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<li id="toc-Dutch_bunker_(CB-1)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_bunker_(CB-1)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Dutch bunker (CB-1)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_bunker_(CB-1)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Pirate_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Pirate_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The Pirate Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Pirate_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spamhaus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spamhaus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Spamhaus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spamhaus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traben-Trarbach_bunker_(CB-3)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traben-Trarbach_bunker_(CB-3)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Traben-Trarbach bunker (CB-3)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traben-Trarbach_bunker_(CB-3)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Documentary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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title="CyberBunker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="CyberBunker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberBunker" title="CyberBunker – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="CyberBunker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberBunker" title="CyberBunker – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="CyberBunker" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberBunker" title="CyberBunker – Russian" lang="ru" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CyberBunker&params=51.50216_N_3.90718_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°54′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.50216°N 3.90718°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.50216; 3.90718</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former Internet service provider</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CyberBunker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CyberBunker.jpg/220px-CyberBunker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CyberBunker.jpg/330px-CyberBunker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CyberBunker.jpg/440px-CyberBunker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>The former <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> bunker in <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a> that housed CyberBunker</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CyberBunker_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/CyberBunker_Entrance.jpg/220px-CyberBunker_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/CyberBunker_Entrance.jpg/330px-CyberBunker_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/CyberBunker_Entrance.jpg/440px-CyberBunker_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to the CyberBunker bunker</figcaption></figure> <p><b>CyberBunker</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> that, according to its <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a>, "hosted services to any website except child pornography and anything related to terrorism". The company first operated in a former <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">bunker</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a>, from which it got its name,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later in another former NATO bunker in <a href="/wiki/Traben-Trarbach" title="Traben-Trarbach">Traben-Trarbach</a>, Germany. Sven Olaf Kamphuis referred to CyberBunker as the <i>Republic of CyberBunker</i> and referred to himself as the Minister of Telecommunications and Foreign Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CyberBunker served as a web host for <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a> and as one of the many <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> mirrors.<sup id="cite_ref-MPAA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPAA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CyberBunker has also been accused of being a host for <a href="/wiki/Spam_(electronic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spam (electronic)">spammers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">botnet</a> <a href="/wiki/Botnet#Organization" title="Botnet">command-and-control servers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>, and online scams.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company has also been involved in <a href="/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol" title="Border Gateway Protocol">Border Gateway Protocol</a> hijacks of IP addresses used by <a href="/wiki/Spamhaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Spamhaus">Spamhaus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spamhaus hijack was part of an exceptionally large <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">distributed denial of service attack</a> launched against them in March 2013. Because of the size of this attack it received considerable <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">mainstream media</a> attention. </p><p>As of 2013, CyberBunker listed its address as the bunker, but the location of CyberBunker's servers was unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT033013a_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT033013a-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2019, the <a href="/wiki/German_police" class="mw-redirect" title="German police">German police</a> stormed and shut down the company's operations in its bunker in Traben-Trarbach. Seven suspects were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CyberBunker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_bunker_(CB-1)"><span id="Dutch_bunker_.28CB-1.29"></span>Dutch bunker (CB-1)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CyberBunker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dutch bunker (CB-1)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1995, Herman-Johan Xennt bought a 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m<sup>2</sup>) bunker just outside the small town of <a href="/wiki/Kloetinge" title="Kloetinge">Kloetinge</a> in the south of the Netherlands, which had been formerly used by <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DutchProfile_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DutchProfile-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was built in 1955. The bunker, originally used as a wartime Provincial Military Command Center (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Provinciaal Militair Commando</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces of the Netherlands">Dutch military</a>, was built to withstand a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear attack">nuclear attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bunker was de-assessed by the Dutch military in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With collaborators, Xennt formed the CyberBunker company within the bunker, to offer "bulletproof hosting" of web sites.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DutchProfile_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DutchProfile-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's customers during the 1990s consisted largely of pornography web sites.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DutchProfile_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DutchProfile-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its policy was to accept any web site except those related to child pornography and terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-MITSecurityBook_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MITSecurityBook-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, a fire broke out in the Dutch bunker. After the fire was put out, it was discovered that besides Internet hosting services, an <a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA</a> laboratory was in operation.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DutchProfile_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DutchProfile-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of the four men charged with the operation of the lab were convicted to three-year prison sentences; the fourth was acquitted due to a lack of evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the fire the local town denied the company a business license, resulting in the CyberBunker servers being moved to above-ground locations, including <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ArsTechnica_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArsTechnica-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its publicity, the company continued to claim that it operated from the bunker.<sup id="cite_ref-ArsTechnica_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArsTechnica-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 March 2013, the secure data storage company BunkerInfra issued a press release stating they had been the owners of the Kloetinge bunker since 2010, that any claims made by CyberBunker regarding their continued usage of the complex were false, and that they have not been operating from the bunker since the fire in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Businessweek" class="mw-redirect" title="Businessweek">Businessweek</a></i> reported them as stating that the bunker was "full of junk" when they acquired it, and quoted Guido Blaauw, their general manager, as stating that the CyberBunker publicity material was "all <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Photoshop</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Businessweek20130404_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Businessweek20130404-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Pirate_Bay">The Pirate Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CyberBunker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Pirate Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2009 <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent tracker</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a>, which had been subjected to legal action by various anti-<a href="/wiki/Software_piracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Software piracy">piracy</a> groups including <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> copyright organisation <a href="/wiki/Bescherming_Rechten_Entertainment_Industrie_Nederland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bescherming Rechten Entertainment Industrie Nederland">BREIN</a>, moved away from Sweden to CyberBunker. In 2010 the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> district court ruled that CyberBunker, operating in Germany as <i>CB3Rob Ltd & Co KG</i>, was no longer allowed to host The Pirate Bay, being subject to a <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>250,000 fine or up to two years' imprisonment for each infringement.<sup id="cite_ref-MPAA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPAA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spamhaus">Spamhaus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CyberBunker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spamhaus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2011, <a href="/wiki/Spamhaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Spamhaus">Spamhaus</a> identified CyberBunker as providing hosting for spammers and contacted their <a href="/wiki/Upstream_(networking)" title="Upstream (networking)">upstream provider</a>, A2B, asking that service be cancelled. A2B initially refused, blocking only a single <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> linked to spamming. Spamhaus responded by blacklisting all of A2B's address space. A2B capitulated, dropping CyberBunker, but then filed complaints with the Dutch police against Spamhaus for extortion.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2013, Spamhaus added CyberBunker to its blacklist. Shortly afterwards a <a href="/wiki/Distributed_denial_of_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed denial of service">distributed denial of service</a> (DDoS) attack of previously unreported scale (peaking at 300 <a href="/wiki/Gbit/s" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbit/s">Gbit/s</a>; an average large-scale attack is often around 50 Gbit/s, while the largest known previously publicly reported attack was 100 Gbit/s)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was launched against Spamhaus email and web servers using a <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS) amplification attack;<sup id="cite_ref-dnsamplification_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnsamplification-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bunkerattack_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bunkerattack-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of 27 March 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CyberBunker&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the attack had lasted for over a week. Steve Linford, chief executive for Spamhaus, said that they had withstood the attack. Other companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, had made their resources available to help absorb the traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-bunkerattack_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bunkerattack-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attack was being investigated by five different national cyber-police-forces around the world. Spamhaus alleged that Cyberbunker, in cooperation with "criminal gangs" from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and Russia were behind the attack; Cyberbunker did not respond to the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s request for comment on the allegation.<sup id="cite_ref-bunkerattack_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bunkerattack-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cloudflare" title="Cloudflare">Cloudflare</a>, an Internet security firm located in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California, assisting Spamhaus in combating the DoS attack was also targeted. On 28 March 2013, CyberBunker's website went offline for a short period of time, possibly becoming a victim of a DDoS attack themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 April 2013, Sven Olaf Kamphuis, a vocal spokesman for CyberBunker, was arrested at the request of Dutch authorities near <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> by <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Spain" title="Law enforcement in Spain">Spanish Police</a> after collaboration through <a href="/wiki/Eurojust" title="Eurojust">Eurojust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT42613_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT42613-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An anonymous press release uploaded on <a href="/wiki/Pastebin.com" title="Pastebin.com">Pastebin.com</a> the following day demanding the release of Kamphuis threatened more large-scale attacks should he remain in custody.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish authorities reported that Kamphuis operated from a well-equipped bunker and used a van as a mobile computing office. No further information on this bunker was provided.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2013, it was revealed that a second arrest had been made in April in relation to the Spamhaus attack, the suspect being a 16-year-old from <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kamphuis was held for 55 days awaiting extradition to the Netherlands and was later found guilty and sentenced to 240 days in prison. His sentence was suspended, with credit for the 55 days served.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traben-Trarbach_bunker_(CB-3)"><span id="Traben-Trarbach_bunker_.28CB-3.29"></span>Traben-Trarbach bunker (CB-3)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CyberBunker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Traben-Trarbach bunker (CB-3)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, the company purchased its second bunker in <a href="/wiki/Traben-Trarbach" title="Traben-Trarbach">Traben-Trarbach</a>, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 2015, German cybercrime investigators received a warrant to investigate the company by tapping its Internet traffic in and out of the bunker.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, the company's clients are claimed to have included the <a href="/wiki/Dark_web" title="Dark web">dark web</a> marketplaces <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Market">Wall Street Market</a>, Cannabis Road and Flugsvamp, as well as Fraudsters, a forum for exchanging illegal drugs, counterfeit money and fake identification.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Register_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Register-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Irish criminal <a href="/wiki/George_Mitchell_(criminal)" title="George Mitchell (criminal)">George Mitchell</a>, who lived for a while in Traben-Trarbach,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approached Xennt about running an encrypted phone business.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The back end of the encrypted messenging app <a href="/wiki/Exclu" title="Exclu">Exclu</a> was run on CyberBunker's servers.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2019, 600 German police officers raided the bunker.<sup id="cite_ref-ArsTechnica_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArsTechnica-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven people were arrested in the raid.<sup id="cite_ref-APNews_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNews-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police later said that the bunker was the location from which a late 2016 denial of service attack on <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> had been launched.<sup id="cite_ref-APNews_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APNews-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Xennt and six other defendants were convicted of having formed a criminal organization, but were acquitted of having aided and abetted the crimes committed on their servers. They received sentences between 28 and 59 months in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2023, their site became active again under cyberbunker.pro and cyberbunker.world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentary">Documentary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CyberBunker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Documentary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Netflix documentary <i>Cyberbunker: The Criminal Underworld</i> was released in 2023. It contains interviews with the investigating prosecutor and police officers, the mayor of Traben-Trarbach, journalists, Xennt, and other members of his organization. Police revealed that they had planted an undercover gardener and a cleaning lady in the bunker and that they lured Xennt and his crew out of the bunker before the raid.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CyberBunker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100123170153/http://www.datacentrumgids.nl/datacentrum/cyberbunker-com">"CyberBunker datacentrum in Goes · DatacentrumGids.nl"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datacentrumgids.nl/datacentrum/cyberbunker-com">the original</a> on 23 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CyberBunker+datacentrum+in+Goes+%C2%B7+DatacentrumGids.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.datacentrumgids.nl%2Fdatacentrum%2Fcyberbunker-com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownHermann2019" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Stuart S.; Hermann, Margaret G. (29 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kya7DwAAQBAJ"><i>Transnational Crime and Black Spots: Rethinking Sovereignty and the Global Economy</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-49670-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-49670-6"><bdi>978-1-137-49670-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417173617/https://books.google.com/books?id=kya7DwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnational+Crime+and+Black+Spots%3A+Rethinking+Sovereignty+and+the+Global+Economy&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft.isbn=978-1-137-49670-6&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Stuart+S.&rft.au=Hermann%2C+Margaret+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkya7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfannerO'Brien2013" class="citation news cs1">Pfanner, Eric; O'Brien, Kevin (30 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/30/business/global/after-cyberattack-sven-olaf-kamphuis-is-at-heart-of-investigation.html">"Provocateur Comes Into View After Cyberattack"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130330025250/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/30/business/global/after-cyberattack-sven-olaf-kamphuis-is-at-heart-of-investigation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Provocateur+Comes+Into+View+After+Cyberattack&rft.date=2013-03-30&rft.aulast=Pfanner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F03%2F30%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal%2Fafter-cyberattack-sven-olaf-kamphuis-is-at-heart-of-investigation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPAA-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MPAA_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MPAA_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100601095533/http://www.mpaa.org/resources/68638b79-4e58-4ea5-9d22-533ea318a5ab.pdf">"CyberBunker prohibited from providing internet access to The Pirate Bay"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">Motion Picture Association of America</a></i>. 13 May 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Motion+Picture+Association+of+America&rft.atitle=CyberBunker+prohibited+from+providing+internet+access+to+The+Pirate+Bay&rft.date=2010-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpaa.org%2Fresources%2F68638b79-4e58-4ea5-9d22-533ea318a5ab.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spamhaus.org/sbl/listings/cb3rob.net">Spamhaus.org - listings for IPs under the responsibility of cb3rob.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830223756/http://www.spamhaus.org/sbl/listings/cb3rob.net">Archived</a> 30 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, records retrieved 28 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgpmon.net/looking-at-the-spamhouse-ddos-from-a-bgp-perspective/">BGPMon.net Looking at the spamhaus DDOS from a BGP perspective</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805072833/http://www.bgpmon.net/looking-at-the-spamhouse-ddos-from-a-bgp-perspective/">Archived</a> 5 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, article retrieved 29 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT033013a-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT033013a_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfannerO'Brien2013" class="citation news cs1">Pfanner, Eric; O'Brien, Kevin J. (29 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/30/business/global/after-cyberattack-sven-olaf-kamphuis-is-at-heart-of-investigation.html">"Provocateur Comes Into View After Cyberattack"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130330025250/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/30/business/global/after-cyberattack-sven-olaf-kamphuis-is-at-heart-of-investigation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Provocateur+Comes+Into+View+After+Cyberattack&rft.date=2013-03-29&rft.aulast=Pfanner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Kevin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F03%2F30%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal%2Fafter-cyberattack-sven-olaf-kamphuis-is-at-heart-of-investigation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927141354/https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/artikel/mit-650-einsatzkraeften-cyberbunker-in-traben-trarbach-gestuermt/">"Mit 650 Einsatzkräften Cyberbunker in Traben-Trarbach gestürmt"</a>. <i>rheinpfalz.de</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/artikel/mit-650-einsatzkraeften-cyberbunker-in-traben-trarbach-gestuermt/">the original</a> on 27 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rheinpfalz.de&rft.atitle=Mit+650+Einsatzkr%C3%A4ften+Cyberbunker+in+Traben-Trarbach+gest%C3%BCrmt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rheinpfalz.de%2Flokal%2Fartikel%2Fmit-650-einsatzkraeften-cyberbunker-in-traben-trarbach-gestuermt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkerProfile-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkerProfile_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar" class="citation magazine cs1">Caesar, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/08/03/the-cold-war-bunker-that-became-home-to-a-dark-web-empire">"The Cold War Bunker That Became Home to a Dark-Web Empire"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210929052936/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/08/03/the-cold-war-bunker-that-became-home-to-a-dark-web-empire">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Cold+War+Bunker+That+Became+Home+to+a+Dark-Web+Empire&rft.aulast=Caesar&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2020%2F08%2F03%2Fthe-cold-war-bunker-that-became-home-to-a-dark-web-empire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DutchProfile-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DutchProfile_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DutchProfile_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DutchProfile_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DutchProfile_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emerce.nl/nieuws/hoofdverdachte-bulletproofhoster-duitsland-zat-achter-cyberbunker">"Brein bulletproofhoster Duitsland zat ook achter Cyberbunker"</a>. <i>Emerce</i> (in Dutch). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919190553/https://www.emerce.nl/nieuws/hoofdverdachte-bulletproofhoster-duitsland-zat-achter-cyberbunker">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Emerce&rft.atitle=Brein+bulletproofhoster+Duitsland+zat+ook+achter+Cyberbunker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emerce.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fhoofdverdachte-bulletproofhoster-duitsland-zat-achter-cyberbunker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.hccnet.nl/michel.post/artikelen/PMC-bunkerbezetting%20in%20Kloetingen%20-%20het%20verslag.html">PMC-bunkerbezetting in Kloetinge: het verslag</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807033409/http://home.hccnet.nl/michel.post/artikelen/PMC-bunkerbezetting%20in%20Kloetingen%20-%20het%20verslag.html">Archived</a> 7 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Dutch), article retrieved 28 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forten.info/catalogus/ko-landmacht/lijst-1.htm">Forten.info - Provinciaal Militair Commando</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180910083840/http://www.forten.info/catalogus/ko-landmacht/lijst-1.htm">Archived</a> 10 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Dutch), article retrieved 28 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MITSecurityBook-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MITSecurityBook_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolff2018" class="citation book cs1">Wolff, Josephine (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9IZ0DwAAQBAJ&q=cyberbunker+2002&pg=PA146"><i>You'll see this message when it is too late: The Legal and Economic Aftermath of Cybersecurity Breaches</i></a>. MIT Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-03885-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-03885-0"><bdi>978-0-262-03885-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417164710/https://books.google.com/books?id=9IZ0DwAAQBAJ&q=cyberbunker+2002&pg=PA146#v=snippet&q=cyberbunker%202002&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You%27ll+see+this+message+when+it+is+too+late%3A+The+Legal+and+Economic+Aftermath+of+Cybersecurity+Breaches&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-262-03885-0&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Josephine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9IZ0DwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcyberbunker%2B2002%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.security.nl/artikel/3350/Uitgebrande_%27Cyberbunker%27_herbergde_XTC-lab.html">Security.nl - Uitgebrande 'Cyberbunker' herbergde XTC-lab</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417164652/https://www.security.nl/posting/3364/Uitgebrande+%27Cyberbunker%27+herbergde+XTC-lab">Archived</a> 17 April 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Dutch), article retrieved 29 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omroepzeeland.nl/nieuws/cel-wegens-runnen-xtc-laboratorium#.UVU0wjd8MVQ">OmroepZeeland.nl - Cel wegens runnen XTC-laboratorium</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041057/http://www.omroepzeeland.nl/nieuws/cel-wegens-runnen-xtc-laboratorium#.UVU0wjd8MVQ">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Dutch), article retrieved 29 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArsTechnica-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ArsTechnica_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArsTechnica_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ArsTechnica_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2019" class="citation web cs1">Gallagher, Sean (30 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/09/german-police-seize-bulletproof-hosting-data-center-in-former-nato-bunker/">"German police seize "bulletproof" hosting data center in former NATO bunker"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610184134/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/09/german-police-seize-bulletproof-hosting-data-center-in-former-nato-bunker/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=German+police+seize+%22bulletproof%22+hosting+data+center+in+former+NATO+bunker&rft.date=2019-09-30&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2019%2F09%2Fgerman-police-seize-bulletproof-hosting-data-center-in-former-nato-bunker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bunkerinfra.com/press/PRESSRELEASE_Cyberbunker_not_in_bunker-Kloetinge_March29th2013.pdf">BunkerInfra.com - Cyberbunker not located in a bunker in Goes, the Netherlands</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130811230730/http://www.bunkerinfra.com/press/PRESSRELEASE_Cyberbunker_not_in_bunker-Kloetinge_March29th2013.pdf">Archived</a> 11 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, article retrieved 29 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Businessweek20130404-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Businessweek20130404_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRileyMatlackLevine2013" class="citation web cs1">Riley, Michael; Matlack, Carol; Levine, Robert (4 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130406202415/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-04/cyberbunker-hacking-as-performance-art">"CyberBunker: Hacking as Performance Art"</a>. <i>Businessweek</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-04/cyberbunker-hacking-as-performance-art">the original</a> on 6 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Businessweek&rft.atitle=CyberBunker%3A+Hacking+as+Performance+Art&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Matlack%2C+Carol&rft.au=Levine%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Farticles%2F2013-04-04%2Fcyberbunker-hacking-as-performance-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111209092215/http://www.eweekeurope.co.uk/news/dutch-isp-hits-spamhaus-with-police-complaints-42302">"Dutch ISP Hits Spamhaus With Police Complaints | TechWeekEurope UK"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eweekeurope.co.uk/news/dutch-isp-hits-spamhaus-with-police-complaints-42302">the original</a> on 9 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dutch+ISP+Hits+Spamhaus+With+Police+Complaints+%7C+TechWeekEurope+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eweekeurope.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fdutch-isp-hits-spamhaus-with-police-complaints-42302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovacs2011" class="citation web cs1">Kovacs, Eduard (13 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/TPB-Causes-Argument-Between-Dutch-ISP-and-Anti-Spam-Organization-227559.shtml">"TPB Causes Argument Between Dutch ISP and Anti-Spam Organization"</a>. <i>softpedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010120016/https://news.softpedia.com/news/TPB-Causes-Argument-Between-Dutch-ISP-and-Anti-Spam-Organization-227559.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=softpedia&rft.atitle=TPB+Causes+Argument+Between+Dutch+ISP+and+Anti-Spam+Organization&rft.date=2011-10-13&rft.aulast=Kovacs&rft.aufirst=Eduard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2FTPB-Causes-Argument-Between-Dutch-ISP-and-Anti-Spam-Organization-227559.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rob Williams for Hot Hardware (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hothardware.com/News/DDoS-Attack-Against-Spamhaus-Exposes-Huge-Security-Threat-On-DNS-Servers/">DDoS Attack Against Spamhaus Exposes Huge Security Threat On DNS Servers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190929163335/http://hothardware.com/News/DDoS-Attack-Against-Spamhaus-Exposes-Huge-Security-Threat-On-DNS-Servers/">Archived</a> 29 September 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, article retrieved 28 September 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnsamplification-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dnsamplification_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2013" class="citation web cs1">Gallagher, Sean (28 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/03/how-spamhaus-attackers-turned-dns-into-a-weapon-of-mass-destruction/">"How Spamhaus' attackers turned DNS into a weapon of mass destruction"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010120014/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/03/how-spamhaus-attackers-turned-dns-into-a-weapon-of-mass-destruction/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=How+Spamhaus%27+attackers+turned+DNS+into+a+weapon+of+mass+destruction&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2013%2F03%2Fhow-spamhaus-attackers-turned-dns-into-a-weapon-of-mass-destruction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bunkerattack-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bunkerattack_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bunkerattack_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bunkerattack_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2013" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Dave (27 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-21954636">"Global internet slows after 'biggest attack in history'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191001084417/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-21954636">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Global+internet+slows+after+%27biggest+attack+in+history%27&rft.date=2013-03-27&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-21954636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informationweek.com/security/attacks/ddos-spam-feud-backfires-bulletproof-cyb/240151895">Informationweek Security - DDoS Spam Feud Backfires: 'Bulletproof' CyberBunker Busted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001202356/https://www.informationweek.com/security/attacks/ddos-spam-feud-backfires-bulletproof-cyb/240151895">Archived</a> 1 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, article retrieved 30 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT42613-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT42613_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlroth2013" class="citation news cs1">Perlroth, Nicole (26 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/technology/dutch-man-said-to-be-arrested-in-powerful-internet-attack.html">"Dutch Man Said to Be Held in Powerful Internet Attack"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130427013233/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/technology/dutch-man-said-to-be-arrested-in-powerful-internet-attack.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dutch+Man+Said+to+Be+Held+in+Powerful+Internet+Attack&rft.date=2013-04-26&rft.aulast=Perlroth&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F04%2F27%2Ftechnology%2Fdutch-man-said-to-be-arrested-in-powerful-internet-attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pastebin.com/qzhcE1nV">Pastebin.com - Official press release #freecb3rob</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807084012/http://pastebin.com/qzhcE1nV">Archived</a> 7 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 26 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brenno de Winter - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.nl/internet/3408734/groep-dreigt-met-grootste-aanval-ooit-arrestatie-hacker--.html">Nu.nl - Groep dreigt met 'grootste aanval ooit' om arrestatie hacker</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163331/http://www.nu.nl/internet/3408734/groep-dreigt-met-grootste-aanval-ooit-arrestatie-hacker--.html">Archived</a> 12 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Dutch), article retrieved 26 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/dutch-suspect-arrested-in-spain-over-massive-cyberattack-used-well-equipped-bunker-and-van/2013/04/28/c709a3ea-aff3-11e2-9fb1-62de9581c946_story.html">Dutch suspect arrested in Spain over major cyberattack used well-equipped 'bunker' and van</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> - article retrieved 28 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernesto for <a href="/wiki/TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a> (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torrentfreak.com/the-pirate-bay-relocates-to-a-nuclear-bunker-091006/">The Pirate Bay relocates to a nuclear bunker</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140430074119/http://torrentfreak.com/the-pirate-bay-relocates-to-a-nuclear-bunker-091006/">Archived</a> 30 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, article retrieved 21 January 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Legge for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/london-teenager-arrested-over-huge-cyberattack-8841542.html">London teenager arrested over huge cyberattack</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612164756/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/london-teenager-arrested-over-huge-cyberattack-8841542.html">Archived</a> 12 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, article retrieved 28 September 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaganini2016" class="citation web cs1">Paganini, Pierluigi (16 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://securityaffairs.com/53473/cyber-crime/spamhaus-attack.html">"Hacker behind Spamhaus attack will not spend any time in the jail"</a>. <i>Security Affairs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417165843/https://securityaffairs.com/53473/cyber-crime/spamhaus-attack.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Security+Affairs&rft.atitle=Hacker+behind+Spamhaus+attack+will+not+spend+any+time+in+the+jail&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft.aulast=Paganini&rft.aufirst=Pierluigi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecurityaffairs.com%2F53473%2Fcyber-crime%2Fspamhaus-attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Register-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Register_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2020/06/25/sans_cyberbunker_traffic_analysis/">"Honeypot behind sold-off IP subnet shows Cyberbunker biz hosted all kinds of filth, says SANS Institute"</a>. <i>theregister.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812174628/https://www.theregister.com/2020/06/25/sans_cyberbunker_traffic_analysis/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theregister.com&rft.atitle=Honeypot+behind+sold-off+IP+subnet+shows+Cyberbunker+biz+hosted+all+kinds+of+filth%2C+says+SANS+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2020%2F06%2F25%2Fsans_cyberbunker_traffic_analysis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netflix.com/title/81632983">"Cyberbunker: The Criminal Underworld"</a>. <i>netflix.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231110051900/https://www.netflix.com/title/81632983">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=netflix.com&rft.atitle=Cyberbunker%3A+The+Criminal+Underworld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.netflix.com%2Ftitle%2F81632983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigliarolo2023" class="citation web cs1">Vigliarolo, Brandon (7 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2023/02/07/police_exclu_encrypted/">"Eurocops shut down Exclu encrypted messaging app"</a>. <i>theregister.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003052816/https://www.theregister.com/2023/02/07/police_exclu_encrypted/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theregister.com&rft.atitle=Eurocops+shut+down+Exclu+encrypted+messaging+app&rft.date=2023-02-07&rft.aulast=Vigliarolo&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2023%2F02%2F07%2Fpolice_exclu_encrypted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACyberBunker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APNews-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APNews_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APNews_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/be9947471fb74360b6cf9d1d2b535927">"Germany shuts down illegal data center in former NATO bunker"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 27 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819095614/https://www.apnews.com/be9947471fb74360b6cf9d1d2b535927">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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