CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91e88de0ad668805',cH: 'lEiUbjxdkL2WLMUg7AFdlOphrAq0bQtuDJDxlrkAC3o-1741669918-1.2.1.1-1W271imqo4vCCRMOSJoIpZlvn476mpUU6Nqldgp4TAarztBJumJGBZSKrbobOwjT',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20Ibrahim&__cf_chl_tk=ryq4bTOefc3I.BgkDNeb9H8ha7.w3CTBpeYFQpCB8rg-1741669918-1.0.1.1-mJKHbjalGZCeP2_V4_Rfn1Hr8gZPMcyNxOHl4fEWOgo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741669918',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20Ibrahim&__cf_chl_f_tk=ryq4bTOefc3I.BgkDNeb9H8ha7.w3CTBpeYFQpCB8rg-1741669918-1.0.1.1-mJKHbjalGZCeP2_V4_Rfn1Hr8gZPMcyNxOHl4fEWOgo",md: "o.iSz2nFxFv5uNCCY4CodTQcjJO4HM1XyzQl907SJag-1741669918-1.2.1.1-rFUVPqymCLeT_HqM_RuCnUwdLNrEQzoICXGGr6FkRY6cGilIrnHDAR8cY0bR8wuM0CaQ8N7ZhYXeHUTbhjcYfs.bSJQW4DXr2UZH3LGuJvG23VKKKWt4W4OPbnZQA7UbvTTfmjyQUmDDAnTVWbHKcWmiaMkKKlXH1AX5EthHGU96nz6UNkEVRLFlGOoGy9eBNC6zi.Z_vBPjncCDUdrHKzdEnNYKYFTlP1MTBai_NFUpF.OsEoAFLSs7GLq.kXSkzaLI3_WnW5pXoFIwReNu5ycdTlIUPmm2M8KVlU_f1eQaW.IwAvnS0o2dW1jWYhSSK41xZxVImtv2sS.4GWMKXMzkpSfXiVlEkZbz3R3hOzUWdLlvVLtsvOYqY6tMB._9Ozh9w.tnZzgkZKugH_LNMbe9jMUoW0cN94s40SAoJkuWfDbQIVCbAh99xemMl7tJH.Y3eT5avDw4albwgg1W7_HAEBXQNGk_.OHVkmYqGeE8g8Zxql3o.jYyGbXdYu3NtU702xKxFahnqw.vj6mF6OsVzdjo.dXF67w2MCZa4X5lOnO_pBLlEwmp0V1wV.thqRVsQqHjmVM9O7luqoum51oO7XIRQEoTwVVob6.FF5fi4yFPVjT_Zv28bn8GZ0.HOLZUQrIMQYdoB_bK9hCrYK56VMr3mEY_2MKHhgSctrqVbaKjJUBnWKcR3VG4lfu_jSk6ia.L_1aySTa5rJXwwLbiky7s6q3z0Ku02zO9ORPqFm34F6t895_sSVK.sCYaO2PW5aUfIte8ycq9ir2UukQeD9AgPAfyrh8Y6qiJ29eByoMNngiq03LN.OobLg2AFh_BjKeFHonNvl2yhph0KMbW0MzlYtk_JK9fud00YVx.W5SYaY5l4gWd45ik1MsrT8.KS96DfKANJttn1vKgzvicVAdLuddVe0kh4xUMAP4WrvgkgFe3NwceImNeRNkhmuQoXBiuqZqBa9v3oqTd7ZSkgUING9B6ZEc1Mo36Areul23QG6U7VO8bb2WCUko5pzanW1qnVEga1EcTqe0ltEV_i9b.Mb27raodpV0RhqtuYvvBKDEOdAtRBaR3jdBPyHw9G5FC3AyppHlXQj0mabeOU4g8c3g_LfaiwbDrXj7pM7MnZeTkkZiaDD_67FRegWOaqWFT6oCDxESvw8z0SwzwDgPLiIkRbVI1R7n4.MEIINHD3RNjCqfH1qVpqw7Towi9zHWtRqyFJ.peBrr3ToK4HqOsYHD17Sc3.TVhSfVswoWxaOs_6MDOYXlqKVi8E1A7PSqjp3U3viHuzkilAg",mdrd: "ZD_MO7HY9Un3kA1LMfyDb80JlOPOYZa4iPHeaVAoxZU-1741669918-1.2.1.1-VKmOuBha_WflEIyCSao8zD5iQVTYvg_0UfATTHoCiAhNWkpypoLaaKYeoC_jr1eb2DgX8S4G3QudelZMTGkRUuBKHdVrk1lrtbde0ovGNvZeK6OlBkgnGF428GMeHozKRzPb_xCH4OVxP9HSl.DTZQ8iUeQGxJRkSL10EojLWUbYi8.BJ6i.aUTBn2fM9VVdVNmxEVH8.GyslG3VlaIB8WQ10vNBPXOJOx1B8Gqxw_QDIeJ_qG938cR5OqBEtQhOwNC8w_Y08Yl55XQfQgdKfBx8dI3yl9kDOY5dRS5o3EDRFu6EOcul6iud8pHJVqFbZhblr7zghEeW0mBenn_GOFL5QgpaF85p_POv8NBEr_fJUaomT6Ickcd5Adpj9X9ejQdayEj394UVaPuAi7FCM7nYNSobQrEbikriZU0BZn7mqEqUt_kSG7F_cQQuK1stM.BbrPzuo9qt0nvIGlWVJoR9BOGIafLSHD0ihGnh3PtVuSoNV31l9uHKEIXhnoOwYQPu2ZpBZUDdfJ4kaLjjPwYTOSK7AlKutqZ_kZ7IBKAZ.957bCoOea1l3KtC.snpOHJDSlByvGX6pALGik9k.yjhYE4RaAgT3rle37OggBhgLDVh5JwGhy1EoJDmACB33XQTCC_RX8Uj6TIBhZkm_UQMNnDeNjSUg010uOOzEVh9TNDuordFbkDUfWCnf8zKIvuDXkja3WUlUE.OW6Sks8ibVVfSdYC4HRONS5tByfm5ehvjEnG9rU84OymnRvr_P48T56UfpyWE1EysBUdqXoyj_bckyOMQGCdEIaCcQ.NaczKH7OTpEIghFOANoCfnrjUCCYJNk4.UOISIgdkrZ30APDZfJqeqpahCcaO9QbVaa.4WZJV_ASSIBCbJHbFENBkgWB_pRqTCfIU5c9mFf7rwPWfCR7Gy2b8OiLbshhz.dJ5GwBbCsFLmRQgPXN..qkNaQPYHoFAfbZwhFCPxiOMPVjf8ZyQAhUo1TViOu.dAZjDqDJxZhKsGOXSfKeDTXAhZczyS3Y7_eyBqv_DNSPKGVJFbTQRGMUrk5auxc4ZoMw2kYs9X3Rdr2j.BwtMOK.Mhgi4N7h3eMScbdlGl38NIaITbMJRZubThBrLMvLehWYThpVThKDcFwTZSWeg1r5pBQcpgUz3Jg4IFdWeJd6kwTBSvQrUsn1aPu3sW_Ois_E8tLrU2Tzjball1AjS.EiCcTL4JVv_sliDWha.rVjBiu7_NWtXF29zh4fa0pr4OqxeiW_UF1BpvFDbD.viL6wIguNMARjixBNVOz.YRYon_Ity.kxGlJsvbdfgh9f0wtI_obdgV0TdQtRQqCoce07rXB2x3Zom26t0BTR.2qPGTkjOMc_wb03IKsZ8DCim1GywFf3gVrPhX2hKTrStuD.5gIbijOujUspZntAGysqcORUYOZjCbiosOtg0HE4vqn6AOCz6hd4Qbnbt.w5nqWadEOG4wmZvf.z3j3Mvz15ff_POovQLf.nZTzgAZ1JM_WAhM6SfybyaUfkRRbLniZmBhda0hWK1DQI0W3hvl3J.O1nSiRGTfArNy2PC7d1uPGPrF0ID.4osjx..V3R430pHsYKo.w113YHjYAmhms8evPl1jmGknVSn3MSXKfFIjdvvqnwOP1NXJt97vqfb7QOoUsSEgTtHyIGKMbTlQK1ag3exKc4JPwfQinPyHnlb6DbI1tQOgvMnO7KTKOaGOjOUUc3Yk66UE91sv7OwviTXbDGpodO8lNmkVB.A1i4_ECi21nhZQG_ZLXeLLs5AJBEGZwHW.SPjj2.Of9Jl7fz1ir4eMq_fGl26m4pLaou9rQ3UNc20wtXyLgy4m71jj3hUMya6d_pN8tzU2SBb1Z8AsanDaXwqCXZKOLvHtJWncX6OdfLxWsa2IGKJI.wQxPazeIYdvdUjypqIhF6LJ7pENt_i6iBnJoNI4PkolvoFVUYMI1oiPOqUISFjmks7gPBjYXzNXvzZL1vnWo_fnyA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91e88de0ad668805';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ahmed%20Ibrahim&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ryq4bTOefc3I.BgkDNeb9H8ha7.w3CTBpeYFQpCB8rg-1741669918-1.0.1.1-mJKHbjalGZCeP2_V4_Rfn1Hr8gZPMcyNxOHl4fEWOgo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>