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experience</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: European experience"> <meta name="keywords" content="European experience"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="European experience"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6392</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: European experience</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6392</span> Bioproducts Market: European Experience and Development Prospects in Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Lazariashvili">Tamar Lazariashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the market of bioproducts in the world and in Georgia. The experience of European countries in the field of production of bioproducts is shown, the level of interest of the population in these products is presented, and the tendency of the demand for them to grow is evaluated. Objectives. The purpose of the research is to identify modern challenges and develop recommendations for development opportunities based on the analysis of the European and local market of organic products. Methodologies. General and specific methods are used in the research process: comparative analysis, induction, deduction. A desk study has been conducted. Findings. It has been revealed that the production of organic products in Georgia is significantly behind the European requirements, in the market of organic products of Georgia there is a formation of a layer of consumers who are in favor of healthy food and are ready to pay a different price. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the bioproducts market, appropriate recommendations are proposed, namely, the introduction of innovative technologies; financial and legal support by the state; provision of consulting services on the tax system; Elimination of asymmetric information in the market and others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioproducts%20market" title="bioproducts market">bioproducts market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20experience" title=" European experience"> European experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20of%20bioproducts" title=" production of bioproducts"> production of bioproducts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20of%20consumers." title=" layer of consumers."> layer of consumers.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177177/bioproducts-market-european-experience-and-development-prospects-in-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6391</span> Teachers’ Emotional Experience in Online Classes in Adult Education in Selected European Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Ahrens">Andreas Ahrens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20Zascerinska"> Jelena Zascerinska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emotions are crucial in online classes in adult education. Despite that, little attention was devoted to the emotional experience of being an online teacher in the field of andragogy, and the online teacher’s emotional perspectives in ever-changing environments have to be analysed. The paper aims the analysis of teachers’ emotional experience in online classes in adult education in selected European countries. The research tends to propose implications for training teachers who work in online classes in adult education. The survey was conducted in April 2022. In the selected European countries, 78 respondents took part in the study. Among them, 30 respondents represented Germany, 28 respondents participated in the study in Greece, and 20 respondents from Italy took part in the survey. The theoretical findings allow for defining teacher emotional experience. The analysis of the elements of the respondents’ emotional experience allows concluding that teachers’ attitude to online classes has to be developed. The key content for teacher training is presented. Directions for further work are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20education" title="adult education">adult education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20classes" title=" online classes"> online classes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20emotional%20experience" title=" teacher emotional experience"> teacher emotional experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153780/teachers-emotional-experience-in-online-classes-in-adult-education-in-selected-european-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6390</span> Impact of International Student Mobility on European and Global Identity: A Case Study of Switzerland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karina%20Oborune">Karina Oborune</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> International student mobility involves a unique spatio-temporal context and exploring the various aspects of mobile students’ experience can lead to new findings within identity studies. The previous studies have mainly focused on student mobility within Europe and its impact on European identity arguing that students who participate in intra-European mobility already feel European before exchange. Contrary to previous studies, in this paper student mobility is analyzed from different point of view. In order to see whether a true Europeanization of identities is taking place, it is necessary to contrast European identity with alternative supranational identity which could similarly result from student mobility and in particular a global identity. Besides, in the paper there is explored whether geographical constellation (host country continental location during mobility- Europe vs. outside of Europe) plays a role. Based on newly developed model of multicultural, social and socio-demographic variables there is argued that after intra-European mobility only global identity of students could be increased (H1), but the mobility to countries outside of Europe causes changes in European identity (H2). The quantitative study (survey, n=1440, 22 higher education institutions, experimental group of former and future/potential mobile students and control group of non-mobile students) was held in Switzerland where is equally high number of students who participate in intra-European and outside of Europe mobility. The results of multivariate linear regression showed that students who participate in exchange in Europe increase their European identity due to having close friends from Europe, as well as due to length of the mobility experience had impact, but students who participate in exchange outside of Europe increase their global identity due to having close friends from outside of Europe and proficiency in foreign languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20mobility" title="student mobility">student mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20identity" title=" European identity"> European identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20identity" title=" global identity"> global identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20identity" title=" global identity"> global identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22618/impact-of-international-student-mobility-on-european-and-global-identity-a-case-study-of-switzerland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6389</span> Regulating User Experience Design, in the European Union, as a Way to Narrow Down the Gap Between Consumers’ Protection and Algorithms Employment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prisecaru%20Diana-Sorina">Prisecaru Diana-Sorina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper will show that, while the EU legislator tackled a series of UX patterns used in e-commerce to induce the consumers take actions that they would not normally undertake, it leaves out many other aspects related to misuse or poor UX design that adversely affect EU consumers. Further, the paper proposes a reevaluation of the regulatory addressability of the issue and hand and focuses on explaining why a joint strategy, based on the interplay between provisions aiming consumer protection and personal data protection is the key approach to this matter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithms" title="algorithms">algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20protection" title=" consumer protection"> consumer protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20experience%20design" title=" user experience design"> user experience design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147243/regulating-user-experience-design-in-the-european-union-as-a-way-to-narrow-down-the-gap-between-consumers-protection-and-algorithms-employment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6388</span> LGBTQ+ Visibility: An Analysis of the Mechanisms for Safeguarding Sexual Minorities within the Common European Asylum System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandra%20Tosi">Alessandra Tosi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teia%20M.%20Rogers"> Teia M. Rogers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Common European Asylum System (CEAS) is the framework that standardises the treatment of applicants for international protection and harmonises asylum systems throughout the European Union. This paper interrogates the rules applied within the CEAS, specifically Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013, which puts forth the standards for the reception of vulnerable people applying for asylum. Absent from the definition of ‘vulnerable people’ are sexual minorities who routinely experience discrimination in reception centres and emergency accommodations. This paper undertakes an analysis of policies and legalisation of reception centres within the European Union. In confronting the flaws inherent to the system of processing asylum applications, this paper argues for the reform of the CEAS with emphasis on the inclusion of LBGTQ+ asylum seekers as vulnerable people following standards set by international human rights law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accommodation" title="accommodation">accommodation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asylum%20seekers" title=" asylum seekers"> asylum seekers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CEAS" title=" CEAS"> CEAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Common%20European%20Asylum%20System" title=" Common European Asylum System"> Common European Asylum System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LGBTQ%2B" title=" LGBTQ+"> LGBTQ+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reception%20conditions" title=" reception conditions"> reception conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerable%20people" title=" vulnerable people"> vulnerable people</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122571/lgbtq-visibility-an-analysis-of-the-mechanisms-for-safeguarding-sexual-minorities-within-the-common-european-asylum-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6387</span> Muslims as the Cultural ‘Other’ in Europe and the Crisis of Multiculturalism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatia%20Tavkhelidze">Tatia Tavkhelidze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The European agenda on multiculturalism has undermined Muslim communities through cultural repulsion. Muslims have been labeled as primitive and dangerous people. They experience discrimination at university, workplace, or in the public sphere on a daily basis. Keeping this in view, the proposed research argues that the coining of Muslimness as a problem in modern European societies indicates the crisis of multiculturalism and it could be explained by the anthropological theory of cultural othering. To prove this assumption, the research undertakes a content analysis of modern policy discourse about Muslims and Islam in different European countries (e.g. France, Austria, Denmark, and Hungary). It focuses on the speech of populist politicians, right-wing party leaders and state officials. The research findings are of great significance as they elucidate that the European societies forgot to respect their own values of toleration, religious liberty and democracy; and undermine the European motto 'unity in diversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assimilation" title="assimilation">assimilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamophobia" title=" islamophobia"> islamophobia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiculturalism" title=" multiculturalism"> multiculturalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=populism" title=" populism"> populism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138349/muslims-as-the-cultural-other-in-europe-and-the-crisis-of-multiculturalism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6386</span> Event-Led Strategy for Cultural Tourism Development: The Case of Liverpool as the 2008 European Capital of Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-De%20Liu">Yi-De Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cultural tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing global tourism markets and the cultures are increasingly being used to promote cities and to increase their competitiveness and attractiveness. One of the major forms of cultural tourism development undertaken throughout Europe has been the staging of a growing number of cultural events. The event of European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) is probably the best example of the new trends of cultural tourism in Europe, which is therefore used in this article to demonstrate some of the key issues surrounding the event-led strategy for cultural tourism development. Based on the experience of the 2008 ECOC Liverpool, UK, the study’s findings point to a number of ways in which the ECOC constitutes a boost for the development of cultural tourism in terms of realising experience economy, enhancing city image, facilitating urban regeneration, promoting cultural production and consumption, as well as establishing partnerships. This study is concluded by drawing some critical factors that event and tourism organisers should consider. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20tourism" title="cultural tourism">cultural tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20tourism" title=" event tourism"> event tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20event" title=" cultural event"> cultural event</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20capital%20of%20culture" title=" European capital of culture"> European capital of culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liverpool" title=" Liverpool "> Liverpool </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12342/event-led-strategy-for-cultural-tourism-development-the-case-of-liverpool-as-the-2008-european-capital-of-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">705</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6385</span> Development of Disability Studies in Post-Transformational Central and East European Countries from the 80s until Present</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klaudia%20Muca">Klaudia Muca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Disability studies as an international movement are still developing, especially in the Central and East European young democratic countries. It is crucial to recognize in what manner this development might lead to create a sustainable social environment. Thanks to disability studies the process of introducing disability studies and its main ideas might become as effective as in the 90s in the USA or other Western countries. In the Central and East Europe lack of activism in favor of the disabled in the early stages of democratic transition (i.e. the 80s and 90s) caused misrepresentation of the disabled and their experience in present political and social sphere of life. People with disabilities were made to hold a minor position in society due to political changes that introduced in fact non-equal democracy. The results of this study indicate that activism in favor of people with disabilities and works of art created by the disabled are tools that influence present disability politics. That suggests that young European democracies need to modify their current political path in order to establish more equal social policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratic%20transformation" title="democratic transformation">democratic transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability%20as%20minority" title=" disability as minority"> disability as minority</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misrepresentation%20of%20experience" title=" misrepresentation of experience"> misrepresentation of experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-equal%20democracy" title=" non-equal democracy"> non-equal democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90737/development-of-disability-studies-in-post-transformational-central-and-east-european-countries-from-the-80s-until-present" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6384</span> Quality Assurance as an Educational Development Tool: Case from the European Higher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Mourad">Maha Mourad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Higher education in any competitive European economy should serve the new information society by increasing the supply of good quality education services and by creating good international brands in the international higher education market. Hence, continuous risk management techniques through higher educational reforms programs became one of the top priorities within the European Union to control the quality of higher education. Risk is higher education is studies by several researchers who agreed that the risk in higher education has a direct influence on continuity of quality education and research contribution. The focus of this research is to highlights the Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) activities in the Polish higher education system as a risk management tool used to control the quality of education. This paper presents a qualitative empirical analysis in 5 different universities in Poland. In addition, it aims to help in finding global practical and create benchmark for policy makers concerning the risk management techniques based on the Polish experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20development" title="education development">education development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20assurance" title=" quality assurance"> quality assurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=european%20higher%20education" title=" european higher education"> european higher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9856/quality-assurance-as-an-educational-development-tool-case-from-the-european-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6383</span> International Education Mobility Programs: Inclusive by Definition, Exclusive in Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mateusz%20Je%C5%BCowski">Mateusz Jeżowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jadwiga%20Fila"> Jadwiga Fila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawe%C5%82%20Poszytek"> Paweł Poszytek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This abstract summarizes the combined findings of several analyses carried out by the authors on the barriers to accessing international education mobility programs by people with fewer opportunities, especially those with a low level of cultural and social capital. Two flagship educational mobility initiatives of the European Union – the Erasmus+ Program and the European Solidarity Corps are aimed at equipping young people and participants of all ages with the qualifications and skills needed for their meaningful participation in a democratic society intercultural understanding and successful transition in the labour market. The heart of these programs is to come closer to people with fewer opportunities, including people with disabilities, migrants, as well as those facing socio-economic difficulties and displaying a low level of social and cultural capital. Still, people who participate in such initiatives usually demonstrate higher than average cultural and social capital, as understood by Pierre Bourdieu. First of all, the educational attainment of their parents is higher than the average. Secondly, they mostly live in large agglomerations, with good access to education and culture, which affects their foreign language skills as well as social and cultural competencies. Finally, participation in Erasmus+ Program or European Solidarity Corps is not their first educational mobility experience. It is therefore justified to state that their social and cultural capital, already high before taking part in Erasmus+ and European Solidarity Corps, becomes even higher once their international mobility activities have been over, at the expense of those people with fewer opportunities, who, in theory, could participate in those initiatives, nonetheless did not, for the following reasons: lack of sufficient information on such programs, financial obstacles or unappreciation of the value of international mobility. In their work, the authors will discuss what are, in the light of Bourdieu’s perception of social and cultural capital, the main obstacles for young people to participate in international mobility programs of the European Union and will offer comprehensive solutions rooted in their vast experience in management and implementation of Erasmus+ Program and European Solidarity Corps. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20capital" title="cultural capital">cultural capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20mobility" title=" educational mobility"> educational mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erasmus%2B" title=" Erasmus+"> Erasmus+</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20solidarity%20corps" title=" European solidarity corps"> European solidarity corps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title=" inclusion"> inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152184/international-education-mobility-programs-inclusive-by-definition-exclusive-in-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6382</span> Constitutional Identity: The Connection between National Constitutions and EU Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norbert%20Tribl">Norbert Tribl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> European contemporary scientific public opinion considers the concept of constitutional identity as a highlighted issue. Some scholars interpret the matter as the manifestation of a conflict of Europe. Nevertheless, constitutional identity is a bridge between the Member States and the EU rather than a river that will wash away the achievements of the integration. In accordance with the opinion of the author, the main problem of constitutional identity in Europe is the undetermined nature: the exact concept of constitutional identity has not been defined until now. However, this should be the first step to understand and use identity as a legal institution. Having regard to this undetermined nature, the legal-theoretical examination of constitutional identity is the main purpose of this study. The concept of constitutional identity appears in the Anglo-Saxon legal systems by a different approach than in the supranational system of European Integration. While the interpretation of legal institutions in conformity with the constitution is understood under it, the European concept is applied when possible conflicts arise between the legal system of the European supranational space and certain provisions of the national constitutions of the member states. The European concept of constitutional identity intends to offer input in determining the nature of the relationship between the constitutional provisions of the member states and the legal acts of the EU integration. In the EU system of multilevel constitutionalism, a long-standing central debate on integration surrounds the conflict between EU legal acts and the constitutional provisions of the member states. In spite of the fact that the Court of Justice of the European Union stated in Costa v. E.N.E.L. that the member states cannot refer to the provisions of their respective national constitutions against the integration. Based on the experience of more than 50 years since the above decision, and also in light of the Treaty of Lisbon, we now can clearly see that EU law has itself identified an obligation for the EU to protect the fundamental constitutional features of the Member States under Article 4 (2) of Treaty on European Union, by respecting the national identities of member states. In other words, the European concept intends to offer input for the determination of the nature of the relationship between the constitutional provisions of the member states and the legal acts of the EU integration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20identity" title="constitutional identity">constitutional identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU%20law" title=" EU law"> EU law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Integration" title=" European Integration"> European Integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supranationalism" title=" supranationalism"> supranationalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109486/constitutional-identity-the-connection-between-national-constitutions-and-eu-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6381</span> The Concept and Practice of Good Governance in the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Grzeszczak">Robert Grzeszczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article deals with one of the most significant issues concerning the functioning of the public sector in the European Union. The objectives of good governance were formulated by the EU itself and also the Scholars in reaction to the discussion that started a decade ago and concerned the role of the government in 21st century, the future of integration processes and globalization challenges in Europe. Currently, the concept of good governance is mainly associated with the improvement of management of public policies in the European Union, concerning both domestic and EU policies. However, it goes beyond the issues of state capacity and effectiveness of management. Good governance relates also to societal participation in the public administration and verification of decisions made in public authorities’ (including public administration). Indirectly, the concept and practice of good governance are connected to societal legitimisation of public bodies in the European Union. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20governance" title="good governance">good governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title=" government"> government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20law" title=" European law"> European law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16889/the-concept-and-practice-of-good-governance-in-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6380</span> Do European Hedge Fund Managers Time Market Liquidity?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumaya%20Ben%20Kheilifa">Soumaya Ben Kheilifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorra%20Mezzez%20Hmaied"> Dorra Mezzez Hmaied</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose two approaches to examine whether European hedge fund managers can time market liquidity. Using a sample of 1616 European hedge funds, we find evidence of liquidity timing. More importantly, this ability adds economic value to investors. Thus, it represents valuable managerial skill and a major source of European hedge funds’ performance. Also we show that the majority of these funds demonstrate liquidity timing ability especially during liquidity crisis. Finally, it emerged that our main evidence of liquidity timing remains significant after controlling for market timing and volatility timing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=european%20hedge%20funds" title="european hedge funds">european hedge funds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquidity%20timing%20ability" title=" liquidity timing ability"> liquidity timing ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20liquidity" title=" market liquidity"> market liquidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis" title=" crisis "> crisis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33551/do-european-hedge-fund-managers-time-market-liquidity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6379</span> Highly Skilled Migrants Trapped in the Brain Waste: The Eastern European Graduates in the Western European Underemployment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katalin%20B%C3%A1ndy">Katalin Bándy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The European emigration of highly educated immigrants draws attention to the problem of brain drain. Due to the Eastern European countries joining the EU and the opening of the Western European labour market the west-wards migration brisked up. By now another problem has been intensified correlated to migration: the migration of highly skilled workers related to brain waste tendencies. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than residents. This paper is about to reveal the above-mentioned problems and this study is supported by the results of secondary pieces of research and the own survey made in the EU-15 among the Hungarian highly skilled (especially economics graduated) migrants, and it also examines the causes and in the focus there are the migrant motivations of the high-skilled young generation after the crisis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20drain" title="brain drain">brain drain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20waste" title=" brain waste"> brain waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20of%20highly-skilled" title=" migration of highly-skilled"> migration of highly-skilled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underemployment" title=" underemployment"> underemployment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50044/highly-skilled-migrants-trapped-in-the-brain-waste-the-eastern-european-graduates-in-the-western-european-underemployment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6378</span> Speech and LanguageTherapists’ Advices for Multilingual Children with Developmental Language Disorders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudin%C3%AB%20Fetahaj">Rudinë Fetahaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flaka%20Isufi"> Flaka Isufi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20Hansson"> Kristina Hansson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While evidence shows that in most European countries’ multilingualism is rising, unfortunately, the focus of Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) is still monolingualism. Furthermore, there is sparse information on how the needs of multilingual children with language disorders such as Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are being met and which factors affect the intervention approach of SLTs when treating DLD. This study aims to examine the relationship and correlation between the number of languages SLTs speak, years of experience, and length of education with the advice they give to parents of multilingual children with DLD regarding which language to be spoken. This is a cross-sectional study where a survey was completed online by 2608 SLTs across Europe and data has been used from a 2017 COST-action project. IBM-SPSS-28 was used where descriptive analysis, correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed.SLTs mainly advise the parents of multilingual children with DLD to speak their native language at home. Besides years of experience, language status and the level of education showed to have no association with the type of advice SLTs give. Results showed a non-significant moderate positive correlation between SLTs years of experience and their advice regarding the native language, whereas language status and length of education showed no correlation with the advice SLTs give to parents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20study" title="quantitative study">quantitative study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20language%20disorders" title=" developmental language disorders"> developmental language disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20and%20language%20therapy" title=" speech and language therapy"> speech and language therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20context" title=" European context"> European context</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160712/speech-and-languagetherapists-advices-for-multilingual-children-with-developmental-language-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6377</span> On the Way to the European Research Area: Programmes of the European Union as Factor of the Innovation Development the Scientific Organization in Ukraine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Nikitin">Yuri Nikitin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veronika%20Rukas"> Veronika Rukas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within the framework of the FP7 project "START" the cooperation with European research centres has had a positive impact on raising the level of innovation researches and the introduction of innovations Institute for Super hard Materials of the National Academy of Sciences (ISM NAS) of Ukraine in the economy of Europe and Ukraine, which in turn permits to speeds up the way for Ukrainian science to the European research area through the creation in Ukraine the scientific organizations of innovative type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programs%20of%20the%20EU" title="programs of the EU">programs of the EU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20scientific%20results" title=" innovative scientific results"> innovative scientific results</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20competence%20of%20the%20staff" title=" innovation competence of the staff"> innovation competence of the staff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization%20in%20business%20of%20industry%20of%20the%20Europe%20and%20Ukraine" title=" commercialization in business of industry of the Europe and Ukraine"> commercialization in business of industry of the Europe and Ukraine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6908/on-the-way-to-the-european-research-area-programmes-of-the-european-union-as-factor-of-the-innovation-development-the-scientific-organization-in-ukraine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6376</span> Entrepreneurial Education in the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marko%20Kolakovi%C4%87">Marko Kolaković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mladen%20Turuk"> Mladen Turuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship is a valuable discipline important for the competitiveness of the European economy. The European Union's economy is constantly changing, and there is an increased demand for special knowledge and skills to help actors cope in a turbulent business environment. By promoting entrepreneurship in education, the citizens of the European Union are encouraged to be enterprising, innovative, and creative in designing solutions to perceived commercial and social problems in the form of offered products and services created as a result of the entrepreneurial process. The European Union has developed a series of guidelines to encourage entrepreneurship in education and training, and it supports entrepreneurship itself through various activities such as Erasmus + and other programs. A number of tools have been developed to support the development of entrepreneurial spirit among the citizens of the European Union. Special emphasis is placed on the methods of developing creativity, critical thinking, and the development of digital competencies. The aim of this paper is to investigate the initiatives of the European Union in the field of entrepreneurship education and to analyze the concept of entrepreneurship education in selected EU member states. Also, an overview of the desired learning outcomes acquired as a result of the successfully completed entrepreneurship education process will be provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20education" title=" entrepreneurial education"> entrepreneurial education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU" title=" EU"> EU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=croatia" title=" croatia"> croatia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154306/entrepreneurial-education-in-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6375</span> Economic Conflict between the United Kingdom and the European Community 1945-1975 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumia%20Hebbri">Soumia Hebbri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between Britain and the European Union is phenomenally complex with a great opposition to Europe in the British Conservative and Labour Parties emerged since 1945. During the history and development of the European Union, Europe saw a lack of British involvement until 1961, after refusing to sign the Treaties of Rome of 1957 for being a member of the European Economic Community. Britain then applied to join the EEC in 1961 under Harold Macmillan’s Conservative Government, its application led by the Chief Negotiator Edward Heath. This application was vetoed by President de Gaulle. With de Gaulle out of power Britain. finally could joined in 1973. But again Labour and conservative both found themselves divided on the issue and they hold a referendum under labour on whether to continue the UK’s membership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20European%20Union" title="the European Union">the European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20British" title=" the British"> the British</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20community" title=" economic community"> economic community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%20Gaulle" title=" de Gaulle"> de Gaulle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28839/economic-conflict-between-the-united-kingdom-and-the-european-community-1945-1975" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6374</span> Conditionality in the European Union as a New Instrument to Guarantee the Principle of Separation of Powers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Neves">Ana Neves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The European Union’s multi-level constitutionalism is grounded in an intricate network of vertical and horizontal legal relationships among different levels and types of public authorities. In a very significant way since the 2008 crisis, evolving institutional arrangements and institutional dynamics in the European Union have been progressively impacting Member States and the terms under which national public authorities are organised, interact and exercise their powers. This impact occurs in both macro and micro dimensions. Several examples are relevant here, such as the involvement of national Parliaments in the activities of the European Union, the enhanced integration of public administrations, the side effects of the Council framework decision on the European Arrest Warrant, the European Union Justice Scoreboard, the protection of whistle-blowers regulation, the enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, the regime for the protection of the Union budget and the European Rule of Law Mechanism. A common trend or denominator underlies the deepening of institutional interdependence and the increased interactions between the European Union, Member States, and public authorities at different levels. This seems to be conditionality as a general principle. The European multi-level constitutionalism must be considered in the light of this conditionality principle, which does not “imply a relationship of command and obedience”. Nevertheless, it might be more effective or be a very compelling principle. It is as if the extension of the shared rule is being accompanied by a contrapuntal dialogue. The different public authorities at various levels are being called to rethink and readjust themselves within a broader and more plural framework concerning understanding the limitation of power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=european%20union%20-" title="european union -">european union -</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20hierarchy" title=" multi-level hierarchy"> multi-level hierarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditionality" title=" conditionality"> conditionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20of%20powers" title=" separation of powers"> separation of powers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160240/conditionality-in-the-european-union-as-a-new-instrument-to-guarantee-the-principle-of-separation-of-powers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6373</span> The European Refugee Crisis and Its Effects on the Relationships between Turkey and the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebru%20Nergiz">Ebru Nergiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The world is facing one of the biggest refugee crisis’ in history as hundred thousands of refugees who run away from the battle and genocide in the Middle East are travelling illegally to reach Europe over the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea. The number of refugees has reached huge numbers due to the civil war that was caused by the Arab Spring. The number of asylum applications to the European Union has also increased in parallel with the increase in the number of refugees. The conflict in Syria between the government of Bashar Al-Assad and various other forces, which started in the spring of 2011, continues to cause displacement within the country and across the region. The refugee situation caused by the Syrian conflict has placed enormous strain on neighboring countries Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, and especially Turkey. Turkey hosts massive numbers of Syrian refugees, almost 3 million and Syrians have been seeking protection in increasing numbers. The refugee crisis has affected the relationships between Turkey and the European Union deeply. President of the European Council Donald Tusk chaired a meeting of EU heads of state or government with Turkey on 29 November 2015. The meeting opened a new era in the relationships between Turkey and the European Union in terms of the migration crisis. The EU and Turkey agreed to negotiate Turkey's accession process to the European Union and to hold regular summits on Turkey-EU relations and discuss these issues. This paper looks at the reasons and consequences of the European refugee crisis and its effects on Turkey- European Union relationships. This paper also argues that the European Union has not sufficiently contributed toward alleviating the burden caused by the refugee influx, in terms of both financial assistance and refugee resettlement. The European Union’s priority is to guarantee that the lowest possible number of refugees reach Europe rather than to ensure the security of the refugees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refugee%20crisis" title=" refugee crisis"> refugee crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey-European%20union%20relationships" title=" Turkey-European union relationships"> Turkey-European union relationships</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45885/the-european-refugee-crisis-and-its-effects-on-the-relationships-between-turkey-and-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6372</span> Impact of Mammographic Screening on Ethnic Inequalities in Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Survival in New Zealand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeewa%20Seneviratne">Sanjeewa Seneviratne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Campbell"> Ian Campbell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Scott"> Nina Scott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ross%20Lawrenson"> Ross Lawrenson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Indigenous Māori women experience a 60% higher breast cancer mortality rate compared with European women in New Zealand. We explored the impact of difference in the rate of screen detected breast cancer between Māori and European women on more advanced disease at diagnosis and lower survival in Māori women. Methods: All primary in-situ and invasive breast cancers diagnosed in screening age women (as defined by the New Zealand National Breast Cancer Screening Programme) between 1999 and 2012 in the Waikato area were identified from the Waikato Breast Cancer Register and the national screening database. Association between screen versus non-screen detection and cancer stage at diagnosis and survival were compared by ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation. Results: Māori women had 50% higher odds of being diagnosed with more advance staged cancer compared with NZ European women, a half of which was explained by the lower rate of screen detected cancer in Māori women. Significantly lower breast cancer survival rates were observed for Māori compared with NZ European and most deprived compared with most affluent socioeconomic groups for symptomatically detected breast cancer. No significant survival differences by ethnicity or socioeconomic deprivation were observed for screen detected breast cancer. Conclusions: Low rate of screen detected breast cancer appears to be a major contributor for more advanced stage disease at diagnosis and lower breast cancer survival in Māori compared with NZ European women. Increasing screening participation for Māori has the potential to substantially reduce breast cancer mortality inequity between Māori and NZ European women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title=" ethnicity"> ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequity" title=" inequity"> inequity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11325/impact-of-mammographic-screening-on-ethnic-inequalities-in-breast-cancer-stage-at-diagnosis-and-survival-in-new-zealand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6371</span> Benefits of Polish Accession to the European Union for Air Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Tloczynski">D. Tloczynski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this article is to present a balance of the decade of Polish air transport market in the European Union having taking into account selected entities of the aviation market. This article analyzes the functioning of the Polish air transport market after the Polish accession to the European Union. During the study two main areas were pointed: shipping activity and activity of the airports. The most important benefits of integration and the benefits of introducing of the open sky policy were indicated. The last part of the article presents the perspectives of development of air traffic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20transport" title="air transport">air transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airports" title=" airports"> airports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20air%20transport" title=" development air transport"> development air transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poland" title=" Poland"> Poland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16397/benefits-of-polish-accession-to-the-european-union-for-air-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6370</span> The Concepts of Urban Sustainable Development and Smart Cities: In the Understanding of Academia and the European Union</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wolfgang%20Haupt">Wolfgang Haupt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When considering the future city one repeatedly comes across two sometimes sparsely differentiated terms: Sustainable and smart. ‘A European Strategy for Smart, Sustainable, and Inclusive Growth’, this is how the European Commission named its current growth strategy. Thus, Europe should become smarter and more sustainable. Both, the smart and the sustainable city represent a positive vision of urban development as well as a subject area for contemporary and future urban policies. However, more clarity on what is actually behind these terminologies is required. The paper analyses how the terms are defined academically and how this academic understanding is represented in the funding mechanisms of European urban policies. The theoretical framework is mainly based on sources such as journal articles and policy reports. It became clear that despite some similarities, such as the broad field of work or the tendency to operationalize the terms by defining sub-categories, both ideas are distinctly different in terms of the development history, the main driving forces behind and the theoretical scope. Moreover, the significantly more comprehensively defined term sustainability has found its way into the centre of European regional funding policies. On the contrary, the smart city vision still lacks terminological and content-related clarity and as a consequence, the corresponding European funding landscape is more small-scaled and less customized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20spatial%20policy" title="European spatial policy">European spatial policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20union" title=" European union"> European union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20city" title=" smart city"> smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sustainable%20development" title=" urban sustainable development"> urban sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60586/the-concepts-of-urban-sustainable-development-and-smart-cities-in-the-understanding-of-academia-and-the-european-union" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6369</span> Impact of Brexit on the Structure of the European Insurance Market: A Solvency and Financial Condition Report Content Analysis of UK Insurance Companies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonia%20M%C3%BCller">Antonia Müller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svend%20Reuse"> Svend Reuse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Brexit referendum in June 2016 led to different publications analysing potential consequences for European and British insurance companies under the European Passport. This study addresses a research gap, regarding the measures taken by insurance companies based in the United Kingdom and thus on structural changes to the European insurance market by an innovative structured Solvency and Financial Condition Report content analysis. In scope are all insurance companies based in the United Kingdom, that fall under the Solvency II supervisory regime. The results show that the majority of British Solvency II insurance companies in scope, conducting cross-border business to the European Union, have applied and reported measures to be able to continue operating this cross-border business after Brexit. In addition, the study shows that 34 new insurance companies based in the European Union were established as a result of Brexit, indicating structural changes to the European insurance market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brexit" title="brexit">brexit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=europe" title=" europe"> europe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20market" title=" insurance market"> insurance market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvency%20and%20financial%20condition%20repot" title=" solvency and financial condition repot"> solvency and financial condition repot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20changes" title=" structural changes"> structural changes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145865/impact-of-brexit-on-the-structure-of-the-european-insurance-market-a-solvency-and-financial-condition-report-content-analysis-of-uk-insurance-companies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6368</span> The Conception of Implementation of Vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egl%C4%97%20Bilevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97">Eglė Bilevičiūtė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidmantas%20Egidijus%20Kurapka"> Vidmantas Egidijus Kurapka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snieguol%C4%97%20Matulien%C4%97"> Snieguolė Matulienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sigut%C4%97%20Stankevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97"> Sigutė Stankevičiūtė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Council of European Union (EU Council) has stressed on several occasions the need for a concerted, comprehensive and effective solution to delinquency problems in EU communities. In the context of establishing a European Forensic Science Area and the development of forensic science infrastructure in Europe, EU Council believes that forensic science can significantly contribute to the efficiency of law enforcement, crime prevention and combating crimes. Lithuanian scientists have consolidated to implement a project named “Conception of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 implementation in Lithuania” (the project is funded for the period of 1 March 2014 - 31 December 2016) with the objective to create a conception of implementation of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania by 1) evaluating the current status of Lithuania’s forensic system and opportunities for its improvement; 2) analysing achievements and knowledge in investigation of crimes listed in conclusions of EU Council on the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 including creation of a European Forensic Science Area and the development of forensic science infrastructure in Europe: trafficking in human beings, organised crime and terrorism; 3) analysing conceptions of criminalistics, which differ in different EU member states due to the variety of forensic schools, and finding means for their harmonization. Apart from the conception of implementation of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania, the project is expected to suggest provisions that will be relevant to other EU countries as well. Consequently, the presented conception of implementation of vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania could initiate a project for a common vision of European Forensic Science and contribute to the development of the EU as an area of freedom, security and justice. The article presents main ideas of the project of the conception of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 of EU Council and analyses its legal background, as well as prospects of and challenges for its implementation in Lithuania and the EU. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EUROVIFOR" title="EUROVIFOR">EUROVIFOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization" title=" standardization"> standardization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20for%20European%20Forensic%20Science%202020" title=" vision for European Forensic Science 2020"> vision for European Forensic Science 2020</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lithuania" title=" Lithuania"> Lithuania</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7731/the-conception-of-implementation-of-vision-for-european-forensic-science-2020-in-lithuania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6367</span> A Systematic Review of Literature: Gameful Experience in Higher Education and Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelika%20Lau">Angelika Lau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One aspect totally underrepresented regarding the effectiveness of gamification in education is gameful experience. To examine the extent to which gameful experience has been considered empirically, a systematic review was conducted. By doing so, comprehensive state-of-the-art research of gameful experience in higher education and organizational training is provided. This way, the actual gameful efficiency of gamification applications is disclosed and summarized. The review indicates that gamification provides positive effects, however, emphasizing the need for further research in this regard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20experience" title="game experience">game experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gameful%20experience" title=" gameful experience"> gameful experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game-like%20experience" title=" game-like experience"> game-like experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title=" gamification"> gamification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133152/a-systematic-review-of-literature-gameful-experience-in-higher-education-and-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6366</span> The Participation of Graduates and Students of Social Work in the Erasmus Program: a Case Study in the Portuguese context – the Polytechnic of Leiria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cezarina%20da%20Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Santinho%20Maur%C3%ADcio">Cezarina da Conceição Santinho Maurício</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Duque%20Vicente"> José Duque Vicente</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Established in 1987, the Erasmus Programme is a program for the exchange of higher education students. Its purposes are several. The mobility developed has contributed to the promotion of multiple learning, the internalization the feeling of belonging to a community, and the consolidation of cooperation between entities or universities. It also allows the experience of a European experience, considering multilingualism one of the bases of the European project and vehicle to achieve the union in diversity. The program has progressed and introduced changes Erasmus+ currently offers a wide range of opportunities for higher education, vocational education and training, school education, adult education, youth, and sport. These opportunities are open to students and other stakeholders, such as teachers. Portugal was one of the countries that readily adhered to this program, assuming itself as an instrument of internationalization of polytechnic and university higher education. Students and social work teachers have been involved in this mobility of learning and multicultural interactions. The presence and activation of this program was made possible by Portugal's joining the European Union. This event was reflected in the field of portuguese social work and contributes to its approach to the reality of european social work. Historically, the Portuguese social work has built a close connection with the Latin American world and, in particular, with Brazil. There are several examples that can be identified in the different historical stages. This is the case of the post-revolution period of 1974 and the presence of the reconceptualization movement, the struggle for enrollment in the higher education circuit, the process of winning a bachelor's degree, and postgraduate training (the first doctorates of social work were carried out in Brazilian universities). This influence is also found in the scope of the authors and the theoretical references used. This study examines the participation of graduates and students of social work in the Erasmus program. The following specific goals were outlined: to identify the host countries and universities; to investigate the dimension and type of mobility made, understand the learning and experiences acquired, identify the difficulties felt, capture their perspectives on social work and the contribution of this experience in training. In the methodological field, the option fell on a qualitative methodology, with the application of semi-structured interviews to graduates and students of social work with Erasmus mobility experience. Once the graduates agreed, the interviews were recorded and transcribed, analyzed according to the previously defined analysis categories. The findings emphasize the importance of this experience for students and graduates in informal and formal learning. The authors conclude with recommendations to reinforce this mobility, either at the individual level or as a project built for the group or collective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erasmus%20programme" title="erasmus programme">erasmus programme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graduates%20and%20students%20of%20social%20work" title=" graduates and students of social work"> graduates and students of social work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20work" title=" social work"> social work</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144774/the-participation-of-graduates-and-students-of-social-work-in-the-erasmus-program-a-case-study-in-the-portuguese-context-the-polytechnic-of-leiria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6365</span> Gramscian Class Analysis of the Brexit Process in the Passive Revolution Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volkan%20Gulsen">Volkan Gulsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to indicate the main class dynamics of the Brexit process in a Gramscian theoretical framework. It further aims to point out the influence of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom on the European Union class structure. It defines the unification process of the European Union as a passive revolution. In that way, the Brexit process has been described as a moment of negation in the European Union history of class struggle. It will be argued that the withdrawal of the United Kingdom has already altered the European class structure from the embedded neoliberal structure to a more corporate-liberal one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brexit" title="brexit">brexit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gramsci" title=" gramsci"> gramsci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20revolution" title=" passive revolution"> passive revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-neoliberalism" title=" post-neoliberalism"> post-neoliberalism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152209/gramscian-class-analysis-of-the-brexit-process-in-the-passive-revolution-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6364</span> Understanding Europe’s Role in the Area of Liberty, Security, and Justice as an International Actor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barrere%20Sarah">Barrere Sarah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The area of liberty, security, and justice within the European Union is still a work in progress. No one can deny that the EU struggles between a monistic and a dualist approach. The aim of our essay is to first review how the European law is perceived by the rest of the international scene. It will then discuss two main mechanisms at play: the interpretation of larger international treaties and the penal mechanisms of European law. Finally, it will help us understand the role of a penal Europe on the international scene with concrete examples. Special attention will be paid to cases that deal with fundamental rights as they represent an interesting case study in Europe and in the rest of the World. It could illustrate the aforementioned duality currently present in the Union’s interpretation of international public law. On the other hand, it will explore some specific European penal mechanism through mutual recognition and the European arrest warrant in the transnational criminality frame. Concerning the interpretation of the treaties, it will first, underline the ambiguity and the general nature of some treaties that leave the EU exposed to tension and misunderstanding then it will review the validity of an EU act (whether or not it is compatible with the rules of International law). Finally, it will focus on the most complete manifestation of liberty, security and justice through the principle of mutual recognition. Used initially in commercial matters, it has become “the cornerstone” of European construction. It will see how it is applied in judicial decisions (its main event and achieving success is via the European arrest warrant) and how European member states have managed to develop this cooperation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20penal%20law" title="European penal law">European penal law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20scene" title=" international scene"> international scene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberty%20security%20and%20justice%20area" title=" liberty security and justice area"> liberty security and justice area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20recognition" title=" mutual recognition"> mutual recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27677/understanding-europes-role-in-the-area-of-liberty-security-and-justice-as-an-international-actor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6363</span> The European Union: Considering Its Alleged Endangerment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jes%C3%BAs%20Ulloa">Jesús Ulloa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The creation, rise, and consolidation of far right-wing, ultranationalist, and eurosceptic parties in Europe after the Second World War pose a real threat towards the disintegration of the European Union. Starting more than thirty years ago with Jean-Marie Le Pen's FN and Margaret Thatcher's policies, to Marine Le Pen's current FN and anti-immigration proposals along with Nigel Farage's UKIP and their intentions to leave the European Union, the progress of right-wing parties should be noted, taking into account that they may have very important differences within their postures but that they also reach common ground in certain areas. The actual disintegration of the EU would represent an enormous failure of the new liberal world order. Through this essay, the roots of this political parties will be analyzed and the conclusion of whether the disintegration may become a reality or if the principles of cooperation and unity will prevail will be answered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eurosceptic" title="eurosceptic">eurosceptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultarnationalist" title=" ultarnationalist"> ultarnationalist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right-wing" title=" right-wing"> right-wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title=" European Union"> European Union</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22481/the-european-union-considering-its-alleged-endangerment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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