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href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia information page</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;">This is an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#How-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">information page</a>. <div style="font-size: 90%;">It is not an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">encyclopedic article</a>, nor one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Wikipedia's norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Achieving_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">vetting</a>.</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The various English dictionaries use different and sometimes conflicting <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions for English. For example, the transcription /i/ may be used for the vowel of sit, of seat, or at the end of city. A dictionary may not even be consistent between one edition and the next. This table correlates the more widely used dictionaries with the conventions of the <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">IPA key that is used on Wikipedia</a>. Most dictionaries transcribe a specific dialect or accent, such as the <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a> (RP) of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>, or a narrow range of dialects. Wikipedia's IPA key, on the other hand, is intended to cover RP, <a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">General American</a>, Australian, and other national standards. As such, Wikipedia transcribes /r/ where it is found in rhotic dialects, but also the vowel distinctions found in non-rhotic dialects, without distinct UK and US transcriptions. Specific dialects may also be transcribed—local pronunciations of place names are often useful, for example—but they are normally written in addition to a more universal pronunciation. When entering IPA in an article, please use the {{<a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a>}} template so that it is formatted properly on all web browsers. /Slashes/ and [brackets] should be included inside the IPA template, so that they display in the same font as the IPA itself. Also, please use proper stress ˈ and length ː marks (available at the bottom of your edit window) rather than the non-IPA shortcuts of apostrophe ⟨'⟩ and colon ⟨:⟩; depending on the reader's font preferences, the latter can be ambiguous. For a list of those languages other than English which have agreed-upon transcriptions in Wikipedia, see {{<a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_keys" title="Template:IPA keys">IPA keys</a>}}. For a comparison of the non-IPA transcriptions found in many US dictionaries, see <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Pronunciation respelling for English</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Alternative_pronunciations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alternative_pronunciations">Alternative pronunciations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Alternative pronunciations">edit</a>]</div> When dictionaries give alternative pronunciations, they may mean that people disagree. For example, some people pronounce bath /bæθ/, with the vowel of bat, while others with the same accent pronounce it /bɑːθ/, with the vowel of bra. This is the kind of difference celebrated in "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Call_the_Whole_Thing_Off" title="Let's Call the Whole Thing Off">You like to-may-toes; I like to-mah-toes</a>". On Wikipedia, we would normally need to transcribe both, unless only one is considered correct, as may be the case for personal and place names. However, often variant transcriptions reflect distinctions between accents, and these we do not need to transcribe, since our IPA key already covers such distinctions. For example, Merriam-Webster transcribes merry as "/ˈmɛri/" and marry as "/ˈmɛri, ˈmæri/". The two transcriptions of marry are meant to show that some people pronounce it the same as merry; it does not mean that there are two pronunciations of marry among those who either do or do not make this distinction (see <a href="/wiki/Mary%E2%80%93marry%E2%80%93merry_merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary–marry–merry merger">Mary–marry–merry merger</a>). It would not be possible to have the song lyric "You say marry and I say merry", because only those people who say those words differently would be able to sing it. Therefore on Wikipedia we would only have one transcription for each: merry <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɛri/</a>, marry <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmæri/</a>. Since the IPA key defines the orthographic conventions of <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɛr/</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ær/</a> according to basic English words, readers who do not make the marry–merry distinction will see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɛr/</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ær/</a> as being equivalent, much as the spelling pronunciations YOU-clid and EWE-clid for "Euclid" would be seen as equivalent. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Consonants" data-mw-thread-id="h-Consonants">Consonants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Consonants">edit</a>]</div> Consonants vary little between dictionaries. The ones which do are those in the words: <dl><dd>rich, char /r ~ ɹ ~ (r) ~ (ɹ) ~ ∅/;</dd> <dd>which, /ʍ ~ hw ~ (h)w ~ w/;</dd> <dd>and new, /juː ~ uː/.</dd></dl> Wikipedia editors have decided to go with <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/rɪtʃ/</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/tʃɑːr/</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/hwɪtʃ/</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/njuː/</a> for these words. A few dictionaries, such as dictionary.com, use "/y/" for /j/, which is at odds with the official IPA usage, which defines /y/ as <a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">close front rounded vowel</a> (as in French tu or German über), and appears as such in transcriptions of French and German, as well as some dialects of English. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Vowels" data-mw-thread-id="h-Vowels">Vowels</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vowels">edit</a>]</div> The following tables compare the broad IPA pronunciation scheme of some dictionaries to the one used on Wikipedia. The overview is not exhaustive, but major pronouncing dictionaries have been included. Highlight colors: <ul><li>Green highlights pronunciation symbols that are the same as on Wikipedia (disregarding a syllable divider when it does not mean a two-syllable pronunciation, but only that the /r/ belongs to the next syllable, and disregarding different symbolizations of the syllable divider or of /r/);</li> <li>yellow highlights pronunciation symbols that differ only in the use of the length symbol ⟨ː⟩, in parentheses, in superscripts, in non-rhotic dropped /r/, or in inserting an optional sign;</li> <li>red highlights pronunciation symbols that use different signs.</li></ul> Other conventions: <ul><li>A question mark (?) means that the sound has not been found in the respective dictionary.</li> <li>A blank cell means that the dictionary has not been checked.</li> <li>A slash (/) separates variant pronunciations signs. The order of the variant pronunciation symbols is the same as in the source.</li> <li>Smaller text (like so) highlights variant pronunciations that are not preferred (only some dictionaries make such a distinction).</li> <li>A comma (,) separates different pronunciation depending on the word or depending on the region. The differences are explained in a footnote or by broadly specifying the region.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Checked_vowels" data-mw-thread-id="h-Checked_vowels-Vowels">Checked vowels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Checked vowels">edit</a>]</div> <table class="IPA wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Checked_and_free_vowels" title="Checked and free vowels">Checked vowels</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">WP</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">example word </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 1930 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 2003 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman Pronunciation Dictionary">Longman</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">OALD</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>2 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">dict</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/SOED" class="mw-redirect" title="SOED">SOED</a> </th> <th colspan="2">OED3 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kenyon_and_Knott" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyon and Knott">K&K</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Dictionary" title="Macquarie Dictionary">Mac</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Windsor_Lewis" title="Jack Windsor Lewis">WL</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seas3.elte.hu/cube/">CUBE</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th title="EPD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="EPD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="dict BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="dict AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="K&K GA">(<a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a>) </th> <th title="K&K ES">(<a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English"><abbr title="Eastern and Southern American English">ES</abbr></a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/æ/</a> </th> <td>trap </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">a </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">a </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">æ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">a </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ær/</a> </th> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>carry </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er/ær </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ar </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ar </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ær </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">aɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɛ/</a> </th> <td>dress </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɛr/</a> </th> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>merry </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛr </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪ/</a> </th> <td>kit </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">i </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪr/</a> </th> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>mirror </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ir </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪr </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɒ/</a> </th> <td>lot </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ɔ </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑː </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑː </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɑ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ɑ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">o </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɒr/</a> </th> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>forage </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ɔr </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒr </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒr </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːr/ɑː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒr </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒr </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔr/ɒr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔr/ɑr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɔr/ɑr/ɒr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ɔr/ɑr/ɒr </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɒr </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">or, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ɔr </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʊ/</a> </th> <td>foot </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">u </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ᴜ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ᴜ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɵ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʊr/</a> </th> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>courier </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ur </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr/ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝː/ʊr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr/ʊər </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊər </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɜr/ʊər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr/ʌr/ʊər </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr/ər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ᴜr/ɝ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ᴜr/ɜr/ʌr/ɝ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊr, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ʊr/ɜ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɵɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʌ/</a> </th> <td>strut </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ə </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʌr/</a> </th> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>hurry </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɜːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɜr/ʌr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɝ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ɜr/ʌr/ɝ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌr, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ɜ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʌɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">WP</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">example word </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 1930 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 2003 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman Pronunciation Dictionary">Longman</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">OALD</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>2 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">dict</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/SOED" class="mw-redirect" title="SOED">SOED</a> </th> <th colspan="2">OED3 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kenyon_and_Knott" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyon and Knott">K&K</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Dictionary" title="Macquarie Dictionary">Mac</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Windsor_Lewis" title="Jack Windsor Lewis">WL</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seas3.elte.hu/cube/">CUBE</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th title="EPD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="EPD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="dict BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="dict AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="K&K GA">(<a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a>) </th> <th title="K&K ES">(<a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English"><abbr title="Eastern and Southern American English">ES</abbr></a>) </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_vowels" data-mw-thread-id="h-Free_vowels-Vowels">Free vowels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Free vowels">edit</a>]</div> <table class="IPA wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Checked_and_free_vowels" title="Checked and free vowels">Free vowels</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">WP</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">example word </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 1930 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 2003 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman Pronunciation Dictionary">Longman</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">OALD</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>2 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">dict</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/SOED" class="mw-redirect" title="SOED">SOED</a> </th> <th colspan="2">OED3 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kenyon_and_Knott" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyon and Knott">K&K</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Dictionary" title="Macquarie Dictionary">Mac</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Windsor_Lewis" title="Jack Windsor Lewis">WL</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seas3.elte.hu/cube/">CUBE</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th title="EPD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="EPD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="dict BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="dict AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="K&K GA">(<a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a>) </th> <th title="K&K ES">(<a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English"><abbr title="Eastern and Southern American English">ES</abbr></a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɑː/</a> </th> <td>palm </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">a </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɑːr/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>car </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑːr </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">a </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑ(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>start </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">a </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑ, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ɑr </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>safari, starry </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑː.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">ar </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑr </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɑːɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aɪ/</a> </th> <td>price </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ai </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɑɪ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑj </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aɪər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>fire </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">aiə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪ‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə(r)<a href="#cite_note-nostress-1">[a]</a> </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə<a href="#cite_note-nostress-1">[a]</a> </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪər<a href="#cite_note-nostress-1">[a]</a> </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aɪr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɑɪə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑjə </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>fireman </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">aiə </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪ‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aɪr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɑɪə, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ɑɪər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑjə </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a>, firing </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">aiər </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪə.r, aɪə.r<a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a> </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪ.r, aɪɚ<a href="#cite_note-3">[c]</a> </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪər, aɪ‿ər<a href="#cite_note-4">[d]</a> </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪər, aɪ‿ər<a href="#cite_note-5">[e]</a> </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪr, aɪər<a href="#cite_note-6">[f]</a> </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪr, aɪər<a href="#cite_note-7">[g]</a> </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪər </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪ r </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪr, ʌɪər<a href="#cite_note-8">[h]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪr, ʌɪər<a href="#cite_note-9">[i]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪr, aɪ(ə)r<a href="#cite_note-10">[j]</a> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aɪr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">aɪr </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪər </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɑɪər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑjɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aɪ.ər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>flyer, higher </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">aiə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪ.ər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪ.ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪ‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">aɪə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aɪ ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ʌɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">aɪər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aɪɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aɪ•ə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">aɪə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɑɪə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑjə </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aʊ/</a> </th> <td>mouth </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">au </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">aᴜ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">aᴜ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɑʊ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">aw </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aʊər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>flour, hour </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">auə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊr, aʊr/aʊɚ<a href="#cite_note-11">[k]</a> </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊ‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə(r)<a href="#cite_note-nostress-1">[a]</a> </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər/aʊ ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə<a href="#cite_note-nostress-1">[a]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊ(ə)r<a href="#cite_note-nostress-1">[a]</a> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aᴜə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɑʊə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">awə </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>hourglass, hourly </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">auə </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊr/aʊɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊ‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər/aʊ ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aᴜə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə </td> <td title="WL"> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">awə </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>floury </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">auər </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊə.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə.r </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊ‿ər </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər<a href="#cite_note-12">[l]</a> </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər/aʊ ə r </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED3 AE"> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">aᴜər </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊər </td> <td title="WL"> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">awɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/aʊ.ər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>flower </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">auə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊ‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">aʊə/aʊə<a href="#cite_note-nostress-1">[a]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aᴜɚ/aᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">aᴜ•ə(r/aᴜə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɑʊə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">awə </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>flowerbed </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">auə </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊ‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə<a href="#cite_note-13">[m]</a> </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə </td> <td title="OED3 BE"> </td> <td title="OED3 AE"> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">aᴜə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɑʊə, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ɑʊər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">awə </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>flowery </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">auər </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊə.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊ‿ər </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊ‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">aʊ ə r </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">aʊr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">aᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">aᴜər </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">aʊər </td> <td title="WL"> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">awəɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/eɪ/</a> </th> <td>face </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ei </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">e </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛj </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɛər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>square </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">eər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">eə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">eər/æər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">eə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ɛː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɛr/ær </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">æə(r, <abbr title="Eastern">E</abbr>: ɛə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">eə, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: eər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>bairn </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛə </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">eə </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">eə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">eər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">eə </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ɛː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɛr/ær/er </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">æə/eə, <abbr title="Eastern">E</abbr>: ɛə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɛə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">eə, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: eər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>fairy </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛər </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">eə.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">eər </td> <td title="Longman AE"> </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">eər </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">er </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛər </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛər </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ɛːr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛːr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɛr/ɛːr/ær </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ɛr/ɛːr/ær, <abbr title="Southern">S</abbr>: ær/er </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɛər </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">eər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛːɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/eɪ.ər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>prayer<a href="#cite_note-14">[n]</a>, layer </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">eiə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">eɪ.ər, eɪ.ər/eər<a href="#cite_note-15">[o]</a> </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">eɪ.ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">eɪ ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">eɪ ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">eɪə(r)/eə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">eɪər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">eɪə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">eɪə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">eɪ ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">eɪə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">eɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">eɪər/ɛ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">e•ɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">e•ə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">eɪə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">eɪə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɛjə </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/iː/</a> </th> <td>fleece </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">i </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">iː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">i </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">i </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">i </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">i </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">i </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪj </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>near </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">iə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>beard </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">iə </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɪə, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ɪər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>eerie </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">iər </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪə.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">iːr </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr/ir </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr/ir </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪːɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/iːər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>seer, freer </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">i(ː)ə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">iː.ər/ɪər, iː.ər<a href="#cite_note-16">[p]</a> </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">iː.ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">iː‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">iː‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪə(r), iːə(r)<a href="#cite_note-17">[q]</a> </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪr, iːər<a href="#cite_note-18">[r]</a> </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">ɪə(r)/iːə(r), iːə(r)<a href="#cite_note-19">[s]</a> </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">iːə<a href="#cite_note-20">[t]</a> </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">i ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ɪə/iːə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">iːə/ɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">iər/ɪ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">iɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">i•ə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">ɪə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɪə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪjə </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔː/</a> </th> <td>thought </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑː/ɔː </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">oː </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔːr/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>war </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː*/ɔə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔːr </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ɔə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">oː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>north </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ɔə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ɔr </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">oː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>aural </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td style="background:PaleGreen">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">oːɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔːər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>drawer<a href="#cite_note-21">[u]</a>, rawer </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː.ər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɑː.ɚ/ɔː.ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːr ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔː‿ər/ɑː‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ɔː(r)ə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔːə </td> <td title="OED3 AE"> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɔ•ɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ•ə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">ɔə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɔə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/oʊ/</a> </th> <td>goat </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ou </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">o </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">o </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">əw </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔːr/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>ore </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː*/ɔə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔːr </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr/oʊr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">ɔə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr/oʊr </td> <td title="SOED"> </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">or/ɔr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">oə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">oː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>force </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr/oʊr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">ɔə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr/oʊr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">or/ɔr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">oə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔ, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ɔr </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">oː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>oral </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔː.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr/oʊr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">ɔər </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr/ɒr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr/oʊr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔːr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">or/ɔr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">or/ɔr, <abbr title="Southern">S</abbr>: or </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">ɒr </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔr, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: or </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">oːɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/oʊ.ər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>mower, lower<a href="#cite_note-22">[v]</a> </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ouə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ.ər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">oʊ.ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">oʊ ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">əʊə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">əʊə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">oʊər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">o•ɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">o•ə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">oʊə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">əʊə, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: əʊər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">əwə </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔɪ/</a> </th> <td>choice </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ɔi </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">oj </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔɪər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>coir </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ɔiə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪ ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪə<a href="#cite_note-nostress-1">[a]</a> </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE"> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪə </td> <td title="WL"> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ojə </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔɪ.ər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>employer </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ɔiə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪ.ər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪ.ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪ ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɔɪ ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪ(j)ər/ɔjər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɔjɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɔɪ•ə(r/ɔjə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">ɔɪə </td> <td title="WL"> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ojə </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/uː/</a> </th> <td>goose </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">u </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">uː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">u </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LemonChiffon;">u </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">u </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">u </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">u </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ʉw </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʊər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>cure </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">uə*/oə*/ɔə*/ɔː* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə/ɔː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə/ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊ(ə)r </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ᴜə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə/uə/ɔ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɵː/oː<a href="#cite_note-23">[w]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>procurement, poorness </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">uə/oə/ɔə/ɔː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə/ɔː, ɔː/ʊə<a href="#cite_note-24">[x]</a> </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɔː/ʊə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊr/ɔːr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə, ɔː/ʊə<a href="#cite_note-25">[y]</a> </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊr, ʊr/ɔːr<a href="#cite_note-26">[z]</a> </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə/ɔː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ur/ʊr </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ᴜə/oə/ɔə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə/uə/ɔ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ʊə/ɔ, <abbr title="American English">AE</abbr>: ʊər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɵː, oː<a href="#cite_note-27">[aa]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>fury </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">uər/oər/ɔər/ɔːr </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊə.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊr </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər/ɔːr </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊr </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər/ɔːr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ur, ʊr<a href="#cite_note-28">[ab]</a> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ᴜr </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ᴜr </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">ur </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɵːɹ/oːɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/uːər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>fewer, sewer<a href="#cite_note-29">[ac]</a> </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">uə*/oə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">uː.ər, ʊər<a href="#cite_note-30">[ad]</a> </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">uː.ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">uː‿ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">uː‿ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">uːə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">uːər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">uːə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">uːə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">u ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">uːə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">uːə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">uər/ʊər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">u•ɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">u•ə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">uə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">uə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ʉwə </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɜːr/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>fur </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">əː* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜːr </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝː </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɜːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">əː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">əː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɝ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜ(r/ɝ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">əː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>nurse </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">əː </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝː </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɜːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜː </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">əː </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">əː </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɝ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜ/ɝ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜ </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">əː </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>furry </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">əːr </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɜː.r </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝː </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɜːr </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɝː </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɜːr </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɜːr </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɜːr </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɜːr </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜr </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">əːr </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">əːr </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">ər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɝ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜr/ɝ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜr </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ɜr </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">əːɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">WP</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">example word </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 1930 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 2003 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman Pronunciation Dictionary">Longman</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">OALD</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>2 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">dict</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/SOED" class="mw-redirect" title="SOED">SOED</a> </th> <th colspan="2">OED3 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kenyon_and_Knott" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyon and Knott">K&K</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Dictionary" title="Macquarie Dictionary">Mac</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Windsor_Lewis" title="Jack Windsor Lewis">WL</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seas3.elte.hu/cube/">CUBE</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th title="EPD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="EPD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="dict BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="dict AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="K&K GA">(<a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a>) </th> <th title="K&K ES">(<a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English"><abbr title="Eastern and Southern American English">ES</abbr></a>) </th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nostress-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nostress_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nostress_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nostress_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nostress_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nostress_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nostress_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nostress_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nostress_1-7">h</a> If there are no other syllables, the word bears no stress mark, indicating a mono-syllabic pronunciation. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> EPD (BE): /aɪə.r/ in irony, Irish; /aɪə.r/ in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> EPD (AE): /aɪ.r/ in irony, Irish; /aɪɚ/ in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Longman (BE): /aɪər/ in irony; /aɪ‿ər/ in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Longman (AE): /aɪər/ in irony; /aɪ‿ər/ in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> OALD (BE): aɪr in irony; aɪər in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> OALD (AE): aɪr in irony; aɪər in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> SOED: /ʌɪr/ in irony; /ʌɪər/ in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> OED3 (BE): /ʌɪr/ in irony; /ʌɪər/ in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> OED3 (AE): /aɪr/ in irony; /aɪ(ə)r/ in firing. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> EPD (AE): /aʊr/ in flour; /aʊr/ or /aʊɚ/ in hour. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> dict (BE): In dowry. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> dict (BE): In flowerless. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Person who prays. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> EPD (BE): /eɪ.ər/ in prayer; /eɪ.ər/ or /eər/ in layer. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> EPD (BE): /iː.ər/ or /ɪər/ in seer; /iː.ər/ in freer. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> OALD (BE): ɪə(r) in seer; iːə(r) in freer. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> OALD (AE): ɪr in seer; iːər in freer. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> /ɪə(r)/ or /iːə(r)/ in seer; /iːə(r)/ in freer. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> dict (BE): In overseer. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Person who draws. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Cause to descend, or <a href="/wiki/Comparative" title="Comparative">comp.</a> of low. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://englishspeechservices.com/blog/british-vowels/">english speech services | The British English vowel system</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> EPD (BE): /ʊə/ or /ɔː/ in procurement; /ɔː/ or /ʊə/ in poorhouse. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> OALD (BE): /ʊə/ in procurement; /ɔː/ or /ʊə/ in poorhouse. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> OALD (AE): /ʊr/ in procurement; /ʊr/ or /ɔːr/ in poorhouse. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> CUBE: /ɵː/ in procurement; /oː/ in poorhouse. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> OED3 (AE): /ur/ in fury; /ʊr/ in lurid. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Drain. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> EPD (BE): /uː.ər/ in fewer; /ʊər/ in sewer. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reduced_vowels" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reduced_vowels-Vowels">Reduced vowels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reduced vowels">edit</a>]</div> <table class="IPA wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Stress_and_vowel_reduction_in_English" title="Stress and vowel reduction in English">Reduced vowels</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">WP</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">example word </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 1930 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 2003 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman Pronunciation Dictionary">Longman</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">OALD</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>2 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">dict</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/SOED" class="mw-redirect" title="SOED">SOED</a> </th> <th colspan="2">OED3 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kenyon_and_Knott" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyon and Knott">K&K</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Dictionary" title="Macquarie Dictionary">Mac</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Windsor_Lewis" title="Jack Windsor Lewis">WL</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seas3.elte.hu/cube/">CUBE</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th title="EPD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="EPD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="dict BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="dict AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="K&K GA">(<a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a>) </th> <th title="K&K ES">(<a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English"><abbr title="Eastern and Southern American English">ES</abbr></a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ə/</a> </th> <td>comma, ago </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ən/</a> </th> <td>kitten </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">n </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ən </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ən </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ən </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ən </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">n </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">n </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">(ə)n </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ən </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LightPink;">n </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">(ə)n </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">n̩ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ən </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">n̩ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">n̩ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">n </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">n </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ən </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/əm/</a> </th> <td>rhythm </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">m </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">əm </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">əm </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">əm </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">əm </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">(ə)m </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">m̩ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm/m̩ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm/m̩ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">m </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əm </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/əl/</a> </th> <td>middle </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">l </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">l̩ </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">l̩ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">əl </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">əl </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LightPink;">l </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:LightPink;">l </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">(ə)l </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əl </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:LightPink;">l </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">(ə)l </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">l̩/əl </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">(ə)l </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">l̩ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">l̩ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LightPink;">l </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">l </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əl </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ər/</a> </th> <th title="at the end of a word">_∅ </th> <td>letter </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə* </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə(r) </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə(r) </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə(r </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə(r) </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a consonant">_C </th> <td>bittersweet </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɚ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ə </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td> <td title="WL"> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ə </td></tr> <tr> <th title="before a vowel">_V </th> <td>murderer </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ər </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:LightPink;">ɚ </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">‿ər </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">ər </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər<a href="#cite_note-31">[a]</a> </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LemonChiffon;">(ə)r </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LemonChiffon;">(ə)r </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ər </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əɹ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/i/</a> </th> <td>happy </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">ɪ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ɪ </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ɪ </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">i </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ɪ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ɪj </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/u/</a> </th> <td>situation, actuate </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:LightPink;">uː </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">ʊ </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">ʊ </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:LightPink;">əw </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">ᴜ/əw<a href="#cite_note-32">[b]</a> </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">ᴜ/əw<a href="#cite_note-33">[c]</a> </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">u </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">ʊ </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:LightPink;">ʉw </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪ, ə/</a> </th> <td>roses, enough, enounce, emission, mistress </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">i, i/ə, i/iː, i(ː)<a href="#cite_note-34">[d]</a> </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ɪ/ə, ə/ɪ, ɪ/iː<a href="#cite_note-35">[e]</a> </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ɪ/ə, ɪ/iː<a href="#cite_note-36">[f]</a> </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ/ə, ɪ/ə/iː, ɪ/iː, ə/ɪ<a href="#cite_note-37">[g]</a> </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə, ɪ/ə, ɪ/ə/iː, ɪ/iː, ə/ɪ<a href="#cite_note-38">[h]</a> </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ə<a href="#cite_note-39">[i]</a> </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ə<a href="#cite_note-40">[j]</a> </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, iː/ɪ<a href="#cite_note-41">[k]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ᵻ<a href="#cite_note-42">[l]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ə<a href="#cite_note-43">[m]</a> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ə/ɪ, i<a href="#cite_note-44">[n]</a> </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ə/ɪ, i<a href="#cite_note-45">[o]</a> </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə, ə/i, i<a href="#cite_note-46">[p]</a> </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ɪ/ə, ə/ɪ<a href="#cite_note-47">[q]</a> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ɪ, ə<a href="#cite_note-48">[r]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/oʊ, ə/</a> </th> <td>follow, cooperate, omission, kilogram </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">ou, ou, o/ou/ə, o/ə<a href="#cite_note-49">[s]</a> </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ, əʊ<a href="#cite_note-50">[t]</a> </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ, oʊ/ə<a href="#cite_note-51">[u]</a> </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ, əʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-52">[v]</a> </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ, oʊ/ə, ə<a href="#cite_note-53">[w]</a> </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-54">[x]</a> </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-55">[y]</a> </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">əʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-56">[z]</a> </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-57">[aa]</a> </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ, ə(ʊ), ə<a href="#cite_note-58">[ab]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ, ə(ʊ), ə<a href="#cite_note-59">[ac]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ, oʊ/ə, ə<a href="#cite_note-60">[ad]</a> </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:LightPink;">o/ə, o, ə<a href="#cite_note-61">[ae]</a> </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:LightPink;">o/ə, o, ə<a href="#cite_note-62">[af]</a> </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">oʊ, oʊ/ə, ə<a href="#cite_note-63">[ag]</a> </td> <td title="WL" style="background:LightPink;">əʊ, ə/əʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-64">[ah]</a> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">əw, ə<a href="#cite_note-65">[ai]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʊ, ə/</a> </th> <td>beautiful, curriculum </td> <td title="EPD 1930" style="background:LightPink;">u, u/ə<a href="#cite_note-66">[aj]</a> </td> <td title="EPD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə/ʊ, ə/ʊ<a href="#cite_note-67">[ak]</a> </td> <td title="EPD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə/ʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-68">[al]</a> </td> <td title="Longman BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə/ʊ, ʊ/ə<a href="#cite_note-69">[am]</a> </td> <td title="Longman AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə/ʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-70">[an]</a> </td> <td title="OALD BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">–, ə<a href="#cite_note-71">[ao]</a> </td> <td title="OALD AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">–, ə<a href="#cite_note-72">[ap]</a> </td> <td title="OED2" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="dict BE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ </td> <td title="dict AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="SOED" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ/(ə), ʊ<a href="#cite_note-73">[aq]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 BE" style="background:LightPink;">(ᵿ), ᵿ<a href="#cite_note-74">[ar]</a> </td> <td title="OED3 AE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td> <td title="K&K GA" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə<a href="#cite_note-75">[as]</a> </td> <td title="K&K ES" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə<a href="#cite_note-76">[at]</a> </td> <td title="Mac" style="background:PaleGreen;">ʊ, ə<a href="#cite_note-77">[au]</a> </td> <td title="WL" style="background:PaleGreen;">–, ʊ<a href="#cite_note-78">[av]</a> </td> <td title="CUBE" style="background:PaleGreen;">ə </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">WP</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">example word </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 1930 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">EPD</a> 2003 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Longman_Pronunciation_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman Pronunciation Dictionary">Longman</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">OALD</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>2 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">dict</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/SOED" class="mw-redirect" title="SOED">SOED</a> </th> <th colspan="2">OED3 </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kenyon_and_Knott" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyon and Knott">K&K</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Dictionary" title="Macquarie Dictionary">Mac</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Windsor_Lewis" title="Jack Windsor Lewis">WL</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seas3.elte.hu/cube/">CUBE</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th title="EPD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="EPD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="Longman AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OALD AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="dict BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="dict AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 BE">(<a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">BE</a>) </th> <th title="OED3 AE">(<a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">AE</a>) </th> <th title="K&K GA">(<a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a>) </th> <th title="K&K ES">(<a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English"><abbr title="Eastern and Southern American English">ES</abbr></a>) </th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> dict (BE): In murderous. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> K&K (GA): /ˌsɪtʃᴜˈeʃən/ or /ˌsɪtʃəˈweʃən/. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> K&K (ES): /ˌsɪtʃᴜˈeʃən/ or /ˌsɪtʃəˈweʃən/. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> EPD 1930: /i/ in roses, mistress; /i/ or /ə/ in enough; /i/ or /iː/ in emission; /i(ː)/ in enounce. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> EPD (BE): /ɪ/ in roses, enounce; /ɪ/ or /ə/ in enough; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in mistress; /ɪ/ or /iː/ in emission. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> EPD (AE): /ɪ/ in roses, enounce, mistres; /ɪ/ or /ə/ in enough; /ɪ/ or /iː/ in emission. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Longman (BE): /ɪ/ or /ə/ in roses, enough; /ɪ/ or /ə, iː/ in emission; /ɪ/ or /iː/ in enounce; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in mistress. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Longman (AE): /ə/ in roses; /ɪ/ or /ə/ in enough; /ɪ/ or /ə, iː/ in emission; /ɪ/ or /iː/ in enounce; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in mistress. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> OALD (BE): /ɪ/ in enough, emission; /ə/ in mistress </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> OALD (AE): /ɪ/ in enough, emission; /ə/ in mistress </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> SOED: /ɪ/ in enough, emission, mistress; /iː/ or /ɪ/ in enounce. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> OED3 (BE): /ɪ/ in enough, enounce, emission, react; /ᵻ/ in mistress, design, beautiful. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> OED3 (AE): /ɪ/ in enough, enounce, emission; /ə/ in mistress. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> K&K (GA): /ɪ/ in roses, emission, mistress; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in enough; /i/ in enounce. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> K&K (ES): /ɪ/ in roses, emission, mistress; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in enough; /i/ in enounce. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Mac: /ə/ in roses, mistress; /ə/ or /i/ in emission, enough; /i/ in enounce. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> WL: /ɪ/ in emission; /ɪ/ or /ə/ in enough; /ə/ or /ɪ/ in mistress. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> CUBE: /ɪ/ in roses, enough, emission; /ə/ in mistress. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> EPD 1930: /ou/ in follow; /ou/ in cooperate; /o/ or /ou/, /ə/ in omission; /o/ or /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> EPD (BE): /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /əʊ/ in omission, kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> EPD (AE): /oʊ/ in follow, cooperate, omission; /oʊ/ or /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Longman (BE): /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /əʊ/ in omission, kilobyte; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Longman (AE): /oʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /oʊ/ or /ə/ in omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> OALD (BE): /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /ə/ in omission, kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> OALD (AE): /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /ə/ in omission, kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> OED2: /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate, omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> dict (AE): /oʊ/ in cooperate, follow, omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> SOED: /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /ə(ʊ)/ in omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> OED3 (BE): /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /ə(ʊ)/ in omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> OED (AE): /oʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /oʊ/ or /ə/ in omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> K&K (GA): /o/ or /ə/ in follow; /o/ in cooperate, omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> K&K (ES): /o/ or /ə/ in follow; /o/ in cooperate, omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Mac: /oʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /oʊ/ or /ə/ omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> WL: /əʊ/ in follow, cooperate; /ə/ or /əʊ/ in omission; /ə/ in kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> CUBE: /əw/ in follow, cooperate; /ə/ in omission, kilogram. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> EPD 1930: /u/ in beautiful; /u/ or /ə/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> EPD (BE): /ə/ or /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ə/ or /ʊ/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> EPD (AE): /ə/ or /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ə/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Longman (BE): /ə/ or /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ʊ/ or /ə/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Longman (AE): /ə/ or /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ə/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> OALD (BE): – in beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/; /ə/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> OALD (BE): – in beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/; /ə/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> SOED: /ʊ/ or /(ə)/ in beautiful; /ʊ/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> OED3 (BE): /(ᵿ)/ in beautiful; /ᵿ/ in pendulum. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> K&K (GA): /ə/ in beautiful, curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> K&K (ES): /ə/ in beautiful, curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Mac: /ʊ/ in beautiful; /ə/ in curriculum. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> WL: – in beautiful /ˈbjutəfl/; /ʊ/ in curriculum. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Stress" data-mw-thread-id="h-Stress">Stress</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stress">edit</a>]</div> Stress need not be included in the notation of a monosyllabic word since it is self-evident. In phrases, however, it is advised to include stress even of a monosyllabic word because a lack of stress may indicate a different pronunciation than intended. For example, in the name <a href="/wiki/Zack_de_la_Rocha" title="Zack de la Rocha">Zack de la Rocha</a>, Zack and Rocha have stress, but de la does not: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈzæk dɛlə ˈroʊtʃə/</a>. It would therefore convey an incorrect pronunciation to leave the stress mark off Zack. OED2 does not indicate stress on monosyllables, but uses the stress mark to disambiguate disyllables: higher (ˈhaɪə(r)) vs. hire (haɪə(r)). On WP, the distinction is made with the aid of the syllabification mark: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈhaɪ.ər/</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/haɪər/</a>. Dictionaries also disagree on secondary stress. Generally, any stressed syllable prior to the last is marked as secondary (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌzæk dɛlə ˈroʊtʃə/</a>), and that convention is followed here. However, several dictionaries also mark full (unreduced) vowels as having secondary stress when they come after the primary stress, even though they are not actually stressed: cerebrate, dict.com /ˈsɛrəˌbreɪt/, OED2 (ˈsɛrɪbreɪt). This practice is avoided on Wikipedia; if you have a word transcribed /ˈCVˌCV/, it should probably be /ˈCVCV/: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsɛrɪbreɪt/</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJones1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (1930) [1917]. An English Pronouncing Dictionary (Revised ed.). London, Toronto: J. M. Dent & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=London%2C+Toronto&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26+Sons&rft.date=1930&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FConventions+for+English" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2003) [1917]. Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.). English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FConventions+for+English" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenyonKnott1953" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Samuel_Kenyon" title="John Samuel Kenyon">Kenyon, John Samuel</a>; Knott, Thomas Albert (1953). <a href="/wiki/Kenyon_and_Knott" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyon and Knott">A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English</a>. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Pronouncing+Dictionary+of+American+English&rft.place=Springfield%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Merriam&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=John+Samuel&rft.au=Knott%2C+Thomas+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FConventions+for+English" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Dictionary" title="Macquarie Dictionary">The Macquarie Dictionary</a>. McMahons Point, NSW, Australia: Macquary Library. 1982.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Macquarie+Dictionary&rft.place=McMahons+Point%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Macquary+Library&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FConventions+for+English" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, J. C.</a> (2003) [1990]. Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Longman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FConventions+for+English" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindsor_Lewis1972" class="citation book cs1">Windsor Lewis, J. (1972). A Concise Pronouncing Dictionary of British and American English. London: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Pronouncing+Dictionary+of+British+and+American+English&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Windsor+Lewis&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FConventions+for+English" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_keys" title="Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_keys" title="Template talk:IPA keys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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