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goals and targets subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Details_of_17_goals_and_targets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Goal_1:_No_Poverty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_1:_No_Poverty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Goal 1: No Poverty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_1:_No_Poverty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_2:_Zero_hunger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_2:_Zero_hunger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Goal 2: Zero hunger </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_2:_Zero_hunger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_3:_Good_health_and_well-being" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_3:_Good_health_and_well-being"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Goal 3: Good health and well-being </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_3:_Good_health_and_well-being-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_4:_Quality_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_4:_Quality_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Goal 4: Quality education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_4:_Quality_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_5:_Gender_equality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_5:_Gender_equality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Goal 5: Gender equality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_5:_Gender_equality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_6:_Clean_water_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_6:_Clean_water_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_6:_Clean_water_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_7:_Affordable_and_clean_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_7:_Affordable_and_clean_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_7:_Affordable_and_clean_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_8:_Decent_work_and_economic_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_8:_Decent_work_and_economic_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_8:_Decent_work_and_economic_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_9:_Industry,_Innovation,_Technology_and_Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_9:_Industry,_Innovation,_Technology_and_Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, Technology and Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_9:_Industry,_Innovation,_Technology_and_Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_10:_Reduced_inequality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_10:_Reduced_inequality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Goal 10: Reduced inequality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_10:_Reduced_inequality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_11:_Sustainable_cities_and_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_11:_Sustainable_cities_and_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_11:_Sustainable_cities_and_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_12:_Responsible_consumption_and_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_12:_Responsible_consumption_and_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_12:_Responsible_consumption_and_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_13:_Climate_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_13:_Climate_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.13 Goal 13: Climate action </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_13:_Climate_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_14:_Life_below_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_14:_Life_below_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.14 Goal 14: Life below water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_14:_Life_below_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_15:_Life_on_land" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_15:_Life_on_land"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.15 Goal 15: Life on land </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_15:_Life_on_land-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_16:_Peace,_justice_and_strong_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_16:_Peace,_justice_and_strong_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.16 Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_16:_Peace,_justice_and_strong_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goal_17:_Partnerships_for_the_goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal_17:_Partnerships_for_the_goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.17 Goal 17: Partnerships for the goals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal_17:_Partnerships_for_the_goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Public relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advocates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Advocates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Global events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Adoption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Implementation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Implementation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Implementation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cross-cutting_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-cutting_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Cross-cutting issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-cutting_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synergies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synergies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Synergies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synergies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 International organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Funding </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Funding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Funding subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cost_estimates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cost_estimates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Cost estimates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cost_estimates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_of_finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_of_finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Sources of finance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_of_finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SDG-driven_investment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SDG-driven_investment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 SDG-driven investment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SDG-driven_investment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_and_outcomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_and_outcomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Results and outcomes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results_and_outcomes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Results and outcomes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Results_and_outcomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Assessing_the_political_impact_of_the_SDGs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessing_the_political_impact_of_the_SDGs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Assessing the political impact of the SDGs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessing_the_political_impact_of_the_SDGs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impacts_of_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impacts_of_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impacts_of_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uneven_priorities_of_goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uneven_priorities_of_goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Uneven priorities of goals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uneven_priorities_of_goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monitoring_progress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monitoring_progress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Monitoring progress </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Monitoring_progress-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Monitoring progress subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Monitoring_progress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tools_and_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools_and_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Tools and websites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools_and_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UN_High-Level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development_(HLPF)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UN_High-Level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development_(HLPF)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UN_High-Level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development_(HLPF)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Challenges </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Challenges subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Too_many_goals_and_overall_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Too_many_goals_and_overall_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Too many goals and overall problems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Too_many_goals_and_overall_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weak_on_environmental_sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weak_on_environmental_sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Weak on environmental sustainability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weak_on_environmental_sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethical_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethical_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Ethical aspects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethical_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difficulties_with_tracking_qualitative_indicators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difficulties_with_tracking_qualitative_indicators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Difficulties with tracking qualitative indicators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difficulties_with_tracking_qualitative_indicators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade-offs_and_priorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade-offs_and_priorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Trade-offs and priorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-offs_and_priorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_progress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_progress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Examples of progress </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples_of_progress-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Examples of progress subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_progress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia_and_Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_and_Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Asia and Pacific </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_and_Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.2 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2.1 Nigeria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_and_Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_and_Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Europe and Middle East </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_and_Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.1 Lebanon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.2 Syria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3.3 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" > 81 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhoubare_Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte" title="Volhoubare Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Volhoubare Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%88%E1%8B%98%E1%88%88%E1%89%84%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%8A_%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%8D%E1%88%9B%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%8D%E1%89%A5" title="ለዘለቄታዊ የልማት ግብ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ለዘለቄታዊ የልማት ግብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" title="أهداف التنمية المستدامة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أهداف التنمية المستدامة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կայուն զարգացման նպատակներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կայուն զարգացման նպատակներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="বহনক্ষম উন্নয়নৰ লক্ষ্য – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বহনক্ষম উন্নয়নৰ লক্ষ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayan%C4%B1ql%C4%B1_%C4%B0nki%C5%9Faf_M%C9%99qs%C9%99dl%C9%99ri" title="Dayanıqlı İnkişaf Məqsədləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dayanıqlı İnkişaf Məqsədləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatujon_Pawangunan_Malanturan" title="Tatujon Pawangunan Malanturan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tatujon Pawangunan Malanturan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="টেকসই উন্নয়ন লক্ষ্যমাত্রা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেকসই উন্নয়ন লক্ষ্যমাত্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Мэты ўстойлівага развіцця – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мэты ўстойлівага развіцця" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="सस्टेनेबल डेवलपमेंट गोल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सस्टेनेबल डेवलपमेंट गोल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Цели за устойчиво развитие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цели за устойчиво развитие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciljevi_odr%C5%BEivog_razvoja" title="Ciljevi održivog razvoja – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ciljevi održivog razvoja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectius_de_desenvolupament_sostenible" title="Objectius de desenvolupament sostenible – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Objectius de desenvolupament sostenible" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADle_udr%C5%BEiteln%C3%A9ho_rozvoje" title="Cíle udržitelného rozvoje – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cíle udržitelného rozvoje" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN%27s_verdensm%C3%A5l" title="FN's verdensmål – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="FN's verdensmål" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziele_f%C3%BCr_nachhaltige_Entwicklung" title="Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4%C3%A4stva_arengu_eesm%C3%A4rgid" title="Säästva arengu eesmärgid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Säästva arengu eesmärgid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7" title="Στόχοι για τη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στόχοι για τη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objetivos_de_Desarrollo_Sostenible" title="Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celoj_por_Da%C5%ADripova_Evoluigo" title="Celoj por Daŭripova Evoluigo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Celoj por Daŭripova Evoluigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garapen_Jasangarrirako_Helburuak" title="Garapen Jasangarrirako Helburuak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Garapen Jasangarrirako Helburuak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B3%DB%B0_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="سند ۲۰۳۰ یونسکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سند ۲۰۳۰ یونسکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectifs_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_durable" title="Objectifs de développement durable – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Objectifs de développement durable" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spriocanna_Forbartha_Inbhuanaithe" title="Spriocanna Forbartha Inbhuanaithe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spriocanna Forbartha Inbhuanaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obxectivos_de_Desenvolvemento_Sost%C3%ADbel" title="Obxectivos de Desenvolvemento Sostíbel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Obxectivos de Desenvolvemento Sostíbel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C_%EB%AA%A9%ED%91%9C" title="지속가능 개발 목표 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지속가능 개발 목표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կայուն զարգացման նպատակներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կայուն զարգացման նպատակներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="संधारणीय विकास लक्ष्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संधारणीय विकास लक्ष्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciljevi_odr%C5%BEivog_razvoja" title="Ciljevi održivog razvoja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ciljevi održivog razvoja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihe_Ebumnuche_Mmepe_Na-ad%E1%BB%8Bgide_Ad%E1%BB%8Bgide" title="Ihe Ebumnuche Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ihe Ebumnuche Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tujuan_Pembangunan_Berkelanjutan" title="Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfb%C3%A6rnimarkmi%C3%B0_Sameinu%C3%B0u_%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0anna" title="Sjálfbærnimarkmið Sameinuðu þjóðanna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjálfbærnimarkmið Sameinuðu þjóðanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obiettivi_di_sviluppo_sostenibile" title="Obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%90" title="יעדים לפיתוח בר קיימא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יעדים לפיתוח בר קיימא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მდგრადი განვითარების მიზნები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მდგრადი განვითარების მიზნები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malengo_endelevu" title="Malengo endelevu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malengo endelevu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektif_devl%C3%B2pman_dirab" title="Objektif devlòpman dirab – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Objektif devlòpman dirab" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposita_progressus_durabilis" title="Proposita progressus durabilis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Proposita progressus durabilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANO_Ilgtsp%C4%93j%C4%ABgas_att%C4%ABst%C4%ABbas_m%C4%93r%C4%B7i" title="ANO Ilgtspējīgas attīstības mērķi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ANO Ilgtspējīgas attīstības mērķi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darnaus_vystymosi_tikslai" title="Darnaus vystymosi tikslai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Darnaus vystymosi tikslai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenntarthat%C3%B3_fejl%C5%91d%C3%A9si_c%C3%A9lok" title="Fenntartható fejlődési célok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fenntartható fejlődési célok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Цели за одржлив развој – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цели за одржлив развој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="സുസ്ഥിര വികസന ലക്ഷ്യങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുസ്ഥിര വികസന ലക്ഷ്യങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="शाश्वत विकास ध्येये – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शाश्वत विकास ध्येये" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="اهداف التنميه المستدامه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اهداف التنميه المستدامه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matlamat_Pembangunan_Mampan" title="Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Тогтвортой хөгжлийн зорилтууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тогтвортой хөгжлийн зорилтууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duurzameontwikkelingsdoelstellingen" title="Duurzameontwikkelingsdoelstellingen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Duurzameontwikkelingsdoelstellingen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82" title="दिगो विकासका लक्ष्यहरू – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दिगो विकासका लक्ष्यहरू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8C%81%E7%B6%9A%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E3%81%AA%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99" title="持続可能な開発目標 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="持続可能な開発目標" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNs_b%C3%A6rekraftsm%C3%A5l" title="FNs bærekraftsmål – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="FNs bærekraftsmål" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_2030" title="Agenda 2030 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Agenda 2030" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galmoota_Misooma_Waaraa" title="Galmoota Misooma Waaraa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Galmoota Misooma Waaraa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barqaror_rivojlanish_maqsadlari" title="Barqaror rivojlanish maqsadlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Barqaror rivojlanish maqsadlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87" title="ਟਿਕਾਊ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਟੀਚੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟਿਕਾਊ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਟੀਚੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%92" title="ٹکاؤ ترقی ٹیچے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹکاؤ ترقی ٹیچے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%90_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%90" title="د پایدارې پراختیا موخې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د پایدارې پراختیا موخې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8C%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8D%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96" title="គោលដៅអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ប្រកបដោយចីរភាព – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គោលដៅអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ប្រកបដោយចីរភាព" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cele_Zr%C3%B3wnowa%C5%BConego_Rozwoju_2030" title="Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 2030 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 2030" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objetivos_de_Desenvolvimento_Sustent%C3%A1vel" title="Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obiectivele_de_dezvoltare_durabil%C4%83" title="Obiectivele de dezvoltare durabilă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Obiectivele de dezvoltare durabilă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Цели устойчивого развития – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цели устойчивого развития" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektivat_e_Zhvillimit_t%C3%AB_Q%C3%ABndruesh%C3%ABm" title="Objektivat e Zhvillimit të Qëndrueshëm – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Objektivat e Zhvillimit të Qëndrueshëm" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sustainable Development Goals" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilji_trajnostnega_razvoja" title="Cilji trajnostnega razvoja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cilji trajnostnega razvoja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilooyinka_Horumarin_Waara" title="Himilooyinka Horumarin Waara – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Himilooyinka Horumarin Waara" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئامانجەکانی گەشەپێدانی بەردەوام – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئامانجەکانی گەشەپێدانی بەردەوام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Циљеви одрживог развоја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Циљеви одрживог развоја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kest%C3%A4v%C3%A4n_kehityksen_tavoitteet" title="Kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kestävän kehityksen tavoitteet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globala_m%C3%A5len" title="Globala målen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Globala målen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வளங்குன்றா வளர்ச்சிக் குறிக்கோள்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளங்குன்றா வளர்ச்சிக் குறிக்கோள்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"SDG" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/SDG_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="SDG (disambiguation)">SDG (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 2023 goals. For the 2015 goals, see <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sustainable_Development_Goals_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Sustainable_Development_Goals_logo.svg/220px-Sustainable_Development_Goals_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Sustainable_Development_Goals_logo.svg/330px-Sustainable_Development_Goals_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/31/Sustainable_Development_Goals_logo.svg/440px-Sustainable_Development_Goals_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="283" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mission_statement" title="Mission statement">Mission statement</a></th><td class="infobox-data">"A shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">2015</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disestablished</th><td class="infobox-data">2030</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/">www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) members in 2015, created 17 world Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of these global goals is "<a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">peace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prosperity" title="Prosperity">prosperity</a> for people and the planet"<a href="#cite_note-the17SDGs-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN-2017b-2">[2]</a> – while tackling <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and working to preserve oceans and forests. The SDGs highlight the connections between the environmental, social and economic aspects of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a> is at the center of the SDGs, as the term <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> implies. The short titles of the 17 SDGs are: No poverty (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_1" title="Sustainable Development Goal 1">SDG 1</a>), Zero hunger (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_2" title="Sustainable Development Goal 2">SDG 2</a>), Good health and well-being (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_3" title="Sustainable Development Goal 3">SDG 3</a>), Quality education (<a href="/wiki/SDG_4" class="mw-redirect" title="SDG 4">SDG 4</a>), Gender equality (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_5" title="Sustainable Development Goal 5">SDG 5</a>), Clean water and sanitation (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6" title="Sustainable Development Goal 6">SDG 6</a>), Affordable and clean energy (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_7" title="Sustainable Development Goal 7">SDG 7</a>), Decent work and economic growth (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_8" title="Sustainable Development Goal 8">SDG 8</a>), Industry, innovation and infrastructure (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_9" title="Sustainable Development Goal 9">SDG 9</a>), Reduced inequalities (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_10" title="Sustainable Development Goal 10">SDG 10</a>), Sustainable cities and communities (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_11" title="Sustainable Development Goal 11">SDG 11</a>), Responsible consumption and production (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_12" title="Sustainable Development Goal 12">SDG 12</a>), <a href="/wiki/Climate_action" title="Climate action">Climate action</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_13" title="Sustainable Development Goal 13">SDG 13</a>), Life below water (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">SDG 14</a>), Life on land (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_15" title="Sustainable Development Goal 15">SDG 15</a>), Peace, justice, and strong institutions (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_16" title="Sustainable Development Goal 16">SDG 16</a>), and Partnerships for the goals (<a href="/wiki/SDG_17" class="mw-redirect" title="SDG 17">SDG 17</a>). These goals are ambitious, and the reports and outcomes to date indicate a challenging path. Most, if not all, of the goals are unlikely to be met by 2030. Rising inequalities, climate change, and <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a> are topics of concerns threatening progress. The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020 to 2023 made these challenges worse. The pandemic impacted all 17 goals and emphasized the interconnectedness of global health, economic, social, and environmental challenges.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> Some regions, such as Asia, have experienced significant setbacks during that time. The global effort for the SDGs calls for prioritizing environmental sustainability, understanding the indivisible nature of the goals, and seeking synergies across sectors. With regards to the political impact of the SDGs, it has been observed that they have mainly influenced global and national debates. By doing so, they have led to discursive effects for global and national debates. However, they have struggled to achieve transformative changes in policy and institutional structures.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> The uneven prioritization of goals reflects longstanding national development policies. This complicates the global endeavor towards sustainable development. For example, there has long been a tendency to favor socio-economic objectives over environmental ones.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> Funding remains a critical issue for achieving the SDGs. Significant financial resources would be required worldwide. The United Nations, other <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organizations</a>, and national governments are trying to assist with funding efforts. Furthermore, the role of private investment and a shift towards <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">sustainable financing</a> are also essential for realizing the SDGs. Examples of progress from some countries demonstrate that achieving sustainable development through concerted global action is possible. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_principles">General principles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General principles">edit</a>]</div> The SDGs are, in essence, universal, time-bound, and legally non-binding policy objectives agreed upon by governments. They come close to prescriptive <a href="/wiki/International_norms" class="mw-redirect" title="International norms">international norms</a> but are generally more specific, and they can be highly ambitious. The overarching UN program "2030 Agenda" presented the SDGs in 2015 as a "supremely ambitious and transformative vision" that should be accompanied by "bold and transformative steps" with "scale and ambition".<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a> Scholars noted that the goals had the potential to form overarching and crosscutting norms that integrate social and environmental considerations into new definitions of development.<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a> The SDGs are "unique and special, at least in five dimensions".<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> Firstly, they apply to all countries of the world, not just <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a> (from the year 2000 to 2015) did. Secondly, they target all three dimensions of <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, namely the environmental, economic and social dimension. Thirdly, the development and negotiations of the SDGs were not "town down" by civil servants but were relatively open and transparent, aiming to include "bottom up" participation. Fourthly, the SDGs have been "institutionally embedded at a higher political level than earlier goals in development policy": A new forum, the <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> was created in 2013 to review the progress of the implementation of the SDGs. The fifth aspect about the SDGs that is unique is that they are "more visible in public discourse and more central in the United Nations system than earlier initiatives".<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> The SDGs are emphasizing inclusiveness in the national context and also in <a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">global governance</a>. For the national context this means a focus on groups that are "suffering from <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">exclusion</a> and inequalities, namely children and the youth, persons with disabilities, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migrants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a>".<a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[6]</a> For the global context, inclusiveness means a special emphasis on the <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed countries</a>, which are "the 46 poorest countries that are home to 13 per cent of the world population and that the 2030 Agenda recognizes as particularly vulnerable".<a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure_of_goals_and_targets">Structure of goals and targets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure of goals and targets">edit</a>]</div> The lists of targets and indicators for each of the 17 SDGs was published in a UN resolution in July 2017.<a href="#cite_note-UN-2017a-7">[7]</a> Each goal typically has eight to 12 targets, and each target has between one and four indicators used to measure progress toward reaching the targets, with the average of 1.5 indicators per target.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The targets are either outcome targets (circumstances to be attained) or means of implementation targets.<a href="#cite_note-Bartram-2018-9">[9]</a> The latter targets were introduced late in the process of negotiating the SDGs to address the concern of some Member States about how the SDGs were to be achieved. Goal 17 is wholly about how the SDGs will be achieved.<a href="#cite_note-Bartram-2018-9">[9]</a> The numbering system of targets is as follows: Outcome targets use numbers, whereas means of implementation targets use lower case letters.<a href="#cite_note-Bartram-2018-9">[9]</a> For example, SDG 6 has a total of 8 targets. The first six are outcome targets and are labeled Targets 6.1 to 6.6. The final two targets are means of implementation targets and are labeled as Targets 6.a and 6.b. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indicators">Indicators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Indicators">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistics_Division" title="United Nations Statistics Division">United Nations Statistics Division</a> (UNSD) website provides a current official indicator list which includes all updates until the 51st session Statistical Commission in March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Stats-2017-10">[10]</a> The indicators for the targets have varying levels of methodological development and availability of data at the global level.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Stats-2020c-11">[11]</a> Initially, some indicators (called Tier 3 indicators) had no internationally established methodology or standards. Later, the global indicator framework was adjusted so that Tier 3 indicators were either abandoned, replaced or refined.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Stats-2020c-11">[11]</a> As of 17 July 2020, there were 231 unique indicators.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Stats-2020c-11">[11]</a> Data or information must address all vulnerable groups such as children, elderly people, <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">persons with disabilities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Migrant_worker" title="Migrant worker">migrants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally-displaced persons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> For each indicator, the Inter-Agency and Expert Group tried to designate at least one custodian agency and focal point that would be responsible for developing the methodology, data collection, data aggregation, and later reporting.<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The division of indicators was primarily based on existing mandates and organizational capacity. For example, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> established itself as a data gatekeeper in this process through its broad mandate, staff, budget, and expertise in large-scale data collection. The bank became formally involved in about 20 percent of all 231 SDG indicators; it served as the custodian agency for 20 of them and was involved in the development and monitoring of another 22.<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a> The indicator framework was comprehensively reviewed at the 51st session of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistical_Commission" title="United Nations Statistical Commission">United Nations Statistical Commission</a> in 2020. It will be reviewed again in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Stats-2020b-14">[14]</a> At the 51st session of the Statistical Commission (held in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> from 3 to 6 March 2020) a total of 36 changes to the global indicator framework were proposed for the commission's consideration. Some indicators were replaced, revised or deleted.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Stats-2020b-14">[14]</a> Between 15 October 2018 and 17 April 2020, other changes were made to the indicators.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Yet their measurement continues to be fraught with difficulties.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details_of_17_goals_and_targets">Details of 17 goals and targets</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Details of 17 goals and targets">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sustainable_Development_Goal_targets_and_indicators" title="List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators">List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_1:_No_Poverty">Goal 1: No Poverty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Goal 1: No Poverty">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sustainable Development Goal 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg/124px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg/186px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg/248px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>SDG 1</figcaption></figure> SDG 1 is to: "End poverty in all its forms everywhere."<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2020b-17">[17]</a> Achieving SDG 1 would end <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> globally by 2030. One of its indicators is the proportion of population living below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2020b-17">[17]</a> The data gets analyzed by sex, age, employment status, and geographical location (urban/rural). <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_1" title="Sustainable Development Goal 1">Sustainable Development Goal 1</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_1&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 1 aims to eradicate every form of <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> including the lack of food, clean drinking water, and <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a>. Achieving this goal includes finding solutions to new threats caused by <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conflict_(process)" title="Conflict (process)">conflict</a>. SDG 1 focuses not just on people living in poverty, but also on the services people rely on and social policy that either promotes or prevents poverty.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_1_:1-18">[18]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_2:_Zero_hunger">Goal 2: Zero hunger</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Goal 2: Zero hunger">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sustainable_Development_Goal_02ZeroHunger.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sustainable Development Goal 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sustainable_Development_Goal_02ZeroHunger.svg/124px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_02ZeroHunger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sustainable_Development_Goal_02ZeroHunger.svg/186px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_02ZeroHunger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sustainable_Development_Goal_02ZeroHunger.svg/248px-Sustainable_Development_Goal_02ZeroHunger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>SDG 2</figcaption></figure> SDG 2 is to: "End hunger, achieve <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a> and improved nutrition, and promote <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">sustainable agriculture</a>."<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Indicators for this goal are for example the prevalence of diet, prevalence of severe food insecurity, and prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Stunted_growth" title="Stunted growth">stunting</a> among children under five years of age. <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_2" title="Sustainable Development Goal 2">Sustainable Development Goal 2</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_2&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 2 has eight targets and 14 indicators to measure progress.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_2_:172-20">[20]</a> The five outcome targets are: ending <a href="/wiki/Hunger" title="Hunger">hunger</a> and improving access to food; ending all forms of <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a>; <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_productivity" title="Agricultural productivity">agricultural productivity</a>; sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices; and genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals; investments, research and technology. The three means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_2_:22-21">[21]</a> include: addressing <a href="/wiki/Trade_restriction" title="Trade restriction">trade restrictions</a> and distortions in world agricultural markets and food <a href="/wiki/Commodity_market" title="Commodity market">commodity markets</a> and their derivatives.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_2_:172-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_3:_Good_health_and_well-being">Goal 3: Good health and well-being</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Goal 3: Good health and well-being">edit</a>]</div> SDG 3 is to: "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages."<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2020c-23">[23]</a> Important indicators here are <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> as well as child and maternal mortality. Further indicators are for example deaths from road traffic injuries, prevalence of current tobacco use, and suicide mortality rate.<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2020c-23">[23]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_3" title="Sustainable Development Goal 3">Sustainable Development Goal 3</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_3&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Good health is essential to <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2030_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Agenda">2030 Agenda</a>. It focuses on broader <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">social inequalities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate_crisis" title="Climate crisis">climate crisis</a>, and the continuing burden of HIV and other <a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diseases">infectious diseases</a>, while not forgetting emerging challenges such as <a href="/wiki/Non-communicable_disease" title="Non-communicable disease">non-communicable diseases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_3_:1-24">[24]</a> Considering the global pandemic of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19</a>, there is a need to give significant attention to the realization of good health and well-being on a global scale.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_4:_Quality_education">Goal 4: Quality education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Goal 4: Quality education">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(2011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report)_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp,_Kenya_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%282011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report%29_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp%2C_Kenya_1.jpg/240px-%282011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report%29_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp%2C_Kenya_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%282011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report%29_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp%2C_Kenya_1.jpg/360px-%282011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report%29_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp%2C_Kenya_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%282011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report%29_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp%2C_Kenya_1.jpg/480px-%282011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report%29_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp%2C_Kenya_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>School children in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya</figcaption></figure> SDG 4 is to: "Ensure inclusive<a href="#cite_note-the17SDGs-1">[1]</a> and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all."<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2018d-25">[25]</a> The indicators for this goal are, for example, attendance rates at primary schools, completion rates of primary school education, participation in tertiary education, and so forth. In each case, parity indices are looked at to ensure that disadvantaged students do not miss out (data is collected on "female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples"<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2018d-25">[25]</a>). There is also an indicator around the facilities that the school buildings have (access to electricity, the internet, computers, drinking water, toilets etc.).<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2018d-25">[25]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">Sustainable Development Goal 4</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_4&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 4 has 10 targets which are measured by 11 indicators. The seven outcome targets are: free <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>; equal access to quality <a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">pre-primary education</a>; affordable technical, <a href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">vocational</a> and <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>; increased number of people with relevant skills for financial success; elimination of all <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">discrimination in education</a>; universal <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numeracy" title="Numeracy">numeracy</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Education_for_sustainable_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Education for sustainable development">education for sustainable development</a> and global citizenship. The three means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_4_:22-26">[26]</a> are: build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools; expand <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> scholarships for developing countries; and increase the supply of qualified <a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">teachers</a> in developing countries.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_5:_Gender_equality">Goal 5: Gender equality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Goal 5: Gender equality">edit</a>]</div> SDG 5 is to: "Achieve <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> and empower all women and girls."<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Indicators include, for example, having suitable legal frameworks and the representation by women in <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">national parliament</a> or in local deliberative bodies.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> Numbers on <a href="/wiki/Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">forced marriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation/cutting</a> (FGM/C) are also included in another indicator.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_5" title="Sustainable Development Goal 5">Sustainable Development Goal 5</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_5&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_5" title="Sustainable Development Goal 5">Sustainable Development Goal 5</a> (SDG 5 or Global Goal 5) concerns <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> and is fifth of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in 2015. Through the pledge to "Leave No One Behind", countries have committed to fast-track progress for those furthest behind first.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_5_:1-30">[30]</a>: 54  SDG 5 aims to grant women and girls <a href="/wiki/Equal_rights_for_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal rights for women">equal rights</a> and opportunities to live free of violence and discrimination, including <a href="/wiki/Workplace_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Workplace discrimination">in the workplace</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_6:_Clean_water_and_sanitation">Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_(Bangladesh)_(38403428742).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_%28Bangladesh%29_%2838403428742%29.jpg/220px-School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_%28Bangladesh%29_%2838403428742%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_%28Bangladesh%29_%2838403428742%29.jpg/330px-School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_%28Bangladesh%29_%2838403428742%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_%28Bangladesh%29_%2838403428742%29.jpg/440px-School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_%28Bangladesh%29_%2838403428742%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Example of sanitation for all: School toilet (IPH school and college, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh)</figcaption></figure> SDG 6 is to: "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all."<a href="#cite_note-SDG6_targets-31">[31]</a> The Joint Monitoring Programme (<a href="/wiki/Joint_Monitoring_Programme_for_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation" title="Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation">JMP</a>) of <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> is responsible for monitoring progress to achieve the first two targets of this goal. Important indicators for this goal are the percentages of the population that uses safely managed drinking water, and has access to safely managed sanitation. The JMP reported in 2017 that 4.5 billion people do not have <a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">safely managed sanitation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JMP2017-32">[32]</a> Another indicator looks at the proportion of <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">domestic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater_treatment" title="Industrial wastewater treatment">industrial wastewater</a> that is safely treated. <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6" title="Sustainable Development Goal 6">Sustainable Development Goal 6</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_6&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6" title="Sustainable Development Goal 6">Sustainable Development Goal 6</a> (SDG 6 or Global Goal 6) declares the importance of achieving "clean water and <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> for all". It is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> to succeed the former <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a> (MDGs). According to the United Nations, the overall goal is to: "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all."<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_6_SDG6-33">[33]</a> The goal has eight targets to be achieved by 2030 covering the main areas of water supply and sanitation and sustainable water resource management. Progress toward the targets will be measured by using eleven indicators.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_6_:17-34">[34]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_7:_Affordable_and_clean_energy">Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy">edit</a>]</div> SDG 7 is to "Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all."<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2018b-35">[35]</a> One of the indicators for this goal is the percentage of population with access to electricity (progress in expanding access to electricity has been made in several countries, notably <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a><a href="#cite_note-Energyreport2019-36">[36]</a>). Other indicators look at the renewable energy share and energy efficiency. <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_7" title="Sustainable Development Goal 7">Sustainable Development Goal 7</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_7&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> The goal has five targets to be achieved by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_7_SDG_Tracker-37">[37]</a> Progress towards the targets is measured by six indicators.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_7_SDG_Tracker-37">[37]</a> Three out of the five targets are outcome targets: Universal access to modern energy; increase global percentage of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>; double the improvement in <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a>. The remaining two targets are means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_7_:22-38">[38]</a>: to promote access to research, technology and investments in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">clean energy</a>; and expand and upgrade <a href="/wiki/Energy_system" title="Energy system">energy services</a> for developing countries. In other words, these targets include access to affordable and reliable energy while increasing the share of renewable energy in the global <a href="/wiki/Energy_mix" title="Energy mix">energy mix</a>. They also focus on improving energy efficiency, international cooperation and investment in clean energy infrastructure，and equal rights to energy distribution.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_8:_Decent_work_and_economic_growth">Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth">edit</a>]</div> SDG 8 is to: "Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all."<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2018a-39">[39]</a> Important indicators for this goal include economic growth in least developed countries and the rate of real <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_countries_by_GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of countries by GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a>. Further examples are rates of youth unemployment and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational injuries">occupational injuries</a> or the number of women engaged in the labor force compared to men.<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2018a-39">[39]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_8" title="Sustainable Development Goal 8">Sustainable Development Goal 8</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_8&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 8 has twelve targets in total to be achieved by 2030. Some targets are for 2030; others are for 2020. The first ten are outcome targets. These are; "sustainable <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth</a>; <a href="/wiki/Diversity_(business)" title="Diversity (business)">diversify</a>, innovate and upgrade for <a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">economic productivity</a>", "promote policies to support job creation and growing enterprises", "improve <a href="/wiki/Resource_efficiency" title="Resource efficiency">resource efficiency</a> in consumption and production", 'full <a href="/wiki/Employment" title="Employment">employment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decent_work" title="Decent work">decent work</a> with <a href="/wiki/Equal_pay_for_equal_work" title="Equal pay for equal work">equal pay</a>', 'promote youth employment, education and training', 'end <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_21st_century" title="Slavery in the 21st century">modern slavery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">trafficking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a>', 'protect <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">labour rights</a> and promote safe working environments', 'promote beneficial and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a>', universal access to banking, insurance and <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial services</a>. In addition, there are also two targets for means of implementation<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_8_:22-40">[40]</a>, which are: Increase <a href="/wiki/Aid_for_Trade" title="Aid for Trade">aid for trade</a> support; develop a global youth employment strategy.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_9:_Industry,_Innovation,_Technology_and_Infrastructure">Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, Technology and Infrastructure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, Technology and Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> SDG 9 is to: "Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Indicators in this goal include for example, the proportion of people who are employed in <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a> activities, are living in areas covered by a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile network">mobile network</a>, or who have access to the internet.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> An indicator that is connected to climate change is "CO2 emissions per unit of value added." <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_9" title="Sustainable Development Goal 9">Sustainable Development Goal 9</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_9&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 9 has eight targets, and progress is measured by twelve indicators. The first five targets are outcome targets: develop sustainable, <a href="/wiki/Resilience_(engineering_and_construction)" title="Resilience (engineering and construction)">resilient</a> and inclusive infrastructures; promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization; increase access to <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial services</a> and markets; upgrade all industries and infrastructures for <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a>; enhance research and upgrade <a href="/wiki/Industrial_technology" title="Industrial technology">industrial technologies</a>. The remaining three targets are means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_9_:22-42">[42]</a>: Facilitate sustainable infrastructure development for developing countries; support domestic technology development and industrial diversification; universal access to <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">information and communications technology</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_10:_Reduced_inequality">Goal 10: Reduced inequality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Goal 10: Reduced inequality">edit</a>]</div> SDG 10 is to: "Reduce inequality within and among countries."<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Important indicators for this SDG are: income disparities, aspects of gender and disability, as well as policies for migration and mobility of people.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Stats-2020a-44">[44]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_10" title="Sustainable Development Goal 10">Sustainable Development Goal 10</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_10&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2019. Progress towards targets will be measured by indicators. The first seven targets are outcome targets: Reduce <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_metrics" title="Income inequality metrics">income inequalities</a>; promote universal social, economic and political inclusion; ensure <a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">equal opportunities</a> and end <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a>; adopt fiscal and social policies that promotes equality; improved regulation of global <a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">financial markets</a> and institutions; enhanced representation for <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Financial_institution" title="Financial institution">financial institutions</a>; responsible and well-managed migration policies. The other three targets are means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_10_:22-45">[45]</a>: Special and differential treatment for developing countries; encourage <a href="/wiki/Development_aid" title="Development aid">development assistance</a> and investment in <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed countries</a>; reduce transaction costs for migrant <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">remittances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_10_:172-46">[46]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_11:_Sustainable_cities_and_communities">Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities">edit</a>]</div> SDG 11 is to: "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable."<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Important indicators for this goal are the number of people living in urban slums, the proportion of the urban population who has convenient access to public transport, and the extent of built-up area per person.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_11" title="Sustainable Development Goal 11">Sustainable Development Goal 11</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_11&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 11 has 10 targets to be achieved, and this is being measured with 15 indicators. The seven outcome targets include safe and affordable housing, affordable and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">sustainable transport</a> systems, inclusive and sustainable urbanization,<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> protection of the world's <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage">natural heritage</a>, reduction of the adverse effects of <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disasters</a>, reduction of the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues" title="Environmental issues">environmental impacts</a> of cities and to provide access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces. The three means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_11_:222-49">[49]</a> include strong national and regional development planning, implementing policies for inclusion, <a href="/wiki/Resource_efficiency" title="Resource efficiency">resource efficiency</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Disaster_risk_reduction" title="Disaster risk reduction">disaster risk reduction</a> in supporting the <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed countries</a> in sustainable and resilient building.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_11_:17-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_11_UNDP_website_Goal_11-51">[51]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_12:_Responsible_consumption_and_production">Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production">edit</a>]</div> SDG 12 is to: "Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> One of the indicators is the number of national policy instruments to promote <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumption" title="Sustainable consumption">sustainable consumption</a> and production patterns.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a>: 14  Another one is global fossil fuel subsidies.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a>: 14  An increase in domestic recycling and a reduced reliance on the global plastic <a href="/wiki/Waste_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste trade">waste trade</a> are other actions that might help meet the goal.<a href="#cite_note-Walker-53">[53]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_12" title="Sustainable Development Goal 12">Sustainable Development Goal 12</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_12&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Sustainable Development Goal 12 has 11 targets. The first 8 are outcome targets, which are: implement the 10‑Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns; achieve the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_management" title="Sustainable management">sustainable management</a> and efficient use of <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>; reducing by half the <a href="/wiki/Per_capita" title="Per capita">per capita</a> global <a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">food waste</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer">consumer</a> levels and the reduction of food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses; achieving the environmentally sound management of <a href="/wiki/Chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemicals">chemicals</a> and all wastes throughout their life cycle; reducing <a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">waste</a> generation through prevention, reduction, <a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a> and reuse; encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices; promote public <a href="/wiki/Procurement" title="Procurement">procurement</a> practices that are sustainable; and ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and <a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">awareness</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>. The three means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_12_:222-54">[54]</a> are: support <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a> to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity; develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts; and remove market distortions, like <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_subsidies" title="Fossil fuel subsidies">fossil fuel subsidies</a>, that encourage wasteful consumption.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_12_:172-55">[55]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_13:_Climate_action">Goal 13: Climate action</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Goal 13: Climate action">edit</a>]</div> SDG 13 is to: "Take urgent action to combat <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and its impacts by regulating emissions and promoting developments in renewable energy."<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 2021 to early 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> (IPCC) published its <a href="/wiki/IPCC_Sixth_Assessment_Report" title="IPCC Sixth Assessment Report">Sixth Assessment Report</a> which assesses scientific, technical, and socio-economic information concerning climate change.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_13" title="Sustainable Development Goal 13">Sustainable Development Goal 13</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_13&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 13 has five targets which are to be achieved by 2030. They cover a wide range of issues surrounding climate action. The first three targets are outcome targets. The first target is to strengthen resilience and <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_capacity" title="Adaptive capacity">adaptive capacity</a> towards climate change-related <a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">disasters</a>. The second target is to integrate climate change measures into policies and planning. The third target is to <a href="/wiki/Capacity_building" title="Capacity building">build knowledge and capacity</a>. The remaining two targets are means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_13_:222-58">[58]</a>. These include implementing the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">UN Framework Convention on Climate Change</a> (UNFCCC), and to promote mechanisms to raise capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management. Along with each target, there are indicators that provide a method to review the overall progress of each target. The UNFCCC is the main intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_14:_Life_below_water">Goal 14: Life below water</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Goal 14: Life below water">edit</a>]</div> SDG 14 is to: "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and <a href="/wiki/Marine_resources" title="Marine resources">marine resources</a> for sustainable development."<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2018c-59">[59]</a> The current efforts to protect oceans, marine environments and small-scale fishers are not meeting the need to protect the resources.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> Increased <a href="/wiki/Ocean_temperature" title="Ocean temperature">ocean temperatures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ocean_deoxygenation" title="Ocean deoxygenation">oxygen loss</a> act concurrently with ocean acidification to constitute the deadly trio of climate change pressures on the marine environment.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg/220px-Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg/330px-Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg/440px-Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Nusa Lembongan Reef</figcaption></figure> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">Sustainable Development Goal 14</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_14&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> The first seven targets are outcome targets: Reduce <a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">marine pollution</a>; protect and restore <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>; reduce <a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">ocean acidification</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">sustainable fishing</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">conserve</a> coastal and marine areas; end subsidies contributing to <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>; increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources. The last three targets are means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_14_:22-61">[61]</a>: To increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health; support <a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">small scale fishers</a>; implement and enforce international <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_sea" title="Law of the sea">sea law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_14_:17-62">[62]</a> One indicator (14.1.1b) under Goal 14 specifically relates to reducing impacts from <a href="/wiki/Marine_plastic_pollution" title="Marine plastic pollution">marine plastic pollution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_14_Walker-63">[63]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_15:_Life_on_land">Goal 15: Life on land</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Goal 15: Life on land">edit</a>]</div> SDG 15 is to: "Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a>, and halt and reverse land <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">degradation</a> and halt <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a>."<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The proportion of remaining forest area, desertification and <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">species extinction</a> risk are example indicators of this goal.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_15" title="Sustainable Development Goal 15">Sustainable Development Goal 15</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_15&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> The nine outcome targets include: Conserve and restore terrestrial and freshwater <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>; end <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> and restore degraded forests; end <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a> and restore degraded land; ensure conservation of mountain ecosystems, protect <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">natural habitats</a>; protect access to <a href="/wiki/Genetic_resources" title="Genetic resources">genetic resources</a> and fair sharing of the benefits; eliminate <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> and trafficking of <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">protected species</a>; prevent <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive alien species</a> on land and in water ecosystems; and integrate ecosystem and biodiversity in governmental planning. The three means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_15_:22-66">[66]</a> include: Increase financial resources to conserve and sustainably use ecosystem and biodiversity; finance and incentivize <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forest management">sustainable forest management</a>; combat global poaching and trafficking.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_16:_Peace,_justice_and_strong_institutions">Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions">edit</a>]</div> SDG 16 is to: "Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels."<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Rates of birth registration and prevalence of bribery are two examples of indicators included in this goal.<a href="#cite_note-SDGChildren20182-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> An inclusive society has "mechanisms to enable diversity and social justice, accommodate the special needs of vulnerable and disadvantaged groups, and facilitate democratic participation".<a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[6]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_16" title="Sustainable Development Goal 16">Sustainable Development Goal 16</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_16&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 16 has ten outcome targets: Reduce <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violence</a>; protect <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">children from abuse</a>, exploitation, <a href="/wiki/Trafficking_of_children" title="Trafficking of children">trafficking</a> and violence; promote the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a> and ensure equal access to <a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a>; combat <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illicit_financial_flows" title="Illicit financial flows">illicit financial and arms flows</a>, substantially reduce <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a>; develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions; ensure responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making; strengthen the participation in <a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">global governance</a>; provide universal <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal identity</a>; ensure public access to information and protect <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_rights" title="Fundamental rights">fundamental freedoms</a>. There are also two means of implementation targets<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_16_:22-69">[69]</a>: Strengthen national institutions to prevent violence and combat crime and <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>; promote and enforce <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">non-discriminatory</a> laws and policies.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_16_:172-70">[70]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal_17:_Partnerships_for_the_goals">Goal 17: Partnerships for the goals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Goal 17: Partnerships for the goals">edit</a>]</div> SDG 17 is to: "Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Increasing <a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">international cooperation</a> is seen as vital to achieving each of the 16 previous goals.<a href="#cite_note-Alan2-72">[72]</a> Developing multi-stakeholder partnerships to facilitate knowledge exchange, expertise, technology, and financial resources is recognized as critical to overall success of the SDGs. The goal includes improving north–south and <a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93South_cooperation" title="South–South cooperation">South–South</a> cooperation. <a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">Public-private partnerships</a> which involve civil societies are specifically mentioned.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_17" title="Sustainable Development Goal 17">Sustainable Development Goal 17</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goal_17&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> SDG 17 is a vision for improved and more equitable trade, as well as coordinated investment initiatives to promote <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> across borders. It is about strengthening and streamlining cooperation between nation-states, both developed and developing, using the SDGs as a shared framework and a shared vision for defining that collaborative way forward.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_17_Alan-75">[75]</a> It seeks to promote <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trade</a> and an equitable <a href="/wiki/Trading_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading system">trading system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_17_UNDP-76">[76]</a> The Goal has 17 targets to be achieved by 2030, broken down into five categories: <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capacity_building" title="Capacity building">capacity building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> and systemic issues. Progress towards targets will be measured by 25 indicators.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_17_Alan-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> All these targets are regarded as means of implementation targets.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_17_:22-78">[78]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_relations">Public relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Public relations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm/220px--Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="104" data-durationhint="75" data-mwtitle="Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="402" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="604" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="906" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="906" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="120" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="202" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="302" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm/Flash_Mop_at_Mirpur_14.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="302" /></video><figcaption>SDG materials are being painted in the form of graffiti to raise public awareness by independent volunteers in Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with UNDP, Bangladesh</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg/220px-Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg/330px-Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg/440px-Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Maher" title="Katherine Maher">Katherine Maher</a>, then-Executive Director of the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, talks about "The role of free knowledge in advancing the SDGs" in Stockholm, 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SDG-pyramid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/SDG-pyramid.jpg/220px-SDG-pyramid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/SDG-pyramid.jpg/330px-SDG-pyramid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/SDG-pyramid.jpg/440px-SDG-pyramid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3138" data-file-height="1111" /></a><figcaption>A proposal to visualize the 17 SDGs in a thematic pyramid</figcaption></figure> The 2030 Agenda did not create specific authority for communicating the SDGs; however, both international and local advocacy organizations have pursued significant non-state resources to communicate the SDGS.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> UN agencies which are part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Group">United Nations Development Group</a> decided to support an independent campaign to communicate the new SDGs to a wider audience. This campaign, Project Everyone, had the support of corporate institutions and other <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organizations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Everyone-2018-80">[80]</a> Using the text drafted by diplomats at the UN level, a team of communication specialists developed icons for every goal.<a href="#cite_note-Hub-2020-81">[81]</a> They also shortened the title The 17 Sustainable Development Goals to Global Goals, then ran workshops and conferences to communicate the Global Goals to a global audience.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_Convention" title="Aarhus Convention">Aarhus Convention</a> is a United Nations convention passed in 2001, explicitly to encourage and promote effective public engagement in environmental decision making. Information transparency related to social media and the engagement of youth are two issues related to the Sustainable Development Goals that the convention has addressed.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advocates">Advocates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Advocates">edit</a>]</div> In 2019 and then in 2021, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres appointed 17 SDG advocates.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The role of the public figures is to raise awareness, inspire greater ambition, and push for faster action on the SDGs. The co-chairs are: <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mia Mottley</a>, Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_events">Global events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Global events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png/220px-Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png/330px-Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png/440px-Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="1018" /></a><figcaption>Global Goals Week logo</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Global_Goals_Week" title="Global Goals Week">Global Goals Week</a> is an annual week-long event in September for action, awareness, and accountability for the Sustainable Development Goals.<a href="#cite_note-GGW-88">[88]</a> It is a shared commitment for over 100 partners to ensure quick action on the SDGs by sharing ideas and transformative solutions to global problems.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> It first took place in 2016. It is often held concurrently with <a href="/wiki/Climate_Week_NYC" title="Climate Week NYC">Climate Week NYC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IISD2019-90">[90]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Film_Festival" title="Arctic Film Festival">Arctic Film Festival</a> is an annual film festival organized by <a href="/wiki/HF_Productions" title="HF Productions">HF Productions</a> and supported by the SDGs' Partnership Platform. Held for the first time in 2019, the festival is expected to take place every year in September in <a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>, Norway.<a href="#cite_note-FilmFreeway-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg/220px-SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg/330px-SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg/440px-SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>The sustainable development goals are a UN initiative</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/A_RES_71_313_E.pdf/page1-220px-A_RES_71_313_E.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/A_RES_71_313_E.pdf/page1-330px-A_RES_71_313_E.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/A_RES_71_313_E.pdf/page1-440px-A_RES_71_313_E.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development containing the targets and indicators, July 2017 (UN resolution A/RES/71/313)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-2015_Development_Agenda" title="Post-2015 Development Agenda">Post-2015 Development Agenda</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_(29274119644).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_%2829274119644%29.jpg/220px-UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_%2829274119644%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_%2829274119644%29.jpg/330px-UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_%2829274119644%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_%2829274119644%29.jpg/440px-UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_%2829274119644%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>UN SDG consultations in Mariupol, Ukraine</figcaption></figure> The Post-2015 Development Agenda was a process from 2012 to 2015 led by the United Nations to define the future global development framework that would succeed the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a>. The SDGs were developed to succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which ended in 2015. In 1983, the United Nations created the <a href="/wiki/Brundtland_Commission" title="Brundtland Commission">World Commission on Environment and Development</a> (later known as the Brundtland Commission), which defined sustainable development as "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 1992, the first <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Environment_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Environment and Development">United Nations Conference on Environment and Development</a> (UNCED) or Earth Summit was held in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, where the first agenda for Environment and Development, also known as <a href="/wiki/Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21</a>, was developed and adopted. In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development">United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development</a> (UNCSD), also known as Rio+20, was held as a 20-year follow up to UNCED.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> proposed the idea of the SDGs at a preparation event for Rio+20 held in Indonesia in July 2011.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In September 2011, this idea was picked up by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Public_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Department of Public Information">United Nations Department of Public Information</a> 64th NGO Conference in Bonn, Germany. The outcome document proposed 17 sustainable development goals and associated targets. In the run-up to Rio+20 there was much discussion about the idea of the SDGs. At the Rio+20 Conference, a resolution known as "The Future We Want" was reached by member states.<a href="#cite_note-SustDev-2012-97">[97]</a> Among the key themes agreed on were poverty eradication, energy, water and sanitation, health, and human settlement. In January 2013, the 30-member UN General Assembly Open Working Group (OWG) on Sustainable Development Goals was established to identify specific goals for the SDGs. The OWG submitted their proposal of 8 SDGs and 169 targets to the 68th session of the General Assembly in September 2014.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On 5 December 2014, the UN General Assembly accepted the Secretary General's Synthesis Report, which stated that the agenda for the post-2015 SDG process would be based on the OWG proposals.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> (UNGA) created the SDGs as part of the <a href="/wiki/Post-2015_Development_Agenda" title="Post-2015 Development Agenda">Post-2015 Development Agenda</a>. This agenda sought to design a new global development framework, replacing the Millennium Development Goals, which were completed that same year.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> These goals were formally articulated and adopted in a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">UNGA resolution</a> known as the 2030 Agenda.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On 6 July 2017, the SDGs were made more actionable by a UNGA resolution that identifies <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sustainable_Development_Goal_targets_and_indicators" title="List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators">specific targets</a> for each goal and provides indicators to measure progress.<a href="#cite_note-UN-2017a-7">[7]</a> Most targets are to be achieved by 2030, although some have no end date.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Stats-2017-10">[10]</a> There are cross-cutting issues and synergies between the different goals; for example, for SDG 13 on climate action, the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a> sees robust synergies with SDGs 3 (health), 7 (clean energy), 11 (cities and communities), 12 (responsible consumption and production) and 14 (oceans).<a href="#cite_note-IPCC-2018-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Berg-2020-103">[103]</a>: 70  On the other hand, critics and observers have also identified <a href="/wiki/Trade-off" title="Trade-off">trade-offs</a> between the goals,<a href="#cite_note-Berg-2020-103">[103]</a>: 67 such as between ending hunger and promoting environmental sustainability.<a href="#cite_note-Machingura-2017-104">[104]</a>: 26  Furthermore, concerns have arisen over the high number of goals (compared to the eight Millennium Development Goals), leading to compounded trade-offs, a weak emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Sustainability#Environmental_sustainability" title="Sustainability">environmental sustainability</a>, and difficulties tracking qualitative indicators. The SDGs are monitored by the United Nations' <a href="/w/index.php?title=High-Level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (page does not exist)">High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> (HLPF), an annual forum held under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a>. However, the HLPF comes with its own set of problems due to a lack of political leadership and divergent <a href="/wiki/National_interest" title="National interest">national interests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BiermannCh8-105">[105]</a>: 206  To facilitate monitoring of progress on SDG implementation, the online SDG Tracker was launched in June 2018 to present all available data across all indicators.<a href="#cite_note-SDGtracker-106">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> had serious negative impacts on all 17 SDGs in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> A scientific assessment of the political impacts of the SDGs found in 2022 that the SDGs have only had limited transformative political impact thus far.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> At the very least, they have affected the way actors understand and communicate about sustainable development.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Adoption">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N1529189.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/N1529189.pdf/page1-220px-N1529189.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/N1529189.pdf/page1-330px-N1529189.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/N1529189.pdf/page1-440px-N1529189.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN Resolution A/RES/70/1), containing the goals (October 2015)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg/280px-Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg/420px-Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg/560px-Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>A diagram listing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals</figcaption></figure> On 25 September 2015, the 193 countries of the UN General Assembly adopted the 2030 Development Agenda titled "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development."<a href="#cite_note-UN_SustDev-2017-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> This agenda has 92 paragraphs. Paragraph 59 outlines the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the associated 169 targets and 232 indicators. The UN-led process involved its 193 <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Member States</a> and global <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a>. The resolution is a broad intergovernmental agreement that acts as the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The SDGs build on the principles agreed upon in Resolution A/RES/66/288, entitled "The Future We Want".<a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_Official_Document-110">[110]</a> This was a non-binding document released as a result of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development">Rio+20 Conference</a> held in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-United_Nations_Official_Document-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Implementation">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finanzierung_der_Ziele_f%C3%BCr_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Finanzierung_der_Ziele_f%C3%BCr_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg/250px-Finanzierung_der_Ziele_f%C3%BCr_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Finanzierung_der_Ziele_f%C3%BCr_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg/375px-Finanzierung_der_Ziele_f%C3%BCr_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Finanzierung_der_Ziele_f%C3%BCr_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg/500px-Finanzierung_der_Ziele_f%C3%BCr_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Cost comparison for UN Goals</figcaption></figure>Implementation of the SDGs started worldwide in 2016. This process can also be called Localizing the SDGs. In 2019 <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> (secretary-general of the United Nations) issued a global call for a Decade of Action to deliver the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> This decade will last from 2020 to 2030. The plan is that the secretary general of the UN will convene an annual platform for driving the Decade of Action.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN-2022-113">[113]</a> There are two main types of actors for implementation of the SDGs: state and non-state actors.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> State actors include national governments and sub-national authorities, whereas non-state actors are corporations and civil society.<a href="#cite_note-Llanos-2022-114">[114]</a>: 80  Civil society participation and empowerment is important but there are also diverse interests in this group.<a href="#cite_note-Llanos-2022-114">[114]</a>: 80  Building new partnerships is useful.<a href="#cite_note-Llanos-2022-114">[114]</a> However, the SDGs are not legally binding and purposefully designed to provide much leeway for actors. Therefore, they can interpret the goals differently and often according to their interests.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(Lima,_Peru)_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sustainable_Development_Goals_%28Lima%2C_Peru%29_1.jpg/240px-Sustainable_Development_Goals_%28Lima%2C_Peru%29_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sustainable_Development_Goals_%28Lima%2C_Peru%29_1.jpg/360px-Sustainable_Development_Goals_%28Lima%2C_Peru%29_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sustainable_Development_Goals_%28Lima%2C_Peru%29_1.jpg/480px-Sustainable_Development_Goals_%28Lima%2C_Peru%29_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption>Young people holding SDG banners in Lima, Peru</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-cutting_issues">Cross-cutting issues</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Cross-cutting issues">edit</a>]</div> The widespread consensus is that progress on all of the SDGs will be stalled if women's empowerment and gender equality are not prioritized, and treated holistically. The SDGs look to policy makers as well as private sector executives and board members to work toward gender equality.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-116">[116]</a> Statements from diverse sources such as the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development</a> (OECD), <a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Pensions_%26_Investments_Forum" title="World Pensions & Investments Forum">World Pensions Forum</a>, have noted that investments in women and girls have positive impacts on economies. National and global development investments in women and girls often exceed their initial scope.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Gender equality is mainstreamed throughout the SDG framework by ensuring that as much sex-disaggregated data as possible are collected.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-2019-118">[118]</a>: 11  <a href="/wiki/Education_for_sustainable_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Education for sustainable development">Education for sustainable development</a> (ESD) is explicitly recognized in the SDGs as part of Target 4.7 of the SDG on education. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> promotes the <a href="/wiki/Global_citizenship_education" title="Global citizenship education">Global Citizenship Education</a> (GCED) as a complementary approach.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Education for sustainable development is important for all the other 16 SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Culture is explicitly referenced in SDG 11 Target 4 ("Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage"). However, culture is seen as a cross-cutting theme because it impacts several SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-2019-118">[118]</a> For example, culture plays a role in SDG targets where they relate to environment and resilience (within SDGs 11, 12 and 16), prosperity and livelihoods (within SDG 8), inclusion and participation (within SDG 11 and 16).<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-2019-118">[118]</a>: 2  SDGs 1 to 6 directly address <a href="/wiki/Health_disparities" class="mw-redirect" title="Health disparities">health disparities</a>, primarily in developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-UN2015-121">[121]</a> These six goals address key issues in Global Public Health, Poverty, Hunger and Food security, Health, Education, Gender equality and women's empowerment, as well as water and sanitation.<a href="#cite_note-UN2015-121">[121]</a> Public health officials can use these goals to set their own agenda and plan for smaller scale initiatives for their organizations. The links between the various sustainable development goals and <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> are numerous and well established: <ul><li>SDG 1: Living below the poverty line is attributed to poorer health outcomes and can be even worse for persons living in developing countries where extreme poverty is more common.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> A child born into poverty is twice as likely to die before the age of five compared to a child from a wealthier family.<a href="#cite_note-UNhealth2015-123">[123]</a></li> <li>SDG 2: The detrimental effects of hunger and malnutrition that can arise from systemic challenges with food security are enormous. The World Health Organization estimates that 12.9 percent of the population in developing countries is undernourished.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li>SDG 4 and 5: Educational equity has yet to be reached in the world. Public health efforts are impeded by this, as a lack of education can lead to poorer health outcomes. This is shown by children of mothers who have no education having a lower survival rate compared to children born to mothers with primary or greater levels of education.<a href="#cite_note-UNhealth2015-123">[123]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synergies">Synergies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Synergies">edit</a>]</div> Synergies amongst the SDGs are "the good antagonists of trade-offs."<a href="#cite_note-Berg-2020-103">[103]</a>: 67 With regards to SDG 13 on climate action, the IPCC sees robust synergies particularly for the SDGs 3 (health), 7 (clean energy), 11 (cities and communities), 12 (responsible consumption and production) and 14 (oceans).<a href="#cite_note-IPCC-2018-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Berg-2020-103">[103]</a>: 70  To meet SDG 13 and other SDGs, sustained long-term investment in green innovation is required to: <a href="/wiki/Decarbonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Decarbonization">decarbonize</a> the physical capital stock – energy, industry, and transportation infrastructure – and ensure its resilience to a changing future climate; to preserve and enhance <a href="/wiki/Natural_capital" title="Natural capital">natural capital</a> – forests, oceans, and wetlands; and to train people to work in a climate-neutral economy.<a href="#cite_note-EIB-2020-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_organizations">International organizations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: International organizations">edit</a>]</div> Many <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organizations</a> have committed to the SDGs since 2015. Examples for international organizations include: <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">African Development Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">UN Economic and Social Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> However, international organizations often have "<a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking">cherry-picked</a>" goals, engaged in selective mainstreaming, or continued to adopt policies that are barriers to goal attainment.<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a> In the case of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, it has used the growing momentum of the SDGs to further its strategic objectives without being influenced by the SDGs in turn. The bank engaged with the SDGs selectively; efforts to integrate the goals into organizational practices remained limited; and their inclusion in country-level processes is primarily voluntary.<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a> In general, the SDGs might be a low priority for international organizations that have many other assignments that are often more binding, have more urgent deliverables, and have more repercussions in case of inaction. Furthermore, the SDGs, although presented as a holistic agenda, have many internal contradictions that must be addressed in implementation.<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a> The breadth of the SDGs, covering nearly all areas of <a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">global governance</a>, is at odds with international organizations that over time have become highly functionally differentiated and that operate through intra-organizational compromises.<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a> Most international organizations primarily see the SDGs as separate goals rather than an integrated agenda, leading to the cherry-picking of those goals that best fit their agenda.<a href="#cite_note-:32-129">[129]</a> Research has shown that since the implementation of the SDGs, fragmentation among international organizations has not decreased. Instead, the formation of silos has increased around the 17 SDG issue areas as well as around the economic, social and environmental dimensions of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>. Working in silos may hamper the exchange of novel ideas and knowledge amongst international organizations that is required to deal with the complex and globally interconnected problems that the SDGs aim to address. It might also limit options for joint standards, policies, and transformative norm development.<a href="#cite_note-:32-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Funding">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cost_estimates">Cost estimates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Cost estimates">edit</a>]</div> The United Nations estimates that for Africa, considering the continent's population growth, yearly funding of $1.3 trillion would be needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">The International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF) also estimates that $50 billion may be needed only to cover the expenses of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">climate adaptation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The IMF has also taken the initiative to achieve the SDGs by offering their support to developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Estimates for providing clean water and sanitation for the whole population of all continents have been as high as US$200 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Hutton-2017-134">[134]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> says that estimates need to be made country by country, and reevaluated frequently over time.<a href="#cite_note-Hutton-2017-134">[134]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a> estimated the annual costs to achieving the UN Goals at US$2.5 trillion per year.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Another estimate from 2018 (by the Basel Institute of Commons and Economics, that conducts the <a href="/wiki/World_Social_Capital_Monitor" title="World Social Capital Monitor">World Social Capital Monitor</a>) found that to reach all of the SDGs this would require between US$2.5 and $5.0 trillion per year.<a href="#cite_note-Dill-2018-136">[136]</a> A cost estimate from 2020 stated that: "In developing countries, the [financial] gap is estimated to be US$ 2.5 trillion per year pre-COVID-19 pandemic, which was projected to have risen to US$ 4.2 trillion in 2020 alone."<a href="#cite_note-:6-137">[137]</a> For example in Indonesia, the SDG financing gap (or costs to achieve the SDGs), was estimated in 2021 to be US$ 4.7 trillion. The same study explains that the SDGs are also an investable proposition. This means that the SDGs are also a <a href="/wiki/Business_opportunity" title="Business opportunity">business opportunity</a>. The financial value of this opportunity amounts to "US$ 12 trillion per annum in four sectors alone – food, cities, energy and materials and health and well-being – with developing countries accounting for more than half the value of SDG business opportunities".<a href="#cite_note-:6-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_of_finance">Sources of finance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sources of finance">edit</a>]</div> There have been several processes and agendas at the United Nations level for financing the SDGs, for example the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development in 2015 (the <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Action_Agenda" title="Addis Ababa Action Agenda">Addis Ababa Action Agenda</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> was the outcome of the 2015 Third International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) and the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> Strategy for Financing the 2030 Agenda in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In 2017 the UN launched the Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development (UN IATF on FfD) that invited a public dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Also, <a href="/wiki/Multilateral_development_banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Multilateral development banks">multilateral development banks</a> initiated the agenda From Billions to Trillions: Transforming Development Finance in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:6-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> The top-5 sources of financing for development were estimated in 2018 to be: Real new <a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">sovereign debt</a> OECD countries, <a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">military expenditures</a>, official increase sovereign debt OECD countries, <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">remittances</a> from expats to developing countries, <a href="/wiki/Official_development_assistance" title="Official development assistance">official development assistance</a> (ODA).<a href="#cite_note-Dill-2018-136">[136]</a> Private finance or market-making processes are another option for development finance, for example <a href="/wiki/Green_bond" title="Green bond">green bonds</a> and SDG bonds.<a href="#cite_note-:6-137">[137]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a> asserted in 2017 that "The key to financing and achieving the SDGs lies in mobilizing a greater share of the $200+ trillion in annual private capital investment flows toward development efforts, and philanthropy has a critical role to play in catalyzing this shift."<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Large-scale funders participating in a Rockefeller Foundation-hosted design thinking workshop concluded that "while there is a moral imperative to achieve the SDGs, failure is inevitable if there aren't drastic changes to how we go about financing large scale change."<a href="#cite_note-Burgess-2018-143">[143]</a> A meta-analysis published in 2022 found that there was scant evidence that governments have substantially reallocated funding to implement the SDGs, either for national implementation or for international cooperation. The SDGs do not seem to have changed public budgets and financial allocation mechanisms in any important way, except for some local governance contexts.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> National budgets cannot easily be reallocated.<a href="#cite_note-Llanos-2022-114">[114]</a>: 81  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SDG-driven_investment">SDG-driven investment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: SDG-driven investment">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Stewardship" title="Stewardship">Capital stewardship</a> is expected to play a crucial part in the progressive advancement of the SDG agenda to "shift the economic system towards sustainable investment by using the SDG framework across all <a href="/wiki/Asset_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Asset class">asset classes</a>."<a href="#cite_note-auto2-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Revue_Analyse_Financiere-144">[144]</a> The notion of SDG Driven Investment gained further ground amongst institutional investors in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In 2017, 2018 and early 2019, the <a href="/wiki/World_Pensions_%26_Investments_Forum" title="World Pensions & Investments Forum">World Pensions Council (WPC)</a> held a series of ESG-focused (Environmental, Social and Governance) discussions with pension board members (trustees) and senior investment executives from across <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> nations. Many pension investment executives and board members confirmed they were in the process of adopting or developing SDG-informed investment processes, with more ambitious investment governance requirements – notably when it comes to climate action, gender equality and social fairness.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-116">[116]</a> Some studies, however, warn of selective implementation of SDGs and political risks linked to private investments in the context of continued shortage of <a href="/wiki/Public_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Public funding">public funding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results_and_outcomes">Results and outcomes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Results and outcomes">edit</a>]</div> Most or all of the goals and targets are unlikely to be achieved by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-CEEW-2022-148">[148]</a>: 41  Of particular concern - which cut across many of the SDGs – are rising inequalities, ongoing climate change and increasing biodiversity loss.<a href="#cite_note-CEEW-2022-148">[148]</a>: 41  In addition, there is a <a href="/wiki/Trade-off" title="Trade-off">trade-off</a> between the planetary boundaries of Earth and the aspirations for wealth and well-being. This has been described as follows: "the world's social and natural biophysical systems cannot support the aspirations for universal human well-being embedded in the SDGs."<a href="#cite_note-CEEW-2022-148">[148]</a>: 41  An independent group of scientists appointed by the Secretary General, found that: "the world is far off track".<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> This report urges "urgent course correction" to help achieve the SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> This report blames the lingering drag of the COVID-19 pandemic, a rise in conflicts, and inflation for the lagging progress of the SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> Due to various economic and social issues, many countries are seeing a major decline in the progress made. In Asia for example, data shows a loss of progress on goals 2, 8,10,11, and 15.<a href="#cite_note-SEI-2020-150">[150]</a> Recommended approaches to still achieve the SDGs are: "Set priorities, focus on harnessing the environmental dimension of the SDGs, understand how the SDGs work as an indivisible system, and look for synergies."<a href="#cite_note-SEI-2020-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessing_the_political_impact_of_the_SDGs">Assessing the political impact of the SDGs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Assessing the political impact of the SDGs">edit</a>]</div> In 2022, a research project analyzed the political impacts of the SDGs as well as their "steering effects".<a href="#cite_note-BiermannCh8-105">[105]</a> The project was a "systematic meta-analysis of peer-reviewed academic literature".<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> It reviewed over 3,000 scientific articles, mainly from the <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social sciences</a>. These steering effects could be one of three types: "discursive", normative or institutional effects.<a href="#cite_note-:5-5">[5]</a> The presence of all three types of effects throughout a political system was defined as transformative impact, which is the eventual goal of the 2030 Agenda.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> Discursive effects relate to changes in global and national debates that make them more aligned with the SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> Normative effects would be adjustments in legislative and regulatory frameworks and policies in line with, and because of, the SDGs. Institutional effects would be the creation of new departments, committees, offices or programs linked to the achievement of the SDGs or the realignment of existing institutions.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> The review found that the SDGs have had only limited transformative political impact thus far.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> In fact, their effects have been mainly "discursive" only.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> For example, the broad uptake of the principle of leaving no one behind in pronouncements by policymakers and civil society activists is a discursive effect. The SDGs have also led to some isolated normative and institutional reforms.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> However, there is widespread doubt that the SDGs can steer societies towards more ecological integrity at the planetary scale.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> This is because countries generally prioritize the more socioeconomic SDGs (e.g. SDGs 8 to 12) over the environmentally oriented ones (e.g. SDGs 13 to 15), which is in alignment with their long-standing national development policies.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impacts_of_COVID-19_pandemic">Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> has had a profound impact on the mental and physical wellbeing of communities around the world.<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> The pandemic slowed progress towards achieving the SDGs. It has "exacerbated existing fault lines of inequality".<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> The brunt of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were felt by poorer segments of the population.<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 had impacts on all 17 goals. It has become "the worst human and economic crisis in a lifetime."<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a>: 2  The pandemic threatened progress made in particular for SDG 3 (health), SDG 4 (education), SDG 6 (water and sanitation for all), SDG 10 (reduce inequality) and SDG 17 (partnerships).<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> At the UN <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> in July 2023, speakers remarked that the pandemic, and multiple worldwide crises such as climate change, threatened decades of progress on the SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uneven_priorities_of_goals">Uneven priorities of goals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Uneven priorities of goals">edit</a>]</div> There is a risk of countries favoring (or <a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking">cherry-picking</a>) certain goals, thereby creating trade-offs and threatening <a href="/wiki/Policy_coherence_for_development" title="Policy coherence for development">policy coherence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-152">[152]</a> As a result, some goals are "left behind". These goals are hardly prioritized and rarely integrated with others. For example, the uptake of ocean and land issues into the SDGs was expected to lead to more attention and better integration of these issues with other global concerns. And yet, broader planetary concerns such as those under <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">SDG 14</a> (on oceans) and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_15" title="Sustainable Development Goal 15">SDG 15</a> (on land) are still side-lined in global policies, including within the United Nations system. Global and domestic inequality only barely made it into the final set of SDGs as <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_10" title="Sustainable Development Goal 10">SDG 10</a>, and this goal is still poorly supported and often marginalized.<a href="#cite_note-:4-153">[153]</a> In 2020, researchers conducted a content analysis of the Voluntary National Reviews of 19 countries of varying income levels to find out which SDGs receive more attention than the others in national policies. They found that SDGs 1 and 8 (on poverty eradication and economic growth) are by far most widely prioritized.<a href="#cite_note-:8-152">[152]</a> Some commentators argue that insufficient capacity of many countries to fully implement all SDGs makes prioritization inevitable or even necessary.<a href="#cite_note-:8-152">[152]</a> The practice of prioritizing certain SDGs by national governments is real and happening. Which SDGs are prioritized depends at least in part on the level of economic development of respective countries. The goals that are prioritized often correspond with what their existing priorities were before the SDGs came about. This implies the SDGs themselves do not directly steer national policies but rather the goals are used to legitimize existing priorities of national governments.<a href="#cite_note-:8-152">[152]</a> In 2019 five progress reports on the 17 SDGs were published. Three came from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a> (UNDESA),<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> one from the <a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertelsmann Foundation">Bertelsmann Foundation</a> and one from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> A review of the five reports analyzed which of the 17 Goals were addressed in priority and which ones were left behind.<a href="#cite_note-BICE-2020-158">[158]</a> In explanation of the findings, the Basel Institute of Commons and Economics said <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a>, Peace and Social Inclusion were "left behind" by quoting the official SDGs motto "Leaving no one behind."<a href="#cite_note-BICE-2020-158">[158]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>SDG preferences in the World's five major SDG reports in 2019<a href="#cite_note-BICE-2020-158">[158]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>SDG Topic   </th> <th>Rank    </th> <th>Average Rank </th> <th>Mentions </th></tr> <tr> <td>Health </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>1814 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Energy Climate Water </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td>1328 1328 1784 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Education </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td>1351 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poverty </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6.2 </td> <td>1095 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Food </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7.6 </td> <td>693 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Economic Growth </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8.6 </td> <td>387 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Technology </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8.8 </td> <td>855 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inequality </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td>296 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gender Equality </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td>338 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hunger </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10.6 </td> <td>670 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Justice </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10.8 </td> <td>328 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Governance </td> <td>12 </td> <td>11.6 </td> <td>232 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Decent Work </td> <td>13 </td> <td>12.2 </td> <td>277 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peace </td> <td>14 </td> <td>12.4 </td> <td>282 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clean Energy </td> <td>15 </td> <td>12.6 </td> <td>272 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Life on Land </td> <td>16 </td> <td>14.4 </td> <td>250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Life below Water </td> <td>17 </td> <td>15.0 </td> <td>248 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Social Inclusion </td> <td>18 </td> <td>16.4 </td> <td>22 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monitoring_progress">Monitoring progress</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Monitoring progress">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg/440px-Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg/660px-Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg/880px-Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Countries that are closest to meeting the SDGs (in dark blue) and those with the greatest remaining challenges (in the lightest shade of blue) in 2018<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tools_and_websites">Tools and websites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Tools and websites">edit</a>]</div> The online publication SDG-Tracker was launched in June 2018 and presents data across all available indicators.<a href="#cite_note-SDGtracker-106">[106]</a> It relies on the <a href="/wiki/Our_World_In_Data" class="mw-redirect" title="Our World In Data">Our World in Data</a> database and is also based at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ritchie-2020-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> The publication has global coverage and tracks whether the world is making progress towards the SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> It aims to make the data on the 17 goals available and understandable to a wide audience.<a href="#cite_note-auto-163">[163]</a> The SDG-Tracker highlights that the world is currently (early 2019) very far away from achieving the goals. The Global SDG Index and Dashboards Report is the first publication to track countries' performance on all 17 Sustainable Development Goals.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The annual publication, co-produced by <a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann_Stiftung" title="Bertelsmann Stiftung">Bertelsmann Stiftung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Solutions_Network" title="Sustainable Development Solutions Network">SDSN</a>, includes a ranking and dashboards that show key challenges for each country in terms of implementing the SDGs. The publication also shows an analysis of government efforts to implement the SDGs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UN_High-Level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development_(HLPF)">UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: UN High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a></div>This subdivision should be a "regular meeting place for governments and non-state representatives to assess global progress towards sustainable development."<a href="#cite_note-BiermannCh8-105">[105]</a>: 206  The meetings take place under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations economic and Social Council</a>. In July 2020 the meeting took place online for the first time due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The theme was "Accelerated action and transformative pathways: realizing the decade of action and delivery for sustainable development" and a ministerial declaration was adopted.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> High-level progress reports for all the SDGs are published in the form of reports by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">United Nations Secretary General</a>. The most recent one is from April 2020.<a href="#cite_note-UNESC2020-28">[28]</a> However, the HLPF has a range of problems.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> It has not been able to promote system-wide coherence. The reasons for this include its broad and unclear mandate combined with a lack of resources and divergent national interests.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> Therefore, this reporting system is mainly just a platform for voluntary reporting and <a href="/wiki/Peer_learning" title="Peer learning">peer learning</a> among governments.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> (HLPF) replaced the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-BiermannCh8-105">[105]</a>: 206  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Challenges">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Too_many_goals_and_overall_problems">Too many goals and overall problems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Too many goals and overall problems">edit</a>]</div> Scholars have pointed out flaws in the design of the SDGs for the following aspects: "the number of goals, the structure of the goal framework (for example, the non-hierarchical structure), the coherence between the goals, the specificity or measurability of the targets, the language used in the text, and their reliance on <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> economic development-oriented sustainable development as their core orientation."<a href="#cite_note-Kotzé-2022-165">[165]</a>: 161  The SDGs may simply maintain the status quo and fall short of delivering an ambitious development agenda. The current status quo has been described as "separating human wellbeing and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_sustainability" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental sustainability">environmental sustainability</a>, failing to change governance and to pay attention to trade-offs, root causes of poverty and environmental degradation, and social justice issues."<a href="#cite_note-Schleicher-2018-166">[166]</a> A commentary in <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> in 2015 argued that 169 targets for the SDGs is too many, describing them as sprawling, misconceived and a mess compared to the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).<a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-2017-167">[167]</a> The SDGs are internally incoherent, with some inherently conflictive targets, and many interdependencies between the targets are context-specific.<a href="#cite_note-:32-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weak_on_environmental_sustainability">Weak on environmental sustainability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Weak on environmental sustainability">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SDG_wedding_cake.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/SDG_wedding_cake.svg/280px-SDG_wedding_cake.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/SDG_wedding_cake.svg/420px-SDG_wedding_cake.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/SDG_wedding_cake.svg/560px-SDG_wedding_cake.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2347" /></a><figcaption>SDG wedding cake model: A way of viewing the economic, social and ecological aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).<a href="#cite_note-Resilience-2016-168">[168]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></div> Scholars have criticized that the SDGs "fail to recognize that planetary, people and prosperity concerns are all part of one earth system, and that the protection of <a href="/wiki/Planetary_integrity" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary integrity">planetary integrity</a> should not be a means to an end, but an end in itself."<a href="#cite_note-Kotzé-2022-165">[165]</a>: 147  The SDGs "remain fixated on the idea that economic growth is foundational to achieve all pillars of sustainable development."<a href="#cite_note-Kotzé-2022-165">[165]</a>: 147  They do not prioritize <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kotzé-2022-165">[165]</a>: 144  The SDGs include three environment-focused SDGs, which are Goal 13, 14 and 15 (climate, land and oceans), but there is no overarching environmental or planetary goal.<a href="#cite_note-Kotzé-2022-165">[165]</a>: 144  The SDGs do not pursue planetary integrity as such.<a href="#cite_note-Kotzé-2022-165">[165]</a>: 144 Other SDGs, which as Goal 7, 12 and 13 ignore the planetary limits and encourage consumption <a href="#cite_note-:1-169">[169]</a> Environmental constraints and <a href="/wiki/Planetary_boundaries" title="Planetary boundaries">planetary boundaries</a> are underrepresented within the SDGs. For instance, the way the current SDGs are structured leads to a negative correlation between environmental sustainability and SDGs, with most indicators within even the sustainability-focused goals focusing on social or economic outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> This helps further the denial that there are absolute limits to economic growth.<a href="#cite_note-:1-169">[169]</a> They could unintentionally promote <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental destruction</a> in the name of sustainable development.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Certain studies also argue that the focus of the SDGs on <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> sustainable development is detrimental to planetary integrity and justice.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> Both of these ambitions (planetary integrity and justice) would require limits to economic growth.<a href="#cite_note-Kotzé-2022-165">[165]</a>: 145 This helps further the denial that there are absolute limits to economic growth. These studies question whether economic growth and ecological sustainability go hand in hand. Scientists have proposed several ways to address the weaknesses regarding environmental sustainability in the SDGs: <ul><li>The monitoring of essential variables to better capture the essence of coupled environmental and social systems that underpin sustainable development, helping to guide coordination and systems transformation.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li>More attention to the context of the biophysical systems in different places (e.g., coastal <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river deltas</a>, mountain areas)<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li> <li>Better understanding of feedbacks across scales in space (e.g., through <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a>) and time (e.g., affecting future generations) that could ultimately determine the success or failure of the SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li>Reframing the message of the SDGs to help advocate to limits to growth rather than the empirically unfounded idea that economic growth can continue in a limited world.<a href="#cite_note-:1-169">[169]</a></li> <li>Reformulating specific goals that emphasis reduced consumption instead of the business as usual model.<a href="#cite_note-:1-169">[169]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethical_aspects">Ethical aspects</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Ethical aspects">edit</a>]</div> There are concerns about the ethical orientation of the SDGs: they remain "underpinned by strong (Western) modernist notions of development: sovereignty of humans over their environment (anthropocentricism), <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a>, competition, freedom (rights rather than duties), self-interest, belief in the market leading to collective welfare, <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a> (protected by legal systems), rewards based on merit, <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialism</a>, quantification of value, and instrumentalization of labor."<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a>:453 The SDGs have been criticized for furthering a neoliberal agenda that extends to promote neoliberal and business interests.<a href="#cite_note-:2-178">[178]</a> Furthermore, the framework represents a universal template grounded in Western ideology. This framework is then used to reproduce a flawed Western paradigm.<a href="#cite_note-:2-178">[178]</a> Some scientists worry that the SDGs could be used against legitimate protests about development initiatives.<a href="#cite_note-:2-178">[178]</a> Some studies warn that the SDGs could be used to camouflage business-as-usual by disguising it using SDG-related sustainability rhetoric.<a href="#cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">[3]</a> A meta-analysis review study in 2022 found that: "There is even emerging evidence that the SDGs might have even adverse effects, by providing a "smokescreen of hectic political activity" that blurs a reality of stagnation, dead ends and business-as-usual."<a href="#cite_note-BiermannCh8-105">[105]</a>: 220  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Difficulties_with_tracking_qualitative_indicators">Difficulties with tracking qualitative indicators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Difficulties with tracking qualitative indicators">edit</a>]</div> Regarding the targets of the SDGs, there is generally weak evidence linking the means of implementation to outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-Bartram-2018-9">[9]</a> The targets about means of implementation (those denoted with a letter, for example, Target 6.a) are imperfectly conceptualized and inconsistently formulated, and tracking their largely qualitative indicators will be difficult.<a href="#cite_note-Bartram-2018-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade-offs_and_priorities">Trade-offs and priorities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Trade-offs and priorities">edit</a>]</div> The trade-offs among the 17 SDGs might prevent their realization.<a href="#cite_note-Berg-2020-103">[103]</a>: 66  For example, these are three difficult trade-offs to consider: "How can ending hunger be reconciled with environmental sustainability? (SDG targets 2.3 and 15.2) How can economic growth be reconciled with environmental sustainability? (SDG targets 9.2 and 9.4) How can income inequality be reconciled with economic growth? (SDG targets 10.1 and 8.1)."<a href="#cite_note-Machingura-2017-104">[104]</a> The SDGs do not specifically address the tensions between economic growth and environmental sustainability. Instead, they emphasize "longstanding but dubious claims about decoupling and resource efficiency as technological solutions to the environmental crisis."<a href="#cite_note-Kotzé-2022-165">[165]</a>: 145  For example, continued global economic growth of 3 percent (SDG 8) may not be reconcilable with ecological sustainability goals, because the required rate of absolute global <a href="/wiki/Eco-economic_decoupling" title="Eco-economic decoupling">eco-economic decoupling</a> is far higher than any country has achieved in the past.<a href="#cite_note-Hickel-2019-179">[179]</a> Without attention to potential negative trade-offs between goals, selective implementation may undermine rather than support the implementation of the SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-:12-4">[4]</a> To ensure that some SDGs do not fall behind, new efforts at prioritization are needed. While a "hard" prioritization of one goal over another (e.g., if there is a trade-off between SDG x and SDG y, SDG x must always be chosen) is politically unlikely, guidelines for "soft prioritization" may be created. For example, determining minimum progress thresholds for each SDG target could be a useful approach: should progress under one target fall under this assigned threshold, the target would immediately get priority, and specific policies would be triggered to increase target achievement.<a href="#cite_note-:4-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_progress">Examples of progress</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Examples of progress">edit</a>]</div> A study in 2024 predicted SDG scores of regions until 2030 using <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine learning model">machine learning models</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-180">[180]</a> The forecast results for 2030 show that "OECD countries" (80) (with a 2.8% change) and "Eastern Europe and Central Asia" (74) (with a 2.37% change) are expected to achieve the highest SDG scores. "Latin America and the Caribbean" (73) (with a 4.17% change), "East and South Asia" (69) (with a 2.64% change), "Middle East and North Africa" (68) (with a 2.32% change), and "Sub-Saharan Africa" (56) (with a 7.2% change) will display lower levels of SDG achievement, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-:3-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia_and_Pacific">Asia and Pacific</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Asia and Pacific">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Australia" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Australia">Sustainable Development Goals and Australia</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Australia&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_SDG_artwork_-_Jordana_Angus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Australia_SDG_artwork_-_Jordana_Angus.png/330px-Australia_SDG_artwork_-_Jordana_Angus.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Australia_SDG_artwork_-_Jordana_Angus.png/495px-Australia_SDG_artwork_-_Jordana_Angus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Australia_SDG_artwork_-_Jordana_Angus.png/660px-Australia_SDG_artwork_-_Jordana_Angus.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>17 individual, yet interconnected, art strips symbolising each of the 17 interconnected Sustainable Development Goals in the shape of the Australian continent</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a> was one of the 193 countries that adopted the 2030 Agenda in September 2015. Implementation of the agenda is led by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)">Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)</a> and the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C) with different federal government agencies responsible for each of the goals.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In November 2020, the Transforming Australia: SDG Progress Report stated that while Australia was performing well in health <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_3" title="Sustainable Development Goal 3">(SDG 3</a>) and education (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">SDG 4</a>) it was falling behind in the reduction of CO2 emissions (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_13" title="Sustainable Development Goal 13">SDG 13</a>), waste and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental degradation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_12" title="Sustainable Development Goal 12">SDG 12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">SDG 14</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_15" title="Sustainable Development Goal 15">SDG 15</a>), and addressing economic inequality <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_10" title="Sustainable Development Goal 10">(SDG 10</a>).<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: China">edit</a>]</div> UN Secretary General Guterres has praised China's <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> for its capacity to advance the sustainable development goals.<a href="#cite_note-:02-183">[183]</a>: 164  Institutional connections between the BRI and multiple UN bodies have also been established.<a href="#cite_note-:02-183">[183]</a>: 164  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Ghana" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Ghana">Sustainable Development Goals and Ghana</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP) has collected information to show how awareness about the SDGs among government officers, civil society and others has been created in many African countries.<a href="#cite_note-UNDP-2020a-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Nigeria">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Nigeria" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Nigeria">Sustainable Development Goals and Nigeria</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Nigeria&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Nigeria is one of the countries that presented its Voluntary National Review (VNR) in 2017 and 2020 on the implementation of the SDGs at the <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> (HLPF).<a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Nigeria_:0-185">[185]</a> In 2020, Nigeria ranked 160 on the 2020 world's SDG Index.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The government affirmed that Nigeria's current development priorities and objectives are focused on achieving the SDGs.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe_and_Middle_East">Europe and Middle East</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Europe and Middle East">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Iran" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Iran">Sustainable Development Goals and Iran</a></div> Baltic nations, via the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a>, have created the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_21" title="Baltic 21">Baltic 2030 Action Plan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cbss.org-2030-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Lebanon">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Lebanon" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Lebanon">Sustainable Development Goals and Lebanon</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Lebanon&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> Lebanon adopted the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. It presented its first Voluntary National Review VNR in 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High Level Political Forum</a> in New York. A national committee chaired by the Lebanese Prime Minister is leading the work on the SDGs in the country.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In 2019, Lebanon's overall performance in the SDG Index ranked 6th out of 21 countries in the Arab region.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Syria">Syria</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Syria">edit</a>]</div> Higher education in Syria began with sustainable development steps through Damascus University.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> The UK's approach to delivering the Global SDGs is outlined in Agenda 2030: Delivering the Global Goals, developed by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_International_Development" title="Department for International Development">Department for International Development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> In 2019, the Bond network analyzed the UK's global progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> The Bond report highlights crucial gaps where attention and investment are most needed. The report was compiled by 49 organizations and 14 networks and working groups. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdgs.un.org/goals">"The 17 Goals"</a>. Sustainable Development Goals. UN. Retrieved 10 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sustainable+Development+Goals&rft.atitle=The+17+Goals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsdgs.un.org%2Fgoals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN-2017b-2"><a href="#cite_ref-UN-2017b_2-0">^</a> United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, <a href="/wiki/File:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf" title="File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf">Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">A/RES/71/313</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128194012/https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">Archived</a> 28 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Biermann-2022-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biermann-2022_3-21">v</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiermannHickmannSénitBeisheim2022" class="citation journal cs1">Biermann, Frank; Hickmann, Thomas; Sénit, Carole-Anne; Beisheim, Marianne; Bernstein, Steven; Chasek, Pamela; Grob, Leonie; Kim, Rakhyun E.; Kotzé, Louis J.; Nilsson, Måns; Ordóñez Llanos, Andrea; Okereke, Chukwumerije; Pradhan, Prajal; Raven, Rob; Sun, Yixian (20 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41893-022-00909-5">"Scientific evidence on the political impact of the Sustainable Development Goals"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations%2C+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Statistics+Division&rft.atitle=IAEG-SDGs+2020+Comprehensive+Review+Proposals+Submitted+to+the+51st+session+of+the+United+Nations+Statistical+Commission+for+its+consideration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Fsdgs%2Fiaeg-sdgs%2F2020-comprev%2FUNSC-proposal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/List_of_changes_since_15_Oct_2018.pdf">"SDG Indicator changes (15 October 2018 and onward) – current to 17 April 2020"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 13 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+2%3A+Zero+hunger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-2-zero-hunger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_2_:172-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_2_:172_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_2_:172_20-1">b</a> United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, <a href="/wiki/File:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf" title="File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf">Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">A/RES/71/313</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_2_:22-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_2_:22_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartramBrocklehurstBradleyMuller2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0">"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation"</a>. npj Clean Water. 1 (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018npjCW...1....3B">2018npjCW...1....3B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0">10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:169226066">169226066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=npj+Clean+Water&rft.atitle=Policy+review+of+the+means+of+implementation+targets+and+indicators+for+the+sustainable+development+goal+for+water+and+sanitation&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A169226066%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018npjCW...1....3B&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Brocklehurst%2C+Clarissa&rft.au=Bradley%2C+David&rft.au=Muller%2C+Mike&rft.au=Evans%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fs41545-018-0003-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news9live.com/knowledge/explained-what-is-zero-hunger-which-is-a-sustainable-development-goal-2223800">"Explained: What is zero-hunger which is a Sustainable Development Goal?"</a>. 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UNDP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063900/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-3-good-health-and-well-being.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+3%3A+Good+health+and+well-being&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-3-good-health-and-well-being.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_3_:1-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_3_:1_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-3-good-health-and-well-being.html">"Goal 3: Good health and well-being"</a>. UNDP. Retrieved 26 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+3%3A+Good+health+and+well-being&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-3-good-health-and-well-being.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNDP-2018d-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNDP-2018d_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNDP-2018d_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNDP-2018d_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-4-quality-education.html">"Goal 4: Quality education"</a>. UNDP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002735/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-4-quality-education.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2018. 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Retrieved 13 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+5%3A+Gender+equality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-5-gender-equality.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESC2020-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC2020_28-13">n</a> United Nations Economic and Social Council (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/en/E/2020/57">Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Report of the Secretary-General</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063859/https://undocs.org/en/E/2020/57">Archived</a> 30 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, High-level political forum on sustainable development, convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council (E/2020/57), 28 April 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicef.org/protection/female-genital-mutilation">"Female genital mutilation"</a>. www.unicef.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063938/https://www.unicef.org/protection/female-genital-mutilation">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unicef.org&rft.atitle=Female+genital+mutilation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicef.org%2Fprotection%2Ffemale-genital-mutilation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_5_:1-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_5_:1_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/959869696">Sustainable development goals report 2016</a>. New York: United Nations. 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-1-101340-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-1-101340-5"><bdi>978-92-1-101340-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/959869696">959869696</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128205819/https://www.worldcat.org/title/sustainable-development-goals-report-2016/oclc/959869696">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sustainable+development+goals+report+2016.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F959869696&rft.isbn=978-92-1-101340-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F959869696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDG6_targets-31"><a href="#cite_ref-SDG6_targets_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation/targets/">"Goal 6 Targets"</a>. United Nations Development Programme. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219061511/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation/targets/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.atitle=Goal+6+Targets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation%2Ftargets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JMP2017-32"><a href="#cite_ref-JMP2017_32-0">^</a> WHO and UNICEF (2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washdata.org/reports">Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725020452/https://washdata.org/reports">Archived</a> 25 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_6_SDG6-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_6_SDG6_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation.html">"Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation"</a>. UNDP. Retrieved 28 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+6%3A+Clean+water+and+sanitation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_6_:17-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_6_:17_34-0">^</a> United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, <a href="/wiki/File:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf" title="File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf">Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">A/RES/71/313</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-UNDP-2018b-35"><a href="#cite_ref-UNDP-2018b_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-7-affordable-and-clean-energy.html">"Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy"</a>. UNDP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180907180441/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-7-affordable-and-clean-energy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+7%3A+Affordable+and+clean+energy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-7-affordable-and-clean-energy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Energyreport2019-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Energyreport2019_36-0">^</a> IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WB, WHO (2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/2019-Tracking%20SDG7-Full%20Report.pdf">Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2019</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063844/https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/2019-Tracking%20SDG7-Full%20Report.pdf">Archived</a> 30 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Washington DC (on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/">Tracking SDG 7 website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230064018/https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/">Archived</a> 30 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_7_SDG_Tracker-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_7_SDG_Tracker_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_7_SDG_Tracker_37-1">b</a> Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina (2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdg-tracker.org/energy">"Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." (SDG 7)</a> SDG-Tracker.org, website <a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/75px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/100px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_7_:22-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_7_:22_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartramBrocklehurstBradleyMuller2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0">"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation"</a>. npj Clean Water. 1 (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0">10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:169226066">169226066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=npj+Clean+Water&rft.atitle=Policy+review+of+the+means+of+implementation+targets+and+indicators+for+the+sustainable+development+goal+for+water+and+sanitation&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A169226066%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Brocklehurst%2C+Clarissa&rft.au=Bradley%2C+David&rft.au=Muller%2C+Mike&rft.au=Evans%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fs41545-018-0003-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNDP-2018a-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNDP-2018a_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNDP-2018a_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-8-decent-work-and-economic-growth.html">"Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth"</a>. UNDP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225022602/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-8-decent-work-and-economic-growth.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+8%3A+Decent+work+and+economic+growth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-8-decent-work-and-economic-growth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_8_:22-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_8_:22_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartramBrocklehurstBradleyMuller2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0">"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation"</a>. npj Clean Water. 1 (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0">10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:169226066">169226066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=npj+Clean+Water&rft.atitle=Policy+review+of+the+means+of+implementation+targets+and+indicators+for+the+sustainable+development+goal+for+water+and+sanitation&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A169226066%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Brocklehurst%2C+Clarissa&rft.au=Bradley%2C+David&rft.au=Muller%2C+Mike&rft.au=Evans%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fs41545-018-0003-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-9-industry-innovation-and-infrastructure.html">"Goal 9: Industry, innovation, infrastructure"</a>. UNDP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301060431/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-9-industry-innovation-and-infrastructure.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNDP&rft.atitle=Goal+9%3A+Industry%2C+innovation%2C+infrastructure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fundp%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Fgoal-9-industry-innovation-and-infrastructure.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sustainable_Development_Goal_9_:22-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_Development_Goal_9_:22_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartramBrocklehurstBradleyMuller2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bartram, Jamie; Brocklehurst, Clarissa; Bradley, David; Muller, Mike; Evans, Barbara (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0">"Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation"</a>. npj Clean Water. 1 (1): 3. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018npjCW...1....3B">2018npjCW...1....3B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0">10.1038/s41545-018-0003-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:169226066">169226066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=npj+Clean+Water&rft.atitle=Policy+review+of+the+means+of+implementation+targets+and+indicators+for+the+sustainable+development+goal+for+water+and+sanitation&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A169226066%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41545-018-0003-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018npjCW...1....3B&rft.aulast=Bartram&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Brocklehurst%2C+Clarissa&rft.au=Bradley%2C+David&rft.au=Muller%2C+Mike&rft.au=Evans%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fs41545-018-0003-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities.html">"Goal 10: Reduced inequalities"</a>. 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Open issue, part II. 26–27: 26–31. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017COES...26...26B">2017COES...26...26B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cosust.2017.01.010">10.1016/j.cosust.2017.01.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1874%2F358246">1874/358246</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1877-3435">1877-3435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Environmental+Sustainability&rft.atitle=Global+governance+by+goal-setting%3A+the+novel+approach+of+the+UN+Sustainable+Development+Goals&rft.volume=26%E2%80%9327&rft.pages=26-31&rft.date=2017-06-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1874%2F358246&rft.issn=1877-3435&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cosust.2017.01.010&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017COES...26...26B&rft.aulast=Biermann&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Kanie%2C+Norichika&rft.au=Kim%2C+Rakhyun+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1877343517300209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> United Nations (2015) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015, <a href="/wiki/File:N1529189.pdf" title="File:N1529189.pdf">Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/">A/RES/70/1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128002202/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/">Archived</a> 28 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-IPCC-2018-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IPCC-2018_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPCC-2018_102-1">b</a> IPCC, 2018: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf">Global Warming of 1.5°C.An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty</a> [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. 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Retrieved 30 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bond&rft.atitle=The+UK%27s+global+contribution+to+the+Sustainable+Development+Goals+%E2%80%93+Progress%2C+gaps+and+recommendations&rft.date=2019-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bond.org.uk%2Fresources%2Fthe-uks-global-contribution-to-the-sustainable-development-goals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASustainable+Development+Goals" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">WFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat offices and departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">Department of Peace Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Political_and_Peacebuilding_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs">Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Division_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights">Division for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Office at Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Office at Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Office at Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Partnerships" title="United Nations Office for Partnerships">Office for Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Internal_Oversight_Services" title="United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services">Office of Internal Oversight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" title="United Nations Office of Legal Affairs">Office of Legal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Representative_for_the_Least_Developed_Countries,_Landlocked_Developing_Countries_and_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States">Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Envoy_on_Youth" title="Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth">Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Representative_of_the_Secretary-General_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" title="Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Spokesperson_for_the_Secretary-General" title="Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General">Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace">Office on Sport for Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_organizations_by_location" title="List of United Nations organizations by location">UN organizations by location</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Members and observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations#1940s" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Founding members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Current_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Full members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Security Council Permanent members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">Permanent representatives to the UN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_permanent_representatives_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">General Assembly Observers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telegraph Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International Office of Public Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="List of United Nations peacekeeping missions">missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_governed_by_the_United_Nations" title="List of territories governed by the United Nations">governed territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">UNPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">World Heritage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">Resolutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">Security Council vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iraq" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Yemen" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>International Court of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2023 International Court of Justice judges election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2022 International Court of Justice judges election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2021 International Court of Justice judges election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2020 International Court of Justice judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2017 International Court of Justice judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2014 International Court of Justice judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2011 International Court of Justice judges election">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_General_Assembly_presidential_election" title="2016 United Nations General Assembly presidential election">General Assembly President (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2016 United Nations Security Council election">Security Council (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Nations" title="Outline of the United Nations">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advisory_Committee_of_Local_Authorities" title="United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities">Advisory Committee of Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Art Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">Security Council mural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_by_Block_(program)" title="Block by Block (program)">Block By Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_of_International_Staff_Unions_and_Associations_of_the_United_Nations_System" title="Coordinating Committee of International Staff Unions and Associations of the United Nations System">CCISUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_Nations" title="Criticism of the United Nations">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivering_as_One" title="Delivering as One">Delivering as One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Drug control treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations" title="Expulsion from the United Nations">Expulsion from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_Tempore_(magazine)" title="Ex Tempore (magazine)">Ex Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Federal_Credit_Union" title="United Nations Federal Credit Union">Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Civil_Servants%27_Associations" title="Federation of International Civil Servants' Associations">FICSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Honour_Flag" title="United Nations Honour Flag">Honour Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Nations_Initiative" title="Four Nations Initiative">Four Nations Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">Global Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Decade_for_a_Culture_of_Peace_and_Non-Violence_for_the_Children_of_the_World" title="International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World">International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">International School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School_of_Hanoi" title="United Nations International School of Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interpretation_Service" title="United Nations Interpretation Service">Interpretation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer" title="United Nations laissez-passer">laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">Memorial Cemetery Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Staff_Committee" title="Military Staff Committee">Military Staff Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">Millennium Declaration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Summit" title="Millennium Summit">Millennium Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" title="Official languages of the United Nations">Official languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Postal_Administration" title="United Nations Postal Administration">Postal Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations" title="Reform of the United Nations">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Administration_of_Juvenile_Justice" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice">Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_series#United_Nations" title="Treaty series">Treaty Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Mandate" title="UN Mandate">UN Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Sacco_Ltd" title="UN Sacco Ltd">UN Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Special" title="UN Special">UN Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF_club" title="UNICEF club">UNICEF club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day">United Nations Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_in_popular_culture" title="United Nations in popular culture">United Nations in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">United Nations Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_television_film_series" title="United Nations television film series">United Nations television film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" title="Withdrawal from the United Nations">Withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_United_Nations_Associations" title="World Federation of United Nations Associations">World Federation of United Nations 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4">(4) Quality Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_5" title="Sustainable Development Goal 5">(5) Gender Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_6" title="Sustainable Development Goal 6">(6) Clean Water and Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_7" title="Sustainable Development Goal 7">(7) Affordable and Clean Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_8" title="Sustainable Development Goal 8">(8) Decent Work and Economic Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_9" title="Sustainable Development Goal 9">(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_10" title="Sustainable Development Goal 10">(10) Reducing Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_11" title="Sustainable Development Goal 11">(11) Sustainable Cities and Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_12" title="Sustainable Development Goal 12">(12) Responsible Consumption and Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_13" title="Sustainable Development Goal 13">(13) Climate Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">(14) Life Below Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_15" title="Sustainable Development Goal 15">(15) Life On Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_16" title="Sustainable Development Goal 16">(16) Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_17" title="Sustainable Development Goal 17">(17) Partnerships for the Goals</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg/100px-SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg/150px-SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg/200px-SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Goals_Week" title="Global Goals Week">Global Goals Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sustainable_Development_Goal_targets_and_indicators" title="List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators">List of Sustainable Development Goal targets and indicators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Australia" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Ghana" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sustainable Development Goals and India (page does not exist)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Iran" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Lebanon" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals_and_Nigeria" title="Sustainable Development Goals and Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sustainability" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sustainability" title="Template:Sustainability"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sustainability" title="Template talk:Sustainability"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sustainability" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sustainability"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sustainability" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sustainability" title="Outline of sustainability">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_sustainability_articles" title="Index of sustainability articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainability#Principles_and_concepts" title="Sustainability">Principles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropocene" title="Anthropocene">Anthropocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">Global governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_boundaries" title="Planetary boundaries">Planetary boundaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumption" title="Sustainable consumption">Consumption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropization" title="Anthropization">Anthropization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_consumption" title="Green consumption">Green consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-sustainability" title="Micro-sustainability">Micro-sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-consumption">Over-consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_stewardship" title="Product stewardship">Product stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_return_on_investment" title="Social return on investment">Social return on investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steady-state_economy" title="Steady-state economy">Steady-state economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_advertising" title="Sustainability advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_brand" title="Sustainability brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_marketing_myopia" title="Sustainability marketing myopia">Marketing myopia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_consumer_behaviour" title="Sustainable consumer behaviour">Consumer behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable market">Market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_and_systemic_change_resistance" title="Sustainability and systemic change resistance">Systemic change resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">World population</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">Demographic transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_population_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Human population control">Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_population" title="Sustainable population">Sustainable population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">Environmental technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_building" title="Natural building">Natural building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">Sustainable architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_industries" title="Sustainable industries">Sustainable industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosecurity" title="Biosecurity">Biosecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">Biosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">Conservation biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">Endangered species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">Sustainable energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_food_system" title="Sustainable food system">Food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_agriculture" title="Civic agriculture">Civic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate-smart_agriculture" title="Climate-smart agriculture">Climate-smart agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community-supported_agriculture" title="Community-supported agriculture">Community-supported agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_well_(condenser)" title="Air well (condenser)">Air well (condenser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioretention" title="Bioretention">Bioretention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioswale" title="Bioswale">Bioswale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_roof" title="Blue roof">Blue roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catchwater" title="Catchwater">Catchwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_wetland" title="Constructed wetland">Constructed wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_basin" title="Detention basin">Detention basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dew_pond" title="Dew pond">Dew pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_footprint" title="Water footprint">Footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">Hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">Hydropower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_basin" title="Infiltration basin">Infiltration basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_tank" title="Irrigation tank">Irrigation tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_energy" title="Marine energy">Marine energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_hydro" title="Micro hydro">Micro hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion" title="Ocean thermal energy conversion">Ocean thermal energy conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pico_hydro" title="Pico hydro">Pico hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_garden" title="Rain garden">Rain garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainwater_harvesting" title="Rainwater harvesting">Rainwater harvesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainwater_tank" title="Rainwater tank">Rainwater tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">Reclaimed water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retention_basin" title="Retention basin">Retention basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-of-the-river_hydroelectricity" title="Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity">Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Scarcity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_hydro" title="Small hydro">Small hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_drainage_system" title="Sustainable drainage system">Sustainable drainage system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_power" title="Tidal power">Tidal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_stream_generator" title="Tidal stream generator">Tidal stream generator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_box_filter" title="Tree box filter">Tree box filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conservation" title="Water conservation">Water conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">Water recycling shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-sensitive_urban_design" title="Water-sensitive urban design">Water-sensitive urban design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accountability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_environmental_responsibility" title="Corporate environmental responsibility">Corporate environmental responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility" title="Corporate social responsibility">Corporate social responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_accounting" title="Environmental accounting">Environmental accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_full-cost_accounting" title="Environmental full-cost accounting">Environmental full-cost accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">Environmental planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_accounting" title="Sustainability accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_measurement" title="Sustainability measurement">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_metrics_and_indices" title="Sustainability metrics and indices">Metrics and indices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_reporting" title="Sustainability reporting">Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_standards_and_certification" title="Sustainability standards and certification">Standards and certification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_yield" title="Sustainable yield">Sustainable yield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_art" title="Sustainable art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_business" title="Sustainable business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_city" title="Sustainable city">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_community" title="Sustainable community">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-cities" title="Eco-cities">Eco-cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecovillage" title="Ecovillage">Ecovillage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">Environmental finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_in_construction" title="Sustainability in construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fashion" title="Sustainable fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">Finance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_gardening" title="Sustainable gardening">Gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geopark" title="Geopark">Geopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_development" title="Green development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_infrastructure" title="Green infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_marketing" title="Green marketing">Marketing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_roof" title="Green roof">Green roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greening" title="Greening">Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_investing" title="Impact investing">Impact investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_livelihood" title="Sustainable livelihood">Livelihood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_living" title="Sustainable living">Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable market">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_movement" title="Organic movement">Organic movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainability organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_procurement" title="Sustainable procurement">Procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">Refurbishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_responsible_business" title="Socially responsible business">Socially responsible business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_responsible_marketing" title="Socially responsible marketing">Socially responsible marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing" title="Sustainable sourcing">Sourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_sustainability" title="Space sustainability">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_organization" title="Sustainability organization">Sustainability organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_urban_drainage_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable urban drainage systems">Urban drainage systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_urban_infrastructure" title="Sustainable urban infrastructure">Urban infrastructure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_management" title="Sustainable management">Sustainable management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_and_environmental_management" title="Sustainability and environmental management">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_forest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forest management">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_landscape_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated landscape management">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_materials_management" title="Sustainable materials management">Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource_management" title="Natural resource management">Natural resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_management" title="Planetary management">Planetary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements and conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_the_Human_Environment" title="United Nations Conference on the Human Environment">UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brundtland_Commission" title="Brundtland Commission">Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Common_Future" title="Our Common Future">Our Common Future (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit" title="Earth Summit">Earth Summit (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Declaration_on_Environment_and_Development" title="Rio Declaration on Environment and Development">Rio Declaration on Environment and Development</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21 (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversity" title="Convention on Biological Diversity">Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Principles" title="Lisbon Principles">Lisbon Principles</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Charter" title="Earth Charter">Earth Charter</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">UN Millennium Declaration (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Summit_2002" title="Earth Summit 2002">Earth Summit 2002</a> (Rio+10, Johannesburg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development">UN Conference on Sustainable Development</a> (Rio+20, 2012)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sustainability" title="Category:Sustainability">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sustainability_lists" title="Category:Sustainability lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_science" title="Sustainability science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_studies" title="Sustainability studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_degrees" title="List of environmental degrees">Degrees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Poverty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Poverty" title="Template:Poverty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Poverty" title="Template talk:Poverty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poverty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Poverty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poverty" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">Poverty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Measuring_poverty" title="Measuring poverty">Measuring poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrated_poverty" title="Concentrated poverty">Concentrated poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_poverty" title="Cost of poverty">Cost of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_poverty" title="Disability and poverty">Disability and poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_poverty" title="Climate change and poverty">Climate change and poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_poverty" title="Child poverty">Child poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_poverty" title="Chronic poverty">Chronic poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_of_poverty" title="Cycle of poverty">Cycle of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precarity" title="Precarity">Precarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_minimum_income" title="Guaranteed minimum income">Guaranteed minimum income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Universal basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_basic_income_models" title="List of basic income models">List of basic income models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_reduction" title="Poverty reduction">Poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metrics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeless_Vulnerability_Index" title="Homeless Vulnerability Index">Homeless Vulnerability Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misery_index_(economics)" title="Misery index (economics)">Misery index (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuine_progress_indicator" title="Genuine progress indicator">Genuine progress indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legatum_Prosperity_Index" title="Legatum Prosperity Index">Legatum Prosperity Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_gap_index" title="Poverty gap index">Poverty gap index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_Poverty_Index" title="Multidimensional Poverty Index">Multidimensional Poverty Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Index_of_Multiple_Deprivation" title="Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation">Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_poor" title="Working poor">Working poor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Precariat" title="Precariat">Precariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeter" title="Freeter">Freeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underemployment" title="Underemployment">Underemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McJob" title="McJob">McJob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea-pickers" title="Pea-pickers">Pea-picker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menial_job" title="Menial job">Menial job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">Domestic worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_theft" title="Wage theft">Wage theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatshop" title="Sweatshop">Sweatshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precarious_work" title="Precarious work">Precarious work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workfare" title="Workfare">Workfare</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">Serfdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">Forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">Indentured servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_servitude" title="Involuntary servitude">Involuntary servitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_bondage" title="Debt bondage">Debt bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peon" title="Peon">Peonage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Child soldiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Algeria" title="Poverty in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Poverty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Ethiopia" title="Poverty in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Kenya" title="Poverty in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Namibia" title="Poverty in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Niger" title="Poverty in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Nigeria" title="Poverty in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Tanzania" title="Poverty in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Uganda" title="Poverty in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Afghanistan" title="Poverty in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bangladesh" title="Poverty in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cambodia" title="Poverty in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_East_Timor" title="Poverty in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Indonesia" title="Poverty in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Japan" title="Poverty in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Lebanon" title="Poverty in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_North_Korea" title="Poverty in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_South_Korea" title="Poverty in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Poverty in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Vietnam" title="Poverty in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Yemen" title="Poverty in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cyprus" title="Poverty in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_France" title="Poverty in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Germany" title="Poverty in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Italy" title="Poverty in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Moldova" title="Poverty in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Norway" title="Poverty in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Poland" title="Poverty in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Romania" title="Poverty in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Turkey" title="Poverty in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Ukraine" title="Poverty in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_New_Zealand" title="Poverty in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Canada" title="Poverty in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Colombia" title="Poverty in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Haiti" title="Poverty in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Mexico" title="Poverty in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Peru" title="Poverty in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_poverty" title="Theories of poverty">Theories of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_culture" title="Welfare culture">Welfare culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_trap" title="Welfare trap">Welfare trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare%27s_effect_on_poverty" title="Welfare's effect on poverty">Welfare's effect on poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_welfare" title="Criticism of welfare">Criticism of welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellness_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellness (medicine)">Wellness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">Quality of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-perceived_quality-of-life_scale" title="Self-perceived quality-of-life scale">Self-perceived quality-of-life scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_well-being" title="Subjective well-being">Subjective well-being</a> (SWB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_(psychological)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (psychological)">Stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_poverty" title="Rural poverty">Rural access issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providing_Urban_Amenities_to_Rural_Areas" title="Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas">Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-materialism">Post-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen%27s_parade" title="Pen's parade">Pen's parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_poverty" title="Culture of poverty">Culture of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_poverty" title="Causes of poverty">Causes of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_global_issues" title="List of global issues">List of global issues</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_poverty" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diseases_of_poverty" title="Template:Diseases of poverty"><abbr title="View this 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poverty">List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Deprivation_Indicators" title="Template:Deprivation Indicators">Deprivation and poverty indicators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7649586#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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