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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-XVIIIe_siècle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XVIIIe_siècle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><span>XVIII</span><sup>e</sup> siècle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XVIIIe_siècle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XIXe_siècle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XIXe_siècle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><span>XIX</span><sup>e</sup> siècle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XIXe_siècle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XXe_siècle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XXe_siècle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><span>XX</span><sup>e</sup> siècle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XXe_siècle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XXIe_siècle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XXIe_siècle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><span>XXI</span><sup>e</sup> siècle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XXIe_siècle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_populaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_populaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture populaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_populaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnalités" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnalités"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personnalités</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnalités-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Annexes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annexes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Annexes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kandahar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 92 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Arachosia" title="Alexandria Arachosia – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Alexandria Arachosia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قندهار – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قندهار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قندهار – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قندهار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar_(ciud%C3%A1)" title="Kandahar (ciudá) – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kandahar (ciudá)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99nd%C9%99har" title="Qəndəhar – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəndəhar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قندهار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قندهار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡандаһар – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡандаһар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандагар – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кандагар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандагар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кандагар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандахар – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кандахар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কান্দাহার – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কান্দাহার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandah%C4%81r_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Kandahār (kapital sa lalawigan) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kandahār (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandah%C3%A1r" title="Kandahár – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kandahár" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendehar" title="Kendehar – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kendehar" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%81" title="Κανταχάρ – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κανταχάρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandaharo" title="Kandaharo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kandaharo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandah%C4%81r" title="Kandahār – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kandahār" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قندهار – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قندهار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0" title="કંદહાર – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કંદહાર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8" title="קנדהאר – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קנדהאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कांधार – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कांधार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandah%C3%A1r" title="Kandahár – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kandahár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Քանդահար – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քանդահար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar_(kota)" title="Kandahar (kota) – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kandahar (kota)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="カンダハール – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カンダハール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ყანდაარი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყანდაარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಂದಹಾರ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಂದಹಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B8%EB%8B%A4%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4" title="칸다하르 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칸다하르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандагар – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кандагар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candaharia" title="Candaharia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Candaharia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandaharas" title="Kandaharas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kandaharas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandah%C4%81ra" title="Kandahāra – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kandahāra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандахар – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кандахар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="കന്ദഹാർ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കന്ദഹാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандахар – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кандахар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कंदहार – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कंदहार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကန်ဒါဟာမြို့ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကန်ဒါဟာမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قندهار – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قندهار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कन्दहार – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कन्दहार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar_(stad)" title="Kandahar (stad) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kandahar (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандагар – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кандагар" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੰਧਾਰ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਧਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قندھار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قندھار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کندهار – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کندهار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candaar" title="Candaar – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Candaar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандагар – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кандагар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱦᱟᱨ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱱᱫᱟᱦᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%DA%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قنڌار – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قنڌار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandah%C3%A1r" title="Kandahár – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kandahár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандахар – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кандахар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காந்தாரம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காந்தாரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Қандаҳор – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қандаҳор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กันดะฮาร์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กันดะฮาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandehar" title="Kandehar – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kandehar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Кандаһар (шәһәр) – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кандаһар (шәһәр)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандагар – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кандагар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قندھار – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قندھار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qandahor" title="Qandahor – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qandahor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kandahar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%88" title="坎大哈 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="坎大哈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ყანდაარი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყანდაარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%88" title="坎大哈 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="坎大哈" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kandahar"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kandahar&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Kandahar_(ville)" hreflang="fr"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45604" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="noprint"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/31.617/65.717/fr" data-zoom="9" data-lat="31.617" data-lon="65.717" data-overlays="["_cee91f7313d88345715a8a59bcf85851499bbc7b"]">31° 37′ 01″ nord, 65° 43′ 01″ est</a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Kandahar_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kandahar (homonymie)">Kandahar (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Paronymie" title="Aide:Paronymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur la paronymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cet article possède un <a href="/wiki/Paronymie" title="Paronymie">paronyme</a>, voir <a href="/wiki/Gandahar" title="Gandahar">Gandahar</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete entete map" style="background-color:#DDFFDD;color:black;">Kandahar <br /><small>کندهار (<a href="/wiki/Pachto" title="Pachto">pachto</a>) <span class="nowrap">•</span> قندهار (<a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">dari</a>)</small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="background-color:Gray;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:280px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:Gray;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Aerial_photograph_of_Helmand_River_at_Gereshk_in_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vue aérienne proche de Kandahar"><img alt="Vue aérienne proche de Kandahar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Aerial_photograph_of_Helmand_River_at_Gereshk_in_2011.jpg/139px-Aerial_photograph_of_Helmand_River_at_Gereshk_in_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Aerial_photograph_of_Helmand_River_at_Gereshk_in_2011.jpg/209px-Aerial_photograph_of_Helmand_River_at_Gereshk_in_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Aerial_photograph_of_Helmand_River_at_Gereshk_in_2011.jpg/278px-Aerial_photograph_of_Helmand_River_at_Gereshk_in_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1848" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Aerial_view_of_a_section_of_Kandahar_in_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vue aérienne de Kandahar"><img alt="Vue aérienne de Kandahar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aerial_view_of_a_section_of_Kandahar_in_2013.jpg/139px-Aerial_view_of_a_section_of_Kandahar_in_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aerial_view_of_a_section_of_Kandahar_in_2013.jpg/209px-Aerial_view_of_a_section_of_Kandahar_in_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aerial_view_of_a_section_of_Kandahar_in_2013.jpg/278px-Aerial_view_of_a_section_of_Kandahar_in_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Gray;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Aerial_view_of_Kandahar_Airport_in_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aéroport international de Kandahar"><img alt="Aéroport international de Kandahar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Aerial_view_of_Kandahar_Airport_in_2005.jpg/139px-Aerial_view_of_Kandahar_Airport_in_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Aerial_view_of_Kandahar_Airport_in_2005.jpg/209px-Aerial_view_of_Kandahar_Airport_in_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Aerial_view_of_Kandahar_Airport_in_2005.jpg/278px-Aerial_view_of_Kandahar_Airport_in_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:View_of_Arghandab_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La vallée d'Arghandab"><img alt="La vallée d'Arghandab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/View_of_Arghandab_Valley.jpg/139px-View_of_Arghandab_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/View_of_Arghandab_Valley.jpg/209px-View_of_Arghandab_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/View_of_Arghandab_Valley.jpg/278px-View_of_Arghandab_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Gray;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Mausoleum_of_Baba_Wali_in_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mausolée de Baba Wali"><img alt="Mausolée de Baba Wali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mausoleum_of_Baba_Wali_in_2011.jpg/139px-Mausoleum_of_Baba_Wali_in_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mausoleum_of_Baba_Wali_in_2011.jpg/209px-Mausoleum_of_Baba_Wali_in_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mausoleum_of_Baba_Wali_in_2011.jpg/278px-Mausoleum_of_Baba_Wali_in_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:KandaharMosque02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mausolée de Mirwais Hotak"><img alt="Mausolée de Mirwais Hotak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/KandaharMosque02.JPG/139px-KandaharMosque02.JPG" decoding="async" width="139" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/KandaharMosque02.JPG/209px-KandaharMosque02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/KandaharMosque02.JPG/278px-KandaharMosque02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1685" data-file-height="1124" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Gray;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Mosque_in_Kandahar-2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mausolée d'Ahmad Shah Durrani"><img alt="Mausolée d'Ahmad Shah Durrani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mosque_in_Kandahar-2011.jpg/139px-Mosque_in_Kandahar-2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mosque_in_Kandahar-2011.jpg/209px-Mosque_in_Kandahar-2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mosque_in_Kandahar-2011.jpg/278px-Mosque_in_Kandahar-2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Governor%27s_courtyard_in_Kandahar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palais du Gouverneur"><img alt="Palais du Gouverneur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Governor%27s_courtyard_in_Kandahar.jpg/139px-Governor%27s_courtyard_in_Kandahar.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Governor%27s_courtyard_in_Kandahar.jpg/209px-Governor%27s_courtyard_in_Kandahar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Governor%27s_courtyard_in_Kandahar.jpg/278px-Governor%27s_courtyard_in_Kandahar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Administration</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_du_monde" title="Liste des pays du monde">Pays</a> </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Afghanistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Afghanistan"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Province_de_l%27Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Province de l'Afghanistan">Province</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kandahar_(province)" title="Kandahar (province)">Kandahar</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Démographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Recensement_de_la_population" title="Recensement de la population">Population</a> </th> <td>557 118 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant">hab.</abbr> <small>(est. 2015<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>)</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align: bottom"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_population" title="Densité de population">Densité</a></th> <td>2 041 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant par kilomètre carré">hab./km<sup>2</sup></abbr></td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Géographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques" title="Coordonnées géographiques">Coordonnées</a> </th><td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/31.617/65.717/fr" data-zoom="9" data-lat="31.617" data-lon="65.717" data-overlays="["_cee91f7313d88345715a8a59bcf85851499bbc7b"]">31° 37′ 01″ nord, 65° 43′ 01″ est</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Aire_(g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie)#Superficie" title="Aire (géométrie)">Superficie</a> </th> <td><span title="273 000 000 m² ou 273 km²" style="cursor:help">27 300</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="hectare">ha</abbr> = 273 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#DDFFDD; color:#000000">Localisation</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div class="img_toggle" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Afghanistan_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte topographique d'Afghanistan"><img alt="Voir sur la carte topographique d'Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/280px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/420px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/560px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(73.295918367346% - 8px);left:calc(37.366013071895% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/16px-City_locator_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/24px-City_locator_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/32px-City_locator_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:90%;bottom:calc(100% - 73.295918367346% + 0.5em);left:calc(37.366013071895% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Kandahar</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div class="geobox"> <div><small>Géolocalisation sur la carte : <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></small></div> <table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Afghanistan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voir sur la carte administrative d'Afghanistan"><img alt="Voir sur la carte administrative d'Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Afghanistan_location_map.svg/280px-Afghanistan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Afghanistan_location_map.svg/420px-Afghanistan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Afghanistan_location_map.svg/560px-Afghanistan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute;top:calc(73.295918367346% - 8px);left:calc(37.366013071895% - 8px);line-height:0;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:City_locator_14.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/16px-City_locator_14.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/24px-City_locator_14.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/City_locator_14.svg/32px-City_locator_14.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div style="position:absolute;font-size:90%;bottom:calc(100% - 73.295918367346% + 0.5em);left:calc(37.366013071895% + 0.5em);text-align:left;"><span class="toponyme">Kandahar</span></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:left;"><div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #DDFFDD solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Ville_d%27Afghanistan" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kandahar</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Pachto" title="Pachto">pachto</a> : <span class="lang-ps" lang="ps" dir="rtl">کندهار</span> / <i>Kandahār</i>) ou <b>Qandahar</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">dari</a> : <span class="lang-prs" lang="prs" dir="rtl">قندهار</span> / <i>Qandahār</i>) est une ville du sud de l'<a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, ancienne capitale impériale, capitale de la <a href="/wiki/Kandahar_(province)" title="Kandahar (province)">province de Kandahar</a>. La province compte 1 151 100 habitants et la ville 491 500 habitants en 2012<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Située à proximité de l'<a href="/wiki/Arghandab_(rivi%C3%A8re)" title="Arghandab (rivière)">Arghandab</a> qui lui fournit l'eau en abondance, c'est la deuxième ville d'Afghanistan par le nombre d'habitants, après <a href="/wiki/Kaboul" title="Kaboul">Kaboul</a>. </p><p>Kandahar possède un aéroport international et est situé à la croisée de routes importantes. Avec <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, Kandahar est la ville principale de l'ethnie des <a href="/wiki/Pachtounes" title="Pachtounes">Pachtounes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span>Étymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Étymologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence." style="cursor:help;">Le nom pourrait provenir de celui de son supposé fondateur, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre le Grand</a>, <i>Eskandar</i> en <a href="/wiki/Persan" title="Persan">persan</a>.</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kandahar a été fondée près de l'emplacement de la ville antique de Mundigak (établie aux environs de <a href="/wiki/-3000" class="mw-redirect" title="-3000">3000 av. J.-C.</a>). Le <a href="/wiki/Vieux_Kandahar" title="Vieux Kandahar">Vieux Kandahar</a> était occupé à l'époque de l'empire achéménide (v. <a href="/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="Ve siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> – <a href="/wiki/IVe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="IVe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> siècle <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>), des fragments de tablettes cunéiformes de cette période ayant été mise au jour sur place ; une ville appelée <i>Kandarash</i> apparaît dans des textes de la période, ce qui pourrait correspondre à une forme ancienne de Kandahar<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La ville a souvent été un objectif de conquête à cause de sa position stratégique en <a href="/wiki/Asie_centrale" title="Asie centrale">Asie centrale</a>. Elle est souvent identifiée avec une fondation d'Alexandre le grand mentionnée dans plusieurs sources antiques, <i>Ville d'Alexandre</i> ou <i>Alexandropolis</i>, ou <i><a href="/wiki/Alexandrie_d%27Arachosie" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrie d'Arachosie">Alexandrie d'Arachosie</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-WDL_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, d'après le nom de la province antique, mais il n'y a aucune certitude à ce propos<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Par la suite, elle a été contrôlée par l'empereur indien <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>, qui a laissé un de ses édits à proximité de la ville, et le roi <a href="/wiki/Kouchans" title="Kouchans">kouchan</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanishka_Ier" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanishka Ier">Kanishka <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a>. </p><p>Plus tard, Kandahar a été conquise par différents envahisseurs : les <a href="/wiki/Arabes" title="Arabes">Arabes</a> au <abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, les <a href="/wiki/Peuples_turcs" class="mw-redirect" title="Peuples turcs">Turcs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghazn%C3%A9vides" title="Ghaznévides">Ghaznévides</a> au <abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, <a href="/wiki/Gengis_Khan" title="Gengis Khan">Gengis Khan</a> au <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle puis par <a href="/wiki/Tamerlan" title="Tamerlan">Tamerlan</a> en <a href="/wiki/1383" title="1383">1383</a><sup id="cite_ref-La_Besse_Kotoff_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_Besse_Kotoff-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2bur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bâbur">Bâbur</a>, le fondateur de l'<a href="/wiki/Empire_moghol" title="Empire moghol">Empire moghol</a>, réintègre Kandahar à l'Inde au <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. Son fils, <a href="/wiki/Humayun" class="mw-redirect" title="Humayun">Humayun</a>, perd la ville au profit du <a href="/wiki/Chah" title="Chah">shah</a> de <a href="/wiki/Empire_perse" title="Empire perse">Perse</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Ier_le_Grand" title="Abbas Ier le Grand">Abbas Ier</a> en 1622<sup id="cite_ref-La_Besse_Kotoff_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_Besse_Kotoff-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:AsokaKandahar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/220px-AsokaKandahar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/330px-AsokaKandahar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/AsokaKandahar.jpg/440px-AsokaKandahar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>L'<a href="/wiki/Inscription_bilingue_de_Kandahar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inscription bilingue de Kandahar">inscription bilingue de Kandahar</a>, l'un des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dits_d%27Ashoka" title="Édits d'Ashoka">Édits d'Ashoka</a>, en grec et en araméen, Kandahar.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XVIIIe_siècle"><span id="XVIIIe_si.C3.A8cle"></span><abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : XVIIIe siècle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : XVIIIe siècle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le fils de Humayun, <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a>, reprend le contrôle de Kandahar et <a href="/wiki/Kaboul" title="Kaboul">Kaboul</a>, mais les empereurs moghols suivants(sauf Aurangzeb, son commandant l’avait récupéré) perdent le territoire. Il est tombé dans les mains afghanes en <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a> quand <a href="/wiki/Mirwais_Khan_Hotak" title="Mirwais Khan Hotak">Mirwais</a> conquit la ville. Entre <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a> à <a href="/wiki/1747" title="1747">1747</a>, la ville était aux mains du shâh de Perse <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A2dir_Sh%C3%A2h" class="mw-redirect" title="Nâdir Shâh">Nâdir Shâh</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sh%C3%A2h" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Shâh">Ahmad Shâh</a>, le fondateur de l'<a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, a pris la ville en 1747 et en a fait la capitale de son nouveau royaume en <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>. La vieille ville a été créée par Ahmad Shah et est dominée par son mausolée. Pourtant dans les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1780" title="Années 1780">années 1780</a>, la capitale a été transférée à <a href="/wiki/Kaboul" title="Kaboul">Kaboul</a> à cause de mésententes tribales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XIXe_siècle"><span id="XIXe_si.C3.A8cle"></span><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : XIXe siècle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : XIXe siècle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kandahar a toujours été un centre d'activité du <a href="/wiki/Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihad">jihad</a> et des <a href="/wiki/Moudjahiddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moudjahiddin">moudjahiddin</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1826" title="1826">1826</a>, les armées de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syed_Ahmad_Shaheed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syed Ahmad Shaheed (page inexistante)">Syed Ahmad Shaheed</a> ont atteint Kandahar à la conquête de <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>. Leur objectif était de faire le jihad contre le régime oppressif <a href="/wiki/Sikh" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> de <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a>, et en quelques jours plus de 400 Kandaharis se sont présentés de leur propre initiative, parmi lesquels 270 d'entre eux ont été choisis. Syed Deen Muhammad Qandahari a été nommé leur chef. </p><p>Les forces britanniques ont occupé la ville pendant la première guerre anglo-afghane (<a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>-<a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a>) et de <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a> à <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XXe_siècle"><span id="XXe_si.C3.A8cle"></span><abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : XXe siècle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : XXe siècle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendant l'invasion <a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">soviétique</a> de <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> à <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, Kandahar était sous la tutelle soviétique. Mais la région était restée un bastion des moudjahidins malgré de nombreuses offensives lancées en vue de les chasser. </p><p>Après le retrait de l'<a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_rouge" title="Armée rouge">Armée rouge</a>, il a changé de mains plusieurs fois. </p><p>C'est vers la fin <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> que les <a href="/wiki/Taliban" class="mw-redirect" title="Taliban">talibans</a> sont apparus dans la ville et en ont fait un point de départ pour conquérir le sud, l'est et le centre du pays. La ville est toujours le site « spirituel » du mouvement. Au nord de la ville, à l'entrée de la <a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_d%27Arghandab" title="Vallée d'Arghandab">vallée d'Arghandab</a>, se trouvait la résidence du <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Omar" title="Mohammad Omar">mollah Omar</a>, non loin d'un célèbre rocher en forme d'éléphant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XXIe_siècle"><span id="XXIe_si.C3.A8cle"></span><abbr class="abbr" title="21ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XXI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : XXIe siècle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : XXIe siècle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Kandahar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kandahar.jpg/220px-Kandahar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kandahar.jpg/330px-Kandahar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kandahar.jpg/440px-Kandahar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Vue de l'aéroport de Kandahar.</figcaption></figure> <p>La ville de Kandahar accueille à partir de début <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> un contingent canadien de la <a href="/wiki/Force_internationale_d%27assistance_et_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Force internationale d'assistance et de sécurité">Force internationale d'assistance et de sécurité</a> (ISAF) situé à l'aéroport de la ville. Depuis <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>, un contingent français de l'ISAF se trouve aussi sur le même site que ses homologues canadiens. </p><p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-08-13" data-sort-value="2021-08-13">13 août 2021</time>, les <a href="/wiki/Taliban" class="mw-redirect" title="Taliban">talibans</a> s'emparent de la ville de Kandahar. C'est la treizième capitale provinciale contrôlée par les talibans depuis le début de <a href="/wiki/Offensive_des_talibans_de_2021" title="Offensive des talibans de 2021">leur offensive</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_populaire">Culture populaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Culture populaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Culture populaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La ville est le lieu de la nouvelle <i>Les Amants de Kandahar</i> de <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Arthur_de_Gobineau" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Arthur de Gobineau">Joseph Arthur de Gobineau</a>. </p><p>Le groupe canadien <a href="/wiki/Creature_(groupe_canadien)" title="Creature (groupe canadien)">Creature</a> a chanté une chanson intitulée <i>Kandahar</i> sur son premier album <i>No sleep at all</i>, sortie en 2009. </p><p>La ville, ou plutôt son marché, a été adaptée pour le jeu <i><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor_(jeu_vid%C3%A9o,_2010)" title="Medal of Honor (jeu vidéo, 2010)"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Medal of Honor</span></a></i> sorti en 2010. </p><p>Un film nommé <a href="/wiki/Kandahar_(film,_2023)" title="Kandahar (film, 2023)">Kandahar</a> est sorti en 2023, réalisé par <a href="/wiki/Ric_Roman_Waugh" title="Ric Roman Waugh">Ric Roman Waugh</a> avec <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Butler" title="Gerard Butler">Gerard Butler</a> dans le rôle principal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnalités"><span id="Personnalit.C3.A9s"></span>Personnalités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Personnalités" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnalités"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malina_Suliman" title="Malina Suliman">Malina Suliman</a>, graffeuse et peintre née à Kandahar en 1990.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Annexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">State of Afghan Cities 2015 : CSO et hypothèse haute selon recensement des habitations</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Kandahar(1).pdf">[1]</a>, <i>Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook 2012/2013</i>, Central Statistics Office.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2015"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Matthew W. Stolper et Michael T. Fisher, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en"> Achaemenid Administrative Tablets 3: Fragments from Old Kandahar, Afghanistan </cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">ARTA: Achaemenid Research on Texts and Archaeology</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 001,‎ <time>2015</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1–27</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achemenet.com/document/ARTA_2015.001-Fisher-Stolper.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%C2%A0Achaemenid+Administrative+Tablets+3%3A+Fragments+from+Old+Kandahar%2C+Afghanistan%C2%A0&rft.jtitle=ARTA%3A+Achaemenid+Research+on+Texts+and+Archaeology&rft.issue=001&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=1%E2%80%9327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AKandahar"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-WDL_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1833">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/fr/item/11738/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">L'empire et les expéditions d'Alexandre le Grand</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></span>, <time>1833</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-07-26" data-sort-value="2013-07-26">26 juillet 2013</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="de_Planhol2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Xavier_de_Planhol2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Xavier de Planhol, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kandahar-historical-geography-to-1979"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Kandahar i. Historical Geography to 1979</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Encyclopaedia Iranica</span>, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-02-22" data-sort-value="2018-02-22">22 février 2018</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-La_Besse_Kotoff-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-La_Besse_Kotoff_6-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-La_Besse_Kotoff_6-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="La_Besse_Kotoff2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_La_Besse_Kotoff2021">Jacques La Besse Kotoff, <cite class="italique">Itinéraire de Moscou à Ispahan par Fédot Afanassiévitch Kotov, 1623</cite>, Paris, L'Harmattan, <time>2021</time>, Illustrations, 122 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-343-22189-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-343-22189-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-343-22189-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/livre-itineraire_de_moscou_a_ispahan_par_fedot_afanassievitch_kotov_1624-9782343221892-68276.html">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, p.72<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Itin%C3%A9raire+de+Moscou+%C3%A0+Ispahan+par+F%C3%A9dot+Afanassi%C3%A9vitch+Kotov%2C+1623&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.au=Jacques+La+Besse+Kotoff&rft.date=2021&rft.pages=p.72&rft.tpages=Illustrations%2C+122&rft.isbn=978-2-343-22189-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AKandahar"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/08/kandahar-city-falls-to-the-taliban.php">Kandahar City falls to the Taliban</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kandahar?uselang=fr">Kandahar</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kandahar" class="extiw" title="wikt:Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="2010">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kandahar"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Kandahar</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Encyclopaedia Iranica</span>, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-02-22" data-sort-value="2018-02-22">22 février 2018</time>)</small></span></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gandhara.com.au/afghan_table.html">Histoire de Gandhara</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><cite class="ouvrage" id="site_officiel" style="font-style: normal;"><span class="wd_p856"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kandahar.gov.af">Site officiel</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45604?uselang=fr#P856" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></cite></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la musique<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45604?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a8809616-2bd6-401a-b348-cea47df47697"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">MusicBrainz</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45604?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kandahar"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Kandahar/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0053473.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/ville/wd/126510"><i>Larousse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/kandahar"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Kandahar"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/kandahar/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45604?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/134903120">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15321973q">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15321973q">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/158141245">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83042981">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4109990-4">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536659905171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ge307111">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n83-042981">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Afghanistan" title="Portail de l’Afghanistan"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png/32px-Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png/47px-Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png/63px-Afghanistan_provinces_blue.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1954" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Afghanistan" title="Portail:Afghanistan">Portail de l’Afghanistan</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monde_arabo-musulman" title="Portail du monde arabo-musulman"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/IslamSymbol.PNG/23px-IslamSymbol.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/IslamSymbol.PNG/34px-IslamSymbol.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/IslamSymbol.PNG/46px-IslamSymbol.PNG 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="278" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monde_arabo-musulman" title="Portail:Monde arabo-musulman">Portail du monde arabo-musulman</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&oldid=217079442">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kandahar&oldid=217079442</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Kandahar" title="Catégorie:Kandahar">Kandahar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Route_de_la_soie" title="Catégorie:Route de la soie">Route de la soie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Ville_en_Afghanistan" title="Catégorie:Ville en Afghanistan">Ville en Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Ville_fond%C3%A9e_par_Alexandre_le_Grand" title="Catégorie:Ville fondée par Alexandre le Grand">Ville fondée par Alexandre le Grand</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_avec_coordonn%C3%A9es_similaires_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata">Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_g%C3%A9olocalis%C3%A9_en_Afghanistan" title="Catégorie:Article géolocalisé en Afghanistan">Article géolocalisé en Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_g%C3%A9olocalis%C3%A9_sur_Terre" title="Catégorie:Article géolocalisé sur Terre">Article géolocalisé sur Terre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_%C3%A0_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Catégorie:Article à référence nécessaire">Article à référence nécessaire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P856" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P856">Page utilisant P856</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P982" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P982">Page utilisant P982</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes" title="Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases externes">Page pointant vers des bases externes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_relatives_%C3%A0_la_musique" title="Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la musique">Page pointant vers des bases relatives à la musique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1417" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P1417">Page utilisant P1417</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P8313" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P8313">Page utilisant P8313</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1296" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P1296">Page utilisant P1296</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P6058" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P6058">Page utilisant P6058</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P3222" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P3222">Page utilisant P3222</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P4342" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P4342">Page utilisant P4342</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P3219" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P3219">Page utilisant P3219</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_dictionnaires_ou_encyclop%C3%A9dies_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralistes" title="Catégorie:Page pointant vers des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes">Page pointant vers des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_avec_notice_d%27autorit%C3%A9" title="Catégorie:Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité">Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Afghanistan/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Afghanistan/Articles liés">Portail:Afghanistan/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Asie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Asie/Articles liés">Portail:Asie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Monde_arabo-musulman/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Monde arabo-musulman/Articles liés">Portail:Monde arabo-musulman/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_avec_des_cartes" title="Catégorie:Page avec des cartes">Page avec des cartes</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 24 juillet 2024 à 21:41.</li> 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