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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ordbakgrunn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordbakgrunn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ordbakgrunn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordbakgrunn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feiring_av_Yule_i_moderne_tid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feiring_av_Yule_i_moderne_tid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Feiring av Yule i moderne tid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feiring_av_Yule_i_moderne_tid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yule</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 46 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jul_(f%C3%B6rkristen)" title="Jul (förkristen) – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jul (förkristen)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joelfees" title="Joelfees – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Joelfees" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%93ol" title="Gēol – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gēol" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ёль – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ёль – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festes_de_Jul" title="Festes de Jul – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Festes de Jul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jule" title="Jule – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jule" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julfest" title="Julfest – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Julfest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hjala_rahvaste_j%C3%B5ulud" title="Põhjala rahvaste jõulud – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhjala rahvaste jõulud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julo" title="Julo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Julo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84" title="یول – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festas_de_J%C3%B3l" title="Festas de Jól – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Festas de Jól" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A8_(%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C)" title="율 (게르만) – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="율 (게르만)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C_(%D7%97%D7%92)" title="יול (חג) – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יול (חג)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festum_Iulium" title="Festum Iulium – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Festum Iulium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julfest" title="Julfest – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Julfest" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jol%C4%97" title="Jolė – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jolė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jul" title="Jul – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Jul" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jul" title="Jul – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jul" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joelfeest" title="Joelfeest – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joelfeest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juul" title="Juul – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Juul" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ユール – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festas_de_Jul" title="Festas de Jul – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Festas de Jul" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juulfest" title="Juulfest – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Juulfest" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jul" title="Jul – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jul" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Йоль – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йоль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuil" title="Yuil – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yuil" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panahon_ng_Yule" title="Panahon ng Yule – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panahon ng Yule" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule" title="Yule – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yule" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Йоль – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E7%AF%80" title="耶魯節 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="耶魯節" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211945#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Yule" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yule"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Yule"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Yule" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Yule" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&oldid=24829920" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Yule&id=24829920&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYule"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYule"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Yule&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yule" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211945" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chambers_Yule_Log.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chambers_Yule_Log.png/250px-Chambers_Yule_Log.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chambers_Yule_Log.png/375px-Chambers_Yule_Log.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chambers_Yule_Log.png/500px-Chambers_Yule_Log.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1541" /></a><figcaption>Engelsk illustrasjon fra 1832 som viser innhenting av <i><a href="/wiki/Yule_log" class="mw-redirect" title="Yule log">yule log</a></i> («juleved»), en stor, hard stokk eller et vedtre som brennes i <a href="/wiki/Peis" title="Peis">peisen</a> som del av tradisjonell <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julefeiring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julefeiring (ikke skrevet ennå)">julefeiring</a> i flere europeiske land. Skikken kan knyttes til festen omkring <a href="/wiki/Vintersolverv" class="mw-redirect" title="Vintersolverv">vintersolverv</a> eller de tolv <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juledagene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juledagene (ikke skrevet ennå)">juledagene</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Yule</b> er det <a href="/wiki/Gammelengelsk" title="Gammelengelsk">gammelengelske</a> ordet for <a href="/wiki/Jul" title="Jul">jul</a>, det vil si markeringa av <a href="/wiki/Vintersolverv" class="mw-redirect" title="Vintersolverv">vintersolverv</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Objektivitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Objektivitet"><span title="En av flere hypoteser?">omstridt</span></a> <span class="metadata"> – <a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Yule#En_av_flere_hypoteser?" title="Diskusjon:Yule">diskuter</a></span></i>]</sup> høytida da folk feiret at <a href="/wiki/Sola" title="Sola">sola</a> og lyset ble <a href="/wiki/Gjenf%C3%B8delse" title="Gjenfødelse">gjenfødt</a>. Yule kan vise til <a href="/wiki/Juledag" class="mw-redirect" title="Juledag">juledagen</a> eller til hele <a href="/wiki/Juleh%C3%B8ytida" class="mw-redirect" title="Julehøytida">julehøytida</a> på tolv dager. I dag knyttes ordet blant annet til <a href="/wiki/Nyhedensk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyhedensk">nyhedensk</a> midtvinter-feiring <a href="/wiki/21._desember" title="21. desember">21. desember</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordbakgrunn">Ordbakgrunn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ordbakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ordbakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>«Yule» tilsvarer det skandinaviske «jul», og er ikke helt forsvunnet i engelsk. I engelsk inngår det blant annet i uttrykket «yuletide» (juletid) og «yule-log» (julestokk).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er trolig et lånord fra skandinavisk<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ordet er i to varianter også lånt til finsk<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Ordets opphav er usikkert og omdiskutert. Yule ble opprinnelig (i førkristen tid) brukt som navn på midtvinteren, trolig fra sent november til og med første del av januar. En annen hypotese er at Yule var en germansk fest avholdt ved <a href="/wiki/Vintersolhverv" class="mw-redirect" title="Vintersolhverv">vintersolhverv</a>. Den germanske/nordeuropeiske festen i desember var en feiring av livet og ønske om gode avlinger i kommende år.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Festen skulle også minnes de døde.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brenning av julestokk var en vanlig og trolig svært gammel skikk i mange europeiske land. Det var en lang stokk, 3-4 meter, som ble lagt med ene enden i grua (peisen) og dyttet lengre og lengre inn etter hvert som den brant opp. Når stokken var oppbrent, var julen over ifølge tradisjonen. Da det ble færre åpne ildsteder på 1800-tallet forsvant skikken. I Frankrike har ordet overlevd som navn på julekaken <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BBche_de_No%C3%ABl" title="Bûche de Noël">Bûche de Noël</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det antas å være yngre variant av ordet <i>géol</i>, det <a href="/wiki/Gammelengelsk" title="Gammelengelsk">gammelengelske</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gammelengelsk" title="Gammelengelsk">angelsaksiske</a> ordet for jul.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Andre kilder antar at ordet er beslektet med «wheel» («hiual», «huul») der hjul symboliserer solen i en del språk.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En eldre germansk form har vært rekonstruert som *<i>jehwla</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eller førgermansk <i>*jaul-</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> trolig en hedensk vinterfest. På 300-tallet finnes ordet <i>jiuleis</i> i <a href="/wiki/Wulfila" title="Wulfila">Wulfilas</a> bibel med betydningen julemåneden.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ifølge <a href="/wiki/Vera_Henriksen" title="Vera Henriksen">Vera Henriksen</a> kan den førkristne vinterfesten også ha vært relatert til <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> som også hadde navnet «Jolnir».<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ordet er i stor grad blitt erstattet av <i>Christmas</i> («Kristus-messe») på engelsk, men overlevde lenge i nordbritiske <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a>, og blir fortsatt brukt i visse sammenhenger. Yule kan vise til juledagen eller hele julehøytida. På gammelengelsk kunne ordet også vise til månedene som tilsvarte romernes <a href="/wiki/Desember" title="Desember">desember</a> (<i>se ǽrra geóla</i>) og <a href="/wiki/Januar" title="Januar">januar</a> (<i>se æftera geóla</i>). </p><p>Ordet <i>yule</i> tilsvarer <i>jól</i> i det <a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%B8n" title="Norrøn">norrøne</a> <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3lablot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jólablot">Jólablot</a></i> og det moderne norske <i>jul</i>. På <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a> brukes ordet <i>Julfest</i> om den hedenske, nordeuropeiske vintersolvervsfesten. Jul kalles for øvrig <i>joulu</i> på <a href="/wiki/Finsk" title="Finsk">finsk</a>, <i>jõulud</i> på <a href="/wiki/Estisk" title="Estisk">estisk</a> og <i>Jül</i> eller <i>Jööl</i> på <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B6lring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sölring (ikke skrevet ennå)">sölring</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Nordfrisisk" title="Nordfrisisk">nordfrisisk</a> dialekt på øya <a href="/wiki/Sylt" title="Sylt">Sylt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feiring_av_Yule_i_moderne_tid">Feiring av Yule i moderne tid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Feiring av Yule i moderne tid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Feiring av Yule i moderne tid"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etter innføringen av <a href="/wiki/Kristendommen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristendommen">kristendommen</a> i store deler av Sør-Europa, lyktes det ikke for <a href="/wiki/Den_katolske_kirke" title="Den katolske kirke">kirken</a> å få folk til å holde opp med å feire de gamle <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8ytid" title="Høytid">høytidene</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Det_romerske_riket" class="mw-redirect" title="Det romerske riket">det romerske riket</a> ble midtvinterfesten kalt <a href="/wiki/Saturnalia" title="Saturnalia">Saturnalia</a>, og ble av kirken regnet som den mest <a href="/wiki/Hedensk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedensk">hedenske</a> av feiringene. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesu_f%C3%B8dselstidspunkt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesu fødselstidspunkt (ikke skrevet ennå)">Jesu fødselstidspunkt</a> hadde lenge vært debattert, og i det fjerde århundret besluttet kirken at Saturnalia skulle være en kristen høytid, og at Jesu fødselsdag fra da av skulle regnes til <a href="/wiki/25._desember" title="25. desember">25. desember</a>. Det samme kom til å gjelde i Nord-Europa. Jul er dermed egentlig en hedensk høytid. Det kristne julebudskapet har klare paralleller til den tidligere feiringen av solens og lysets tilbakekomst, noe som trolig har lettet overgangen fra hedensk til kristen tradisjon. Andre skikker fra den hedenske feiringen som er beholdt i den moderne feiringen av jul, er blant annet <a href="/wiki/Julebukk" title="Julebukk">julebukken</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julerot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julerot (ikke skrevet ennå)">juleroten</a>. <a href="/wiki/Juletre" title="Juletre">Juletreet</a> er en skikk som har kommet til i nyere tid, men har opphav i andre hedenske skikker. </p><p>Den hedenske høytiden Yule blir i moderne tid feiret og forsøkt gjenskapt av <a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">neopaganister</a>, blant annet av tilhengere av <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a>. Yule knyttes i den sammenheng vanligvis til starten på Gudens, det maskuline aspektets, reise gjennom året, det tidspunktet hvor Gudinnen føder det nye årets Gud. Guden sees i form av et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyf%C3%B8dt_barn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyfødt barn (ikke skrevet ennå)">nyfødt barn</a>. Gjennom våren vokser barnet til ungdom som leker i skogene, og som beiler til den unge Gudinnen. Ved <a href="/wiki/Sommersolverv" class="mw-redirect" title="Sommersolverv">sommersolverv</a> tar Guden ansvar for landet, og blir da sett som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_gr%C3%B8nne_mann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den grønne mann (ikke skrevet ennå)">Den grønne mann</a>, eller i skikkelsen av andre voksne <a href="/wiki/Solgud" title="Solgud">solguder</a>. Han blir hugget ned som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornkongen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornkongen (ikke skrevet ennå)">kornkongen</a> ved innhøstningen, gjennomgår sine prøvelser, utfører sine <a href="/wiki/Helt" title="Helt">heltedåder</a> og konfronterer sine demoner i <a href="/wiki/Underverdenen" class="mw-redirect" title="Underverdenen">underverdenen</a>, for til slutt å gjenforenes med Gudinnen ved <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8stjevnd%C3%B8gn" class="mw-redirect" title="Høstjevndøgn">høstjevndøgn</a>. Gudens transformasjonsreise betraktes som <a href="/wiki/Spiral" title="Spiral">spiralformet</a>, og ved enden av solens reise gjennom året er den gamle Guden rede til å transformeres videre til de ytre sfærer, og gir samtidig plass til at det neste årets Gud kan bli født.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3lablot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jólablot">Jólablot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jul" title="Jul">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintersolverv" class="mw-redirect" title="Vintersolverv">Vintersolverv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre#Torreblot" title="Torre">Torreblot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturnalia" title="Saturnalia">Saturnalia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:3-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Berg, Knut Anders (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007112201023"><i>Julen i norsk og utenlandsk tradisjon</i></a>. Oslo: Gyldendal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8205217688" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8205217688">8205217688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AYule&rft.au=Berg%2C+Knut+Anders&rft.btitle=Julen+i+norsk+og+utenlandsk+tradisjon&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8205217688&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007112201023&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Caprona, Y. D. (2013). <i>Norsk etymologisk ordbok.</i> Oslo: Kagge Forlag.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rosbach, Johan Hammond (1921-2004) (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010041903103"><i>Levende ord: etymologi for alle</i></a>. Oslo: Aventura. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8258811185" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8258811185">8258811185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AYule&rft.au=Rosbach%2C+Johan+Hammond+%281921-2004%29&rft.btitle=Levende+ord%3A+etymologi+for+alle&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8258811185&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Aventura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2010041903103&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Miles, C. A. (1912). <i>Christmas customs and traditions, their history and significance.</i> New York: Dover.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Henriksen, Vera (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2011102508063"><i>Christmas in Norway: past and present</i></a>. Oslo: Tanum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8251813751" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8251813751">8251813751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AYule&rft.au=Henriksen%2C+Vera&rft.btitle=Christmas+in+Norway%3A+past+and+present&rft.date=1970&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8251813751&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Tanum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2011102508063&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hujer, K. (1945). Christmas and the stars. <i>Popular Astronomy,</i> 53, 486.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jessen, E. (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2009011203017"><i>Dansk etymologisk Ordbog</i></a>. Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AYule&rft.au=Jessen%2C+E.&rft.btitle=Dansk+etymologisk+Ordbog&rft.date=1893&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Kj%C3%B8benhavn&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2009011203017&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vivianne Crowley: <i>Wicca</i>. Thorsons 2001, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780007110223" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780007110223</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yule&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yule" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yule">Yule</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211945?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24790658">.mw-parser-output .spire{clear:both;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-radius:2px;padding:0.325rem;padding-left:3rem;margin:0.5rem 0;font-size:0.8125rem;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Stub_W.svg"),url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Emojione_1F331.svg"),url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Grass_compartment.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:0.5rem center,bottom right 0.5rem,bottom -2.1rem right -4rem;background-size:2rem,1.8rem,10rem;padding-right:3rem;text-align:start}</style> <div class="spire plainlinks">Denne artikkelen er en <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spire" title="Wikipedia:Spire">spire</a></b>. 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