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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leopold Gmelin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 26 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ليوبولد غملين – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليوبولد غملين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ليوبولد جملين – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليوبولد جملين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%82%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لئوپولد قملین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لئوپولد قملین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Леапольд Гмелін – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Леапольд Гмелін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Леополд Гмелин – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Леополд Гмелин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لئوپولد گملین – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لئوپولد گملین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="לאופולד גמלין – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאופולד גמלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D4%B3%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Լեոպոլդ Գմելին – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեոպոլդ Գմելին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="レオポルト・グメリン – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レオポルト・グメリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldus_Gmelin" title="Leopoldus Gmelin – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leopoldus Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Гмелин, Леопольд – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гмелин, Леопольд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Leopold Gmelin – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leopold Gmelin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D2%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Леопольд Ґмелін – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Леопольд Ґмелін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97" title="利奥波德·格梅林 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利奥波德·格梅林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60639#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Leopold_Gmelin" rel="discussion" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Gmelin" class="mw-disambig" title="Gmelin">Gmelin</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:280px"> <div class="entete icon defaut" style="background-color: #EEEEFF;"> <div>Leopold Gmelin</div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Leopold_Gmelin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image Leopold Gmelin.jpg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leopold_Gmelin.jpg/220px-Leopold_Gmelin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leopold_Gmelin.jpg/330px-Leopold_Gmelin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Leopold_Gmelin.jpg/440px-Leopold_Gmelin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="1017" /></a></span> </div><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Naissance</th> <td> <time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1788-08-02" data-sort-value="1788-08-02"><a href="/wiki/2_ao%C3%BBt" title="2 août">2</a> <a href="/wiki/Ao%C3%BBt_1788" title="Août 1788">août</a> <a href="/wiki/1788_en_science" title="1788 en science">1788</a></time><br /><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectorat_de_Brunswick-Lunebourg" title="Électorat de Brunswick-Lunebourg">Électorat de Brunswick-Lunebourg</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Décès</th> <td> <time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1853-04-13" data-sort-value="1853-04-13"><a href="/wiki/13_avril" title="13 avril">13</a> <a href="/wiki/Avril_1853" title="Avril 1853">avril</a> <a href="/wiki/1853_en_science" title="1853 en science">1853</a></time> (à 64 ans)<br /><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand-duch%C3%A9_de_Bade" title="Grand-duché de Bade">Grand-duché de Bade</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Nationalité</th> <td> <span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Hanovre royaume"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du royaume de Hanovre"><img alt="Drapeau du royaume de Hanovre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hanover_1837-1866.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Hanovre" title="Royaume de Hanovre">Royaume de Hanovre</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#DADAFF; height:1px;"></div> <table><caption class="hidden" style="">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Domaines</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">Chimie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Institutions</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Heidelberg" title="Université de Heidelberg">Université de Heidelberg</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Diplôme</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Université de Göttingen">Université de Göttingen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Eberhard_Karl_de_T%C3%BCbingen" title="Université Eberhard Karl de Tübingen">Université de Tübingen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Vienne" title="Université de Vienne">Université de Vienne</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#DADAFF;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Scientifique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p><b>Leopold Gmelin</b>, né le <time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1788-08-02" data-sort-value="1788-08-02"><a href="/wiki/2_ao%C3%BBt" title="2 août">2</a> <a href="/wiki/Ao%C3%BBt_1788" title="Août 1788">août</a> <a href="/wiki/1788_en_science" title="1788 en science">1788</a></time> et mort le <time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1853-04-13" data-sort-value="1853-04-13"><a href="/wiki/13_avril" title="13 avril">13</a> <a href="/wiki/Avril_1853" title="Avril 1853">avril</a> <a href="/wiki/1853_en_science" title="1853 en science">1853</a></time>, est un <a href="/wiki/Chimiste" title="Chimiste">chimiste</a> allemand. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Jakob_Schlesinger_Leopold_Gmelin_1820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jakob_Schlesinger_Leopold_Gmelin_1820.jpg/235px-Jakob_Schlesinger_Leopold_Gmelin_1820.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jakob_Schlesinger_Leopold_Gmelin_1820.jpg/353px-Jakob_Schlesinger_Leopold_Gmelin_1820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Jakob_Schlesinger_Leopold_Gmelin_1820.jpg/470px-Jakob_Schlesinger_Leopold_Gmelin_1820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption>Gmelin et son épouse par <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Schlesinger" title="Jakob Schlesinger">Schlesinger</a>, 1820</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:DBP_1988_1377_Leopold_Gmelin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DBP_1988_1377_Leopold_Gmelin.jpg/235px-DBP_1988_1377_Leopold_Gmelin.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DBP_1988_1377_Leopold_Gmelin.jpg/353px-DBP_1988_1377_Leopold_Gmelin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DBP_1988_1377_Leopold_Gmelin.jpg/470px-DBP_1988_1377_Leopold_Gmelin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Timbre postal allemand avec Gmelin</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Biographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Biographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gmelin est le fils de <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin" title="Johann Friedrich Gmelin">Johann Friedrich Gmelin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1748_en_science" title="1748 en science">1748</a>-<a href="/wiki/1804_en_science" title="1804 en science">1804</a>), naturaliste et chimiste. Il étudie la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decine" title="Médecine">médecine</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie">chimie</a> à <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Université de Göttingen">Göttingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Eberhard_Karl_de_T%C3%BCbingen" title="Université Eberhard Karl de Tübingen">Tübingen</a> et <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Vienne" title="Université de Vienne">Vienne</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1813_en_science" title="1813 en science">1813</a>, il devient professeur-assistant de chimie à l'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Heidelberg" title="Université de Heidelberg">université de Heidelberg</a>, en <a href="/wiki/1814_en_science" title="1814 en science">1814</a> professeur-extraordinaire et en <a href="/wiki/1817_en_science" title="1817 en science">1817</a> professeur-ordinaire de chimie et de médecine. Il a découvert la <a href="/wiki/Taurine" title="Taurine">taurine</a> en 1827 et nommé l'<a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">ester</a>. Il prend sa retraite en <a href="/wiki/1852_en_science" title="1852 en science">1852</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principaux_travaux">Principaux travaux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Principaux travaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Principaux travaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il découvre le <a href="/wiki/Ferrocyanure_de_potassium" title="Ferrocyanure de potassium">ferrocyanure de potassium</a> (<a href="/wiki/1822_en_science" title="1822 en science">1822</a>), l'<a href="/wiki/Acide_croconique" title="Acide croconique">acide croconique</a> (<a href="/wiki/1825_en_science" title="1825 en science">1825</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et introduit les termes « <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">ester</a> » et « <i>ketone</i> » (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9tone" title="Cétone">cétone</a>). </p><p>Il écrit un <i><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gmelin_de_chimie_min%C3%A9rale" title="Manuel Gmelin de chimie minérale">Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie</a></i> qui sera un ouvrage de référence pendant toute la première moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. La première édition publiée entre <a href="/wiki/1817_en_science" title="1817 en science">1817</a> et <a href="/wiki/1819_en_science" title="1819 en science">1819</a> contient trois volumes, et l'ouvrage en contiendra neuf lors de sa quatrième édition publiée entre <a href="/wiki/1843_en_science" title="1843 en science">1843</a> et <a href="/wiki/1855_en_science" title="1855 en science">1855</a>. </p><p>En 1822, le peintre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakob_Roux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakob Roux (page inexistante)">Jakob Roux</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Roux" class="extiw" title="de:Jakob Roux"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand : « Jakob Roux »">(de)</span></a> a fait le portrait de Leopold Gmelin. A l'Institut Gmelin, il existe aussi un buste de Leopold Gmelin du sculpteur <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Daudert" title="Rudolf Daudert">Rudolf Daudert</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Gmelin1852"><span class="ouvrage" id="Leopold_Gmelin1852"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Leopold <span class="nom_auteur">Gmelin</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie : Cohäsion, Adhäsion, Affinität, unwägbare Stoffe und unorganische Verbindungen der nichtmetallischen wägbaren Stoffe</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Winter, <time>1852</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="cinquième">5<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 915 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=WqQ5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pub=Winter&rft.edition=5&rft.stitle=Coh%C3%A4sion%2C+Adh%C3%A4sion%2C+Affinit%C3%A4t%2C+unw%C3%A4gbare+Stoffe+und+unorganische+Verbindungen+der+nichtmetallischen+w%C3%A4gbaren+Stoffe&rft.aulast=Gmelin&rft.aufirst=Leopold&rft.date=1852&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALeopold+Gmelin"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Gmelin1853"><span class="ouvrage" id="Leopold_Gmelin1853"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Leopold <span class="nom_auteur">Gmelin</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie : Leichte Metalle und spröde unedle schwere Metalle</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, Winter, <time>1853</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="cinquième">5<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 847 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=qqQ5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pub=Winter&rft.edition=5&rft.stitle=Leichte+Metalle+und+spr%C3%B6de+unedle+schwere+Metalle&rft.aulast=Gmelin&rft.aufirst=Leopold&rft.date=1853&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALeopold+Gmelin"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Gmelin1853"><span class="ouvrage" id="Leopold_Gmelin1853"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Leopold <span class="nom_auteur">Gmelin</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie : Ductile unedle schwere Metalle und edle Metalle</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3, Winter, <time>1853</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="cinquième">5<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 858 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=3qQ5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pub=Winter&rft.edition=5&rft.stitle=Ductile+unedle+schwere+Metalle+und+edle+Metalle&rft.aulast=Gmelin&rft.aufirst=Leopold&rft.date=1853&rft.volume=3&rft.tpages=858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALeopold+Gmelin"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Hirsch1879"><span class="ouvrage" id="August_Hirsch1879"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/August_Hirsch" title="August Hirsch">August Hirsch</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="de">« <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:ADB:Gmelin,_Leopold" class="extiw" title="de:s:ADB:Gmelin, Leopold">Gmelin, Leopold</a> »</cite>, dans <cite class="italique" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie">Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie</a> <span style="font-style:normal;">(ADB)</span></cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 9, Leipzig, <a href="/wiki/Duncker_%26_Humblot" title="Duncker & Humblot">Duncker & Humblot</a>, <time>1879</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">272-273</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Allgemeine+Deutsche+Biographie+%28ADB%29&rft.atitle=Gmelin%2C+Leopold&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=August&rft.date=1879&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=272-273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALeopold+Gmelin"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Pietsch1964"><span class="ouvrage" id=":Erich_Pietsch1964"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Pietsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Pietsch (page inexistante)">Erich Pietsch</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Pietsch" class="extiw" title="de:Erich Pietsch"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand : « Erich Pietsch »">(de)</span></a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="de">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd118852655.html#ndbcontent">Gmelin, Leopold</a> »</cite>, dans <cite class="italique" lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Neue Deutsche Biographie">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a> (NDB)</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 6, Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Duncker_%26_Humblot" title="Duncker & Humblot">Duncker & Humblot</a>, <time>1964</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">480–481</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Neue+Deutsche+Biographie+%28NDB%29&rft.atitle=Gmelin%2C+Leopold&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.aulast=Pietsch&rft.aufirst=%3AErich&rft.date=1964&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=480%E2%80%93481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALeopold+Gmelin"></span></span></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0001/bsb00016322/images/index.html?seite=494">original numérisé</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BragaMainiGrepioni2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dario_BragaLucia_MainiFabrizia_Grepioni2002"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Dario <span class="nom_auteur">Braga</span>, Lucia <span class="nom_auteur">Maini</span> et Fabrizia <span class="nom_auteur">Grepioni</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Croconic Acid and Alkali Metal Croconate Salts: Some New Insights into an Old Story</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Chemistry:_A_European_Journal" title="Chemistry: A European Journal"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Chem. Eur. J.</span></a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 8, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 8,‎ <time>2002</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1804-1812</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0947-6539">0947-6539</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F1521-3765%2820020415%298%3A8%3C1804%3A%3AAID-CHEM1804%3E3.0.CO%3B2-C">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Croconic+Acid+and+Alkali+Metal+Croconate+Salts%3A+Some+New+Insights+into+an+Old+Story&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Eur.+J.&rft.issue=8&rft.aulast=Braga&rft.aufirst=Dario&rft.au=Maini%2C+Lucia&rft.au=Grepioni%2C+Fabrizia&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=1804-1812&rft.issn=0947-6539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALeopold+Gmelin"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_Gmelin&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin?uselang=fr">Leopold Gmelin</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz57050.html#indexcontent"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="de">Leopold Gmelin</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">deutsche-biographie.de</span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Wöbke1988"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernd_Wöbke1988"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Bernd <span class="nom_auteur">Wöbke</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="de">Das Portrait: Leopold Gmelin (1788-1853)</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Chemie_in_unserer_Zeit" title="Chemie in unserer Zeit"><span class="lang-de" lang="de">Chem. Unserer Zeit</span></a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 22, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 6,‎ <time>1988</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">208-216</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0009-2851">0009-2851</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19880220605">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Das+Portrait%3A+Leopold+Gmelin+%281788-1853%29&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Unserer+Zeit&rft.issue=6&rft.aulast=W%C3%B6bke&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rft.date=1988&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=208-216&rft.issn=0009-2851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALeopold+Gmelin"></span></span></span></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60639?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/64046278">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110674912">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12164033s">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12164033s">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/079076173">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2012186907">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118852655">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PUVV380119">Italie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00407926?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074611763">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810600412805606">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007261708405171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202006134294">NUKAT</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511181006706">Catalogne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_270203">Vatican</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35128916">Australie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90328597">Norvège</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/nlk20000089995">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000161669">Lettonie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2012-186907">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives à la recherche<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60639?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=126355"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Mathematics Genealogy Project</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2219.html"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Who Named It?</i></span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la santé<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60639?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/biographies/index.php?cle=51015">Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de santé</a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60639?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/gmelin-leopold"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Leopold_Gmelin/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118852655.html"><i>Deutsche Biographie</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/leopold-gmelin_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0030283.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=22415"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/leopold-gmelin"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/23769"><i>Proleksis enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Leopold_Gmelin"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/leopold-gmelin"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> 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