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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States_Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>United States Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambassador_to_Great_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambassador_to_Great_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ambassador to Great Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambassador_to_Great_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Secretary of State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Papers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank B. Kellogg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B2_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC" title="فرانك بيلينجز كيلوج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانك بيلينجز كيلوج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenk_Kelloq" title="Frenk Kelloq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frenk Kelloq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%A8%DB%8C._%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="فرانک بی. کلاق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانک بی. کلاق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="ফ্রাঙ্ক বি. কেলোগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রাঙ্ক বি. কেলোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Фрэнк Білінгс Келаг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэнк Білінгс Келаг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Фрэнк Білінгс Кэлаг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фрэнк Білінгс Кэлаг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Франк Билингс Келог – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франк Билингс Келог" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%A8%DB%8C._%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%AF" title="فرانک بی. کلاگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانک بی. کلاگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%AC_%EB%B9%8C%EB%A7%81%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BC%88%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8" title="프랭크 빌링스 켈로그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랭크 빌링스 켈로그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Kellogg" title="Frank Kellogg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frank Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92" title="פרנק קלוג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנק קלוג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ფრენკ ბილინგს კელოგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრენკ ბილინგს კელოგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Billings_Kellogg" title="Franciscus Billings Kellogg – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenks_Kellogs" title="Frenks Kellogs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frenks Kellogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Франк Келог – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франк Келог" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B2_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC" title="فرانك بيلينجز كيلوج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانك بيلينجز كيلوج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0" title="フランク・ケロッグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランク・ケロッグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="فرینک بلنگز کیلوگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرینک بلنگز کیلوگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81" title="Келлог, Фрэнк Биллингс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Келлог, Фрэнк Биллингс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Kellogg" title="Frank Kellogg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frank Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Фрэнк Келлог – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фрэнк Келлог" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Френк Біллінгс Келлог – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Френк Біллінгс Келлог" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="فرینک بلنگز کیلوگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرینک بلنگز کیلوگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Billings_Kellogg" title="Frank Billings Kellogg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frank Billings Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Frank B. Kellogg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="弗兰克·B·凯洛格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗兰克·B·凯洛格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q193009#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Frank B. Kellogg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:FrankKellogg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/FrankKellogg.jpg/220px-FrankKellogg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/FrankKellogg.jpg/330px-FrankKellogg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/FrankKellogg.jpg/440px-FrankKellogg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1294" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Kellogg in 1912</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Associate Judge of the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_International_Justice" title="Permanent Court of International Justice">Permanent Court of International Justice</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 25, 1930<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – September 9, 1935<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles E. Hughes</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manley_Ottmer_Hudson" title="Manley Ottmer Hudson">Manley O. Hudson</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">45th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 5, 1925 – March 28, 1929</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Henry L. Stimson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">39th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 14, 1924 – February 10, 1925</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Brinton_McClellan_Harvey" title="George Brinton McClellan Harvey">George Harvey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alanson_B._Houghton" title="Alanson B. Houghton">Alanson B. Houghton</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1923</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Moses E. Clapp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead">Henrik Shipstead</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">County Attorney of <a href="/wiki/Olmsted_County,_Minnesota" title="Olmsted County, Minnesota">Olmsted County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1882<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – January 1, 1887<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Halfton A. Eckholdt<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-book_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Burt W. Eaton<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">City Attorney of <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1878–1881</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Royal H. Gove<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-list_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">W. Logan Breckenridge<sup id="cite_ref-book_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-list_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Frank Billings Kellogg</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1856-12-22</span>)</span>December 22, 1856<br /><a href="/wiki/Potsdam,_New_York" title="Potsdam, New York">Potsdam, New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 21, 1937<span style="display:none">(1937-12-21)</span> (aged 80)<br /><a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Clara Cook</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Nobel Peace Prize 1929 <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_B_Kellogg_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frank B. Kellogg's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Frank_B_Kellogg_signature.svg/128px-Frank_B_Kellogg_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Frank_B_Kellogg_signature.svg/192px-Frank_B_Kellogg_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Frank_B_Kellogg_signature.svg/256px-Frank_B_Kellogg_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="98" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frank Billings Kellogg</b> (December 22, 1856 – December 21, 1937) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> and as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He co-authored the <a href="/wiki/Kellogg%E2%80%93Briand_Pact" title="Kellogg–Briand Pact">Kellogg–Briand Pact</a>, for which he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-nobel_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <span class="nowrap"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_Frank_B._Kellogg,_by_Philip_Alexius_de_Laszlo,_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ambassador_Frank_B._Kellogg%2C_by_Philip_Alexius_de_Laszlo%2C_1925.jpg/220px-Ambassador_Frank_B._Kellogg%2C_by_Philip_Alexius_de_Laszlo%2C_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ambassador_Frank_B._Kellogg%2C_by_Philip_Alexius_de_Laszlo%2C_1925.jpg/330px-Ambassador_Frank_B._Kellogg%2C_by_Philip_Alexius_de_Laszlo%2C_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ambassador_Frank_B._Kellogg%2C_by_Philip_Alexius_de_Laszlo%2C_1925.jpg/440px-Ambassador_Frank_B._Kellogg%2C_by_Philip_Alexius_de_Laszlo%2C_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Kellogg by <a href="/wiki/Philip_de_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3" title="Philip de László">Philip de László</a>.</figcaption></figure></span> <p>Kellogg was born in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam,_New_York" title="Potsdam, New York">Potsdam, New York</a>, on December 22, 1856, the son of Abigail (Billings) and Asa Farnsworth Kellogg.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family moved to <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> in 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBKbioguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kellogg <a href="/wiki/Read_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Read law">read law</a> and began practicing law in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a>, in 1877. He served as city attorney of Rochester 1878–1881 and county attorney for <a href="/wiki/Olmsted_County,_Minnesota" title="Olmsted County, Minnesota">Olmsted County, Minnesota</a>, from 1882 to 1887. He moved to <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a>, in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBKbioguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905, Kellogg joined the federal government when <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> asked Kellogg to prosecute a federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust</a> case.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1906, Kellogg was appointed special counsel to the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Commission" title="Interstate Commerce Commission">Interstate Commerce Commission</a> for its investigation of <a href="/wiki/E._H._Harriman" title="E. H. Harriman">E. H. Harriman</a>. In 1908, he was appointed to lead the federal prosecution against <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act" title="Sherman Antitrust Act">Sherman Antitrust Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1908Taft_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1908Taft-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most important case was <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> Co. of New Jersey v. United States</i>, 221 U.S. 1 (1911). Following this successful prosecution, he was elected president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a> (1912–1913). He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_Foreign_Debts_Commission_Act" title="World War Foreign Debts Commission Act">World War Foreign Debts Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1907, Kellogg was honored as a Compatriot of the Minnesota Society of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">Sons of the American Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Senate">United States Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: United States Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1916, Kellogg was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> from Minnesota and served from March 4, 1917, to March 3, 1923, in the <a href="/wiki/65th_United_States_Congress" title="65th United States Congress">65th</a>, <a href="/wiki/66th_United_States_Congress" title="66th United States Congress">66th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/67th_United_States_Congress" title="67th United States Congress">67th Congresses</a>. During the ratification battle for the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, he was one of the few Republicans who supported ratification. He lost his re-election bid in 1922 and, in 1923, he was a delegate to the Fifth <a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_American_States" class="mw-redirect" title="International Conference of American States">International Conference of American States</a> at <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBKbioguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambassador_to_Great_Britain">Ambassador to Great Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ambassador to Great Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TIMEMagazine28Sep1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/TIMEMagazine28Sep1925.jpg/220px-TIMEMagazine28Sep1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/TIMEMagazine28Sep1925.jpg/330px-TIMEMagazine28Sep1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/TIMEMagazine28Sep1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> cover, September 28, 1925</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1924, he was appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge" title="Presidency of Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> as Ambassador <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Great Britain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CoolidgeNominations_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoolidgeNominations-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving from January 14, 1924, to February 10, 1925. He succeeded <a href="/wiki/George_Brinton_McClellan_Harvey" title="George Brinton McClellan Harvey">George Brinton McClellan Harvey</a> who served under <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Alanson_B._Houghton" title="Alanson B. Houghton">Alanson B. Houghton</a> so that Kellogg could assume the role of Secretary of State.<sup id="cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBKbioguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_State">Secretary of State</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Secretary of State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_B._Kellogg_passport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frank_B._Kellogg_passport.jpg/170px-Frank_B._Kellogg_passport.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frank_B._Kellogg_passport.jpg/255px-Frank_B._Kellogg_passport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frank_B._Kellogg_passport.jpg/340px-Frank_B._Kellogg_passport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1822" /></a><figcaption>1927 hand signed passport by Frank B. Kellogg as Secretary of State</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1925 to 1929, he served as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> in the Cabinet of President Coolidge.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland and in 1929 the government of France made him a member of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBKbioguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Secretary of State, he was responsible for improving <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Mexico–United States relations">U.S.–Mexican relations</a> and helping to resolve the long-standing <a href="/wiki/Tacna%E2%80%93Arica_compromise" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacna–Arica compromise">Tacna–Arica controversy</a> between Peru and Chile. His most significant accomplishment, however, was the <a href="/wiki/Kellogg%E2%80%93Briand_Pact" title="Kellogg–Briand Pact">Kellogg–Briand Pact</a>, signed in 1928. Proposed by its other namesake, French foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a>, the treaty intended to provide for "the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." Kellogg was awarded the 1929 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> in recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBKbioguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pulitzer1930_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pulitzer1930-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Briand had already won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was associate judge of the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_International_Justice" title="Permanent Court of International Justice">Permanent Court of International Justice</a> from 1930 to 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-JudgeAppointment1930_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JudgeAppointment1930-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kellogg1933_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellogg1933-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kellogg was self-conscious about his lack of academic credentials; he attended a one-room country school and dropped out at age 14. He never attended high school, college or law school. His only advanced training came from clerking in a private lawyer's office. Kellogg grew up in a poor farm in Minnesota, and lacked a commanding presence or the sophistication to deal with the aristocrats who dominated European diplomacy. As Secretary of State, his main focus was Latin America, where he dealt with brutal but unsophisticated strongmen. His staff provided the ideas, and they appreciated that he was always open, candid, and easy to communicate with. He helped end the battle between the Mexican government and the Catholic Church, but failed to resolve the dispute over ownership of the oil reserves. In the Far East, he followed the advice of Nelson Trusler Johnson, the new chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs. They favored China and protected it from threats from Japan. They successfully negotiated tariff reform with China, thereby giving enhanced status to the Kuomintang and helping get rid of the <a href="/wiki/Unequal_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Unequal treaty">unequal treaties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for Europe he was primarily interested with expanding the limitations on naval armaments that been established by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Washington Treaty</a>; he made little progress. Kellogg gained international fame, and the Nobel Peace Prize, with the Kellogg–Briand Pact. It was endorsed by nearly every nation and made starting a war a punishable criminal action. It formed the legal basis for the trial and execution of German and Japanese war leaders after 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embassy_of_Sierra_Leone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Embassy_of_Sierra_Leone.JPG/220px-Embassy_of_Sierra_Leone.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Embassy_of_Sierra_Leone.JPG/330px-Embassy_of_Sierra_Leone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Embassy_of_Sierra_Leone.JPG/440px-Embassy_of_Sierra_Leone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1871" data-file-height="2028" /></a><figcaption>Kellogg's former residence in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1886, Kellogg married <a href="/wiki/Clara_Cook_Kellogg" title="Clara Cook Kellogg">Clara May Cook</a> (1861–1942), the daughter of George Clinton Cook (1828–1901) and Elizabeth (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Burns) Cook (1838–1908).<sup id="cite_ref-CMKObit1942_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMKObit1942-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1880, he became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Masonic_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic Lodge">Masonic Lodge</a> Rochester No. 21, where he received the degrees of <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">freemasonry</a> on April 1, April 19, and May 3.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died from pneumonia, following a stroke, on the eve of his 81st birthday in <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried at the Chapel of St. Joseph of Arimathea in <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a>, Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBKbioguide-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1937, he endowed the <a href="/wiki/Kellogg_Foundation_for_Education_in_International_Relations" title="Kellogg Foundation for Education in International Relations">Kellogg Foundation for Education in International Relations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Carleton_College" title="Carleton College">Carleton College</a>, where he was a trustee.<sup id="cite_ref-1937Endowment_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1937Endowment-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His house in St. Paul, the <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg_House" title="Frank B. Kellogg House">Frank B. Kellogg House</a> was listed as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following were named in his honor: </p> <ul><li>Kellogg Boulevard in downtown Saint Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-Millett_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Millett-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg_Middle_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Kellogg Middle School">Kellogg Middle School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shoreline,_Washington" title="Shoreline, Washington">Shoreline, Washington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as was Frank B. Kellogg High School (closed 1986) in <a href="/wiki/Little_Canada,_Minnesota" title="Little Canada, Minnesota">Little Canada, Minnesota</a>, which had been a part of Roseville School District 623.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberty_ships_(A%E2%80%93F)" title="List of Liberty ships (A–F)">SS <i>Frank B. Kellogg</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Papers">Papers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Papers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frank B. Kellogg's papers are available for research use at the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Historical_Society" title="Minnesota Historical Society">Minnesota Historical Society</a>. They include correspondence and miscellaneous papers, State Department duplicates, news clippings scrapbooks, awards, floor plans, honorary degrees, maps, memorials and memoranda.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_covers_of_Time_magazine_(1920s)" title="List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)">List of people on the cover of <i>Time</i> magazine: 1920s</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JCIgAAAAMAAJ&dq=Frank+Kellogg+September+25,+1930&pg=RA11-PA1">Treaty Information Bulletin No. 1-117 (October 31, 1929–June 30, 1939, Volumes 1-20)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2E06AQAAIAAJ&dq=Frank+Kellogg+September+9,+1935&pg=PA1208">Digest of International Law, Volume 12 (1971)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p9tEAQAAMAAJ&dq=Charles+Hughes+Judge+Frank+Kellogg&pg=PA1">Permanent Court of International Justice, Volumes 1-4 (United States Congress - House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 1932)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWalker1980" class="citation book cs1">Walker, David Maxwell (1980). <i>The Oxford Companion to Law</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198661108" title="Special:BookSources/9780198661108"><bdi>9780198661108</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Law&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780198661108&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=David+Maxwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112109787819&view=1up&seq=156&skin=2021&q1=Olmsted%20County">Executive documents of the State of Minnesota for 1881</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1P9BAQAAMAAJ&dq=Burt+W.+Eaton+County+Attorney+January+1,+1887&pg=RA5-PA33">Executive Documents of the State of Minnesota (1887, Volume 1)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112109787793&view=1up&seq=95&skin=2021&q1=Olmsted%20County">Executive documents of the State of Minnesota for 1879-1880, Volume 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-book_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-book_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistorical_Society1883" class="citation book cs1">Historical Society, Olmsted County (1883). <i>History of Olmsted County, Together with Biographical Matter, Statistics, Etc (Gathered from Matter Furnished by Interviews with Old Settlers, County, Township, and Other Records, and Extracts from Files of Papers, Pamphlets, and Such Other Sources as Have Been Available)</i>. Olmsted County Historical Society (Minnesota).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Olmsted+County%2C+Together+with+Biographical+Matter%2C+Statistics%2C+Etc+%28Gathered+from+Matter+Furnished+by+Interviews+with+Old+Settlers%2C+County%2C+Township%2C+and+Other+Records%2C+and+Extracts+from+Files+of+Papers%2C+Pamphlets%2C+and+Such+Other+Sources+as+Have+Been+Available%29&rft.pub=Olmsted+County+Historical+Society+%28Minnesota%29&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Historical+Society&rft.aufirst=Olmsted+County&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.35112102483429&view=1up&seq=39&skin=2021&q1=Olmsted%20County">Report of the Minnesota Attorney General (1888-1890)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1910" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, Joseph Alexander (1910). <i>History of Olmsted County, Minnesota - Together with Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers, Citizens, Families and Institutions</i>. Goodspeed Historical Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Olmsted+County%2C+Minnesota+-+Together+with+Sketches+of+Many+of+Its+Pioneers%2C+Citizens%2C+Families+and+Institutions&rft.pub=Goodspeed+Historical+Association&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-list-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-list_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rochestermn.gov/government/departments/city-attorney/past-city-attorneys">Past City Attorneys of Rochester (1862-Present)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/12/22/archives/frank-b-kellogg-dies-at-age-of-81-winner-of-nobel-peace-prize-for.html">"Frank B. Kellogg Dies At Age Of 81 [sic]. Winner of Nobel Peace Prize for Pact Outlawing War, Ex-Secretary of State"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 22, 1937<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2014</span>. <q>Frank B. Kellogg, former World Court judge and Secretary of State, died at 7:28 P. M., Guy Chase, his law partner, announced tonight.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Frank+B.+Kellogg+Dies+At+Age+Of+81+%5Bsic%5D.+Winner+of+Nobel+Peace+Prize+for+Pact+Outlawing+War%2C+Ex-Secretary+of+State&rft.date=1937-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F12%2F22%2Farchives%2Ffrank-b-kellogg-dies-at-age-of-81-winner-of-nobel-peace-prize-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobel-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nobel_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1929/">"The Nobel Peace Prize 1929"</a>. <i>Nobelprize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1929%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobel1990" class="citation book cs1">Sobel, Robert (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_h97tuO2xJQC&q=abigail+billings+Asa+Farnsworth+Kellogg&pg=PA208"><i>Biographical Directory of the United States Executive Branch, 1774-1989</i></a>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313265938" title="Special:BookSources/9780313265938"><bdi>9780313265938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Executive+Branch%2C+1774-1989&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780313265938&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_h97tuO2xJQC%26q%3Dabigail%2Bbillings%2BAsa%2BFarnsworth%2BKellogg%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FBKbioguide-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FBKbioguide_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000065">"KELLOGG, Frank Billings - Biographical Information"</a>. <i>bioguide.congress.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bioguide.congress.gov&rft.atitle=KELLOGG%2C+Frank+Billings+-+Biographical+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DK000065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/494">Frank B. Kellogg</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193009#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, accessed 29 April 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1908Taft-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1908Taft_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1908/07/23/archives/taft-declines-comment-fb-kellogg-in-conference-with-candidate-also.html">"Taft Declines Comment.; F.B. Kellogg, in Conference with Candidate, Also Silent Now"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. July 23, 1908<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Taft+Declines+Comment.%3B+F.B.+Kellogg%2C+in+Conference+with+Candidate%2C+Also+Silent+Now.&rft.date=1908-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1908%2F07%2F23%2Farchives%2Ftaft-declines-comment-fb-kellogg-in-conference-with-candidate-also.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1909/11/21/archives/article-2-no-title.html">"Article 2 -- No Title"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 21, 1909<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Article+2+--+No+Title&rft.date=1909-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1909%2F11%2F21%2Farchives%2Farticle-2-no-title.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeubeck" class="citation web cs1">Neubeck, Deborah Kahn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00982.xml">"Collection Finding Aids, Frank B. Kellogg chronology"</a>. <i>mnhs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mnhs.org&rft.atitle=Collection+Finding+Aids%2C+Frank+B.+Kellogg+chronology&rft.aulast=Neubeck&rft.aufirst=Deborah+Kahn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mnhs.org%2Flibrary%2Ffindaids%2F00982.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022757697&view=1up&seq=263&skin=2021&q1=Frank%20B.%20Kellogg">Official congressional directory, 70th congress - 1st session (December 1927)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Revolution1907" class="citation book cs1">American Revolution, Sons of the (1907). <i>National Year Book</i>. <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Sons of the American Revolution">National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Year+Book&rft.pub=National+Society+of+the+Sons+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=American+Revolution&rft.aufirst=Sons+of+the&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoolidgeNominations-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CoolidgeNominations_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1923/12/11/archives/2000-nominations-made-by-coolidge-list-is-headed-by-frank-b-kellogg.html">"2,000 Nominations Made by Coolidge; List Is Headed by Frank B. Kellogg for Ambassador to Britain"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 11, 1923<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2%2C000+Nominations+Made+by+Coolidge%3B+List+Is+Headed+by+Frank+B.+Kellogg+for+Ambassador+to+Britain.&rft.date=1923-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1923%2F12%2F11%2Farchives%2F2000-nominations-made-by-coolidge-list-is-headed-by-frank-b-kellogg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/01/15/archives/sacasa-protests-kelloggs-course-said-to-have-threatened-in-message.html">"Sacasa Protests Kellogg's Course; Said to Have Threatened in Message to Rouse Latin America Against US. Will Keep Up the Fight: He Promptly Denies Story That He Is Giving Up in Face of Our Opposition"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. January 15, 1927<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sacasa+Protests+Kellogg%27s+Course%3B+Said+to+Have+Threatened+in+Message+to+Rouse+Latin+America+Against+US.+Will+Keep+Up+the+Fight%3A+He+Promptly+Denies+Story+That+He+Is+Giving+Up+in+Face+of+Our+Opposition.&rft.date=1927-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F01%2F15%2Farchives%2Fsacasa-protests-kelloggs-course-said-to-have-threatened-in-message.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pulitzer1930-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pulitzer1930_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/11/29/archives/kellogg-to-go-to-oslo-but-nobel-peace-prize-winner-is-uncertain.html">"Kellogg to Go to Oslo.; But Nobel Peace Prize Winner Is Uncertain When He Can Pay Visit"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 29, 1930<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kellogg+to+Go+to+Oslo.%3B+But+Nobel+Peace+Prize+Winner+Is+Uncertain+When+He+Can+Pay+Visit.&rft.date=1930-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F11%2F29%2Farchives%2Fkellogg-to-go-to-oslo-but-nobel-peace-prize-winner-is-uncertain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/11/27/archives/kellogg-gets-honorary-degree-at-oxford-outstanding-candidate-for.html">"Kellogg Gets Honorary Degree at Oxford; Outstanding Candidate for Nobel Peace Prize"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 27, 1929<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kellogg+Gets+Honorary+Degree+at+Oxford%3B+Outstanding+Candidate+for+Nobel+Peace+Prize&rft.date=1929-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F11%2F27%2Farchives%2Fkellogg-gets-honorary-degree-at-oxford-outstanding-candidate-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1926/index.html">"The Nobel Peace Prize 1926"</a>. Nobel Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110908160137/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1926/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+1926&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fpeace%2Flaureates%2F1926%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JudgeAppointment1930-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JudgeAppointment1930_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhoto1930" class="citation news cs1">Photo, Manley O. Hudson, Bemis Professor of International Law, Harvard Law School times Wide World (October 12, 1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/10/12/archives/whos-who-of-the-judges-elected-to-world-court-frank-b-kellogg.html">"Who's Who of the Judges Elected to World Court; Frank B. Kellogg"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Who%27s+Who+of+the+Judges+Elected+to+World+Court%3B+Frank+B.+Kellogg&rft.date=1930-10-12&rft.aulast=Photo&rft.aufirst=Manley+O.+Hudson%2C+Bemis+Professor+of+International+Law%2C+Harvard+Law+School+times+Wide+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F10%2F12%2Farchives%2Fwhos-who-of-the-judges-elected-to-world-court-frank-b-kellogg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kellogg1933-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kellogg1933_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellogg1933" class="citation news cs1">Kellogg, Frank B. (December 24, 1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1933/12/24/archives/the-road-to-peace.html">"The Road to Peace"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Road+to+Peace&rft.date=1933-12-24&rft.aulast=Kellogg&rft.aufirst=Frank+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1933%2F12%2F24%2Farchives%2Fthe-road-to-peace.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1934/02/27/archives/cabinet-members-explain-new-deal-cummings-and-roper-urge-at-rollins.html">"Cabinet Members Explain New Deal; Cummings and Roper Urge at Rollins College Education as Aid to Government. Both Receive Degrees: College at Founders' Day Celebration Honors Frank B. Kellogg for World Peace Efforts"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. February 27, 1934<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cabinet+Members+Explain+New+Deal%3B+Cummings+and+Roper+Urge+at+Rollins+College+Education+as+Aid+to+Government.+Both+Receive+Degrees%3A+College+at+Founders%27+Day+Celebration+Honors+Frank+B.+Kellogg+for+World+Peace+Efforts.&rft.date=1934-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1934%2F02%2F27%2Farchives%2Fcabinet-members-explain-new-deal-cummings-and-roper-urge-at-rollins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hthO-cEvps">Installation ceremony of Frank B. Kellogg at Permanent Court of International Justice, The Hague (1930)</a>, at <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Frank+B.+Kellogg&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DFrank%2BB.%2BKellogg%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell D. Buhite, "Nelson Johnson and American Policy Toward China, 1925-1928". <i>Pacific Historical Review</i> (1966): 451-465 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3636978">online</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Mihalkanin, ed. (2004). <i>American Statesmen: Secretaries of State from John Jay to Colin Powell</i>. pp. 293-98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMKObit1942-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMKObit1942_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1942/10/03/archives/mrs-f-b-kell066-diplomats-widow-was-hostess-for-her-husband.html">"Mrs. F. B. Kellogg, Diplomat's Widow; Was Hostess for Her Husband Co-Author of Peace Pact and Ex-Secretary of State Dies at St. Paul Home Aided Mrs. Coolidge at White House Fetes: Couple Marked 50th Anniversary in 1936"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. October 3, 1942<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mrs.+F.+B.+Kellogg%2C+Diplomat%27s+Widow%3B+Was+Hostess+for+Her+Husband+Co-Author+of+Peace+Pact+and+Ex-Secretary+of+State+Dies+at+St.+Paul+Home+Aided+Mrs.+Coolidge+at+White+House+Fetes%3A+Couple+Marked+50th+Anniversary+in+1936&rft.date=1942-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1942%2F10%2F03%2Farchives%2Fmrs-f-b-kell066-diplomats-widow-was-hostess-for-her-husband.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenslow1957" class="citation web cs1">Denslow, William R. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/10,000_famous_freemasons/Volume_3_K_to_P.htm">"10,000 Famous Freemasons"</a>. <i>The Phoenixmasonry Masonic Museum and Library</i>. Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Phoenixmasonry+Masonic+Museum+and+Library&rft.atitle=10%2C000+Famous+Freemasons&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Denslow&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoenixmasonry.org%2F10%2C000_famous_freemasons%2FVolume_3_K_to_P.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1937Endowment-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1937Endowment_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/06/08/archives/carleton-college-gets-500000-gift-frank-b-kellogg-establishes-unit.html">"Carleton College Gets $500,000 Gift; Frank B. Kellogg Establishes Unit for Study of International Relations"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 8, 1937<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Carleton+College+Gets+%24500%2C000+Gift%3B+Frank+B.+Kellogg+Establishes+Unit+for+Study+of+International+Relations&rft.date=1937-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F06%2F08%2Farchives%2Fcarleton-college-gets-500000-gift-frank-b-kellogg-establishes-unit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhlsum-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403090657/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1447&ResourceType=Building">"Frank B. Kellogg House"</a>. <i>National Historic Landmark summary listing</i>. National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1447&ResourceType=Building">the original</a> on April 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmark+summary+listing&rft.atitle=Frank+B.+Kellogg+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D1447%26ResourceType%3DBuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Millett-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Millett_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillett2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Millett" title="Larry Millett">Millett, Larry</a> (2007). <i>AIA Guide to the Twin Cities: The Essential Source on the Architecture of Minneapolis and St. Paul</i>. <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Historical_Society" title="Minnesota Historical Society">Minnesota Historical Society Press</a>. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87351-540-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87351-540-5"><bdi>978-0-87351-540-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+the+Twin+Cities%3A+The+Essential+Source+on+the+Architecture+of+Minneapolis+and+St.+Paul&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-87351-540-5&rft.aulast=Millett&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00982.xml">Frank B. Kellogg Papers</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bryn-Jones" title="David Bryn-Jones">Bryn-Jones, David</a> (1937). <i>Frank B. Kellogg: A Biography</i>. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. (Reprinted in 2007: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4325-8982-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4325-8982-0">978-1-4325-8982-0</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frankbkelloggbio0000bryn">online</a></li> <li>Carroll, Francis M. "Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg Comes to Ireland, 1928". in <i>America and the Making of an Independent Ireland</i> (New York University Press, 2021) pp. 184–198.</li> <li>Cleaver, Charles G. "Frank B. Kellogg: Attitudes and Assumptions Influencing His Foreign Policy Decisions" (PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1956. 590377).</li> <li>Ellis, Lewis Ethan (1961). <i>Frank B. Kellogg and American Foreign Relations, 1925-1929</i>. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frankbkelloggame0000elli">online</a></li> <li>Ellis, Lewis Ethan (1968). <i>Republican Foreign Policy, 1921–1933</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/republicanforeig00elli">online</a></li> <li>Ellis, L. Ethan (1961). "Frank B. Kellogg" in <i>An Uncertain Tradition: American Secretaries of State in the 20th Century</i>. ed. Norman A. Graebner. pp. 149–67.</li> <li>Ferrell, Robert H. <i>Frank B. Kellogg & Henry L. Stimson: The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy</i>. Cooper Square Publishers, 1963. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b588398;view=1up;seq=5">online</a></li> <li>Rhodes, Benjamin D. (2001). <i>United States Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918–1941: The Golden Age of American Diplomatic and Military Complacency</i>. pp. 57–72.</li> <li>Weber, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnopedia.org/person/kellogg-frank-billings-1856-1937">"Kellogg, Frank Billings (1856–1937)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MNopedia" title="MNopedia">MNopedia</a></i>. Minnesota Historical Society.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kellogg, Frank (1925). <i>China's Outstanding Problems</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40941492">40941492</a>.</li> <li>Kellogg, Frank B. "American Policy and Chinese Affairs". <i>American Bar Association Journal</i> 11.9 (1925): 576-579. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25709357.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Kellogg, Frank B. "Some Foreign Policies of the United States". <i>Foreign Affairs</i>, vol. 4, no. 2, 1926, pp. i-xvii. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20028456">online</a></li> <li>Kellogg, Frank B. "The World Court". <i>Minnesota Law Review</i> 14 (1929): 711+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2306&context=mlr">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frank_B._Kellogg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressK000065" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000065">"Frank B. Kellogg (id: K000065)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Frank+B.+Kellogg+%28id%3A+K000065%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DK000065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+B.+Kellogg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/009365">Newspaper clippings about Frank B. Kellogg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193009#P4293" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/494">Frank B. Kellogg</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193009#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6654166">Frank B. Kellogg</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>First</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 1</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1916 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1916</a>, <a href="/wiki/1922_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1922 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1922</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Nelson" title="Arthur E. Nelson">Arthur E. Nelson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Moses E. Clapp</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Minnesota">U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Minnesota</a> </b><br />1917–1923 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">Knute Nelson</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead">Henrik Shipstead</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Brinton_McClellan_Harvey" title="George Brinton McClellan Harvey">George Harvey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom">United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom</a> </b><br />1924–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alanson_B._Houghton" title="Alanson B. Houghton">Alanson B. Houghton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> </b><br />1925–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Henry L. Stimson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_secretaries_of_state" title="Template:United States secretaries of state"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_secretaries_of_state" title="Template talk:United States secretaries of state"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_secretaries_of_state" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States secretaries of state"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_state321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">United States secretaries of state</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">Foreign affairs</a><br />1781–1789</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Livingston" title="Robert R. Livingston">R. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">State</a><br />1789–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">J. Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">E. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Upshur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_S._Black" title="Jeremiah S. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Washburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney" title="Richard Olney">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacon" title="Robert Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lansing" title="Robert Lansing">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainbridge_Colby" title="Bainbridge Colby">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Stimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stettinius_Jr." title="Edward Stettinius Jr.">Stettinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">G. Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Acheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Eagleburger" title="Lawrence Eagleburger">Eagleburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Christopher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Warren_Christopher_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Warren Christopher as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Albright</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Madeleine_Albright_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Madeleine Albright as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Powell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Colin_Powell_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Colin Powell as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Rice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Condoleezza_Rice_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Condoleezza Rice as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Hillary_Clinton_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Hillary Clinton as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_John_Kerry_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by John Kerry as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Tillerson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Pompeo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Blinken</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Antony_Blinken_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Antony Blinken as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Marco_Rubio_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Marco Rubio as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States">List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Calvin_Coolidge_(1923–1929)770" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coolidge_cabinet" title="Template:Coolidge cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coolidge_cabinet" title="Template talk:Coolidge cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coolidge_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coolidge cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Calvin_Coolidge_(1923–1929)770" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (1923–1929)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i> (1923–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a> (1925–1929)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Calvin_Coolidge.jpg/100px-Calvin_Coolidge.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Calvin_Coolidge.jpg/150px-Calvin_Coolidge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Calvin_Coolidge.jpg/200px-Calvin_Coolidge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2707" data-file-height="3000" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (1923–1925)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank B. Kellogg</a> (1925–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a> (1923–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">John W. Weeks</a> (1923–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_F._Davis" title="Dwight F. Davis">Dwight F. Davis</a> (1925–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_M._Daugherty" title="Harry M. Daugherty">Harry M. Daugherty</a> (1923–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a> (1924–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Sargent" title="John G. Sargent">John G. Sargent</a> (1925–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._New" title="Harry S. New">Harry S. New</a> (1923–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Denby_(politician)" title="Edwin Denby (politician)">Edwin Denby</a> (1923–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_D._Wilbur" title="Curtis D. Wilbur">Curtis D. Wilbur</a> (1924–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Hubert Work</a> (1923–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Owen_West" title="Roy Owen West">Roy Owen West</a> (1928–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cantwell_Wallace" title="Henry Cantwell Wallace">Henry Cantwell Wallace</a> (1923–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Mason_Gore" title="Howard Mason Gore">Howard Mason Gore</a> (1924–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Marion_Jardine" title="William Marion Jardine">William Marion Jardine</a> (1925–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (1923–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Whiting" title="William F. Whiting">William F. Whiting</a> (1928–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Davis" title="James J. Davis">James J. Davis</a> (1923–1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Herbert_Hoover_(1929–1933)769" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hoover_cabinet" title="Template:Hoover cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hoover_cabinet" title="Template talk:Hoover cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hoover_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hoover cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Herbert_Hoover_(1929–1933)769" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (1929–1933)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a> (1929–1933)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Herbert_Clark_Hoover.jpg/100px-Herbert_Clark_Hoover.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Herbert_Clark_Hoover.jpg/150px-Herbert_Clark_Hoover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Herbert_Clark_Hoover.jpg/200px-Herbert_Clark_Hoover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3792" data-file-height="4536" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank B. Kellogg</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Henry L. Stimson</a> (1929–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a> (1929–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden_L._Mills" title="Ogden L. Mills">Ogden L. Mills</a> (1932–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Good" class="mw-redirect" title="James William Good">James William Good</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hurley" title="Patrick J. Hurley">Patrick J. Hurley</a> (1929–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Mitchell" title="William D. Mitchell">William D. Mitchell</a> (1929–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Folger_Brown" title="Walter Folger Brown">Walter Folger Brown</a> (1929–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_III" title="Charles Francis Adams III">Charles Francis Adams III</a> (1929–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Lyman_Wilbur" title="Ray Lyman Wilbur">Ray Lyman Wilbur</a> (1929–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Hyde" title="Arthur M. Hyde">Arthur M. Hyde</a> (1929–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Lamont" title="Robert P. Lamont">Robert P. Lamont</a> (1929–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_D._Chapin" title="Roy D. Chapin">Roy D. Chapin</a> (1932–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Davis" title="James J. Davis">James J. Davis</a> (1929–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_N._Doak" title="William N. Doak">William N. Doak</a> (1930–1933)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Minnesota101" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="Template:United States senators from Minnesota"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="Template talk:United States senators from Minnesota"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Minnesota"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Minnesota101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">United States senators from Minnesota</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Rice" title="Henry M. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ramsey" title="Alexander Ramsey">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._R._McMillan" title="Samuel J. R. McMillan">McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushman_K._Davis" title="Cushman K. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Towne" title="Charles A. Towne">Towne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Clapp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead">Shipstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Thye" title="Edward J. Thye">Thye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">H. Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Humphrey" title="Muriel Humphrey">M. Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Durenberger" title="David Durenberger">Durenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Grams" title="Rod Grams">Grams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dayton" title="Mark Dayton">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Klobuchar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Shields_(politician,_born_1806)" title="James Shields (politician, born 1806)">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_S._Wilkinson" title="Morton S. Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sheldon_Norton" title="Daniel Sheldon Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom_(politician)" title="William Windom (politician)">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozora_P._Stearns" title="Ozora P. Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom_(politician)" title="William Windom (politician)">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_J._Edgerton" title="Alonzo J. Edgerton">Edgerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom_(politician)" title="William Windom (politician)">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_M._Sabin" title="Dwight M. Sabin">Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Washburn" title="William D. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">K. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Johnson" title="Magnus Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Schall" title="Thomas D. Schall">Schall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_A._Benson" title="Elmer A. Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_V._Howard" title="Guy V. Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lundeen" title="Ernest Lundeen">Lundeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Ball" title="Joseph H. Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Nelson" title="Arthur E. Nelson">A. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Ball" title="Joseph H. Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">H. Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_R._Anderson" title="Wendell R. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Boschwitz" title="Rudy Boschwitz">Boschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Wellstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Barkley" title="Dean Barkley">Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Coleman" title="Norm Coleman">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Franken" title="Al Franken">Franken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Smith" title="Tina Smith">Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1914</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1915</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1918</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1923</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1928</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1932</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1939</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1943</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1948</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1955</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1956</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1972</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award)</i> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1929_Nobel_Prize_laureates913" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1929_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1929 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1929_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1929 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank B. Kellogg</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Christiaan Eijkman</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1924_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1924 Nobel Prize winners">1924</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1925_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1925 Nobel Prize winners">1925</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1926_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1926 Nobel Prize winners">1926</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1927_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1927 Nobel Prize winners">1927</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1928_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1928 Nobel Prize winners">1928</a></dd> <dd><b>1929 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1930_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1930 Nobel Prize winners">1930</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1931_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1931 Nobel Prize winners">1931</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1932_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1932 Nobel Prize winners">1932</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1933_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1933 Nobel Prize winners">1933</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1934_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1934 Nobel Prize winners">1934</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ambassadors_of_the_United_States_of_America_to_the_Court_of_St._James&#039;s421" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_ambassadors_to_the_UK" title="Template:US ambassadors to the UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_ambassadors_to_the_UK" title="Template talk:US ambassadors to the UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_ambassadors_to_the_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US ambassadors to the UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ambassadors_of_the_United_States_of_America_to_the_Court_of_St._James&#039;s421" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom">Ambassadors of the United States of America to the Court of St. James's</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers Plenipotentiary to<br />the Court of St. James's<br />(1785–1811)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">Pickney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney" title="William Pinkney">Pinkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">Russell</a> (<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoys Extraordinary and <br />Ministers Plenipotentiary to<br />the Court of St. James's<br />(1815–1893)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Q. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallatin" title="Albert Gallatin">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beach_Lawrence" title="William Beach Lawrence">Lawrence</a> (<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Vail" title="Aaron Vail">Vail</a> (<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reed_Ingersoll" title="Joseph Reed Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">C. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lothrop_Motley" title="John Lothrop Motley">Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Schenck" title="Robert C. Schenck">Schenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Pierrepont" title="Edwards Pierrepont">Pierrepont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Welsh_(diplomat)" title="John Welsh (diplomat)">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Phelps" title="Edward John Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Lincoln" title="Robert Todd Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassadors Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary to <br />the Court of St. James's<br />(1893–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hodges_Choate" title="Joseph Hodges Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitelaw_Reid" title="Whitelaw Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hines_Page" title="Walter Hines Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brinton_McClellan_Harvey" title="George Brinton McClellan Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanson_B._Houghton" title="Alanson B. Houghton">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Worth_Bingham" title="Robert Worth Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_Winant" title="John Gilbert Winant">Winant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Williams_Douglas" title="Lewis Williams Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sherman_Gifford" title="Walter Sherman Gifford">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_W._Aldrich" title="Winthrop W. Aldrich">Aldrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay_Whitney" title="John Hay Whitney">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce" title="David K. E. Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Brewster_Jr." title="Kingman Brewster Jr.">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Louis_Jr." title="John J. Louis Jr.">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Price_II" title="Charles H. Price II">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Catto_Jr." title="Henry E. Catto Jr.">Catto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_G._H._Seitz" title="Raymond G. H. Seitz">Seitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Crowe" title="William J. Crowe">Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lader" title="Philip Lader">Lader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stamps_Farish_III" title="William Stamps Farish III">Farish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Tuttle" title="Robert H. Tuttle">Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Susman" title="Louis Susman">Susman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Barzun" title="Matthew Barzun">Barzun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Johnson" title="Woody Johnson">W. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_D._Hartley" title="Jane D. Hartley">Hartley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minnesota&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_65th–67th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)197" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minnesota&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_65th–67th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>'s delegation(s) to the 65th–67th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/65th_United_States_Congress" title="65th United States Congress">65th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">K. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Kellogg</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Russell_Davis" title="Charles Russell Davis">C. Davis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Halvor_Steenerson" title="Halvor Steenerson">H. Steenerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">A. Volstead</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clarence_B._Miller" title="Clarence B. Miller">C. Miller</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Anderson" title="Sydney Anderson">S. Anderson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Ellsworth" title="Franklin Ellsworth">F. Ellsworth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Schall" title="Thomas D. Schall">T. Schall</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Van_Dyke" title="Carl Van Dyke">C. Van Dyke</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Knutson" title="Harold Knutson">H. Knutson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lundeen" title="Ernest Lundeen">E. Lundeen</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/66th_United_States_Congress" title="66th United States Congress">66th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">K. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Kellogg</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Russell_Davis" title="Charles Russell Davis">C. Davis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Halvor_Steenerson" title="Halvor Steenerson">H. Steenerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">A. Volstead</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Anderson" title="Sydney Anderson">S. Anderson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Ellsworth" title="Franklin Ellsworth">F. Ellsworth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Schall" title="Thomas D. Schall">T. Schall</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Carl_Van_Dyke" title="Carl Van Dyke"><i>C. Van Dyke</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Knutson" title="Harold Knutson">H. Knutson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#66FF99;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Leighton_Carss" title="William Leighton Carss">W. Carss</a> (FL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Newton" title="Walter Newton">W. Newton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Keller" title="Oscar Keller"><i>O. Keller</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/67th_United_States_Congress" title="67th United States Congress">67th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">K. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Kellogg</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_Russell_Davis" title="Charles Russell Davis">C. Davis</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Halvor_Steenerson" title="Halvor Steenerson">H. Steenerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">A. Volstead</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Anderson" title="Sydney Anderson">S. Anderson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Schall" title="Thomas D. Schall">T. Schall</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Knutson" title="Harold Knutson">H. Knutson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Newton" title="Walter Newton">W. Newton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Keller" title="Oscar Keller">O. Keller</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Frank_Clague" title="Frank Clague">F. Clague</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Larson" title="Oscar Larson">O. Larson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193009#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1945" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193009#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1945" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193009#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119537230">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86111142">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11114650v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11114650v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070612692">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007371399205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/105371">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000065">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119537230.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119537230">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/078238269">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10572178">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wd43pr">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&oldid=1265110450">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_B._Kellogg&oldid=1265110450</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_births" title="Category:1856 births">1856 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1937_deaths" title="Category:1937 deaths">1937 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Potsdam,_New_York" title="Category:People from Potsdam, New York">People from Potsdam, New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_recipients_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" title="Category:American recipients of the Legion of Honour">American recipients of the Legion of Honour</a></li><li><a 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