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<span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intergeneric_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intergeneric_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Intergeneric relationships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intergeneric_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrageneric_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrageneric_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Infrageneric classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrageneric_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Rheum</i> (plant)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="راوند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راوند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99v%C9%99nd" title="Rəvənd – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəvənd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86" title="اوشقون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوشقون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D3%99%D2%AF%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Ирәүән – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ирәүән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Рэвень – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэвень" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Рэвень – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэвень" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarbara" title="Rabarbara – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rabarbara" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruibarbre" title="Ruibarbre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruibarbre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rheum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reve%C5%88" title="Reveň – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reveň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riwbob" title="Riwbob – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Riwbob" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarber" title="Rabarber – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rabarber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabarber_(Gattung)" title="Rhabarber (Gattung) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhabarber (Gattung)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarber_(perekond)" title="Rabarber (perekond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rabarber (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rheum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarbo" title="Rabarbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rabarbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rheum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ریواس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریواس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhubarbe" title="Rhubarbe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhubarbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Ревень – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ревень" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%99%A9%EC%86%8D_(%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC)" title="대황속 (식물) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대황속 (식물)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Խավարածիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խավարածիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="रेवतचीनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेवतचीनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rjewje%C5%84" title="Rjewjeń – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rjewjeń" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarbara" title="Rabarbara – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rabarbara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubarbo" title="Rubarbo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rubarbo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Хæрыны хъоло – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хæрыны хъоло" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarbari" title="Rabarbari – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rabarbari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rheum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A1" title="ריבס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריבס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="რევანდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რევანდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Рауғаш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рауғаш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAwas" title="Rêwas – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêwas" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Ышкын – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ышкын" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum_(genus)" title="Rheum (genus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rheum (genus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarbaras" title="Rabarbaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rabarbaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebarbara" title="Rebarbara – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rebarbara" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rheum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="पदमचाल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पदमचाल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A6%E5%B1%9E" title="ダイオウ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダイオウ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabarber_(sk%C3%B6%C3%B6l)" title="Rhabarber (skööl) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rhabarber (skööl)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarbraslekta" title="Rabarbraslekta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rabarbraslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rovoch" title="Rovoch – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rovoch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarbar" title="Rabarbar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rabarbar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rheum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revent" title="Revent – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Revent" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Ревень – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ревень" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum_(plant)" title="Rheum (plant) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rheum (plant)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhubarb" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabarbara" title="Rabarbara – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rabarbara" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ڕێواس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێواس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raparperit" title="Raparperit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raparperit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_ho%C3%A0ng" title="Chi Đại hoàng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Đại hoàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum" title="Rheum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rheum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BB%84%E5%B1%9E" title="大黄属 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大黄属" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of flowering plants</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Rheum</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheum_rhabarbarum.2006-04-27.uellue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rheum_rhabarbarum.2006-04-27.uellue.jpg/220px-Rheum_rhabarbarum.2006-04-27.uellue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rheum_rhabarbarum.2006-04-27.uellue.jpg/330px-Rheum_rhabarbarum.2006-04-27.uellue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rheum_rhabarbarum.2006-04-27.uellue.jpg/440px-Rheum_rhabarbarum.2006-04-27.uellue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Rheum" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polygonoideae" title="Polygonoideae">Polygonoideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Rheum</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>See text. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-POWO_32581-1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_32581-1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Rhabarbarum</i> <small>Fabr. </small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Rheum</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of about 60 <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plants">perennial plants</a> in the family <a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a>. Species are native to eastern Europe, southern and eastern temperate Asia, with a few reaching into northern tropical Asia. <i>Rheum</i> is cultivated in Europe and North America.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_32581-1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_32581-1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genus includes the vegetable<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a>. The species have large somewhat triangular shaped leaves with long, fleshy <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petioles</a>. The flowers are small, greenish-white to rose-red, and grouped in large compound leafy <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescences</a>. A number of <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of rhubarb have been domesticated both as medicinal plants and for human consumption. While the leaves are slightly toxic, the stalks are used in pies and other foods for their tart flavor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rheum_(plant)" title="Special:EditPage/Rheum (plant)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rivach%3DRivas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rivach%3DRivas.JPG/220px-Rivach%3DRivas.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rivach%3DRivas.JPG/330px-Rivach%3DRivas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rivach%3DRivas.JPG/440px-Rivach%3DRivas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_ribes" title="Rheum ribes">Rheum ribes</a></i> growing in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Rheum</i> species are herbaceous perennials growing from fleshy roots. They have upright growing stems and mostly basal, <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> leaves growing from short, thick <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizomes</a>. They have persistent or deciduous <a href="/wiki/Ocrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocrea">ocrea</a>. The inflorescences are terminal and panicle-like with <a href="/wiki/Pedicels" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedicels">pedicels</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodite" title="Hermaphrodite">hermaphrodite</a> flowers consist of a whitish green to pinkish green, hairless and <a href="/wiki/Campanulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulate">campanulate</a> (bell-shaped) <a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">perianth</a>, composed of six <a href="/wiki/Tepals" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepals">tepals</a>. The outer three tepals are narrower than the inner three and all are <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">sepal</a>-like in appearance. The flowers have nine (sometimes six) <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamina</a> inserted on the <a href="/wiki/Torus" title="Torus">torus</a> at the base of the peranthium, they are free or <a href="/wiki/Connation" title="Connation">subconnate</a> at their base. The anthers are yellow or pinkish green, elliptic in shape. The <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovary (plants)">ovary</a> is simple and triangular shaped with three erect or deflexed <a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">styles</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">stigmas</a> are head-like. The fruits are a three-sided <a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">achene</a> with winged sides, and the seeds are <a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">albuminous</a> with a straight or curved <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheumaustrale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rheumaustrale.jpg/220px-Rheumaustrale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rheumaustrale.jpg/330px-Rheumaustrale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rheumaustrale.jpg/440px-Rheumaustrale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="1191" /></a><figcaption>Seeds</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The genus <i>Rheum</i> was erected in 1753 by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-IPNI_32581-1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPNI_32581-1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> initially for three species: <i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_rhaponticum" title="Rheum rhaponticum">R. rhaponticum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_rhabarbarum" title="Rheum rhabarbarum">R. rhabarbarum</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_ribes" title="Rheum ribes">R. ribes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Linn53_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linn53-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linnaeus did not explain the origin of the genus name. <i>Rheum</i> is usually derived from the Greek <i>rheon</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-HyamPank95_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HyamPank95-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duns14_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duns14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Dioscorides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioscorides">Dioscorides</a> as an alternative name for medicinal rhubarb; the word <i>rheon</i> is itself thought to be derived from the (old) Persian <i>rewend</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Duns14_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duns14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dioscorides calls the plant <i>rha</i>, but mentions the Romans call it <i>rha ponticum</i>, and it was also called <i>ria</i> or <i>rheon</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Diosc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diosc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is theorised the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> word <i>rha</i> was derived from an ancient <a href="/wiki/Scythian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian language">Scythian</a> name for the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a> in Russia, <i>Rā</i>, near from where the plant was supposedly brought.<sup id="cite_ref-Diosc_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diosc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-John72_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John72-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See <a href="/wiki/Volga_River#Nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River § Nomenclature</a>.) </p><p>In 1936 <a href="/wiki/Agnia_Losina-Losinskaja" title="Agnia Losina-Losinskaja">Agnia Losina-Losinskaja</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Leontyevich_Komarov" title="Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov">Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov</a>'s <i>Flora SSSR</i> recognised 22 native species for the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, and furthermore two introduced species, one variety, and one form.<sup id="cite_ref-SSSR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1989 <i>Plants of Central Asia</i>, dealing with a larger geographical remit, has Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina recognising only 12 species, synonymising a great number.<sup id="cite_ref-ЦентАзии9_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ЦентАзии9-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states</i> of 1995 accepted 17 species for the states of the former USSR, re-recognising many of the taxa as species.<sup id="cite_ref-Czerepanov_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czerepanov-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">Flora of China</a></i> in 2003 Borodina and Bao Bojian recognise 38 species (of which 19 are endemic) in China, including a number Borodina considered synonyms in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-FlChina2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlChina2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intergeneric_relationships">Intergeneric relationships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Intergeneric relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rheum</i> is placed in the family <a href="/wiki/Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a>, subfamily <a href="/wiki/Polygonoideae" title="Polygonoideae">Polygonoideae</a>. Within the subfamily, it is in the tribe Rumiceae, along with the two genera <i><a href="/wiki/Oxyria" title="Oxyria">Oxyria</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rumex" title="Rumex">Rumex</a></i>. It is most closely related to <i>Rumex</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SchuReveBaylKron15_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchuReveBaylKron15-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Rumiceae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Oxyria</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Rumex</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>Rheum</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrageneric_classification">Infrageneric classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Infrageneric classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1998 <i>Flora Republicae popularis Sinicae</i> A. R. Li proposed classifying the Chinese representatives of the genus into five <a href="/wiki/Section_(botany)" title="Section (botany)">sections</a>. These sections are distinct morphologically, but as of 2010 studies in <a href="/wiki/Karyotype" title="Karyotype">karyotypy</a>, pollen morphology or molecular data (chloroplast DNA) have failed to elucidate interspecific relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chloroplast_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chloroplast-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Sect. <i>Rheum</i></b> - Generally mid-sized species with entire, un-lobed leaves and whitish flowers.</li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Deserticola</i></b> <small>(Maxim.) Losinsk.</small> - Smallish species native to harsh desert environments.</li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Nobilia</i></b> <small>A.R. Li</small> - Large, <a href="/wiki/Monocarpic" title="Monocarpic">monocarpic</a>, high altitude species from the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> that create their own mini-greenhouse by having an <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescence</a> tightly protected by transparent <a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">bracts</a>.</li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Palmata</i></b> <small>Losinsk.</small> - The largest rhubarbs to 2m tall, with <a href="/wiki/Palmate" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmate">palmate</a>, or otherwise lobed, leaves and reddish flowers.</li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Spiciforma</i></b> <small>A.R. Li</small> - Generally stemless, high altitude species with curiously hard, leathery leaves and an inflorescence with thin, spike-like <a href="/wiki/Panicle" title="Panicle">panicles</a>. Including many dwarf species.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheum_nanum_Siev.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rheum_nanum_Siev.JPG/220px-Rheum_nanum_Siev.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rheum_nanum_Siev.JPG/330px-Rheum_nanum_Siev.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Rheum_nanum_Siev.JPG/440px-Rheum_nanum_Siev.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><i>Rheum nanum</i> is the sole species in Losinskaja's <a href="/wiki/Section_(botany)" title="Section (botany)">section</a> <i>Acaulia</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Losinskaja used a slightly different classification in the <i>Flora SSSR</i> in 1936:<sup id="cite_ref-SSSR_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Sect. <i>Acaulia</i></b> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Deserticola</i></b> <small>(Maxim.) Losinsk.</small></li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Glabrifolia</i></b> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Palmata</i></b> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Rhapontica</i></b> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Ribesiformia</i></b> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><b>Sect. <i>Spiciformia</i></b> <small>Losinsk.</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheum_tibeticum_2016-04-19_8067.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Rheum_tibeticum_2016-04-19_8067.JPG/220px-Rheum_tibeticum_2016-04-19_8067.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Rheum_tibeticum_2016-04-19_8067.JPG/330px-Rheum_tibeticum_2016-04-19_8067.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Rheum_tibeticum_2016-04-19_8067.JPG/440px-Rheum_tibeticum_2016-04-19_8067.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption><i>Rheum tibeticum</i> in May, cultivated in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheum_nobile_(photo_Bill_Baker).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Rheum_nobile_%28photo_Bill_Baker%29.jpg/220px-Rheum_nobile_%28photo_Bill_Baker%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Rheum_nobile_%28photo_Bill_Baker%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><i>Rheum nobile</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The genus is represented by about 50–60 extant species.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_32581-1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_32581-1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chloroplast_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chloroplast-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The many cultivars of culinary rhubarb more usually grown for eating are recognised as <i>Rheum</i> × <i>hybridum</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Royal Horticultural Society</a>'s list of recognised plant names. The drug rheum is prepared from the rhizomes and <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">roots</a> of another species, <i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_officinale" title="Rheum officinale">R. officinale</a></i> or medicinal rhubarb. This species is also native to Asia, as is the turkey rhubarb, <i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_palmatum" title="Rheum palmatum">R. palmatum</a></i>. Another species, the Sikkim rhubarb, <i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_nobile" title="Rheum nobile">R. nobile</a></i>, is limited to the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of diversity">centre of diversity</a> for this genus is found in <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following is a partial list of species names, some of which, according to some authorities, are considered synonyms or not fully resolved or accepted:<sup id="cite_ref-Czerepanov_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Czerepanov-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FlChina2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlChina2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tpl_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tpl-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_acuminatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum acuminatum (page does not exist)">Rheum acuminatum</a></i> <small>Hook.f. & Thomson</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_alexandrae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum alexandrae (page does not exist)">Rheum alexandrae</a></i> <small>Batalin</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_australe" title="Rheum australe">Rheum australe</a></i> <small>D.Don</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_compactum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum compactum (page does not exist)">Rheum compactum</a></i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_cordatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum cordatum (page does not exist)">Rheum cordatum</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_coreanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum coreanum (page does not exist)">Rheum coreanum</a></i> <small>Nakai</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_darvasicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum darvasicum (page does not exist)">Rheum darvasicum</a></i> <small>V.S.Titov ex Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_delavayi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum delavayi (page does not exist)">Rheum delavayi</a></i> <small>Franch.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_fedtschenkoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum fedtschenkoi (page does not exist)">Rheum fedtschenkoi</a></i> <small>Maxim. ex Regel</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_forrestii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum forrestii (page does not exist)">Rheum forrestii</a></i> <small>Diels</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_globulosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum globulosum (page does not exist)">Rheum globulosum</a></i> <small>Gage</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_hissaricum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum hissaricum (page does not exist)">Rheum hissaricum</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_hotaoense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum hotaoense (page does not exist)">Rheum hotaoense</a></i> <small>C.Y.Cheng & T.C.Kao</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheum_%C3%97_hybridum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheum × hybridum"><i>Rheum</i> × <i>hybridum</i></a> <small> Murray</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_inopinatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum inopinatum (page does not exist)">Rheum inopinatum</a></i> <small>Prain</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_khorasanicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum khorasanicum (page does not exist)">Rheum khorasanicum</a></i> <small>Baradaran & Jafari</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_kialense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum kialense (page does not exist)">Rheum kialense</a></i> <small>Franch.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_laciniatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum laciniatum (page does not exist)">Rheum laciniatum</a></i> <small>Prain</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_lhasaense" title="Rheum lhasaense">Rheum lhasaense</a></i> <small>A.J.Li & P.K.Hsiao</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_likiangense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum likiangense (page does not exist)">Rheum likiangense</a></i> <small>Sam.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_lucidum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum lucidum (page does not exist)">Rheum lucidum</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_macrocarpum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum macrocarpum (page does not exist)">Rheum macrocarpum</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_maculatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum maculatum (page does not exist)">Rheum maculatum</a></i> <small>C.Y.Cheng & T.C.Kao</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_maximowiczii" title="Rheum maximowiczii">Rheum maximowiczii</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_moorcroftianum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum moorcroftianum (page does not exist)">Rheum moorcroftianum</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Royle" title="John Forbes Royle">Royle</a></small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_nanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum nanum (page does not exist)">Rheum nanum</a></i> <small>Siev. ex Pall.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_neyshabourense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum neyshabourense (page does not exist)">Rheum neyshabourense</a></i> <small>Baradaran & Jafari</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_nobile" title="Rheum nobile">Rheum nobile</a></i> <small>Hook.f. & Thomson</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_officinale" title="Rheum officinale">Rheum officinale</a></i> <small>Baill.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_palaestinum" title="Rheum palaestinum">Rheum palaestinum</a></i> <small>Feinbrun</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_palmatum" title="Rheum palmatum">Rheum palmatum</a></i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_persicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum persicum (page does not exist)">Rheum persicum</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_platylobum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum platylobum (page does not exist)">Rheum platylobum</a></i> <small>Rech.f.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_przewalskyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum przewalskyi (page does not exist)">Rheum przewalskyi</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_pumilum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum pumilum (page does not exist)">Rheum pumilum</a></i> <small>Maxim.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_racemiferum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum racemiferum (page does not exist)">Rheum racemiferum</a></i> <small>Maxim.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_reticulatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum reticulatum (page does not exist)">Rheum reticulatum</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_rhabarbarum" title="Rheum rhabarbarum">Rheum rhabarbarum</a></i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_rhaponticum" title="Rheum rhaponticum">Rheum rhaponticum</a></i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_rhizostachyum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum rhizostachyum (page does not exist)">Rheum rhizostachyum</a></i> <small>Schrenk</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_rhomboideum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum rhomboideum (page does not exist)">Rheum rhomboideum</a></i> <small>Losinsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_ribes" title="Rheum ribes">Rheum ribes</a></i> <small>L.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_spiciforme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum spiciforme (page does not exist)">Rheum spiciforme</a></i> <small>Royle</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_subacaule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum subacaule (page does not exist)">Rheum subacaule</a></i> <small>Sam.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_sublanceolatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum sublanceolatum (page does not exist)">Rheum sublanceolatum</a></i> <small>C.Y.Cheng & T.C.Kao</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheum_maximowiczii#Hybrids" title="Rheum maximowiczii"><i>Rheum</i> × <i>svetlanae</i></a> <small> Krassovsk.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_tanguticum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum tanguticum (page does not exist)">Rheum tanguticum</a></i> <small>(Maxim. ex Regel) Balf.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_tataricum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum tataricum (page does not exist)">Rheum tataricum</a></i> <small>L.f.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_tibeticum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum tibeticum (page does not exist)">Rheum tibeticum</a></i> <small>Maxim. ex Hook.f.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_turkestanicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum turkestanicum (page does not exist)">Rheum turkestanicum</a></i> <small>Janisch.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_uninerve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum uninerve (page does not exist)">Rheum uninerve</a></i> <small>Maxim.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_webbianum" title="Rheum webbianum">Rheum webbianum</a></i> <small>Royle</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_wittrockii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum wittrockii (page does not exist)">Rheum wittrockii</a></i> <small>C.E.Lundstr.</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_yunnanense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheum yunnanense (page does not exist)">Rheum yunnanense</a></i> <small>Sam.</small></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rheum</i> species have been recorded as <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larval</a> food plants for some <a href="/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a> species such as the buff ermine, <i><a href="/wiki/Spilarctia_luteum" class="mw-redirect" title="Spilarctia luteum">Spilarctia luteum</a></i>, as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Arctia_caja" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctia caja">Arctia caja</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hydraecia_micacea" title="Hydraecia micacea">Hydraecia micacea</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Xestia_baja" title="Xestia baja">Xestia baja</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RhButt_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RhButt-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Rheum</i> species are often the <a href="/wiki/Host_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Host plant">host plants</a> for <a href="/wiki/Myrmecophily" title="Myrmecophily">myrmecophilous</a> caterpillars of the butterfly genus <i><a href="/wiki/Callophrys" title="Callophrys">Callophrys</a></i>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Callophrys_titanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Callophrys titanus (page does not exist)">Callophrys titanus</a></i> feeds on <i>R. maximowiczii</i> in southern <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Callophrys_mystaphia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Callophrys mystaphia (page does not exist)"><i>C. mystaphia</i></a> on <i>R. ribes</i> in eastern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Callophrys_mystaphioides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Callophrys mystaphioides (page does not exist)"><i>C. mystaphioides</i></a> on <i>R. persicum</i> in southwest and central <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The caterpillars of the related <i><a href="/wiki/Lycaena_violacea" title="Lycaena violacea">Lycaena violacea</a></i> from southeastern <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> are only known to feed on <i>R. rhabarbarum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RhButt_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RhButt-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>R. ribes</i> leaves are food for the moth <i><a href="/wiki/Xylena_exsoleta" title="Xylena exsoleta">Xylena exsoleta</a></i> in eastern Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beetles which are specialised herbivores of this plant species in eastern Turkey are a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrocladus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrocladus (page does not exist)">Petrocladus</a></i> sp. <a href="/wiki/Weevil" title="Weevil">weevil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jewel_beetle" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewel beetle">jewel beetle</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capnodis_marquardti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capnodis marquardti (page does not exist)">Capnodis marquardti</a></i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Leaf_beetle" title="Leaf beetle">leaf beetle</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labidostomis_brevipennis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labidostomis brevipennis (page does not exist)">Labidostomis brevipennis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-beetles_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beetles-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Taldy-Bulak" title="Taldy-Bulak">Taldy-Bulak</a> valley in the <a href="/wiki/Talas_Alatau" title="Talas Alatau">Talas Alatau</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, the emerging leaves of <i>R. maximowiczii</i> are an important food source for <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_brown_bear" title="Himalayan brown bear">Himalayan brown bear</a> (<i>Ursus arctos</i> ssp. <i>isabellinus</i>) awakening from hibernation in April.<sup id="cite_ref-TulipsT-S_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TulipsT-S-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <i>Rheum</i> species have food and medicinal uses. Some of these uses originated in Asia more than 2,000 years ago. All parts of the plant contain slightly <a href="/wiki/Poisonous" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisonous">poisonous</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxalic_acid" title="Oxalic acid">oxalic acid</a>, but its concentration in the leaf stems or petioles used in food preparation is very low, and their tart flavor instead is caused by nontoxic <a href="/wiki/Malic_acid" title="Malic acid">malic acid</a>. The plants also produce other compounds, including <a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">citric acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_anthraquinone" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural anthraquinone">anthraquinone</a> <a href="/wiki/Glycoside" title="Glycoside">glycosides</a>, and the raw or cooked leaf blades are poisonous to humans and livestock if consumed in large enough amounts.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plants in cultivation are propagated by cutting up the crowns of larger plants and by seeds. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rheum_palmatum1C2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rheum_palmatum1C2000.jpg/220px-Rheum_palmatum1C2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rheum_palmatum1C2000.jpg/330px-Rheum_palmatum1C2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Rheum_palmatum1C2000.jpg/440px-Rheum_palmatum1C2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Rheum tanguticum</i> (syn. <i>R. palmatum</i> var. <i>tanguticum</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Some species are grown for their ornamental qualities, including <i>R. acuminatum</i>, <i>R. alexandrae</i>, <i>R. australe</i>, <i>R. kialense</i>, <i>R. palmatum</i>, <i>R. rhabarbarum</i> and <i>R. ribes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The roots of <i>R. macrocarpum</i> are exploited in the <a href="/wiki/Tian-Shan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tian-Shan">Tian-Shan</a> to make a dye.<sup id="cite_ref-SSSR_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSSR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rheum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rheum">Rheum</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-POWO_32581-1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_32581-1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_32581-1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-POWO_32581-1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:32581-1">"<i>Rheum</i> L."</a> <i>Plants of the World Online</i>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Rheum+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A32581-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From Ancient Greek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/dict?name=lsj&lang=el&word=r(h=on&filter=CUTF8">ῥῆον</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsac.ca/lib/apascc/acv/production/rhubarb.htm">Vegetable Crops Production Guide for the Atlantic Provinces</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2015">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPNI_32581-1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPNI_32581-1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=32581-1">"Plant Name Details for <i>Rheum</i> L."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">The International Plant Names Index</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+International+Plant+Names+Index&rft.atitle=Plant+Name+Details+for+Rheum+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%2Fipni%2FidPlantNameSearch.do%3Fid%3D32581-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linn53-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linn53_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnaeus1753" class="citation cs1">Linnaeus, Carolus (1753). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358391">"Rheum ribes"</a>. <i>Species Plantarum, Tomus I</i>. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rheum+ribes&rft.btitle=Species+Plantarum%2C+Tomus+I&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Impensis+Laurentii+Salvii&rft.date=1753&rft.aulast=Linnaeus&rft.aufirst=Carolus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F358391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HyamPank95-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HyamPank95_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyamPankhurst1995" class="citation book cs1">Hyam, R. & Pankhurst, R.J. (1995). <i>Plants and their names : a concise dictionary</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866189-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866189-4"><bdi>978-0-19-866189-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plants+and+their+names+%3A+a+concise+dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-866189-4&rft.aulast=Hyam&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Pankhurst%2C+R.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duns14-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duns14_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duns14_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunstone2014" class="citation book cs1">Dunstone, Denis (2014). <i>Why is an Apple a Pomme? A Journey with Words</i>. Lulu Publishing Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4834-1859-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4834-1859-9"><bdi>978-1-4834-1859-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+is+an+Apple+a+Pomme%3F+A+Journey+with+Words&rft.pub=Lulu+Publishing+Services&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4834-1859-9&rft.aulast=Dunstone&rft.aufirst=Denis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diosc-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diosc_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diosc_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsbaldestonWood2000" class="citation book cs1">Osbaldeston, Tess Anne; Wood, RPA (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/de-materia-medica"><i>Dioscorides - De Materia Medica</i></a>. Johannesburg: Ibidis Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/de-materia-medica/page/n392">364</a>, 367. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-620-23435-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-620-23435-0"><bdi>0-620-23435-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dioscorides+-+De+Materia+Medica&rft.place=Johannesburg&rft.pages=364%2C+367&rft.pub=Ibidis+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-620-23435-0&rft.aulast=Osbaldeston&rft.aufirst=Tess+Anne&rft.au=Wood%2C+RPA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fde-materia-medica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.P. Mallory & D.Q. Adams, <i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i>, s.v. "dew" (London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997), 158-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John72-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John72_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonSmith1972" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, A.T. & Smith, H.A. (1972). <i>Plant Names Simplified : Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning</i>. Buckenhill, Herefordshire: Landsmans Bookshop. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-900513-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-900513-04-6"><bdi>978-0-900513-04-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+Names+Simplified+%3A+Their+Pronunciation+Derivation+%26+Meaning&rft.place=Buckenhill%2C+Herefordshire&rft.pub=Landsmans+Bookshop&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-900513-04-6&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A.T.&rft.au=Smith%2C+H.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SSSR-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SSSR_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSSR_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSSR_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЛозина-Лозинская1936" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Agnia_Losina-Losinskaja" title="Agnia Losina-Losinskaja">Лозина-Лозинская, Агния Сергеевна</a> (1936). "<i>Rheum</i>". In <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Leontyevich_Komarov" title="Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov">Комаро́в, Влади́мир Лео́нтьевич</a> (ed.). <i>Flora SSSR, Vol. 5</i> (in Russian). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lepidoptera+and+some+other+life+forms&rft.atitle=Rheum&rft.aulast=Savela&rft.aufirst=Markku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftp.funet.fi%2Findex%2FTree_of_life%2Fplants%2Fmagnoliophyta%2Fmagnoliophytina%2Fmagnoliopsida%2Fpolygonaceae%2Frheum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavela" class="citation web cs1">Savela, Markku. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/lycaenidae/theclinae/callophrys/index.html">"Callophrys"</a>. <i>Lepidoptera and some other life forms</i>. Markku Savela<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lepidoptera+and+some+other+life+forms&rft.atitle=Callophrys&rft.aulast=Savela&rft.aufirst=Markku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nic.funet.fi%2Fpub%2Fsci%2Fbio%2Flife%2Finsecta%2Flepidoptera%2Fditrysia%2Fpapilionoidea%2Flycaenidae%2Ftheclinae%2Fcallophrys%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CentreForEntomologicalStudiesAnkaraCesaNewsNr.9">Van Gölü Havzasında Kelebek Çeşitliliği (Diversity of the butterflies in Van Lake Basin East Turkey)</a> by Muhabbet Kemal, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrupitskyKolesnichenko2013" class="citation journal cs1">Krupitsky, Anatoly; Kolesnichenko, Kirill (March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275746540">"A new species of the Callophrys mystaphia Miller, 1913—group from Iran (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini)"</a>. <i>Zootaxa</i>. <b>3619</b> (4): 460–466. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3619.4.4">10.11646/zootaxa.3619.4.4</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=A+new+species+of+the+Callophrys+mystaphia+Miller%2C+1913%E2%80%94group+from+Iran+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lycaenidae%3A+Eumaeini%29&rft.volume=3619&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=460-466&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3619.4.4&rft.aulast=Krupitsky&rft.aufirst=Anatoly&rft.au=Kolesnichenko%2C+Kirill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F275746540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhabbet Kemal, Halil Özkol & Lokman Kayci (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www23.us.archive.org/details/CentreForEntomologicalStudiesAnkaraMiscellaneousPapers139-140"><i>Xylena</i> Ochsenheimer in East Turkey with new provincial records and larval food-plants (<i>Noctuidae, Lepidoptera</i>)</a>, in Miscellaneous Papers, Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, no: 139-140, 20.03.2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beetles-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beetles_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorotyaevGültekinVolkovitshDorofeyev2016" class="citation journal cs1">Korotyaev, Boris A.; Gültekin, Levent; Volkovitsh, Mark G.; Dorofeyev, Vladimir I.; Konstantinov, Alexander S. (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapress.com/j/jib/article/download/2016.4.1/14190">"Bioindicator beetles and plants in desertified and eroded lands in Turkey"</a>. <i>Journal of Insect Biodiversity</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 28, 29, 34, 42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12976%2Fjib%2F2016.4.1">10.12976/jib/2016.4.1</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Biodiversity&rft.atitle=Bioindicator+beetles+and+plants+in+desertified+and+eroded+lands+in+Turkey&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28%2C+29%2C+34%2C+42&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12976%2Fjib%2F2016.4.1&rft.aulast=Korotyaev&rft.aufirst=Boris+A.&rft.au=G%C3%BCltekin%2C+Levent&rft.au=Volkovitsh%2C+Mark+G.&rft.au=Dorofeyev%2C+Vladimir+I.&rft.au=Konstantinov%2C+Alexander+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapress.com%2Fj%2Fjib%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F2016.4.1%2F14190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TulipsT-S-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TulipsT-S_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVladimir_KolbintsevKurt_Vickery2013" class="citation report cs1">Vladimir Kolbintsev & Kurt Vickery (April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greentours.co.uk/doc/Trip%20Report%20Tulips%20of%20the%20Tien%20Shan%202013%20edited.pdf">The Tulips of the Tien Shan</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Greentours Natural History Holidays<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Tulips+of+the+Tien+Shan&rft.pub=Greentours+Natural+History+Holidays&rft.date=2013-04&rft.au=Vladimir+Kolbintsev&rft.au=Kurt+Vickery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greentours.co.uk%2Fdoc%2FTrip%2520Report%2520Tulips%2520of%2520the%2520Tien%2520Shan%25202013%2520edited.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242343402"><i>Rheum rhabarbarum</i> in Flora of North America @</a>. Efloras.org. Retrieved on 2015-05-02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelitto,_LeoBaumgardt,_John_PhilipSchacht,_WilhelmFessler,_Alfred1990" class="citation book cs1">Jelitto, Leo; Baumgardt, John Philip; Schacht, Wilhelm; Fessler, Alfred; Epp, Michael E. (1990). <i>Hardy herbaceous perennials</i>. Vol. 2. Portland, Or.: Timber Press. p. 555. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88192-159-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88192-159-9"><bdi>0-88192-159-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hardy+herbaceous+perennials&rft.place=Portland%2C+Or.&rft.pages=555&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-88192-159-9&rft.au=Jelitto%2C+Leo&rft.au=Baumgardt%2C+John+Philip&rft.au=Schacht%2C+Wilhelm&rft.au=Fessler%2C+Alfred&rft.au=Epp%2C+Michael+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARheum+%28plant%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Rheum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7217716" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7217716">Q7217716</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rheum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Rheum">Rheum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/78JQ">78JQ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/61521">61521</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1RHEG">1RHEG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=128294">128294</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=128294">128294</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2888863">2888863</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=10379">10379</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/51250">51250</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/32581-1">32581-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1043374">1043374</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=21318">21318</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000462345">NHMSYS0000462345</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3620">3620</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/483fd43a-16bc-4fa2-801c-ce784b26526d">483fd43a-16bc-4fa2-801c-ce784b26526d</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=279975">279975</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/RHEUM">RHEUM</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A32581-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:32581-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40024549">40024549</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">VASCAN: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1616">1616</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000032935">wfo-4000032935</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7217716#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span 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href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536331305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&oldid=1238952759">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rheum_(plant)&oldid=1238952759</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rheum_(plant)" title="Category:Rheum (plant)">Rheum (plant)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polygonaceae_genera" title="Category:Polygonaceae genera">Polygonaceae 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