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Povijest Latvije – Wikipedija

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<div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prapovijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prapovijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Prapovijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prapovijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livonija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livonija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Livonija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Livonija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Livonija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Livonija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Livonijsko_vojvodstvo_(1561._–_1621.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livonijsko_vojvodstvo_(1561._–_1621.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Livonijsko vojvodstvo (1561. – 1621.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livonijsko_vojvodstvo_(1561._–_1621.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livonijsko_kraljevstvo_(1570._–_1578.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livonijsko_kraljevstvo_(1570._–_1578.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Livonijsko kraljevstvo (1570. – 1578.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livonijsko_kraljevstvo_(1570._–_1578.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livonija_u_Poljsko-Litvanskom_savezu_(1578._–_1700.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livonija_u_Poljsko-Litvanskom_savezu_(1578._–_1700.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Livonija u Poljsko-Litvanskom savezu (1578. – 1700.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livonija_u_Poljsko-Litvanskom_savezu_(1578._–_1700.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Između_Švedske_i_Rusije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Između_Švedske_i_Rusije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Između Švedske i Rusije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Između_Švedske_i_Rusije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borba_za_neovisnost_Latvije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borba_za_neovisnost_Latvije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Borba za neovisnost Latvije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borba_za_neovisnost_Latvije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neovisna_Republika_Latvija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neovisna_Republika_Latvija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Neovisna Republika Latvija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Neovisna_Republika_Latvija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Neovisna Republika Latvija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Neovisna_Republika_Latvija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latvija_u_Drugom_svjetskom_ratu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvija_u_Drugom_svjetskom_ratu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Latvija u Drugom svjetskom ratu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvija_u_Drugom_svjetskom_ratu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latvija_u_SSSR-u" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvija_u_SSSR-u"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Latvija u SSSR-u</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvija_u_SSSR-u-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderna_Republika_Latvija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderna_Republika_Latvija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Moderna Republika Latvija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderna_Republika_Latvija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bilješke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilješke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bilješke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilješke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Povijest Latvije</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 45 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تاريخ لاتفيا – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ لاتفيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Letonia" title="Historia de Letonia – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Historia de Letonia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Латвия тарихы – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Латвия тарихы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%96" title="Гісторыя Латвіі – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гісторыя Латвіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%96" title="Гісторыя Латвіі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гісторыя Латвіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_Let%C3%B2nia" title="Història de Letònia – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història de Letònia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny_Loty%C5%A1ska" title="Dějiny Lotyšska – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Lotyšska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letlands_historie" title="Letlands historie – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Letlands historie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_Lettlands" title="Geschichte Lettlands – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte Lettlands" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ιστορία της Λετονίας – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιστορία της Λετονίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Latvia" title="History of Latvia – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of Latvia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Letonia" title="Historia de Letonia – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Letonia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ti_ajalugu" title="Läti ajalugu – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Läti ajalugu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letoniako_historia" title="Letoniako historia – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Letoniako historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_historia" title="Latvian historia – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latvian historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Lettonie" title="Histoire de la Lettonie – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire de la Lettonie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Letonia" title="Historia de Letonia – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia de Letonia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="היסטוריה של לטביה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היסטוריה של לטביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettorsz%C3%A1g_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelme" title="Lettország történelme – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lettország történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Լատվիայի պատմություն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լատվիայի պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_di_Latvia" title="Historio di Latvia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio di Latvia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_della_Lettonia" title="Storia della Lettonia – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia della Lettonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="ラトビアの歴史 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラトビアの歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="라트비아의 역사 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라트비아의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Lettoniae" title="Historia Lettoniae – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Historia Lettoniae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijos_istorija" title="Latvijos istorija – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Latvijos istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijas_v%C4%93sture" title="Latvijas vēsture – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latvijas vēsture" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Историја на Латвија – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Историја на Латвија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Letland" title="Geschiedenis van Letland – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Letland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvias_historie" title="Latvias historie – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Latvias historie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria_de_Let%C3%B2nia" title="Istòria de Letònia – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istòria de Letònia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_%C5%81otwy" title="Historia Łotwy – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Łotwy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="د لیتویا تاریخ – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د لیتویا تاریخ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_Let%C3%B3nia" title="História da Letónia – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História da Letónia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoria_Letoniei" title="Istoria Letoniei – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istoria Letoniei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="История Латвии – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Латвии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejiny_Loty%C5%A1ska" title="Dejiny Lotyšska – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dejiny Lotyšska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Историја Летоније – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историја Летоније" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettlands_historia" title="Lettlands historia – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lettlands historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_ya_Latvia" title="Historia ya Latvia – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Historia ya Latvia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letonya_tarihi" title="Letonya tarihi – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Letonya tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%97" title="Історія Латвії – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Латвії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Latvia" title="Lịch sử Latvia – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử Latvia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="拉脱维亚历史 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉脱维亚历史" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="拉脱维亚历史 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉脱维亚历史" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q209655#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Latvije"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Povijest_Latvije" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Povijest_Latvije" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;oldid=6679136" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&amp;page=Povijest_Latvije&amp;id=6679136&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPovijest_Latvije"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/200px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/300px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/400px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg/400px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" align="right" style="width:210px;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;padding:1px;font-size:80%;margin:5px 1px 5px 5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #ececec; text-align: center; padding: 0 1px;"><big><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Povijest Latvije</a></b></big><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Knight_livonia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Knight_livonia.png/50px-Knight_livonia.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Knight_livonia.png/75px-Knight_livonia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Knight_livonia.png/100px-Knight_livonia.png 2x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="388" /></a></span> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead">Rana povijest</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="font-size:90%; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jantarski_put" title="Jantarski put">Jantarski put</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vikinzi" title="Vikinzi">Vikinzi</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesta_od_Vikinga_do_Grka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesta od Vikinga do Grka (stranica ne postoji)">Cesta od Vikinga do Grka</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ugrofinski_narodi" title="Ugrofinski narodi">Livonci</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dki_narodi" title="Baltički narodi">Baltički narodi</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuroni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuroni (stranica ne postoji)">Kuroni</a></b>, <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemgalci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zemgalci (stranica ne postoji)">Zemgalci</a></b>, <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latgalci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Latgalci (stranica ne postoji)">Latgalci</a></b>, <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selonci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Selonci (stranica ne postoji)">Selonci</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead">Srednji vijek</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="font-size:90%; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%BEarski_ratovi" title="Križarski ratovi">Livonijski viteški red</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Teutonski_vite%C5%A1ki_red" title="Teutonski viteški red">Teutonski viteški red</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Livonija" title="Livonija">Livonija</a></b> (1207–1561)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hanza" title="Hanza">Hanzeatski savez</a></b> (1157-1669)</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead">Novi vijek</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="font-size:90%; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Livonski_rat" title="Livonski rat">Livonski rat</a></b> (1558–1583)</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonijsko_kraljevstvo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonijsko kraljevstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Livonijsko kraljevstvo</a></b> (1570-1578)</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonijsko_vojvodstvo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonijsko vojvodstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Livonijsko vojvodstvo</a></b> (1561-1621)</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurlandsko_vojvodstvo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurlandsko vojvodstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Kurlandsko vojvodstvo</a></b> (1562-1795)</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0vedska_Livonija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Švedska Livonija (stranica ne postoji)">Švedska Livonija</a></b> (1629 - 1721)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Veliki_sjeverni_rat" title="Veliki sjeverni rat">Veliki sjeverni rat</a> (1700—1721)</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latvijsko_narodno_bu%C4%91enje" title="Latvijsko narodno buđenje">Latvijsko narodno buđenje</a></b> (1856-1873)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rusifikacija" title="Rusifikacija">Rusifikacija</a></b> (1880-1905)</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead">Republika Latvija</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;display:none;"> <table width="100%" style="font-size:90%; text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvi svjetski rat</a></b> (1914-1918) <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mir_u_Brest-Litovsku" title="Mir u Brest-Litovsku">Mir u Brest-Litovsku</a></b> (1918)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Republika Latvija</a> (1918-1940)</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pakt_Ribbentrop-Molotov" title="Pakt Ribbentrop-Molotov">Pakt Ribbentrop-Molotov</a></b> (1939)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugi svjetski rat</a></b> (1939-1945)</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvijska_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Latvijska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika (stranica ne postoji)">Latvijska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika</a></b> (1940-1941, 1944-1990)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Republika Latvija</a></b> (1990-)</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 111%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #ececec" align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/200px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/300px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/400px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption><center>Baltička plemena oko <a href="/wiki/1200." title="1200.">1200.</a> god.<center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Povijest Latvije</b> je povijest prostora današnje <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Republike Latvije</a> i naroda <a href="/wiki/Latvijci" title="Latvijci">Latvijaca</a> od prapovijesti do danas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prapovijest">Prapovijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Prapovijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prapovijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na području današnje Latvije obitavala su od 4000. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=2000._pr._Kr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2000. pr. Kr. (stranica ne postoji)">2000. pr. Kr.</a> <a href="/wiki/Ugro-finski_narodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugro-finski narodi">ugro-finska plemena</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Baltik" title="Baltik">Baltički</a> <a href="/wiki/Latvijci" title="Latvijci">Latvijci</a> javljaju se na jugu u 2. tisućljeću pr. Kr.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slavna "cesta od <a href="/wiki/Vikinzi" title="Vikinzi">Vikinga</a> do <a href="/wiki/Grci" title="Grci">Grka</a>", koja se spominje u antičkim tekstovima kao izvor <a href="/wiki/Jantar" title="Jantar">jantara</a>, prostirala se od <a href="/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija">Skandinavije</a> preko Latvije do rijeke <a href="/wiki/Daugava" class="mw-redirect" title="Daugava">Daugave</a> i drevnog <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">ruskog</a> teritorija sve do <a href="/wiki/Bizantsko_Carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizantsko Carstvo">Bizantskog Carstva</a>. </p><p>Oko 10. st. baltička plemena su se organizirala u četiri individualne skupine: <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%A1i" title="Kurši">Kurši</a> (<i>Kuren</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latgalci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Latgalci (stranica ne postoji)">Latgalci</a> (<i>Latgallian</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seli&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Seli (stranica ne postoji)">Seli</a> (<i>Selonian</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zemgalci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zemgalci (stranica ne postoji)">Zemgalci</a> (<i>Semigallian</i>) (<a href="/wiki/Latvijski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijski">latvijski</a>: <i>kurši, latgaļi, sēļi, zemgaļi</i>). Latgalijci su bili najbrojnije i najnaprednije pleme. Dok su Kuronci zbog svoje napadačke politike prozvani "baltičkim vikinzima", Semigalijci i Selonci bili izrazito miroljubivi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Livonija">Livonija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Livonija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Livonija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg/200px-Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg/300px-Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg/400px-Medieval_Livonia_1260.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1034" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonska_konfederacija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonska konfederacija (stranica ne postoji)">Livonska konfederacija</a> <a href="/wiki/1260." title="1260.">1260.</a> god.<center></center></center></figcaption></figure><p>U <a href="/wiki/12._stolje%C4%87e" title="12. stoljeće">12. stoljeću</a> ustrojene su balto-latvijske države <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talava&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Talava (stranica ne postoji)">Talava</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ersika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ersika (stranica ne postoji)">Ersika</a>, a potkraj istog stoljeća započinje i prodor <a href="/wiki/Danci" title="Danci">danskih</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci">njemačkih</a> <a href="/wiki/Feudalizam" title="Feudalizam">feudalaca</a>. </p><p>U <a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">srednjem vijeku</a> Latvija se nazivala <a href="/wiki/Livonija" title="Livonija">Livonija</a> (po plemenu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liva&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liva (stranica ne postoji)">Liva</a> koje je živjelo u priobalju i prvo došlo u kontakt s njemačkim trgovcima). Upravo su ti trgovci širili <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1%C4%87anstvo" title="Kršćanstvo">kršćanstvo</a> u Latviji, no došlo je do strašnog otpora loklanog stanovništva (osoobito obredu krštenja). Po dozvoli pape, u prvoj polovici <a href="/wiki/13._stolje%C4%87e" title="13. stoljeće">13. stoljeća</a> zemljom je vladao <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%BEari" title="Križari">križarski</a> <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_vite%C5%A1ki_red" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački viteški red">Njemački viteški red</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Livonska_bra%C4%87a_ma%C4%8Da" title="Livonska braća mača">Livonska braća mača</a>"), koji se zajedno s <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riškom</a> <a href="/wiki/Nadbiskupija" title="Nadbiskupija">nadbiskupijom</a> i gradom Rigom (osnovali ga Nijemci <a href="/wiki/1201." title="1201.">1201.</a> god.) sjedinio u Livonsku konfederaciju. Od <a href="/wiki/1282." title="1282.">1282.</a> god. <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> se (a kasnije i gradovi <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C4%93sis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cēsis (stranica ne postoji)">Cēsis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba%C5%BEi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbaži (stranica ne postoji)">Limbaži</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koknese&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koknese (stranica ne postoji)">Koknese</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valmiera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valmiera (stranica ne postoji)">Valmiera</a>) pridružila trgovačkom udruženju njemačkih gradova, <a href="/wiki/Hanza" title="Hanza">Hanzeatska liga</a> (<i>Hansa</i>). Riga je tako postala najvažnije trgovačko središte na zapadnoj obali Baltičkog mora koje je održavalo bliske kontakte sa Zapadnom Europom. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonska_konfederacija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonska konfederacija (stranica ne postoji)">Livonska konfederacija</a> (koja se sastojala od <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija">Estonije</a>) se održala do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonskog_rata&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonskog rata (stranica ne postoji)">Livonskog rata</a> (<a href="/wiki/1559." title="1559.">1559.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1583." title="1583.">1583.</a>), nakon čega je manji dio Livonije pripao <a href="/wiki/Danci" title="Danci">Dancima</a> i <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ve%C4%91ani" title="Šveđani">Šveđanima</a>, a veći dio (<a href="/wiki/1561." title="1561.">1561.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Poljsko-Litvanski_savez" class="mw-redirect" title="Poljsko-Litvanski savez">poljsko-litvanskoj državi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livonijsko_vojvodstvo_(1561._–_1621.)"><span id="Livonijsko_vojvodstvo_.281561._.E2.80.93_1621..29"></span>Livonijsko vojvodstvo (1561. – 1621.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Livonijsko vojvodstvo (1561. – 1621.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Livonijsko vojvodstvo (1561. – 1621.)"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_(1619).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%29.png/200px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%29.png/300px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%29.png/400px-Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_%281619%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1957" data-file-height="1539" /></a><figcaption>Livonijsko vojvodstvo (1561.-1621.)<p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:hotpink;color:hotpink;">██</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Poljsko_Kraljevstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Poljsko Kraljevstvo">Poljsko Kraljevstvo</a></p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:lightpink;color:lightpink;">██</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Prusija" class="mw-redirect" title="Prusija">Prusija</a>, poljski vazal</p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:plum;color:plum;">██</span>&#160;Nadvodvojstvo Litva</p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:lightgray;color:lightgray;">██</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kurlandija" title="Kurlandija">Kurlandija</a>, poljski vazal</p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:darkgray;color:darkgray;">██</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Livonija" title="Livonija">Livonija</a></p><p style="margin:0px;font-size:100%"><span style="border:1px solid none;background-color:lightgreen;color:lightgreen;">██</span>&#160;Švedska i Danska <a href="/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija">Estonija</a></p></figcaption></figure> <p>Za vrijeme Livonskog rata 1561. god., Livonija je postala vazalno vojvodstvo <a href="/wiki/Litva" title="Litva">litavskom nadvodvojstvu</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Osam godina kasnije, 1569. god., kada su nadvodvojstvo Litva i Kraljevina Poljska sklopile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poljsko-Litavski_savez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poljsko-Litavski savez (stranica ne postoji)">Poljsko-Litavski savez</a>, Livonija je postala članicom.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik_XIV._%C5%A0vedski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik XIV. Švedski (stranica ne postoji)">Erik XIV. Švedski</a> je već ratovao zbog ekspanzionizma Poljske u <a href="/wiki/Sedmogodi%C5%A1nji_rat" title="Sedmogodišnji rat">Sedmogodišnjem ratu</a> (1563.) protiv slobodnog grada <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübecka</a>, Danske i Poljske. Nakon što su sve strane bile financijski iscrpljene potpisan je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_u_Stettinu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir u Stettinu (stranica ne postoji)">mir u Stettinu</a> <a href="/wiki/15._prosinca" title="15. prosinca">15. prosinca</a> <a href="/wiki/1570." title="1570.">1570.</a> god. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livonijsko_kraljevstvo_(1570._–_1578.)"><span id="Livonijsko_kraljevstvo_.281570._.E2.80.93_1578..29"></span>Livonijsko kraljevstvo (1570. – 1578.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Livonijsko kraljevstvo (1570. – 1578.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Livonijsko kraljevstvo (1570. – 1578.)"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vojska <a href="/wiki/Ivan_IV._Grozni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan IV. Grozni">Ivana Groznog</a> je bila uspješna u osvajanju zapada; zauzela je <a href="/wiki/Polock" title="Polock">Polock</a> (<a href="/wiki/1563." title="1563.">1563.</a>) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parnawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parnawa (stranica ne postoji)">Parnawu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1575." title="1575.">1575.</a>) i poharala Litavsko nadvojvodstvo sve do <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilniusa</a>. Naposljetku Ivan Grozni je osvojio cijeli Livonijski teritorij osim <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Rige</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rewel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rewel (stranica ne postoji)">Rewela</a>. Nakon brojnih poraza od <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">Rusa</a>, 1578. god., livonijski kralj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_od_Livonije&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnus od Livonije (stranica ne postoji)">Magnus</a> je priznao vlast <a href="/wiki/Poljska-Litva" class="mw-redirect" title="Poljska-Litva">Poljske</a> i povukao se u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurlandijska&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurlandijska (stranica ne postoji)">kurlandijsku</a> biskupiju odrećući se cijele Livonije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livonija_u_Poljsko-Litvanskom_savezu_(1578._–_1700.)"><span id="Livonija_u_Poljsko-Litvanskom_savezu_.281578._.E2.80.93_1700..29"></span>Livonija u Poljsko-Litvanskom savezu (1578. – 1700.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Livonija u Poljsko-Litvanskom savezu (1578. – 1700.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Livonija u Poljsko-Litvanskom savezu (1578. – 1700.)"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Riga_1650.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Riga_1650.jpg/200px-Riga_1650.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Riga_1650.jpg/300px-Riga_1650.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Riga_1650.jpg/400px-Riga_1650.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Christoph_Brotze&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Christoph Brotze (stranica ne postoji)">Johann Christoph Brotze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> <a href="/wiki/1650." title="1650.">1650.</a><center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <p>Poljski kralj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan_Batory&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan Batory (stranica ne postoji)">Stefan Batory</a> je, uz potporu <a href="/wiki/Osmansko_Carstvo" title="Osmansko Carstvo">Osmanskog Carstva</a> (<a href="/wiki/1576." title="1576.">1576.</a>), odgovorio na ruske napade s tri kontranapada na Moskvu, u pokušaju da trajno odvoji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livonijsko_kraljevstvo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Livonijsko kraljevstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Livonijsko kraljevstvo</a> od moskovskih teritorija. U prvom napadaju 1579. god. s 22,000 vojnika oslobodio je <a href="/wiki/Polatsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Polatsk">Polotsk</a>, u drugom <a href="/wiki/1580." title="1580.">1580.</a> god. s 29.000 vojnika osvojio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wielkie_%C5%81uki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wielkie Łuki (stranica ne postoji)">Veliku Luku</a>, a <a href="/wiki/1581." title="1581.">1581.</a> god. sa 100.000 vojnika započeo je opsjedati Pskov. S druge strane, <a href="/wiki/Fridrik_II._Danski" title="Fridrik II. Danski">Fridrik II. Danski</a> je bezuspješno ratovao protiv <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedske</a> i Poljske (<a href="/wiki/1577." title="1577.">1577.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1582." title="1582.">1582.</a>), te je potpisao sporazum sa švedskim kraljem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_III._%C5%A0vedski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan III. Švedski (stranica ne postoji)">Ivanom III.</a> 1580. god. darujući mu naslove u Livoniji. Moskva je priznala Poljsko-Litvansku vlast nad Livonijskim vojvodstvom (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ducatus_Ultradunensis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ducatus Ultradunensis (stranica ne postoji)">Ducatus Ultradunensis</a>) <a href="/wiki/1582." title="1582.">1582.</a> god. Nakon smrti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_von_Lyffland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnus von Lyffland (stranica ne postoji)">Magnusa von Lyfflanda</a> (<a href="/wiki/1583." title="1583.">1583.</a>), Poljska je izvršila invaziju na njegovo vojvodstvo <a href="/wiki/Kurlandija" title="Kurlandija">Kurlandija</a>, a Fridrik II. se odlučio odreći prava na nasljedstvo tog vojvodstva i prodati ga Poljacima. Osim otok <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%92sel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Œsel (stranica ne postoji)">Œsel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danska" title="Danska">Danska</a> je napustila istočnu obalu <a href="/wiki/Baltik" title="Baltik">Baltika</a> do <a href="/wiki/1585." title="1585.">1585.</a> god. </p><p>Od <a href="/wiki/1598." title="1598.">1598.</a> <a href="/wiki/Livonija" title="Livonija">Livonija</a> je bila podijeljena na: </p> <ul><li>Vojvodstvo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wenden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wenden (stranica ne postoji)">Wenden</a> (<i>województwo wendeńskie</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kie%C5%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kieś (stranica ne postoji)">Kieś</a>)</li> <li>Vojvodstvo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorpat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorpat (stranica ne postoji)">Dorpat</a> (<i>województwo dorpackie</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorpat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorpat (stranica ne postoji)">Dorpat</a>)</li> <li>Vojvodstvo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parnawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parnawa (stranica ne postoji)">Parnawa</a> (<i>województwo parnawskie</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parnawa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parnawa (stranica ne postoji)">Parnawa</a>)</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Duchy_of_Courland_%26_Semigallia_1740.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Duchy_of_Courland_%26_Semigallia_1740.svg/200px-Duchy_of_Courland_%26_Semigallia_1740.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Duchy_of_Courland_%26_Semigallia_1740.svg/300px-Duchy_of_Courland_%26_Semigallia_1740.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Duchy_of_Courland_%26_Semigallia_1740.svg/400px-Duchy_of_Courland_%26_Semigallia_1740.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurlandsko_vojvodstvo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurlandsko vojvodstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Kurlandsko vojvodstvo</a> <a href="/wiki/1740." title="1740.">1740.</a> god.</figcaption></figure> <p>U 17. stoljeću, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurlandsko_vojvodstvo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurlandsko vojvodstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Kurlandsko vojvodstvo</a>, koje je nekad bilo dijelom Livonije, ostvarilo je golem ekonomski napredak. Čak je ustanovilo dvije kolonije, jednu na riječnom otoku na rijeci <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambia (stranica ne postoji)">Gambiji</a> a drugu na otoku <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a> u <a href="/wiki/Karipsko_more" title="Karipsko more">Karipskom moru</a>). I danas na tim otocima postoje imena mjesta iz tog vremena. </p><p>Nakon Poljsko-Švedskog rata (<a href="/wiki/1600." title="1600.">1600.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1629." title="1629.">1629.</a>) Riga je dospjela pod <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">švedsku</a> vlast <a href="/wiki/1621." title="1621.">1621.</a> god. i uskoro je postala najveći i najrazvijeniji švedski grad. U to doba <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidzeme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidzeme (stranica ne postoji)">Vidzeme</a> je glasila kao "Švedska žitnica" jer je opskrbljavala cijelu Švedsku žitom. Ostatak Latvije je ostao u poljskim rukama do druge podjele Poljske <a href="/wiki/1793." title="1793.">1793.</a> god. kada je pripala Rusiji. </p><p>Kulturalno ujedinjenje i pomirdba Latvijaca se također dogodila u 17. stoljeću s pojavom Latvijskih naroda koji su govorili zajedničkim Latvijskim jezikom (<a href="/wiki/Latvijski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijski">Latvijski</a>: <i>latviešu valoda</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Između_Švedske_i_Rusije"><span id="Izme.C4.91u_.C5.A0vedske_i_Rusije"></span>Između Švedske i Rusije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Između Švedske i Rusije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Između Švedske i Rusije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mirom u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliwa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliwa (stranica ne postoji)">Oliwi</a> (<a href="/wiki/1660." title="1660.">1660.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">Poljska</a> je veći dio države prepustila Švedskoj (osim južne <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvije</a>). <a href="/wiki/Veliki_sjeverni_rat" title="Veliki sjeverni rat">Veliki sjeverni rat</a> (<a href="/wiki/1700." title="1700.">1700.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1721." title="1721.">1721.</a>) između <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedske</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusije</a> vođen je upravo zbog teritorija današnje Latvije i kontrole slavnog i bogatog grada <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Rige</a>. God. <a href="/wiki/1710." title="1710.">1710.</a>, ruski car <a href="/wiki/Petar_Veliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Petar Veliki">Petar Veliki</a> je uspio osvojiti pokrajinu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidzeme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidzeme (stranica ne postoji)">Vidzeme</a> preko koje je do Rige održavao čist put prema <a href="/wiki/Baltik" title="Baltik">Baltiku</a>, a ti me i Europi. Mirom u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nystad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nystad (stranica ne postoji)">Nystadu</a> Švedska je svoje područje Latvije prepustila <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusiji</a> koja tada pod svoju vlast stekla cijelu Latviju.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>God. <a href="/wiki/1817." title="1817.">1817.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1819." title="1819.">1819.</a> ukinuto je <a href="/wiki/Kmetstvo" title="Kmetstvo">kmetstvo</a> u Latviji, a <a href="/wiki/1849." title="1849.">1849.</a> god. uveden je zakkon kojim je omogućeno stvaranje seljačkih gospodarstava. Reforme su kasnile u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latgalija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Latgalija (stranica ne postoji)">Latgaliji</a> gdje je kmetstvo ukinuto tek <a href="/wiki/1861." title="1861.">1861.</a> god. <a href="/wiki/Industrija" title="Industrija">Industrija</a> se također brzo razvijala i broj stanovnika je rastao. Latvija je postala najrazvijenija ruska pokrajina. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Janis_Rainis_bust_in_Daugavpils2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Janis_Rainis_bust_in_Daugavpils2.JPG/100px-Janis_Rainis_bust_in_Daugavpils2.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Janis_Rainis_bust_in_Daugavpils2.JPG/150px-Janis_Rainis_bust_in_Daugavpils2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Janis_Rainis_bust_in_Daugavpils2.JPG/200px-Janis_Rainis_bust_in_Daugavpils2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Bista pjesnika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janis_Rainis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Janis Rainis (stranica ne postoji)">Janisa Rainisa</a> u <a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Daugavpilsu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Riga_old.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Riga_old.jpg/200px-Riga_old.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Riga_old.jpg/300px-Riga_old.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Riga_old.jpg/400px-Riga_old.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3171" data-file-height="2289" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> s razglednice iz <a href="/wiki/1900." title="1900.">1900.</a> god.<center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <p>U <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeću</a> latvijski intelektualci su pokrenuli <a href="/wiki/Latvijsko_narodno_bu%C4%91enje" title="Latvijsko narodno buđenje">Latvijsko narodno buđenje</a>, pokret koji je sličio mnogim <a href="/wiki/Nacionalizam" title="Nacionalizam">nacionalističkim</a> pokretima u Europi. Od 1850-ih do 1880-ih ovaj pokret su vodili "Mlado-latvijci" (<a href="/wiki/Latvijski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijski">latvijski</a>: <i>jaunlatvieši</i>). Iako izvorno samo književni i kulturni pokret, uskoro je dobio značajnu političku važnost, osobito kad su se Mladolatvijci sukobili s Baltičkim <a href="/wiki/Nijemci" title="Nijemci">Nijemcima</a>. </p><p>S rastom gradova i njihovom industrijalizacijom, koncem 1880-ih nastao je i ljevičarski pokret "Nova Struja" kojeg su vodili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainis (stranica ne postoji)">Rainis</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%93teris_Stu%C4%8Dka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pēteris Stučka (stranica ne postoji)">Pēteris Stučka</a>, urednici novina <i>Dienas Lapa</i>. Na ovaj pokret je snažno utjecao <a href="/wiki/Marksizam" title="Marksizam">marksizam</a>, što je dovelo do osnivanja <i>Latvijske Socijal-demokratske radničke stranke</i>. </p><p>Nezadovoljni <a href="/wiki/Latvijci" title="Latvijci">Latvijci</a> su aktivno sudjelovali u neuspjeloj <a href="/wiki/Ruska_revolucija" title="Ruska revolucija">Ruskoj revoluciji</a> <a href="/wiki/1905." title="1905.">1905.</a> god. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Borba_za_neovisnost_Latvije">Borba za neovisnost Latvije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Borba za neovisnost Latvije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Borba za neovisnost Latvije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ideja neovisnosti Latvije zaživjela je početkom <a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" title="20. stoljeće">20. stoljeća</a>. Tijekom <a href="/wiki/Prvi_svjetski_rat" title="Prvi svjetski rat">Prvog svjetskog rata</a>, u proljeće <a href="/wiki/1917." title="1917.">1917.</a> god. <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačka</a> je okupirala veći dio Latvije (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujedinjeno_Balti%C4%8Dko_vojvodstvo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ujedinjeno Baltičko vojvodstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Ujedinjeno Baltičko vojvodstvo</a>), dok je na drugom dijelu, nakon <a href="/wiki/Oktobarska_revolucija" title="Oktobarska revolucija">Oktobarske revolucije</a> (1917.) uspostavljena <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">sovjetska</a> vlast. Latvijski strijelci (<i>latviešu strēlnieki</i>), koji su se borili na ruskoj strani, postali su slavni širom Europe zbog svoje hrabrosti. Tijekom <a href="/wiki/Ruski_gra%C4%91anski_rat" title="Ruski građanski rat">Ruskog građanskog rata</a> (1917. – <a href="/wiki/1922." title="1922.">1922.</a>) Latvijci su se borili na obje strane, a Latvijski strijelci su većinom podržavali <a href="/wiki/Bolj%C5%A1evizam" title="Boljševizam">Boljševike</a>. </p><p>Nakon što je <a href="/wiki/Brest-Litovski_mir" class="mw-redirect" title="Brest-Litovski mir">Brest-Litovskim mirom</a> u ožujku <a href="/wiki/1918." title="1918.">1918.</a> Latvija u cijelosti prepuštena Njemačkoj, ustrojena je građanska vlada na čelu s <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%81rlis_Ulmanis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kārlis Ulmanis (stranica ne postoji)">Kārlisom Ulmanisom</a> i započeo je <a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%91anski_rat" title="Građanski rat">građanski rat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latvijski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijski">latvijski</a>: <i>Latvijas brīvības cīņas</i>, Latvijski rat za slobodu). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 915px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Latvian_Independence_War_1918.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Studeni 1918.: Većinu Latvije zauzele su njemačke snage (narančasto)"><img alt="Studeni 1918.: Većinu Latvije zauzele su njemačke snage (narančasto)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Latvian_Independence_War_1918.svg/140px-Latvian_Independence_War_1918.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Latvian_Independence_War_1918.svg/210px-Latvian_Independence_War_1918.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Latvian_Independence_War_1918.svg/280px-Latvian_Independence_War_1918.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Studeni 1918.</b>: Većinu Latvije zauzele su njemačke snage (narančasto)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Latvian_Independence_War_1919.03.06.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="6 ožujka 1919.: Nakon sovjetskog napada većina Latvije je bila pod kontrolom boljševika (roze)"><img alt="6 ožujka 1919.: Nakon sovjetskog napada većina Latvije je bila pod kontrolom boljševika (roze)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.03.06.svg/140px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.03.06.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.03.06.svg/210px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.03.06.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.03.06.svg/280px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.03.06.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>6 ožujka 1919.</b>: Nakon sovjetskog napada većina Latvije je bila pod kontrolom boljševika (roze)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Latvian_Independence_War_1919.04.16.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="16 travnja 1919.: U ožujku ujedinjene njemačke i latvijske snage (narančasto i žuto) su izvele kontranapad i zauzele većinu Kurlandije"><img alt="16 travnja 1919.: U ožujku ujedinjene njemačke i latvijske snage (narančasto i žuto) su izvele kontranapad i zauzele većinu Kurlandije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.04.16.svg/140px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.04.16.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.04.16.svg/210px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.04.16.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.04.16.svg/280px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.04.16.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>16 travnja 1919.</b>: U ožujku ujedinjene njemačke i latvijske snage (narančasto i žuto) su izvele kontranapad i zauzele većinu <a href="/wiki/Kurlandija" title="Kurlandija">Kurlandije</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Latvian_Independence_War_1919.06.22.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="22 lipnja 1919.: Ujedinjene estonske i latvijske snage (ljubičasto) sukobile su se s njemačkim snagama kod Cēsisa i izvojovale pobjedu"><img alt="22 lipnja 1919.: Ujedinjene estonske i latvijske snage (ljubičasto) sukobile su se s njemačkim snagama kod Cēsisa i izvojovale pobjedu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.06.22.svg/140px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.06.22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.06.22.svg/210px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.06.22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.06.22.svg/280px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.06.22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>22 lipnja 1919.</b>: Ujedinjene estonske i latvijske snage (ljubičasto) sukobile su se s njemačkim snagama kod Cēsisa i izvojovale pobjedu</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Latvian_Independence_War_1919.11.11.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="11 studenog 1919.: Latvijska vojska je zauzela većinu Vidzeme i napala je Bermontiance, koji su se morali povući"><img alt="11 studenog 1919.: Latvijska vojska je zauzela većinu Vidzeme i napala je Bermontiance, koji su se morali povući" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.11.11.svg/140px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.11.11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.11.11.svg/210px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.11.11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Latvian_Independence_War_1919.11.11.svg/280px-Latvian_Independence_War_1919.11.11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>11 studenog 1919.</b>: Latvijska vojska je zauzela većinu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vidzeme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vidzeme (stranica ne postoji)">Vidzeme</a> i napala je Bermontiance, koji su se morali povući</div> </li> </ul> <p>Već <a href="/wiki/18._studenog" class="mw-redirect" title="18. studenog">18. studenog</a> 1918. god. Latvija je proglasila neovisnost i taj dan se i danas slavi kao <i>Dan neovisnosti Latvije</i>. Prva sila koja je priznala neovisnu Latviju bila je <a href="/wiki/Sovjetska_Rusija" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovjetska Rusija">Sovjetska Rusija</a> (<a href="/wiki/11._kolovoza" title="11. kolovoza">11. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1920." title="1920.">1920.</a>), čime se javno odrekla presezanja za latvijskim teritorijem. Uslijedilo je priynanje Međunarodne zajednice <a href="/wiki/26._sije%C4%8Dnja" title="26. siječnja">26. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1921." title="1921.">1921.</a> god. nakon čega su uslijedila pojedinačna priznavanja i primanje u <a href="/wiki/Liga_naroda" title="Liga naroda">Ligu naroda</a> (<a href="/wiki/22._rujna" title="22. rujna">22. rujna</a> 1921.). </p><p>Pobijedivši u građanskom ratu, vlada Kārlisa Ulmanisa je <a href="/wiki/16._velja%C4%8De" title="16. veljače">16. veljače</a> <a href="/wiki/1922." title="1922.">1922.</a> god. proglasila neovisnu Republiku Latviju i sklopila mir sa Sovjetskom Rusijom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neovisna_Republika_Latvija">Neovisna Republika Latvija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Neovisna Republika Latvija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Neovisna Republika Latvija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Karlis_Ulmanis_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Karlis_Ulmanis_1934.jpg/200px-Karlis_Ulmanis_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Karlis_Ulmanis_1934.jpg/300px-Karlis_Ulmanis_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Karlis_Ulmanis_1934.jpg/400px-Karlis_Ulmanis_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption><center><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlis_Ulmanis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlis Ulmanis (stranica ne postoji)">Karlis Ulmanis</a> <a href="/wiki/1934." title="1934.">1934.</a> god.<center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <p>Početkom 1930-ih je zbog <a href="/wiki/Velika_depresija" class="mw-redirect" title="Velika depresija">Svjetske ekonomske krize</a> u Latviji vladalo opće nezadovoljstvo što je iskoristio jedan od tvoraca latvijske neovisnosti, premijer Kārlis Ulmanis, da izvede nenasilni <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_udar" class="mw-redirect" title="Državni udar">državni udar</a> (<i>coup d'état</i>) <a href="/wiki/15._svibnja" title="15. svibnja">15. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1934." title="1934.">1934.</a> god. Državnim udarom uspostavljena raspušten je parlament (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Saeima&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saeima (stranica ne postoji)">Saeima</a>), zabranjene su sve političke stranke i uvedena je <a href="/wiki/Diktatura" title="Diktatura">diktatura</a>. </p><p>Brz gospodarski razvoj u drugoj polovici 1930-ih, kojim je Latvija ostvarila jedan od najviših životnih standarda u Europi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Zbog boljeg standarda života u latvijskom društvu, nije bilo ozbiljne oporbe autoritativnoj vlasti premijera Kārlisa Ulmanisa i nikakve mogućnosti za pobunu. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Riga_1940_Soviet_Army.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Riga_1940_Soviet_Army.jpg/200px-Riga_1940_Soviet_Army.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Riga_1940_Soviet_Army.jpg/300px-Riga_1940_Soviet_Army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Riga_1940_Soviet_Army.jpg/400px-Riga_1940_Soviet_Army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption><center>Ulazak <a href="/wiki/Crvena_armija" title="Crvena armija">Crvene armije</a> u <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Rigu</a> 1940. god.<center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latvija_u_Drugom_svjetskom_ratu">Latvija u Drugom svjetskom ratu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Latvija u Drugom svjetskom ratu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Latvija u Drugom svjetskom ratu"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakon izbijanja <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a> vlada Latvije je bila prisiljena (skupa s <a href="/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija">Estonijom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Litva" title="Litva">Litvom</a>) potpisati sa <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a>-om sporazum o uzajamnoj pomoći i dopustiti uspostavu vojnih baza na svojem teritoriju (<a href="/wiki/30._listopada" title="30. listopada">30. listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1939." title="1939.">1939.</a>). Sedam mjeseci kasnije sovjetski ministar vanjskih poslova, Vyacheslav Molotov, optužio je Latviju da spletkari s ostalim baltičkim zemljama protiv SSSR-a i sovjetske postrojbe su <a href="/wiki/17._lipnja" title="17. lipnja">17. lipnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1940." title="1940.">1940.</a> god. ušle u Latviju. U ljeto iste godine Latvija je proglašena Sovjetskom Republikom, a u kolovozu (nakon orkestriranih izbora) priključena je SSSR-u kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvijska_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Latvijska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika (stranica ne postoji)">Latvijska Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika</a>. U proljeće 1941. god. sovjetske vlasti su organizirale masovnu deportaciju "anti-sovjetskih elemenata" iz okupiranih baltičkih zemalja. Tako je tijekom noći s 13. na 14. lipnja 1941. god. deportirano 15.424 građana Latvije uključujući 1.771 <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidov" class="mw-redirect" title="Židov">Židova</a>, ali i 742 <a href="/wiki/Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rus">Rusa</a> u posebne logore i naselja, većinom u <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibiru</a>. Naposljetku je, tijekom samo prvih pet godina sovjetske okupacije, deportirano oko 35.000 ljudi iz Latvije (131.500 uključujući sve baltičke zemlje). Nacistička invazija, koja je uslijedila samo tjedan dana poslije, spriječila je još veću planiranu deportaciju od nekoliko stotina tisuća ljudi. </p><p>Od <a href="/wiki/1._lipnja" title="1. lipnja">1. lipnja</a> 1941. god. Latvija se nalazila pod <a href="/wiki/Nacisti%C4%8Dka_Njema%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacistička Njemačka">njemačkom</a> okupacijom. Odmah nakon okupacije započelo se s eliminacijom židovske i <a href="/wiki/Romi" title="Romi">romske</a> populacije koje se većinom odvijalo u zloglasnom logoru u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumbula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumbula (stranica ne postoji)">Rumbuli</a>. U ubijanju su pored njemačkih postrojbi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Einsatzgruppe_A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Einsatzgruppe A (stranica ne postoji)">Einsatzgruppe A</a> i <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmachta</a> sudjelovali i latvijski kolaboracionisti SD divizije. Do konca 1941. god. skoro cijela židovska populacija je bila ili ubijena ili odvedena u <a href="/wiki/Koncentracijski_logor" title="Koncentracijski logor">koncentracijske logore</a> u <a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dka" title="Njemačka">Njemačku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrija" title="Austrija">Austriju</a> i današnju <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka">Češku</a>. <a href="/wiki/Holokaust" title="Holokaust">Holokaust</a> u Latviji ima oko 85.000 (od kojih su 26.000 ubili pripadnici latvijskih Arajs komandosa).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veliki broj Latvijaca je pružilo otpor okupatoru u <i>Latvijskom pokretu otpora</i> koji se podijelio između <i>Latvijskog centralnog vijeća</i> i pro-sovjetskog <i>Latvijskog partizanskog pokreta</i> (<i>латвийский штаб партизанского движения</i>) sa sjedištem u <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskvi</a>. Od <a href="/wiki/1943." title="1943.">1943.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1944." title="1944.">1944.</a> god. njemačke <a href="/wiki/Waffen_SS" title="Waffen SS">Waffen SS</a> postrojbe je porazila <a href="/wiki/Crvena_armija" title="Crvena armija">Crvena armija</a>. Tijekom ovih sukoba obje strane su regrutirale Latvijce i oni su bili među najbrojnijim žrtvama. God. <a href="/wiki/1944." title="1944.">1944.</a> Sovjetski savez je zauzeo cijelu Latviju i započeo je s uvođenjem <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunizma</a>. Nakon njemačke predaje bilo je jasno da se SSSR neće povući iz Latvije i <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0umska_Bra%C4%87a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Šumska Braća (stranica ne postoji)">Šumska Braća</a> (gerilske postrojbe boraca za neovisnost) se ujedinila s njemačkim kolaboracionistima protiv novog okupatora - Sovjetskog Saveza. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_(1953%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><center>Zastava Sovjetske Socijalističke Republike Latvije<center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latvija_u_SSSR-u">Latvija u SSSR-u</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Latvija u SSSR-u" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Latvija u SSSR-u"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata Latvija se našla pod sovjetskom dominacijom, a sjeveroistočni dio zemlje priključen je Ruskoj Sovjetskoj Federativnoj Socijalističkoj Republici. </p><p>Prvih poslijeratnih godina 120.000 Latvijaca je uhićeno ili deportirano u Sovjetski savez, dok su neki uspjeli pobjeći i pridružiti se Šumskoj Braći; oko 130.000 je izbjeglo na zapad. <a href="/wiki/25._o%C5%BEujka" title="25. ožujka">25. ožujka</a> <a href="/wiki/1949." title="1949.">1949.</a> god., 43.000 seljaka iz "<a href="/wiki/Kulak" title="Kulak">kulaka</a>" i Latvijskih patriota ("nacionalista") deportirano je u <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibir</a> iz triju baltičkih zemalja (<a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija">Estonije</a> i <a href="/wiki/Litva" title="Litva">Litve</a>). </p><p>Pokrenut je i opsežan program <i>dvojezičnosti</i> u Latviji, ograničavajući uporabu manjinskih jezika na korist <a href="/wiki/Latvijski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvijski">Latvijskog</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ruski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruski">Ruskog jezika</a>. Također, Latvija je bila prisiljena prihvatiti plansko gospodarstvo koje je razvijeno 1920-ih i 1930-ih, a poljoprivredna dobra su prisiljena na kolektivizaciju. </p><p>Latvija je uspjela održati razvijenu infrastrukturu i veliki broj obrazovanih stručnjaka, što je navelo Moskvu da neke od najrazvijenih sovjetskih tvornica bazira upravo u Latviji. Osnovane su zrakoplovna mašinska industrija i tvornice elektrotehničke opreme, kao i prerada mašinskog i jestivog ulja. Kako nije bilo dovoljno radne snage u ovim tvornicama, dovođeni su <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">ruski</a> radnici koji su naposljetku počeli potiskavati autohtono stanovništvo. Do <a href="/wiki/1989." title="1989.">1989.</a> god. postotak <a href="/wiki/Latvijci" title="Latvijci">Latvijaca</a> je činio samo 52% populacije (1,387.757), u usporedbi s predratnim postotkom od 77% (1,467.035). Taj negativni trend pada ima stanovništva nastavio se i nadalje te je do <a href="/wiki/2005." title="2005.">2005.</a> god. broj Latvijaca iznosio 1,357.099 stanovnika što je ipak činilo 60% ukupne populacije Latvije (2,375.000). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:LT-1999-50lit%C5%B3-Baltijos_kelias-b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/LT-1999-50lit%C5%B3-Baltijos_kelias-b.png/200px-LT-1999-50lit%C5%B3-Baltijos_kelias-b.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/LT-1999-50lit%C5%B3-Baltijos_kelias-b.png 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption><center>Komemorativni <a href="/wiki/Litvanski_litas" class="mw-redirect" title="Litvanski litas">Litvanski litas</a> za desetogodišnjicu Baltičkog puta<center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/23._kolovoza" title="23. kolovoza">23. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1989." title="1989.">1989.</a> god. održane su političke demonstracije nazvane <a href="/wiki/Balti%C4%8Dki_put" title="Baltički put">Baltički put</a> prilikom koje su se oko dva milijuna ljudi povezalo rukama čineći ljudski lanac duži od 600&#160;km kroz tri baltičke države (Estonije, Latvije i Litve). Ove demonstracije su </p><p>Na demokratskim izborima u ožujku <a href="/wiki/1990." title="1990.">1990.</a> god., stranka za neovisnost, Latvijski popularni front, osvojila je dvije trećine mandata u Vrhovnom vijeću. </p><p>Raspadom SSSR-a obnovljeno je višestranačje (<a href="/wiki/4._svibnja" title="4. svibnja">4. svibnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1990." title="1990.">1990.</a>), a <a href="/wiki/21._kolovoza" title="21. kolovoza">21. kolovoza</a> <a href="/wiki/1991." title="1991.">1991.</a> god. proglašena je neovisnost Latvije. Sovjetske vojne snage su se povukle do <a href="/wiki/1994." title="1994.">1994.</a> god.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moderna_Republika_Latvija">Moderna Republika Latvija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Moderna Republika Latvija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Moderna Republika Latvija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:GW_Bush,_Vike-Freiberga_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GW_Bush%2C_Vike-Freiberga_2006.jpg/200px-GW_Bush%2C_Vike-Freiberga_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GW_Bush%2C_Vike-Freiberga_2006.jpg/300px-GW_Bush%2C_Vike-Freiberga_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/GW_Bush%2C_Vike-Freiberga_2006.jpg/400px-GW_Bush%2C_Vike-Freiberga_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="349" /></a><figcaption><center>Predsjednica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (stranica ne postoji)">Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga</a> S <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bushom</a> na sastanku članica NATO saveza u Rigi <a href="/wiki/2006." title="2006.">2006.</a> god.<center></center></center></figcaption></figure> <p>God. <a href="/wiki/1992." title="1992.">1992.</a> <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvija</a> je dobila pomoć od <a href="/wiki/MMF" class="mw-redirect" title="MMF">Međunarodnog Monetarnog Fonda</a>, a <a href="/wiki/1994." title="1994.">1994.</a> je pristupila <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-vom programu <a href="/wiki/Partnerstvo_za_mir" title="Partnerstvo za mir">Partnerstvo za mir</a> i potpisala je trgovački sporazum s <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">Europskom unijom</a>. Latvija je postala članicom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europsko_Vije%C4%87e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Europsko Vijeće (stranica ne postoji)">Europskog Vijeća</a> i kandidat za prijem u EU i NATO. Također je bila prva od tri baltičke zemlje koja je primljena u Svjetsku trgovačku organizaciju (<a href="/wiki/WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a>). </p><p>Od <a href="/wiki/1990." title="1990.">1990.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1993." title="1993.">1993.</a> god. predsjednik Latvije bio je <a href="/wiki/Anatolijs_Gorbunovs" title="Anatolijs Gorbunovs">Anatolijs Gorbunovs</a>, a od 1993. – <a href="/wiki/1999." title="1999.">1999.</a> god. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guntis_Ulmanis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Guntis Ulmanis (stranica ne postoji)">Guntis Ulmanis</a>. Tijekom njihovog predsjedovanja Latvija je vodila povremene sporove s <a href="/wiki/Estonija" title="Estonija">Estonijom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Litva" title="Litva">Litvom</a> oko granica na moru i rješavala je problem s <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusijom</a> oko statusa ruske manjine u Latviji. </p><p>Od 1999. god. predsjednica je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaira_Vi%C4%B7e-Freiberga&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaira Viķe-Freiberga (stranica ne postoji)">Vaira Viķe-Freiberga</a>, prva žena predsjednica jedne države u bivšem socijalističkom bloku. </p><p>Na koncu 1999. god. u <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinkiju</a>, poglavari Europske unije pozvali su Latviju da započne pregovore za prijem u EU. Od 72,5% glasača koji su pristupili <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendumu</a> za članstvo u EU, u rujnu <a href="/wiki/2003." title="2003.">2003.</a> god., njih oko 67% glasalo je za članstvo. God. <a href="/wiki/2004." title="2004.">2004.</a> Latvijski najvažniji politički ciljevi, članstvo u NATO (<a href="/wiki/2._travnja" title="2. travnja">2. travnja</a>) i EU (<a href="/wiki/1._svibnja" title="1. svibnja">1. svibnja</a>), su se ostvarili. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilješke"><span id="Bilje.C5.A1ke"></span>Bilješke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Bilješke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bilješke"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/ee/msr/Ethno/dategen1.html">http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/ee/msr/Ethno/dategen1.html</a> &#8194;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060622113922/http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/ee/msr/Ethno/dategen1.html">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a>&#32;od 22. lipnja 2006. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) Etnopovijesni projekt</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfredas Bumblauskas, <i>Povijest Litve od 1009. - 1795.</i>, <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman Davies, Europa: Povijest, Oxford University Press, 1996. [url =<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0198201710&amp;id=jrVW9W9eiYMC&amp;pg=PA555&amp;lpg=PA555&amp;vq=Livonia&amp;dq=Livonia+1561&amp;sig=1Sl_hyH0vNKbfvIJPNfhpY1K8xw">http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0198201710&amp;id=jrVW9W9eiYMC&amp;pg=PA555&amp;lpg=PA555&amp;vq=Livonia&amp;dq=Livonia+1561&amp;sig=1Sl_hyH0vNKbfvIJPNfhpY1K8xw</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Do konca 18. stoljeća, zahvaljujući podjeli Poljske, Rusija će zauzeti cijelu Latviju.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Raimonds Cerūzis, <i>Borba za neovisnost i Republika Latvija</i>, 2007.-2008., Latvijski sveučilišni institut <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.li.lv/index.php?Itemid=446&amp;id=71&amp;option=com_content&amp;task=view">[1]</a> &#8194;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202145127/http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=71&amp;Itemid=446">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a>&#32;od 2. prosinca 2008. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Ezergailis, <i>Holokaust u Latviji</i>, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5378.htm">[2]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija br. 12.</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernji_list" title="Večernji list">Večernji list</a> d. d., <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> 2007. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-953-7224-12-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-953-7224-12-0">978-953-7224-12-0</a>&#160;<span class="error" style="font-size:88%"><abbr title="pogrešna zbrojna znamenka">nevaljani&#160;ISBN</abbr></span></li> <li><i>Povijest svijeta</i>, The Times, Hena com, Zagreb, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_standardni_knji%C5%BEni_broj" title="Međunarodni standardni knjižni broj">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/953-6510-62-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/953-6510-62-6">953-6510-62-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveznice">Poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#eeeeee" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;background:#eeeeee;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Povijest_Europe" title="Predložak:Povijest Europe"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";background:#eeeeee;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Povijest_Europe&amp;action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#eeeeee;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Europe" title="Povijest Europe">Povijest</a> <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država">država</a> u <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#eeeeee;">Samostalne države</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Albanije" title="Povijest Albanije">Albanija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Andore" title="Povijest Andore">Andora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Austrije" title="Povijest Austrije">Austrija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Azerbajd%C5%BEana" title="Povijest Azerbajdžana">Azerbajdžan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Belgije" title="Povijest Belgije">Belgija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Bjelorusije" title="Povijest Bjelorusije">Bjelorusija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Bosne_i_Hercegovine" title="Povijest Bosne i Hercegovine">Bosna i Hercegovina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Bugarske" title="Povijest Bugarske">Bugarska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Cipra" title="Povijest Cipra">Cipar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Crne_Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="Povijest Crne Gore">Crna Gora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ke" title="Povijest Češke">Češka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Danske" title="Povijest Danske">Danska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Estonije" title="Povijest Estonije">Estonija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Finske" title="Povijest Finske">Finska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Francuske" title="Povijest Francuske">Francuska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Gr%C4%8Dke" title="Povijest Grčke">Grčka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Gruzije" title="Povijest Gruzije">Gruzija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Hrvatske" class="mw-redirect" title="Povijest Hrvatske">Hrvatska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Irske" title="Povijest Irske">Irska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Islanda" title="Povijest Islanda">Island</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Italije" title="Povijest Italije">Italija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kazahstana" title="Povijest Kazahstana">Kazahstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kosova" title="Povijest Kosova">Kosovo</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latvija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Lihten%C5%A1tajna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Lihtenštajna (stranica ne postoji)">Lihtenštajn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Litve" title="Povijest Litve">Litva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Luksemburga" title="Povijest Luksemburga">Luksemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Ma%C4%91arske" title="Povijest Mađarske">Mađarska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Malte" title="Povijest Malte">Malta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Moldavije" title="Povijest Moldavije">Moldova</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Monaka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Monaka (stranica ne postoji)">Monako</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Nizozemske" title="Povijest Nizozemske">Nizozemska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Norve%C5%A1ke" title="Povijest Norveške">Norveška</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Njema%C4%8Dke" title="Povijest Njemačke">Njemačka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Poljske" title="Povijest Poljske">Poljska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Portugala" title="Povijest Portugala">Portugal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Rumunjske" title="Povijest Rumunjske">Rumunjska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Rusije" title="Povijest Rusije">Rusija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_San_Marina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest San Marina (stranica ne postoji)">San Marino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Sjeverne_Makedonije" title="Povijest Sjeverne Makedonije">Sjeverna Makedonija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Slova%C4%8Dke" title="Povijest Slovačke">Slovačka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Slovenije" title="Povijest Slovenije">Slovenija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Srbije" title="Povijest Srbije">Srbija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_%C5%A0panjolske" title="Povijest Španjolske">Španjolska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_%C5%A0vedske" title="Povijest Švedske">Švedska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_%C5%A0vicarske" title="Povijest Švicarske">Švicarska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Turske" title="Povijest Turske">Turska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Ujedinjenog_Kraljevstva" title="Povijest Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Ukrajine" title="Povijest Ukrajine">Ukrajina</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Vatikana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Vatikana (stranica ne postoji)">Vatikan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Popis_zavisnih_teritorija" title="Popis zavisnih teritorija">Zavisni teritoriji</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Akrotirija_i_Dhekelije&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Akrotirija i Dhekelije (stranica ne postoji)">Akrotiri i Dhekelia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_%C3%85landskih_otoka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Ålandskih otoka (stranica ne postoji)">Ålandski otoci</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Gibraltara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Gibraltara (stranica ne postoji)">Gibraltar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Grenlanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Grenlanda (stranica ne postoji)">Grenland</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Guernseya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Guernseya (stranica ne postoji)">Guernsey</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_otoka_Man&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest otoka Man (stranica ne postoji)">Otok Man</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_F%C3%B8royara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Føroyara (stranica ne postoji)">Føroyar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Jerseya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Jerseya (stranica ne postoji)">Jersey</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Jan_Mayena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Jan Mayena (stranica ne postoji)">Jan Mayen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Svalbarda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Svalbarda (stranica ne postoji)">Svalbard</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Popis_nepriznatih_dr%C5%BEava" title="Popis nepriznatih država">Nepriznate države</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Abhazije&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Abhazije (stranica ne postoji)">Abhazija</a> <small>(Gruzija)</small> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Gorskog_Karabaha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Gorskog Karabaha (stranica ne postoji)">Gorski Karabah</a> <small>(Azerbajdžan)</small><sup>2)</sup> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Ju%C5%BEne_Osetije&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Južne Osetije (stranica ne postoji)">Južna Osetija</a> <small>(Gruzija)</small> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Pridnjestrovske_Moldavske_Republike&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Pridnjestrovske Moldavske Republike (stranica ne postoji)">Pridnjestrovlje</a> <small>(Moldova)</small> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Turske_Republike_Sjeverni_Cipar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Turske Republike Sjeverni Cipar (stranica ne postoji)">Turska Republika Sjeverni Cipar</a> <small>(Cipar)</small><sup>2)</sup></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background:#eeeeee" colspan="2"><div> <p><sup>1)</sup>&#160;Značajan dio teritorija se nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Aziji</a>.&#160; <sup>2)</sup>&#160;U potpunosti u Aziji, ali ima društvene i političke veze s Europom.&#160; <sup>3)</sup>&#160;Posjeduje zavisne ili slične teritorije izvan Europe. </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Latvije&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja"><img alt="Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption>Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica?uselang=hr">Zajednički poslužitelj</a> ima još gradiva o temi <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Latvia?uselang=hr">Povijest Latvije</a></b></i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.li.lv/en/?id=16">Kratki pregled povijesti Latvije (en)</a> &#8194;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070715025844/http://www.li.lv/en/?id=16">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a>&#32;od 15. srpnja 2007. 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