85%E7%BA%8F%E7%B5%82%E7%94%9F&rft.au=%E9%83%9D%E5%90%9B%E5%85%92&rft.date=2005-11-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%AF%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2005%2F11%2F14%2FHK0511140012.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|newspaper=</code>与模板<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{cite web}}</code>不匹配（建议改用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{cite news}}</code>或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|website=</code>） (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#periodical" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apple蓮麻坑工人故事-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apple蓮麻坑工人故事_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/special/daily/article/20180629/20434373">【野人周記】蓮麻坑的礦山歲月</a>. 蘋果日報 (香港). 2018年6月29日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年8月]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001908/https://hk.lifestyle.appledaily.com/lifestyle/special/daily/article/20180629/20434373">存档</a>于2018年8月7日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（香港）网页">（中文（香港））</span>. <q>長年於通風不良的地底工作，最終罹患肺積塵病病逝。小菊頭蝠（相片）。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E9%87%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%91%A8%E8%A8%98%E3%80%91%E8%93%AE%E9%BA%BB%E5%9D%91%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%A6%E5%B1%B1%E6%AD%B2%E6%9C%88&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.lifestyle.appledaily.com%2Flifestyle%2Fspecial%2Fdaily%2Farticle%2F20180629%2F20434373&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hk01肺病-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hk01肺病_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">顏寧. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/156062/%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4-%E7%BE%A9%E8%A8%BA30%E5%B9%B4%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E8%AE%8A%E9%81%B7-%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F-%E6%9D%91%E6%B0%91%E6%AF%8F%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%9A%E8%88%8A%E5%9C%98%E5%B9%B4">【馬鞍山礦場】義診30年見證變遷　醫生、村民每年聚舊團年</a>. 香港. 2018年2月2日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年8月]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511145239/https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/156062/%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4-%E7%BE%A9%E8%A8%BA30%E5%B9%B4%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E8%AE%8A%E9%81%B7-%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F-%E6%9D%91%E6%B0%91%E6%AF%8F%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%9A%E8%88%8A%E5%9C%98%E5%B9%B4">存档</a>于2021年5月11日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（香港）网页">（中文（香港））</span>. <q>1987年，每逢星期六下午，那年冬天，第一次義診就有45位村民來看病。歐醫生還記得，早期每次都有40、50人來看病。老礦工還有肺積塵、哮喘病。每逢轉天氣，他們就會氣喘得嚴重；那時候，歐醫生一年要購買3、4次藥，很多都是治癒哮喘的噴劑。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&rft.au=%E9%A1%8F%E5%AF%A7&rft.btitle=%E3%80%90%E9%A6%AC%E9%9E%8D%E5%B1%B1%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E3%80%91%E7%BE%A9%E8%A8%BA30%E5%B9%B4%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E8%AE%8A%E9%81%B7%E3%80%80%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F%E3%80%81%E6%9D%91%E6%B0%91%E6%AF%8F%E5%B9%B4%E8%81%9A%E8%88%8A%E5%9C%98%E5%B9%B4&rft.date=2018-02-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hk01.com%2F%25E7%25A4%25BE%25E5%258D%2580%25E5%25B0%2588%25E9%25A1%258C%2F156062%2F%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E9%259E%258D%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E7%25A4%25A6%25E5%25A0%25B4-%25E7%25BE%25A9%25E8%25A8%25BA30%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E8%25A6%258B%25E8%25AD%2589%25E8%25AE%258A%25E9%2581%25B7-%25E9%2586%25AB%25E7%2594%259F-%25E6%259D%2591%25E6%25B0%2591%25E6%25AF%258F%25E5%25B9%25B4%25E8%2581%259A%25E8%2588%258A%25E5%259C%2598%25E5%25B9%25B4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">您可以在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="維基文庫">維基文庫</a>中查找此百科條目的相關原始文獻： <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ol><li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:礦業法">礦業法</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:礦場法">礦場法</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E5%A0%B4%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:礦場安全法">礦場安全法</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:中华人民共和国矿产资源法">中华人民共和国矿产资源法</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%9F%BF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:中华人民共和国矿山安全法">中华人民共和国矿山安全法</a></b></li></ol> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infomine.com">采矿技术和信息</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210309191713/http://www.infomine.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westernmininghistory.com/">美国西部采矿业历史</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210511144130/http://www.westernmininghistory.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081101201417/http://www.7cnw.com/">中国矿产投资网</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nma.org/">美国全国矿业协会</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110224042700/http://www.nma.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工業工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程学">工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工業工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-disambig" title="工程技術">工程技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系统工程">系统工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="控制工程">控制工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7" title="生产">製造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金學">冶金學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金工程">冶金工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" 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title="核工程">核工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="核技术">核技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A8%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="储能技术">儲能技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="石油工程">石油工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="藥理學">藥</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="護理學">護理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學技術（页面不存在）">化學技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="化学信息学">化学信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學檢驗（页面不存在）">化學檢驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生化工程">生化工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生化技術（页面不存在）">生化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化學">生物化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术">生物技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物化技術（页面不存在）">物化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物理工程學（页面不存在）">物理工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物理技術（页面不存在）">物理技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="材料化学">材料化學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="農業工程">農業工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="食品化學">食品化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="食品工程">食品工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="食品技术">食品技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A2%E9%A4%8A%E6%AE%96" title="水產養殖">水產養殖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="漁業">水產學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="營養學">營養學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食品微生物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Food microbiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食品微生物學（页面不存在）">食品微生物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_microbiology" class="extiw" title="en:Food microbiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Food microbiology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遺傳利用限制技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic use restriction technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遺傳利用限制技術（页面不存在）">遺傳利用限制技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_use_restriction_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic use restriction technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic use restriction technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="環境科技">環境科技</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="永續設計">永續設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生態工程">生態工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潔淨科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%94%E6%B7%A8%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潔淨科技（页面不存在）">潔淨科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Clean technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生態技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ecotechnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態技術（页面不存在）">生態技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:Ecotechnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ecotechnology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境工程科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental engineering science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境工程科學（页面不存在）">環境工程科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental engineering science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental engineering science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="教育科技">教育技術學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="教育科技">教育技術學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上學習">線上學習</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教育軟體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Educational software"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教育軟體（页面不存在）">教育軟體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_software" class="extiw" title="en:Educational software"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Educational software</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虛擬校園" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virtual campus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%A0%A1%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬校園（页面不存在）">虛擬校園</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_campus" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual campus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virtual campus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光学工程">光学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聲學">聲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="力學">力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="热学">熱學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="電學">電學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁學">電磁學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="纳米技术">纳米技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="微技术">微技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="環境科學">環境科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="軍事">軍事</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="军事技术与装备列表">軍事技術</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍事通信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military communications"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍事通信（页面不存在）">軍事通信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communications" class="extiw" title="en:Military communications"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military communications</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E8%97%A5" title="彈藥">彈藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%B9" title="炸弹">炸弹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="電子作戰">電子作戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%8F%AF%E5%81%B5%E6%B8%AC%E6%80%A7%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="低可偵測性技術">低可偵測性技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B5" title="工兵">工兵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">機器人學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="机械电子学">機械電子學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系统工程">系统工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E7%B5%84%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質組學">蛋白質組學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="聚合物工程">聚合物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="系統分類學">系統分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="金融科技">金融科技</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">采矿业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">組件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E8%A8%AD%E6%96%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="基礎設施">基礎設施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="發明">發明</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="发明年表">發明年表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="知識">知識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="機器">機器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%83%BD" title="技能">技能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="工藝">工藝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="工具">工具</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="技术史">技术史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史前技术纲要" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of prehistoric technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史前技术纲要（页面不存在）">史前技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of prehistoric technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of prehistoric technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">新石器革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代技術（页面不存在）">古代技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀技術（页面不存在）">中世紀技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文藝復興技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Renaissance technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文藝復興技術（页面不存在）">文藝復興技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Renaissance technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Renaissance technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第一次工业革命">第一次工业革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="噴氣時代" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jet Age"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%99%B4%E6%B0%A3%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="噴氣時代（页面不存在）">噴氣時代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Age" class="extiw" title="en:Jet Age"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jet Age</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第二次工业革命">第二次工业革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="數字化革命">第三次工業革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="信息时代">信息时代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第四次工業革命">第四次工業革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB" title="互聯網泡沫">互聯網泡沫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="破壞性創新">破壞性創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="共享經濟">共享經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="社交網路服務">社交網路服務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="新零售">新零售</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2O" title="O2O">O2O</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">信息技术教育</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上學習">線上學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF%E8%AF%BE%E5%A0%82" title="大规模开放在线课堂">大规模开放在线课堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A7%91" title="理工科">STEM教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="Category:資訊科技教育">Category:資訊科技教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術理論（页面不存在）">理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of technology</span></a></span>）</span></span><br />和概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術倫理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethics of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術倫理（页面不存在）">技術倫理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Ethics of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethics of technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84" title="技术的社会建构">技术的社会建构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%BD%A2%E5%A1%91" title="技術的社會形塑">技術的社會形塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A%E8%AE%BA" title="技术决定论">技术决定论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="技術中立原則">技術中立原則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超人类主义">超人类主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="技术接受模型">技术接受模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB" title="专家统治">专家统治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%A5%87%E7%82%B9" title="技术奇点">技术奇点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%88%90%E7%86%9F%E5%BA%A6%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF" title="技术成熟度曲线">技术成熟度曲线</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技术类别" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q112057532"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术类别（页面不存在）">技术类别</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112057532" class="extiw" title="d:Q112057532"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q112057532</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍民兩用技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dual-use technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%85%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍民兩用技術（页面不存在）">軍民兩用技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-use_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Dual-use technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dual-use technology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="高科技">高科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="破壞性創新">破壞性創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="适用技术">适用技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="通用技术">通用技术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="关键技术" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Schlüsseltechnologie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关键技术（页面不存在）">关键技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schl%C3%BCsseltechnologie" class="extiw" title="de:Schlüsseltechnologie"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Schlüsseltechnologie</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="新兴技术">新兴技术</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="新興技術列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%82%96%E5%A4%AB%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="卡尔达肖夫指数">卡尔达肖夫指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Category:各国科技">Category:各国科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="Category:科技公司">Category:科技公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E8%80%85" title="技术传播者">技术传播者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="技术新闻学">技术新闻学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:技术">Category:技术</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:技術">commons:Category:技術</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Portal:技術">技術主題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="自然资源" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Template:自然资源"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Template talk:自然资源"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:自然资源"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="自然资源" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">自然资源</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层">大气</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">污染 / 质量</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国家环境大气质量标准" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National Ambient Air Quality Standards"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家环境大气质量标准（页面不存在）">环境标准<span style="font-size:smaller;">（美国）</span></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards" class="extiw" title="en:National Ambient Air Quality Standards"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National Ambient Air Quality Standards</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="空气质量指数">指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%85%A7%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA" title="室內空氣品質">室内</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="发展中国家室内空气污染" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indoor air pollution in developing nations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%A4%E5%86%85%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发展中国家室内空气污染（页面不存在）">发展中国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_air_pollution_in_developing_nations" class="extiw" title="en:Indoor air pollution in developing nations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indoor air pollution in developing nations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空气质量法律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Air quality law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空气质量法律（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_quality_law" class="extiw" title="en:Air quality law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Air quality law</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国空气清洁法案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean Air Act (United States)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国空气清洁法案（页面不存在）">空气清洁法案<span style="font-size:smaller;">（美国）</span></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="en:Clean Air Act (United States)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean Air Act (United States)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="臭氧层空洞">臭氧层空洞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">排放</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Airshed" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Airshed"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airshed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airshed（页面不存在）">Airshed</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airshed" class="extiw" title="en:Airshed"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Airshed</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%9D%83%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="排放权交易">排放权交易</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E6%AF%81%E6%9E%97%E5%92%8C%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E6%89%80%E8%87%B4%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量（页面不存在）">减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation" class="extiw" title="en:Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carson Falls on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo"><img alt="Carson Falls on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/100px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/150px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/200px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_law" class="extiw" title="en:Energy law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界能源（页面不存在）">资源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料">化石燃料</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC" title="石油峰值">哈伯特顶点</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%86%B1%E8%83%BD" title="地熱能">地熱能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" title="核動力">核能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%83%BD" title="太阳能">太阳能</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%85%89" title="太阳光">太阳光</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荫蔽" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shade (shadow)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%AB%E8%94%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荫蔽（页面不存在）">荫蔽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade_(shadow)" class="extiw" title="en:Shade (shadow)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shade (shadow)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E8%83%BD" title="潮汐能">潮汐能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B5%AA%E8%83%BD" title="波浪能">波浪能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%83%BD" title="風能">風能</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0" title="陆地">陆地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E5%9C%B0" title="耕地">耕地</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="peak farmland" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="peak farmland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peak_farmland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peak farmland（页面不存在）">peak farmland</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/peak_farmland" class="extiw" title="en:peak farmland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">peak farmland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1" title="水土流失">水土流失</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95" title="土地法">法律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%B3%95" title="財產法">财产</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="土地管理">管理</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="栖息地保护" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="habitat conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%96%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="栖息地保护（页面不存在）">栖息地保护</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/habitat_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:habitat conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">habitat conservation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">采矿</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="采矿法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mining law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="采矿法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_law" class="extiw" title="en:Mining law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mining law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%A0%82" title="采砂">采沙</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峰值矿产" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peak minerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰值矿产（页面不存在）">峰值</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_minerals" class="extiw" title="en:Peak minerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peak minerals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="矿产权利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mineral rights"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="矿产权利（页面不存在）">权利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_rights" class="extiw" title="en:Mineral rights"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mineral rights</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="土壤保護">保护</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%82%A5%E5%8A%9B" title="土壤肥力">肥力</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤健康" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤健康（页面不存在）">健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_health" class="extiw" title="en:Soil health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil health</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤活力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil resilience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤活力（页面不存在）">活力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_resilience" class="extiw" title="en:Soil resilience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil resilience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8" title="土地利用">土地利用</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地使用规划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land-use planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地使用规划（页面不存在）">规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land-use_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Land-use planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land-use planning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="开放空间保护区" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Open space reserve"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开放空间保护区（页面不存在）">保护区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_space_reserve" class="extiw" title="en:Open space reserve"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Open space reserve</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物勘探" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bioprospecting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物勘探（页面不存在）">生物勘探</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioprospecting" class="extiw" title="en:Bioprospecting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bioprospecting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A2%E6%9E%97%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="叢林食物">丛林食物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9B%E6%9E%97%E8%82%89" title="丛林肉">丛林肉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A" title="渔业">渔业</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="渔业法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fisheries law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渔业法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheries_law" class="extiw" title="en:Fisheries law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fisheries law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="漁業管理">管理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="食物">食物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="森林基因资源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forest genetic resources"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林基因资源（页面不存在）">基因资源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_genetic_resources" class="extiw" title="en:Forest genetic resources"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forest genetic resources</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="森林法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forestry law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry_law" class="extiw" title="en:Forestry law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forestry law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="森林經營學">管理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%89%A9" title="獵物">狩猎</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狩猎法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Game law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狩猎法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_law" class="extiw" title="en:Game law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Game law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">基因银行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of plants used in herbalism" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of plants used in herbalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of plants used in herbalism（页面不存在）">Herbalist plants</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism" class="extiw" title="en:List of plants used in herbalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of plants used in herbalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海洋保护" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marine conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海洋保护（页面不存在）">海洋保护</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:Marine conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marine conservation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非木质林产品" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Non-timber forest product"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%A8%E8%B4%A8%E6%9E%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非木质林产品（页面不存在）">非木质林产品</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" class="extiw" title="en:Non-timber forest product"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Non-timber forest product</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%9C%B0" title="牧地">牧地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%AB" title="種子庫">種子庫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="野生动物">野生生物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="野生生物保护">保护</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="野生生物管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wildlife management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="野生生物管理（页面不存在）">管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_management" class="extiw" title="en:Wildlife management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wildlife management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">种类/位置</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82" title="含水层">含水层</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="含水层储水与恢复" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aquifer storage and recovery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82%E5%82%A8%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="含水层储水与恢复（页面不存在）">储水与恢复</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer_storage_and_recovery" class="extiw" title="en:Aquifer storage and recovery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aquifer storage and recovery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="饮用水">饮用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="地下水污染">污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E8%A3%9C%E7%B5%A6" title="地下水補給">补给</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地下水治理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Groundwater remediation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地下水治理（页面不存在）">治理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_remediation" class="extiw" title="en:Groundwater remediation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Groundwater remediation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%88" title="水圈">水圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0" title="冰">冰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="冰山">冰山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="极地冰盖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polar ice cap"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%86%B0%E7%9B%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极地冰盖（页面不存在）">极地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_ice_cap" class="extiw" title="en:Polar ice cap"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polar ice cap</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" title="灌溉">灌溉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%92%B2%E6%BB%BF" title="雨水撲滿">雨水收集</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="暴雨水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stormwater"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暴雨水（页面不存在）">暴雨水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater" class="extiw" title="en:Stormwater"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stormwater</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="地表水">地表水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E6%B0%B4" title="廢水">廢水</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%B4" title="中水">中水</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">其他方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E6%B7%A1%E5%8C%96" title="海水淡化">海水淡化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_law" class="extiw" title="en:Water law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Leaching (agriculture)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leaching (agriculture)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaching_(agriculture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leaching (agriculture)（页面不存在）">Leaching</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaching_(agriculture)" class="extiw" title="en:Leaching (agriculture)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leaching (agriculture)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sanitation" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sanitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanitation（页面不存在）">Sanitation</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation" class="extiw" title="en:Sanitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sanitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源冲突" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water conflict"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源冲突（页面不存在）">冲突</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conflict" class="extiw" title="en:Water conflict"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water conflict</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%B4" title="節水">節水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峰值水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peak water"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰值水（页面不存在）">峰值水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_water" class="extiw" title="en:Peak water"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peak water</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">污染</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水务民营化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water privatization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%A1%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水务民营化（页面不存在）">民营化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_privatization" class="extiw" title="en:Water privatization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water privatization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA" title="水質">水質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%AC%8A" title="水權">水权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="水资源">资源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="水管理">管理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water resource policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源政策（页面不存在）">政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resource_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Water resource policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water resource policy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Commons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公地（页面不存在）">公地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons" class="extiw" title="en:Commons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Commons</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%88%E5%9C%B0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="圈地运动">圈地</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球公地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global commons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球公地（页面不存在）">全球公地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_commons" class="extiw" title="en:Global commons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global commons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公有土地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common land"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公有土地（页面不存在）">公有土地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_land" class="extiw" title="en:Common land"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common land</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="公地悲劇">悲剧</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资源经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural resource economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然资源经济（页面不存在）">经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Natural resource economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural resource economics</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="生態經濟學">生态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0_(%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8)" title="土地 (經濟學)">土地</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="生態系統服務">生態系統服務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E9%96%8B%E6%8E%A1" title="自然資源開採">开采</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%BA%A6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="過度開發">過度開發</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%B6%85%E8%BD%BD%E6%97%A5" title="地球超载日">地球超载日</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资源管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural resource management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="自然資源管理">管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_management" class="extiw" title="en:Natural resource management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural resource management</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="适应性管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adaptive management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%80%A7%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="适应性管理（页面不存在）">适应性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_management" class="extiw" title="en:Adaptive management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adaptive management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资产" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural capital"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="自然資產">自然资产</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capital" class="extiw" title="en:Natural capital"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural capital</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资产会计" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural capital accounting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然资产会计（页面不存在）">会计</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capital_accounting" class="extiw" title="en:Natural capital accounting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural capital accounting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="自然保护区">自然保护区</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="系统生态" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Systems ecology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="系统生态（页面不存在）">系统生态</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Systems ecology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Systems ecology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="都市生態學">都市生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E9%87%8E" title="原野">原野</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="资源">资源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公共池塘资源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common-pool resource"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%B1%A0%E5%A1%98%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公共池塘资源（页面不存在）">公共池塘资源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-pool_resource" class="extiw" title="en:Common-pool resource"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common-pool resource</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="衝突資源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conflict resource"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="衝突資源（页面不存在）">衝突資源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_resource" class="extiw" title="en:Conflict resource"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conflict resource</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E8%A9%9B%E5%92%92" title="資源詛咒">資源詛咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%9E%AF%E7%AB%AD" title="资源枯竭">枯竭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">提取</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资源民族主义">民族主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="可再生資源">可再生</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="不可再生能源">不可再生</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%81" title="Portal:首頁">主题</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:农业和农学">农业和农学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Portal:能源">能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83" title="Portal:環境">环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8D%95%E9%B1%BC" title="Portal:捕鱼">捕鱼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Natural_resources" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Natural resources">自然资源</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="产业" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="Template:产业"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="Template talk:产业"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:产业"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="产业" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="产业">产业</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="重工業">重工業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="輕工業">輕工業</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="第一产业">第一产业</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>“农林牧渔” <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%9A" title="林业">林业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="畜牧业">畜牧业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A" title="渔业">渔业</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="第二產業">第二產業</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">采矿</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="石油產業">石油</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E9%A1%B5%E5%B2%A9%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="油页岩工业">油頁岩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%9A" title="制造业">制造业</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="汽車產業">車輛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="自行车工业">自行車</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="航空航天制造商" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aerospace manufacturer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E5%95%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航空航天制造商（页面不存在）">航空</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" class="extiw" title="en:Aerospace manufacturer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aerospace manufacturer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%88%B9" title="造船">船舶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="國防工業">國防</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="建築施工">建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="食品产业">食品</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E7%B1%BB%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="肉类加工业">肉類加工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E4%B8%9A" title="酒业">酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B8%E8%8D%89%E6%A5%AD" title="菸草業">菸草</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BA%E7%BB%87%E4%B8%9A" title="纺织业">紡織</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BA%E7%BB%87%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="纺织工业">纺织工业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%93%E6%95%B4%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="染整工业">染整工業</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="水利產業">水利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%8D%89%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" title="皮草貿易">皮草</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99%E6%A5%AD" title="造紙業">造紙</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塑料工业" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plastics industry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塑料工业（页面不存在）">塑料</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastics_industry" class="extiw" title="en:Plastics industry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plastics industry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="制药产业">製藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="电子工业">電子工業</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="半导体产业">半导体</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源工業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy industry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源工業（页面不存在）">能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_industry" class="extiw" title="en:Energy industry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy industry</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電力工業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electric power industry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="电力工业">電力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_industry" class="extiw" title="en:Electric power industry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electric power industry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96" title="可再生能源商业化">可再生能源</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="廣告業">廣告</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="化学工业">化學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="第三产业">第三产业</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%A5%AD" title="資訊業">訊信技術</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軟體業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Software industry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軟體業（页面不存在）">軟體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_industry" class="extiw" title="en:Software industry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Software industry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="在線服務營運" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Online service provider"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A8%E7%B7%9A%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E7%87%9F%E9%81%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="在線服務營運（页面不存在）">在線服務</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_service_provider" class="extiw" title="en:Online service provider"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Online service provider</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="金融服務">金融</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="保險">保險</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="旅游">旅游和接待</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="酒店業">酒店</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F%E6%A5%AD" title="飲食業">餐飲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97" title="酒店">酒店</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="色情產業">色情</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="第四产业">第四产业</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%84%8F%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="創意產業">創意</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E8%A3%9D" title="時裝">時裝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E4%B8%9A" title="电影业">電影</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="音樂產業">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="电子游戏产业">電子遊戲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD" title="广播">广播</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF%E7%A4%BE" title="通讯社">通讯社</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="无线电产业">无线电</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="电视">电视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="文化产业">文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="醫療衛生產業">医疗卫生产业</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="专业服务" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Professional services"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="专业服务（页面不存在）">专业服务</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_services" class="extiw" title="en:Professional services"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Professional services</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="體育產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sport industry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="體育產業（页面不存在）">體育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_industry" class="extiw" title="en:Sport industry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sport industry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%95%E7%94%A2" title="不動產">不動產</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="教育">教育</a></li> <li>娱乐业 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E8%97%9D%E7%95%8C" title="演藝界">演藝界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AD%E5%A0%B4" title="賭場">賭博</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E8%B3%AD%E5%8D%9A" title="網絡賭博">在線賭博</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="内容产业">内容</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="音像出版業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Audiovisual"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E5%83%8F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音像出版業（页面不存在）">音像</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovisual" class="extiw" title="en:Audiovisual"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Audiovisual</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB" title="日本动画">动画</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="语言产业">语言产业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E9%97%B2%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="休闲产业">休闲产业</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="第五產業">第五產業</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44497#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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