New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos

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.sub-menu li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .sub-menu li:hover > a { color: #d15e60; } #navigation.menu-style-2 ul.menu ul.sub-menu:before, #navigation.menu-style-2 .menu ul ul.sub-menu:before { background-color: #d15e60; } .penci-featured-content .feat-text h3 a, .featured-style-35 .feat-text-right h3 a, .featured-style-4 .penci-featured-content .feat-text h3 a, .penci-mag-featured-content h3 a, .pencislider-container .pencislider-content .pencislider-title { text-transform: none; } .penci-home-popular-post .item-related h3 a { text-transform: none; } .home-featured-cat-content, .penci-featured-cat-seemore, .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads, .home-featured-cat-content.style-8 { margin-bottom: 40px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-8 .penci-grid li.list-post:last-child{ margin-bottom: 0; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-3, .home-featured-cat-content.style-11{ margin-bottom: 30px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-7{ margin-bottom: 14px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-13{ margin-bottom: 20px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore, .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -20px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-7, .mag-cat-style-7 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -18px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-8, .mag-cat-style-8 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: 0px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-13, .mag-cat-style-13 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -20px; } .widget_categories ul li.cat-item-6, .widget_categories select option[value="6"], .widget_tag_cloud .tag-cloud-link.tag-link-6{ display: none; } .penci-homepage-title.penci-magazine-title h3 a, .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title .inner-arrow { font-size: 20px; } .penci-header-signup-form { padding-top: px; padding-bottom: px; } .penci-header-signup-form { background-color: #ed2b23; } .header-social a:hover i, .main-nav-social a:hover, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .lines-button:after, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:before, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:after { color: #d15e60; } #sidebar-nav .menu li a:hover, .header-social.sidebar-nav-social a:hover i, #sidebar-nav .menu li a .indicator:hover, #sidebar-nav .menu .sub-menu li a .indicator:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } #sidebar-nav-logo:before{ background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .penci-slider38-overlay, .penci-flat-overlay .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before { opacity: ; } .penci-item-mag:hover .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .featured-style-38 .item:hover .penci-slider38-overlay, .penci-flat-overlay .penci-item-mag:hover .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before { opacity: ; } .penci-featured-content .featured-slider-overlay { opacity: ; } .featured-style-29 .featured-slider-overlay { opacity: ; } .header-standard h2, .header-standard .post-title, .header-standard h2 a { text-transform: none; } .penci-standard-cat .cat > a.penci-cat-name { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-standard-cat .cat:before, .penci-standard-cat .cat:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-post-share-box a:hover, .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-post-share-box a.liked { color: #ed2b23; } .header-standard .post-entry a:hover, .header-standard .author-post span a:hover, .standard-content a, .standard-content .post-entry a, .standard-post-entry a.more-link:hover, .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover, .standard-content .post-entry blockquote:before, .post-entry blockquote cite, .post-entry blockquote .author, .standard-content-special .author-quote span, .standard-content-special .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .standard-content-special .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .standard-content .penci-more-link a.more-link, .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .standard-content .penci-more-link.penci-more-link-button a.more-link{ background-color: #ed2b23; color: #fff; } .standard-content-special .author-quote span:before, .standard-content-special .author-quote span:after, .standard-content .post-entry ul li:before, .post-entry blockquote .author span:after, .header-standard:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-more-link a.more-link:before, .penci-more-link a.more-link:after { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid li .item h2 a, .penci-masonry .item-masonry h2 a, .grid-mixed .mixed-detail h2 a, .overlay-header-box .overlay-title a { text-transform: none; } .penci-grid li .item h2 a, .penci-masonry .item-masonry h2 a { } .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-grid .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-masonry .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-grid .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-masonry .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name:after{ border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-post-share-box a.liked, .penci-post-share-box a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .overlay-post-box-meta .overlay-share a:hover, .overlay-author a:hover, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover, .grid-post-box-meta span a.comment-link:hover, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .grid-mixed .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span:before, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span:after, .grid-header-box:after, .list-post .header-list-style:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid .post-box-meta span:after, .penci-masonry .post-box-meta span:after { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-readmore-btn.penci-btn-make-button a{ background-color: #ed2b23; color: #fff; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .overlay-typography { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li.typography-style:hover .overlay-typography { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .item .main-typography h2 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .overlay-header-box .cat > a.penci-cat-name:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow { font-size: 14px; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-11 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-12 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-14 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-13 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-15 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow{ background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-2 .penci-border-arrow:after{ border-top-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:after { background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-4 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-4 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:after, .penci-sidebar-content.style-5 .penci-border-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-7 .penci-border-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-9 .penci-border-arrow{ border-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before { border-top-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-16 .penci-border-arrow:after{ background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-7 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-9 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow { color: #ffffff; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:after { content: none; display: none; } .penci-sidebar-content .widget-title{ margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before{ bottom: -6px; border-width: 6px; margin-left: -6px; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-2 .penci-border-arrow:after { content: none; display: none; } .penci-video_playlist .penci-video-playlist-item .penci-video-title:hover,.widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a:hover, .widget a:hover, .penci-sidebar-content .widget-social a:hover span, .widget-social a:hover span, .penci-tweets-widget-content .icon-tweets, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents a, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents span:after, .widget-social.remove-circle a:hover i , #wp-calendar tbody td a:hover, .penci-video_playlist .penci-video-playlist-item .penci-video-title:hover, .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text .side-item-meta a:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } .widget .tagcloud a:hover, .widget-social a:hover i, .widget input[type="submit"]:hover,.penci-user-logged-in .penci-user-action-links a:hover,.penci-button:hover, .widget button[type="submit"]:hover { color: #fff; background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } .about-widget .about-me-heading:before { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:before, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:after, .pencisc-column-1.penci-video_playlist .penci-video-nav .playlist-panel-item, .penci-video_playlist .penci-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb, .penci-video_playlist .penci-playlist-title { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span, .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot:hover span { border-color: #ed2b23; background-color: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a i{ font-size: 12px; } ul.footer-socials li a svg{ width: 12px; } ul.footer-socials li a span { font-size: 12px; } #footer-copyright * { font-size: 12px; } #footer-copyright * { font-style: normal; } .footer-subscribe .widget .mc4wp-form input[type="submit"]:hover { background-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .icon-tweets, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents a, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents span:after, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social a:hover span, .footer-widget-wrapper a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social.remove-circle a:hover i, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text .side-item-meta a:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .widget .tagcloud a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social a:hover i, .footer-widget-wrapper .mc4wp-form input[type="submit"]:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget input[type="submit"]:hover,.footer-widget-wrapper .penci-user-logged-in .penci-user-action-links a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget button[type="submit"]:hover { color: #fff; background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .about-widget .about-me-heading:before { border-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:before, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot:hover span { border-color: #ed2b23; background: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a:hover i { background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a:hover span { color: #ed2b23; } .footer-socials-section, .penci-footer-social-moved{ border-color: #212121; } #footer-section, .penci-footer-social-moved{ background-color: #111111; } #footer-section .footer-menu li a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-go-to-top-floating { background-color: #ed2b23; } #footer-section a { color: #ed2b23; } .comment-content a, .container-single .post-entry a, .container-single .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .container-single .author-quote span, .container-single .author-post span a:hover, .post-entry blockquote:before, .post-entry blockquote cite, .post-entry blockquote .author, .wpb_text_column blockquote:before, .wpb_text_column blockquote cite, .wpb_text_column blockquote .author, .post-pagination a:hover, .author-content h5 a:hover, .author-content .author-social:hover, .item-related h3 a:hover, .container-single .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .container.penci-breadcrumb.single-breadcrumb span a:hover,.container.penci-breadcrumb.single-breadcrumb a:hover, .penci_list_shortcode li:before, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline, .penci-dropcap-regular, .penci-dropcap-bold, .header-standard .post-box-meta-single .author-post span a:hover{ color: #d15e60; } .container-single .standard-content-special .format-post-box, ul.slick-dots li button:hover, ul.slick-dots li.slick-active button, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline { border-color: #d15e60; } ul.slick-dots li button:hover, ul.slick-dots li.slick-active button, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:before, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:after, .post-box-title:before, .post-box-title:after, .container-single .author-quote span:before, .container-single .author-quote span:after, .post-entry blockquote .author span:after, .post-entry blockquote .author span:before, .post-entry ul li:before, #respond #submit:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form input[type=submit]:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form button[type=submit]:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form .wpforms-page-button:hover, .wpcf7 input[type="submit"]:hover, .widget_wysija input[type="submit"]:hover, .post-entry.blockquote-style-2 blockquote:before,.tags-share-box.tags-share-box-s2 .post-share-plike, .penci-dropcap-box, .penci-dropcap-circle, .penci-ldspinner > div{ background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .post-entry .post-tags a:hover { color: #fff; border-color: #d15e60; background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat > a.penci-cat-name { color: #d15e60; } .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat:before, .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat:after { background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .single-post-title { text-transform: none; } .container-single .single-post-title { } .list-post .header-list-style:after, .grid-header-box:after, .penci-overlay-over .overlay-header-box:after, .home-featured-cat-content .first-post .magcat-detail .mag-header:after { content: none; } .list-post .header-list-style, .grid-header-box, .penci-overlay-over .overlay-header-box, .home-featured-cat-content .first-post .magcat-detail .mag-header{ padding-bottom: 0; } .header-standard:after { content: none; } .header-standard { padding-bottom: 0; } .penci-single-style-6 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-5 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-4 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-3 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-9 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-7 .single-breadcrumb{ text-align: left; } .container-single .header-standard, .container-single .post-box-meta-single { text-align: left; } .rtl .container-single .header-standard,.rtl .container-single .post-box-meta-single { text-align: right; } .container-single .post-pagination h5 { text-transform: none; } #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:before, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:after, .post-box-title:before, .post-box-title:after { content: none; display: none; } .container-single .item-related h3 a { text-transform: none; } .container-single .post-share a:hover, .container-single .post-share a.liked, .page-share .post-share a:hover { color: #d15e60; } .tags-share-box.tags-share-box-2_3 .post-share .count-number-like, .post-share .count-number-like { color: #d15e60; } .post-entry a, .container-single .post-entry a{ color: #215ba9; } ul.homepage-featured-boxes .penci-fea-in:hover h4 span { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-home-popular-post .item-related h3 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title .inner-arrow, .penci-homepage-title.style-4 .inner-arrow:before, .penci-homepage-title.style-4 .inner-arrow:after, .penci-homepage-title.style-7, .penci-homepage-title.style-9 { border-color: #ffffff; } .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title:before { border-top-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-5, .penci-homepage-title.style-7{ border-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-16.penci-border-arrow:after{ background-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-7 .inner-arrow:before, .penci-homepage-title.style-9 .inner-arrow:before{ background-color: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .magcat-detail h3 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } 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class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/blue-origin/">Blue Origin</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GZUjHIOXwAApIp6-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight">ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-07T06:59:32-05:00">October 7, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1889-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue">Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-23T12:54:21-05:00">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> 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data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a 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data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1889-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue">Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-23T12:54:21-05:00">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/F-DUDdTWMAAnchL-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T18:13:17-05:00">November 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54002713616_36f0cdf177_o-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72">ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-26T16:15:49-05:00">September 26, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" 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href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GZUjHIOXwAApIp6-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight">ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-07T06:59:32-05:00">October 7, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1889-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue">Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-23T12:54:21-05:00">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/F-DUDdTWMAAnchL-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T18:13:17-05:00">November 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54002713616_36f0cdf177_o-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72">ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-26T16:15:49-05:00">September 26, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" 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<div id="main" class="penci-main-sticky-sidebar"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <article id="post-103389" class="post type-post status-publish"> <div class="header-standard header-classic single-header"> <h1 class="post-title single-post-title entry-title">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos</h1> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/haygen/">Haygen Warren</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time> </div> <div class="post-box-meta-single"> <span class="author-post byline"><span class="author vcard">written by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/haygen/">Haygen Warren</a> </span></span> <span><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="post-image"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909.png" data-rel="penci-gallery-image-content"> <img class="attachment-penci-full-thumb size-penci-full-thumb penci-lazy wp-post-image pc-singlep-img" width="1024" height="575" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201024%20575'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" title="IMG_9909" data-sizes="auto" data-srcset="" data-src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909.png"> </a> </div> <div class="post-entry blockquote-style-2"> <div class="inner-post-entry entry-content" id="penci-post-entry-inner"> <i class="penci-post-countview-number-check" style="display:none">184</i> <p>Using supercomputer simulations, a team of NASA scientists recently modeled the destruction of an asteroid around Mars to investigate the possible origins of Mars’ two, mysterious moons — Phobos and Deimos. Since their discovery in 1877 and subsequent investigations by telescopes and Martian spacecraft, scientists have pondered how the two moons came to be, and how they gained their unique, rugged shapes.</p> <p>Led by Jacob Kegerreis, the team’s new study revealed that a rogue asteroid may have passed too close to Mars. During its flyby, Mars’ strong gravitational pull would have disrupted, or ripped apart, the asteroid, leading to hundreds of thousands of small rocky fragments orbiting Mars.</p> <p><span id="more-103389"></span></p> <p>While more than half of the fragments created from the disruption event are believed to have been ejected away from Mars, those trapped within the planet’s orbit would have continued to collide, creating more debris. After these collisions stopped and the fragments settled into a ring around Mars, the material within the rings likely began clumping together, creating the Phobos and Deimos we know today.</p> <p>This theory was tested by Kegerreis et al.’s supercomputer models, which explored hundreds of different flyby simulations, each varying the asteroid’s size, spin, speed, and distance from Mars during the disruption event. The team employed two different computing codes for their simulations: a high-performance, open-source computing code called SWIFT (used to model the disruption event), and another computing code for modeling the orbits of the debris produced from the disruption event. Each computing code utilized Durham University’s advanced computing systems in the UK.</p> <p><iframe title="How Did Mars Get Its Moons?" width="1170" height="658" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D-gDbo-8W3c?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></p> <p>Kegerreis et al. report in their study that in many of their simulations, enough raw material is produced around Mars from the disruption event and subsequent collisions to aid in forming moons similar to Phobos and Deimos.</p> <aside class="penci-sidebar-content widget l2-info"><h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">See Also</span></h4><ul><li><a href="https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?board=49.0">Space Science Coverage</a></li><li><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com/">NSF Store</a></li><li><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">Click here to Join L2</a></li></ul></aside> <p>“It’s exciting to explore a new option for the making of Phobos and Deimos – the only moons in our solar system that orbit a rocky planet besides Earth’s. Furthermore, this new model makes different predictions about the moons’ properties that can be tested against the standard ideas for this key event in Mars’ history,” said Kegerreis, a postdoctoral research scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California.</p> <p>Interestingly, Kegerreis et al.’s models and findings don’t explicitly follow the two most popular theories about the origins of Phobos and Deimos. The first theory suggests that the moons were once asteroids that passed close enough to Mars to be wholly captured within Mars’ gravitational well and orbit. The second suggests that a giant impact on the Martian surface would have ejected enough material from the planet’s surface to create a disk and, finally, the moons. The latter theory closely aligns with scientists’ current theories behind the formation of Earth’s moon.</p> <p>However, while the second theory accounts for the orbital trajectories of Phobos and Deimos more closely than the first theory, it fails to account for Deimos’ large orbital radius around Mars. If a giant impact did occur at the Martian surface, any material ejected from the surface would have settled into a disk that hugged Mars quite closely — much closer to Mars than where Deimos currently orbits. Deimos’ large orbital radius means it had to have formed at that distance.</p> <div id="attachment_103395" style="width: 730px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-103395" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-103395" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9910.png" alt="" width="720" height="412" srcset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9910.png 720w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9910-350x200.png 350w, https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9910-612x350.png 612w" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /><p id="caption-attachment-103395" class="wp-caption-text">Image showing the orbits of Phobos and Deimos (red) and Martian spacecraft. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)</p></div> <p>Fortunately, Kegerreis et al.’s new models account for Deimos’ orbital distance, with the raw materials needed for the formation of the moons reaching out to Deimos’ orbit.</p> <p>“Our idea allows for a more efficient distribution of moon-making material to the outer regions of the disk. That means a much smaller ‘parent’ asteroid could still deliver enough material to send the moons’ building blocks to the right place,” said co-author Jack Lissauer of NASA Ames.</p> <p>While Kegerreis et al. primarily focus on Phobos, Deimos, and Mars in their simulations, Kegerreis explains that their simulations and models also allow for the exploration of the formation of a variety of moons around the solar system and encounters between objects like planets, asteroids, comets, and more. These violent events were extremely common in the very early days of our solar system, so Kegerreis et al.’s simulations could allow scientists to better model the early solar system, its environment, and its outcomes.</p> <p>For Kegerreis et al. specifically, now that they’ve validated a formation theory with their model, the team will move to better modeling the formation of the disk that Phobos and Deimos formed out of.</p> <p><iframe title="MMX - Martian Moons eXploration mission movie" width="1170" height="658" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yiS6NdpEL2A?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></p> <p>“Next, we hope to build on this proof-of-concept project to simulate and study in greater detail the full timeline of formation. This will allow us to examine the structure of the disk itself and make more detailed predictions for what the MMX mission could find,” said co-author Vincent Eke, an associate professor at the Institute for Computational Cosmology at Durham University.</p> <p>The Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) mission is a Martian sample return mission led by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) that will travel to both Phobos and Deimos. While at the moons, MMX will extensively study the moons and their characteristics to learn more about their composition and origin. While at Phobos, the MMX spacecraft will collect samples of the moon’s surface to return to Earth, where it will be sent to a lab for in-depth study. The internal composition of the moons (i.e. what they’re made of) could be the major clue that helps scientists determine whether or not the moons were once asteroids or the results of an impact/disruption event.</p> <p>MMX is currently set for launch in 2026 and features a variety of instruments and technology demonstrations, including NASA’s Mars-moon Exploration with Gamma Rays and Neutrons (MEGANE) instrument and a pneumatic sampler technology demonstration.</p> <p><em>(Lead image: Mars, Phobos, and Deimos. Credit: NASA)</em></p> <div class="penci-single-link-pages"> </div> <div class="post-tags"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/asteroids/" rel="tag">Asteroids</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/circumplanetary-disk/" rel="tag">circumplanetary disk</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/deimos/" rel="tag">Deimos</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/jaxa/" rel="tag">JAXA</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/mars/" rel="tag">Mars</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/mars-moons-exploration/" rel="tag">Mars Moons Exploration</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/martian/" rel="tag">Martian</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/mmx/" rel="tag">MMX</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/moons/" rel="tag">moons</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/nasa/" rel="tag">NASA</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/tag/phobos/" rel="tag">Phobos</a><a 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href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/blue-origin/">Blue Origin</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" 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data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/HaoLong-Space-Cargo-Shuttle-Credit-Aviation-Industry-Corporation-of-China-crop-e1731690702218-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/china-roundup-202411/" title="China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s 25th anniversary">China Roundup: Tiangong cargo supply contracts awarded; Shenzhou’s…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-15T02:37:32-05:00">November 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a 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class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div 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2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GZUjHIOXwAApIp6-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/hera-launch/" title="ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as Falcon 9 returns to flight">ESA’s Hera mission launched to asteroid binary as…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-07T06:59:32-05:00">October 7, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_1889-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/launch-roundup-092324/" title="Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and Chinese launches continue">Launch Roundup: NASA Crew-9 flies half-empty, Starlink and…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-23T12:54:21-05:00">September 23, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/F-DUDdTWMAAnchL-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-110424/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to ISS, Roscosmos and Rocket Lab also launch">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches cargo resupply mission to…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-04T18:13:17-05:00">November 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54002713616_36f0cdf177_o-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/iss-roundup-092624/" title="ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024 with Expedition 71 giving way to Expedition 72">ISS finishes out eventful third quarter of 2024…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-26T16:15:49-05:00">September 26, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/A-Falcon-9-sits-on-the-pad-at-SLC-4E-at-the-Vandenberg-Space-Force-Base-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111124/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China fly resupply mission to Tiangong">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches customer payloads, China…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-11T18:10:24-05:00">November 11, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn’s maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a 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New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos - NASASpaceFlight.com