CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <head> <base href="https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>فترة الهيكل الثاني - ويكيبيديا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )arwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,","٫\t٬"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9","٠\t١\t٢\t٣\t٤\t٥\t٦\t٧\t٨\t٩"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","يناير","فبراير","مارس","أبريل","مايو","يونيو","يوليو","أغسطس","سبتمبر","أكتوبر","نوفمبر","ديسمبر"],"wgRequestId":"f3da69a0-3a33-48d1-9a44-7c5db7acb4af","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName": "فترة_الهيكل_الثاني","wgTitle":"فترة الهيكل الثاني","wgCurRevisionId":64302501,"wgRevisionId":64302501,"wgArticleId":8224695,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ar","wgPageContentLanguage":"ar","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"فترة_الهيكل_الثاني","wgRelevantArticleId":8224695,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgStableRevisionId":64302501,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ar","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"ar"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages": true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym": "asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym": "ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"de","autonym":"Deutsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fi","autonym":"suomi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc", "autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ja","autonym":"日本語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym": "ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang" :"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nl","autonym":"Nederlands","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pl","autonym":"polski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym": "руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym": "slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sv","autonym":"svenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym": "ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tr","autonym":"Türkçe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang" :"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang" :"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw" ,"ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo" ,"min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2911414","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.73"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.Font-Amiri":"ready","ext.gadget.palestineTheme":"ready","ext.gadget.HideExLinkIcon":"ready","ext.gadget.Urgent-fixes":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.events-loader","ext.gadget.ArabicAds","ext.gadget.Defaulteditnotices","ext.gadget.NoRefCopy","ext.gadget.exlinks","ext.gadget.content-support-loader","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.TemplateParamWizard","ext.gadget.decodesummary", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=ext.gadget.Font-Amiri%2CHideExLinkIcon%2CUrgent-fixes%2CpalestineTheme&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg/1200px-Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="888"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg/800px-Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="592"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg/640px-Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="474"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="فترة الهيكل الثاني - ويكيبيديا"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="عدل" href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ويكيبيديا (ar)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ar.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ar"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-فترة_الهيكل_الثاني rootpage-فترة_الهيكل_الثاني stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="ar" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">الصفحة الرئيسة</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">عشوائي</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">بالقرب من هنا</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">دخول</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84&returnto=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">الإعدادات</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_ar.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dar%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">تبرع</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B9%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">حول ويكيبيديا</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">إخلاء مسؤولية</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" alt="ويكيبيديا" width="112" height="39" style="width: 7em; height: 2.4375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="خاص:بحث"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ابحث في ويكيبيديا" aria-label="ابحث في ويكيبيديا" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ابحث في ويكيبيديا [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>بحث</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="تصفح المستخدم"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"> <div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div> <script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\"\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"border: 1px solid #a40007; padding: 10px; width:100%; background-image: linear-gradient(#000000,#000000)\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:10%\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_(3).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/70px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"99\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/105px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/140px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"241\" data-file-height=\"342\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:80%; text-align:center ; color:white\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:100%\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85\" title=\"ويكيبيديا:أوقفوا الحرب وانشروا السلام\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003Eتضامنًا\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E مع حق الشعب \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"فلسطين\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003Eالفلسطيني\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003Eلا \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"الحرب الفلسطينية الإسرائيلية 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003Eللإبادة الجماعية في غزة\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E .... \u003Cb\u003Eلا \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_2023\" title=\"تصنيف:مذابح خلال الحرب الفلسطينية الإسرائيلية 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003Eلقتل المدنيين\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E \n\u003Cb\u003Eلا \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\" title=\"مجزرة مستشفى المعمداني\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003Eلاستهداف المستشفيات والمدارس\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E .... \u003Cb\u003Eلا \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89#الدعاية_الإسرائيلية\" title=\"عملية طوفان الأقصى\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003Eللتضليل والكيل بمكيالين\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"وقف إطلاق النار في غزة 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003Eأوقفوا الحرب\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E .... وانشروا السلام العادل والشامل\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script> </div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">فترة الهيكل الثاني</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> فترة في يهودية خلال مملكة الحشمونائيم, 516 ق م - 70 </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="اللغة" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>اللغة</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>راقب</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدّل</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66538033">.mw-parser-output div.infobox_v3{padding:4px;width:25em!important;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:left;float:left;font-size:0.9em;line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;max-width:325px;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .secTable{border-radius:unset;color:inherit;margin:unset!important;border:unset}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .entete{display:table;height:45px;width:100%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;font-size:1.4em;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:10px;background-color:#dfedff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .entete>div{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3:not(.large) .entete.icon>div{padding:3px 48px}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .images{text-align:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-around;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .images a{max-width:100%;flex:0 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .deux-images a{max-width:48%}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .images img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .legend{font-size:0.9em;text-align:center;margin:5px 0 8px 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 table,.mw-parser-output .secTable{width:100%;margin:2px 0;table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:separate}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 th[scope="col"]{text-align:center;word-wrap:normal}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 th[scope=row]{text-align:right;padding-right:10px;width:8em;max-width:140px;word-wrap:normal;background-color:#F3F3F3}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 td{padding-top:4px;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 th[scope=row].middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3.bordered th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3.bordered td{padding-bottom:4px;border-top:1px solid #dfedff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3.bordered caption.bordered{margin:0 0 -1px 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 tr.left td{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 tr.vborder td{border-left:1px dotted #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 tr.vborder td:first-child{border-left:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 td.data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 tr:first-child ul:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .url{direction:ltr;text-align:left;font-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 p.bloc,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 caption{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;line-height:1.1;margin:0 0 2px 0;padding:4px;background:#dfedff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 p.bloc{margin:5px 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 caption.bordered,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 p.bordered{border-top:1px solid #dfedff;border-bottom:1px solid #dfedff;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .bordered.navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .bordered.nav{padding-top:4px;border-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 caption.hidden{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .hr{font-size:1px;line-height:1px;margin:5px 0;background-color:#dfedff;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .hr.collapse{margin:5px 0 -8px 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .navbar{text-align:right;font-size:0.8em!important;line-height:1.1;margin:8px 0 0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .navbar .plainlinks{float:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .overflow{overflow:hidden;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .prev a,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .prev_bloc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/ArrowRightNavbox.svg/12px-ArrowRightNavbox.svg.png")no-repeat right center;float:right;max-width:70%;padding:3px 18px 3px 3px;text-align:right;background-color:#F3F3F3;margin:3px}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .next a,.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 .next_bloc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ArrowLeftNavbox.svg/12px-ArrowLeftNavbox.svg.png")no-repeat left center;float:left;max-width:70%;padding:3px 3px 3px 18px;text-align:left;background-color:#F3F3F3;direction:ltr;margin:3px}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 table.maillot-equipe td{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 table.maillot-equipe{table-layout:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox_v3 a.NavToggle{position:unset}.mw-parser-output .mwe-math-mathml-a11y{width:auto!important;height:auto!important}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r63051380">.mw-parser-output .entete.aerostat{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Picto_infobox_aerostat.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.aikido{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aikido_pictogram.svg/40px-Aikido_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.alpinisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Picto_infobox_alpinisme.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arbitre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Referee_football_pictogram.svg/35px-Referee_football_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archery_pictogram.svg/35px-Archery_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.archives2{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Picto_infobox_archives.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arduino,.mw-parser-output .entete.electro{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Arduino_ftdi_chip-1.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.artiste{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Picto_infobox_artiste.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.artsmartiauxjap{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Picto_infobox_samourai.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.association{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Collaboration_logo_infobox.svg/50px-Collaboration_logo_infobox.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.athletisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.audio{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/35px-Gnome-speakernotes.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.auteur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_auteur.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.autogire{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Picto_Autogyro.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Picto_infobox_automobil.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.avion{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Airplane_silhouette_white.svg/40px-Airplane_silhouette_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.aviron{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/35px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.badminton{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Badminton_pictogram.svg/35px-Badminton_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.baseball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Baseball_pictogram.svg/35px-Baseball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.basket-ball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Picto_Infobox_Basketball.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.biathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Biathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Biathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.biere{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Picto_infobox_beer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.book,.mw-parser-output .entete.universite{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Picto_infobox_book.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.boxe{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/35px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.calendrier{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Almanacco.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.camera{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Camera-photo.svg/120px-Camera-photo.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.canada{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Picto_infobox_Canada.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cardinal{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_cardinal.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.catch{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Picto_infobox_catch.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.chateau{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Picto_infobox_chateau.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.chimie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_chemistry_HUN.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cinema{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Picto_infobox_cinema.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.commonwealth{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Picto_infobox_Commonwealth.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.communication{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Picto_infobox_antenna.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cyclisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/45px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.deportation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Picto_Infobox_deportation.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.diplomatie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Picto_infobox_ambassade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.disney{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Picto_infobox_Disney.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.droit{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/40px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.drone-civil{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_civil_drone.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.egypte-antique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Picto_infobox_ancient_Egypt.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.entreprise{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Factory_black.png/40px-Factory_black.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.entreprise-blanc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Factory_white.png/40px-Factory_white.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.equitation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/35px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escalade{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Picto_infobox_escalade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escalade{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Picto_infobox_alpinisme-escalade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escrime{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/35px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.espagne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Picto_Infobox_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.eveque{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_bishop.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.factory{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Picto_infobox_enterprise.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.floorball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Floorball_pictogram.svg/35px-Floorball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.fondeur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.football{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Infobox_Football_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.footballblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Picto_infobox_fotbal_2.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.footUS{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Picto_Foot_US.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.futsal{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Futsal_pictogram.svg/35px-Futsal_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.golf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Golf_pictogram.svg/35px-Golf_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.grappe{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Icone_oenobox.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.gymnastique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.handball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Handball_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Handball_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.handballblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Handball_pictogram.svg/35px-Handball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.helicoptere{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Picto_infobox_helicopter.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hockey{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Picto_Infobox_Ice_hockey.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hockey-sur-gazon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/35px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hospitaliers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_Hospitaliers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.humain{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Picto_infobox_manwoman.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.informatique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Picto-infoboxinfo.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.internet{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Web-browser-openclipart.svg/45px-Web-browser-openclipart.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.israel-judaisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Picto_infobox_israel-judaisme.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeu{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Picto_infobox_Game.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeu-role{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Picto_infobox_Jeu_de_rôle.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeuvideo,.mw-parser-output .entete.jeuvideov3{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kontrollikon_1.0d_-_Grey.svg/35px-Kontrollikon_1.0d_-_Grey.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.judo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Judo_pictogram.svg/40px-Judo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.karate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karate_pictogram.svg/40px-Karate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.kayak{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Canoeing_%28flatwater%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Canoeing_%28flatwater%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.kickboxing{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kickboxing_pictogram.svg/40px-Kickboxing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.lutte{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.macintosh{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Picto_infobox_Macintosh.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.malte{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Picto_infobox_Malte.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.medecine{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Picto_infobox_med.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.mets{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Picto_infobox_mets.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.militaire{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_military.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.money,.mw-parser-output .entete.money_coin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Money_Coin_Icon.svg/40px-Money_Coin_Icon.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.montreal-metro,.mw-parser-output .entete.metro{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Picto_infobox_Mtl_metro.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.montreal-train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Picto_infobox_Mtl_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.moteur-avion{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Picto_Infobox_moteur_d%27avion.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.mosque{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Picto_infobox_Mosque.svg/35px-Picto_infobox_Mosque.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.musee,.mw-parser-output .entete.museum,.mw-parser-output .entete.papyrus{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Picto_infobox_papyrus.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.musique,.mw-parser-output .entete.music{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Picto_infobox_music.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.natation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Swimming_pictogram_white.png/35px-Swimming_pictogram_white.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.nations-unies{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Picto_infobox_UN.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.omnisports{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Sport3_icone.svg/35px-Sport3_icone.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.palace{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Pictogram_infobox_palace.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.paralympique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Picto_infobox_Paralympics.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.persofiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Picto_infobox_masks.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.petrole{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Picto_Infobox_Oil.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.planeur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Picto_infobox_planeur.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.plateforme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Picto_Infobox_Oil_Platform.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.poker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Crystal_Clear_app_Cardgame-3.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Cardgame-3.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.presse{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Picto_infobox_journal-ar.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.pretendant{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Picto_infobox_pr%C3%A9tendant_%C3%A0_un_tr%C3%B4ne.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.projet,.mw-parser-output .entete.project{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Picto_infobox_tools.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.psychologie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Picto_infobox_psycho.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.quebec{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Picto_infobox_Quebec.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.recherche{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Picto_infobox_detective.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rinkhockey{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Roller_hockey_pictogram.svg/35px-Roller_hockey_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rome-antique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Picto_infobox_Roman_military_banner.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.route{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Infobox_road_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rugby{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Picto_Infobox_Rugby.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rugbyblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rugby_union_pictogram.svg/35px-Rugby_union_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.satellite{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Picto_infobox_satellite.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sautski{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg/40px-Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.science-fiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Picto_infobox_fliyingsaucer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.serie-video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Logo_television_blanc.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.ski-alpin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.snooker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cue_sports_pictogram.svg/40px-Cue_sports_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.software{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Picto_infobox_software.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Picto_infobox_Olympic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport-automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Picto_infobox_sport_auto.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.squash{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Squash_pictogram.svg/35px-Squash_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.stadium{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Stadium.svg/40px-Stadium.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.starwars{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Star_Wars_Infobox_Pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.surf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Surfing_pictogram.svg/35px-Surfing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.taekwondo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Taekwondo_pictogram.svg/40px-Taekwondo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.television{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Picto_infobox_TV-T%26PC.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.templiers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Picto_infobox_Templiers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tennis_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-table{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg/40px-Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-tableblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Table_tennis_pictogram.svg/35px-Table_tennis_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.timbre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_Stamps.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Infobox_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.triathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Triathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.ultimate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ultimate_pictogram.svg/70px-Ultimate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.union-europeenne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Picto_Infobox_Europe.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.voile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style> <p>امتدت <b>فترة الهيكل الثاني</b> في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تاريخ اليهود">تاريخ اليهود</a> من عام 516 قبل الميلاد إلى عام 70 بعد الميلاد<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> عندما كان الهيكل الثاني قائمًا في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="القدس">القدس</a>. ظهرت طوائف <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="فريسيون">الفريسيين</a> و<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="صدوقيون">الصدوقيين</a> و<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="أسينيون">الأسينيين</a> و<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="زيلوت">الغيورين</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مسيحية مبكرة">والمسيحية المبكرة</a> خلال هذه الفترة. انتهت فترة الهيكل الثاني <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الثورة اليهودية الكبرى">بالحرب اليهودية الرومانية الأولى</a> وتدمير الرومان للقدس والهيكل.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox"> <div class="entete" style="background-color:#ABD2D0;color:#000000"> <div> فترة الهيكل الثاني </div> </div> <div style="border:unset;padding:unset"> <div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg/260px-Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg/390px-Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg/520px-Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1548" data-file-height="1146"></a></span> </div> </div> <table> <caption style="display:table-caption;background-color:#E1E1E1;text-align:center;color:#000000"> معلومات عامة </caption> <tbody> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">نسبة التسمية</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الهيكل الثاني">الهيكل الثاني</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P138" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">الفترة الزمنية</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="التاريخ القديم">التاريخ القديم</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P2348" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">البداية</th> <td class=""> <div> 530 "ق.م" <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P580" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">النهاية</th> <td class=""> <div> 70 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P582" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">المنطقة</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="أرض إسرائيل">أرض إسرائيل</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P276" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="display:table-caption;background-color:#E1E1E1;text-align:center;color:#000000"> التأثيرات </caption> <tbody> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">أحد جوانب</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الشرق الأدنى القديم">الشرق الأدنى القديم</a> — <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تاريخ مملكتي إسرائيل ويهوذا القديمتين">تاريخ مملكتي إسرائيل ويهوذا القديمتين</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P1269" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">فرع من</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="تاريخ اليهود">تاريخ يهودي</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P361" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""> <th scope="row">تفرع عنها</th> <td class=""> <div><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="التمرد المكابي">التمرد المكابي</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P527" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="overflow nav"> <div class="prev_bloc"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25487979" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q25487979">فترة هيكل سليمان</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414?uselang%3Dar%23P155" title="عدل القيمة على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل القيمة على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div> </div> <p class="navbar noprint bordered" style="display:block;flex:auto;border-top:2px dotted #ABD2D0;width:100%"><span class="plainlinks" style="background:inherit;text-align:right;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%26veaction%3Dedit%26section%3D0">تعديل</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">تعديل مصدري</a> - <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2911414" class="extiw" title="d:Q2911414">تعديل ويكي بيانات</a></span><span style="text-align:left;float:left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="حول القالب"><img alt="حول القالب" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg/30px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%25282%2529.svg/45px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%25282%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%25282%2529.svg/60px-Test_Template_Info-Icon_-_Version_%25282%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="800"></a></span></span></p> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64177691">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67666675">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68652148">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:left;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7673.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7673.jpg/220px-16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7673.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7673.jpg/330px-16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7673.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7673.jpg/440px-16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7673.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4397" data-file-height="2956"></a> <figcaption> اليهود في المشرق </figcaption> </figure> <p>بعد وفاة آخر الأنبياء اليهود في العصور القديمة عندما كان اليهود ما يزالون تحت الحكم الفارسي، أصبحت زعامتهم الروحية في قبضة خمس ثنائيات متعاقبة من الزعماء الدينيين. ازدهروا في البداية تحت حكم <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="الفرس (توضيح)">الفرس</a> (نحو 539 - 332 قبل الميلاد)، ثم تحت حكم <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="يونانيون">الإغريق</a> (نحو 332 - 167 قبل الميلاد)، ثم في ظل المملكة الحشمونية المستقلة (140 - 37 قبل الميلاد)، ثم تحت حكم <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="رومان (توضيح)">الرومان</a> (63 قبل الميلاد - 132 بعد الميلاد).</p> <p>خلال هذه الفترة، يمكن القول إن يهودية الهيكل الثاني تأثرت بثلاث أزمات رئيسية ونتائجها، إذ تفاعلت معها جماعات شتّى من اليهود تفاعلًا مختلفًا. حلّ دمار مملكة يهوذا أولًا في عام 587/6 قبل الميلاد، عندما خسر اليهود استقلالهم وحكمهم الملكي ومدينتهم المقدسة والهيكل الأول ونُفِيوا جزئيًا إلى بابل. ونتيجة لذلك، واجهوا أزمة لاهوتية تتعلق بطبيعة الإله وقوته وصلاحه، وتعرضوا للتهديد ثقافيًا وعرقيًا وشعائريًا، إذ قُذف بهم على مقربة من الشعوب والجماعات الدينية الأخرى. تركهم غياب الأنبياء المعروفين في وقت لاحق من هذه الفترة من دون نسختهم من التوجيه الإلهي حين كانوا في أمس الحاجة إلى الدعم والتوجيه. تمثّلت الأزمة الثانية في تنامي تأثير الهلنستية في اليهودية الذي بلغ ذروته في ثورة المكابيين عام 167 قبل الميلاد. وتجسّدت الأزمة الثالثة في الاحتلال الروماني للمنطقة، ونهب بومبيوس القدس عام 63 قبل الميلاد. شمل ذلك تعيين مجلس الشيوخ الروماني هيرودس الأول ملكًا لليهود، وإنشاء المملكة الهيرودية في يهودا التي تضم أجزاء مما هو اليوم إسرائيل والأراضي الفلسطينية والأردن ولبنان وسوريا.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">محتويات</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">بناء الهيكل الثاني</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">الحقبة الهلنستية</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">السلالة الحشمونية</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">المراجع</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="بناء_الهيكل_الثاني"><span id=".D8.A8.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A1_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.87.D9.8A.D9.83.D9.84_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AB.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.8A"></span>بناء الهيكل الثاني</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: بناء الهيكل الثاني" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>اكتمل بناء <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الهيكل الثاني">الهيكل الثاني</a> تحت إشراف آخر ثلاثة أنبياء يهود، حجاي وزكريا وملاخي، بموافقة وتمويل فارسي.</p> <p>بناءً على الرواية التوراتية، بعد العودة إلى صهيون من النفي البابلي في عهد زربابل، اتُّخذت الترتيبات على الفور لإعادة تنظيم مقاطعة يهود المهجورة بعد زوال <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="مملكة يهوذا">مملكة يهوذا</a> منذ سبعين عامًا. بعد أن أنهى حشد الحجاج المؤلف من 42,360 حاجًا الرحلة الطويلة والمغمّة من ضفاف نهر الفرات إلى القدس التي استغرقت أربعة أشهر تقريبًا، كانوا متحمسين بوازع ديني قوي في جميع تحضيراتهم، وشُغلهم الشاغل استعادة دار عبادتهم القديم بإعادة بناء معبدهم المدمر وممارسة طقوس الأضاحي المعروفة باسم قوربانوت.</p> <p>بدعوة من الحاكم زربابل الذي أظهر لهم مثالًا رائعًا للسخاء بمساهمته شخصيًا بألف دريك ذهبي إلى جانب الهدايا الأخرى، أغدق الناس الهدايا على الخزانة المقدسة بحماس منقطع النظير. أقاموا أولًا مذبح الله في المكان الذي كان قائمًا فيه سابقًا وكرّسوه، ثم أزالوا أكوام الأنقاض المتفحمة التي شغلت موقع الهيكل القديم؛ وفي الشهر الثاني من العام الثاني (535 قبل الميلاد) وُضعت أسس الهيكل الثاني وسط حماس وابتهاج جماهيري كبير. حظيت هذه الخطوة باهتمام واسع، مع أن المتفرجين نظروا إليها بمشاعر مختلطة.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>قدّم السامريون -سكان عاصمة ما كان مملكة إسرائيل- مقترحاتهم للمساعدة في أعمال البناء. ولكن زربابل والشيوخ رفضوا هذا التعاون إيمانًا بأن اليهود يجب أن يبنوا الهيكل دون مساعدة. وسرعان ما انتشرت أقاويل مسيئة عن اليهود. وفقًا لعزرا 4:5 سعى السامريون إلى «إحباط هدفهم» وأرسلوا رسلًا إلى إكباتان وسوسة، ما أدى إلى تعليق أعمال البناء.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>بعد سبع سنوات، توفي كورش الكبير الذي سمح لليهود بالعودة إلى وطنهم وإعادة بناء الهيكل، وخلفه ابنه قمبيز. عند وفاة قمبيز، اغتصب «سميردس المزيف» العرش لمدة سبعة أو ثمانية أشهر، ثم أصبح داريوس الأول ملكًا (522 قبل الميلاد). استؤنفت أعمال إعادة بناء الهيكل في السنة الثانية لهذا الملك واستمرت حتى اكتماله في ظل تحفيز المستشارين المخلصين ومواعظ النبيَّين حجاي وزكريا. أصبح الهيكل جاهزًا للتكريس في ربيع عام 516 قبل الميلاد، بعد مرور أكثر من عشرين عامًا على العودة من النفي. اكتمل الهيكل في اليوم الثالث من شهر أذار، في السنة السادسة من حكم الملك داريوس، وسط ابتهاج جميع الناس مع أنه كان واضحًا أن اليهود لم يعودوا شعبًا مستقلًا، وإنما خاضعين لقوة خارجية. يتضمن سفر حجاي تنبؤًا بأن مجد الهيكل الأخير سيكون أعظم من مجد الأول.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="الحقبة_الهلنستية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AD.D9.82.D8.A8.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.87.D9.84.D9.86.D8.B3.D8.AA.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>الحقبة الهلنستية</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: الحقبة الهلنستية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>هزم <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإسكندر الأكبر">الإسكندر الأكبر</a> الفرس في عام 332 قبل الميلاد. بعد وفاة الإسكندر وتقسيم إمبراطوريته بين جنرالاته، تشكلت المملكة السلوقية.</p> <p>خلال هذه الفترة تأثرت تيارات من اليهودية بالفلسفة الهلنستية التي نشأت في القرن الثالث قبل الميلاد، ولا سيما الشتات اليهودي في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="الإسكندرية">الإسكندرية</a>، وبلغت ذروتها في تجميع الترجمة السبعينية. يعد فيلون أحد المدافعين البارزين عن التكافل بين اللاهوت اليهودي والفكر الهلنستي.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="السلالة_الحشمونية"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B3.D9.84.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AD.D8.B4.D9.85.D9.88.D9.86.D9.8A.D8.A9"></span>السلالة الحشمونية</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: السلالة الحشمونية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>أدى تدهور العلاقات بين اليهود الهيلينيين واليهود المتدينين إلى قيام الملك السلوقي أنطيوخوس الرابع الظاهر بفرض مراسيم تحظر بعض الطقوس والتقاليد الدينية اليهودية. نتيجة لذلك، تمرد اليهود الأرثوذكس تحت قيادة الأسرة الحشمونية (المعروفة أيضًا باسم المكابيين). أدت هذه الثورة في النهاية إلى تشكيل مملكة يهودا المستقلة تحت حكم السلالة الحشمونية التي استمرت من 165 إلى 37 قبل الميلاد. تفككت السلالة الحشمونية في النهاية نتيجة للحرب الأهلية بين ابني سالومي ألكسندرا: هيركانوس الثاني وأرسطوبولس الثاني. لم يرغب الشعب في أن يحكمه ملك وإنما أراد رجل دين ثيوقراطي، فوجه نداءه بهذا الشأن إلى السلطات الرومانية. حصل التدخل الروماني في الحرب الأهلية في يهودا بعد حملة الغزو على سوريا وضمها بقيادة بومبيوس. وسرعان ما طلب الأخ المنافس الحشموني الموالي للفرثيين الدعم الفرثي وتغير العرش حتى أسس هيرودس الأول نفسه ملكًا جديدًا على يهودا تابعًا للرومان.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="المراجع"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>المراجع</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="عدل القسم: المراجع" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>عدل</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185426">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal;overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on regnal years of Darius I, brought down in Richard Parker & Waldo Dubberstein's <i>Babylonian Chronology, 626 B.C.–A.D. 75</i>, Brown University Press: Providence 1956, p. 30. However, Jewish tradition avers that the Second Temple stood for only four-hundred and twenty years, i.e. from 352 BCE – 68 CE. See: <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="موسى بن ميمون">موسى بن ميمون</a>' Questions & Responsa, <i>responsum</i> # 389, Jerusalem 1960 (Hebrew)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2202.htm%233">Haggai 2:3</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2304.htm%2310">Zechariah 4:10</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt35a05.htm%236">Ezra 5:6-6:15</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2202.htm%239">Haggai 2:9</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67739214">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCohen1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-no_archive">Cohen، Shaye (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ancientisraelfro0000unse"><i>Ancient Israel: From Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple</i></a>. Biblical Archaeology Society. ص. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ancientisraelfro0000unse/page/269">269</a>. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب">ISBN</a>:<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/1880317540?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="خاص:مصادر كتاب/1880317540"><bdi>1880317540</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Israel%3A+From+Abraham+to+the+Roman+Destruction+of+the+Temple&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=Biblical+Archaeology+Society&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1880317540&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Shaye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientisraelfro0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68409654">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageleft{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{clear:left;float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{margin-left:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68510355">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.1em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:25px;padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:25px;line-height:25px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:2px;width:190px;vertical-align:middle}</style> <div role="navigation" class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67666675"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> في كومنز مواد ذات صلة بـ <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple_period" class="extiw" title="c:Second Temple period"><b><i>فترة الهيكل الثاني</i></b></a>. </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68268331">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:20ch;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}.mw-parser-output #bandeau-portail{clear:both;line-height:1.9em;padding:3px;margin:2px 0;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output #liste-portail{padding:3px;text-align:center;margin-right:0;clear:both}.mw-parser-output #liste-portail li,.mw-parser-output #bandeau-portail li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-element{white-space:nowrap;margin:auto 1.5em}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-icone{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-texte>a:nth-child(1){font-weight:700}.mw-parser-output .ns-14 #bandeau-portail{width:242px;float:left;font-size:96%;text-align:right;margin:0;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .ns-14 #bandeau-portail li{margin-right:-17px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .portalbox{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .pane{background:transparent}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint bandeau-portail" id="bandeau-portail"> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg.png" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_Israeli_flag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بوابة:إسرائيل">بوابة إسرائيل</a></span></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:P_history.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 31px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" data-width="31" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بوابة:التاريخ">بوابة التاريخ</a></span></li> </ul> </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> مجلوبة من «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%26oldid%3D64302501">https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=فترة_الهيكل_الثاني&oldid=64302501</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Bmt3s" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1694253283"> <span>آخر تعديل بتاريخ 9 سبتمبر 2023، في 09:54</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>اللغات</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2589" title="فترة الهيكل التانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فترة الهيكل التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%25C3%25ADode_del_Segon_Temple" title="Període del Segon Temple – الكتالانية" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període del Segon Temple" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="الكتالانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B4%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582_%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585_%25CE%2594%25CE%25B5%25CF%258D%25CF%2584%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585_%25CE%259D%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BF%25CF%258D" title="Περίοδος του Δεύτερου Ναού – اليونانية" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περίοδος του Δεύτερου Ναού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="اليونانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Second Temple period" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%25C3%25ADodo_del_Segundo_Templo" title="Período del Segundo Templo – الإسبانية" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período del Segundo Templo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="الإسبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AF_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2585" title="دوره معبد دوم – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوره معبد دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A9riode_du_Second_Temple" title="Période du Second Temple – الفرنسية" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Période du Second Temple" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="الفرنسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA_%25D7%2591%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA_%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599" title="תקופת בית שני – العبرية" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תקופת בית שני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="العبرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_Bait_Suci_Kedua" title="Periode Bait Suci Kedua – الإندونيسية" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Periode Bait Suci Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="الإندونيسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_del_Secondo_Tempio" title="Periodo del Secondo Tempio – الإيطالية" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo del Secondo Tempio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="الإيطالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A0%259C2%25EC%2584%25B1%25EC%25A0%2584%25EA%25B8%25B0" title="제2성전기 – الكورية" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2성전기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="الكورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanimpotoan%2527_ny_Tempoly_Faharoa" title="Vanimpotoan' ny Tempoly Faharoa – الملغاشي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vanimpotoan' ny Tempoly Faharoa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="الملغاشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Bait_Suci_Kedua" title="Zaman Bait Suci Kedua – الماليزية" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaman Bait Suci Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="الماليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%25C3%25ADodo_do_Segundo_Templo" title="Período do Segundo Templo – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período do Segundo Templo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25BA%258C%25E5%259C%25A3%25E6%25AE%25BF%25E6%2597%25B6%25E6%259C%259F" title="第二圣殿时期 – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二圣殿时期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" alt="ويكيبيديا" width="112" height="39" style="width: 7em; height: 2.4375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">آخر تعديل لهذه الصفحة كان يوم 9 سبتمبر 2023، الساعة 09:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">المحتوى متاح وفق <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ar">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> ما لم يرد خلاف ذلك.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/ar">سياسة الخصوصية</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B9%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">حول ويكيبيديا</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">إخلاء مسؤولية</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">القواعد السلوكية</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">المطورون</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/ar.wikipedia.org">إحصائيات</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">بيان تعريف الارتباطات</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">شروط الاستخدام</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">سطح المكتب</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-fw87f","wgBackendResponseTime":202,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.578","walltime":"0.786","ppvisitednodes":{"value":544,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":43633,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":178,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":45504,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 713.430 1 -total"," 50.58% 360.849 1 قالب:بطاقة_فترة_تاريخية"," 18.64% 133.001 1 قالب:تاريخ_اليهود_في_الشرق"," 18.13% 129.349 1 قالب:شريط_جانبي/مخفي"," 17.12% 122.154 1 قالب:مراجع"," 11.55% 82.400 1 قالب:استشهاد_بكتاب"," 7.32% 52.251 1 قالب:روابط_شقيقة"," 5.70% 40.649 1 قالب:شريط_بوابات"," 3.35% 23.865 1 قالب:بوابة_في_النسق"," 2.03% 14.517 4 قالب:Bibleverse"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.466","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4983106,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75c465f4c6-2vmsw","timestamp":"20241125141128","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a","url":"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2911414","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2911414","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-04-07T16:24:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/17\/Reconstruction_model_of_Ancient_Jerusalem_in_Museum_of_David_Castle.jpg","headline":"\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0645, 516 \u0642 \u0645 - 70"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('ar', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>