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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-形成与发展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形成与发展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>形成与发展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形成与发展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-河漫滩的类型与结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#河漫滩的类型与结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>河漫滩的类型与结构</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-河漫滩的类型与结构-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关河漫滩的类型与结构子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-河漫滩的类型与结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-类型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#类型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>类型</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-类型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-河漫滩的地貌特征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#河漫滩的地貌特征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>河漫滩的地貌特征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-河漫滩的地貌特征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-与人类社会的关系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#与人类社会的关系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>与人类社会的关系</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-与人类社会的关系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">河漫滩</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。62种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flussaue" title="Flussaue – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Flussaue" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="سهل فيضي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سهل فيضي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%AB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Һыубаҫар туғай – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һыубаҫар туғай" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlaj%C4%97" title="Atlajė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Atlajė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пойма – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пойма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Абалона – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абалона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Заливна тераса – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Заливна тераса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="कछार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कछार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="প্লাবনভূমি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্লাবনভূমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plana_d%27inundaci%C3%B3" title="Plana d'inundació – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plana d'inundació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Adoln%C3%AD_niva" title="Údolní niva – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Údolní niva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B9%D3%B3_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%95)" title="Ейӳ (юханшыв лапамĕн пайĕ) – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ейӳ (юханшыв лапамĕн пайĕ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flodslette" title="Flodslette – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flodslette" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flussaue" title="Flussaue – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flussaue" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toc" title="Toc – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Toc" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlaida" title="Barlaida – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Barlaida" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Floodplain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apudrivera_ebena%C4%B5o" title="Apudrivera ebenaĵo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apudrivera ebenaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanura_de_inundaci%C3%B3n" title="Llanura de inundación – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Llanura de inundación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamm" title="Lamm – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lamm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uholde-lautada" title="Uholde-lautada – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uholde-lautada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="دشت سیلابی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دشت سیلابی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulvatasanko" title="Tulvatasanko – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tulvatasanko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit_majeur" title="Lit majeur – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lit majeur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morbhach" title="Morbhach – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Morbhach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaira_de_inundaci%C3%B3n" title="Chaira de inundación – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chaira de inundación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%94" title="מישור הצפה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מישור הצפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF" title="पूरभूमि – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूरभूमि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plenn_inondab" title="Plenn inondab – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plenn inondab" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%BF" title="Գետահովիտ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գետահովիտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataran_banjir" title="Dataran banjir – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dataran banjir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golena" title="Golena – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Golena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%BE%E6%BF%AB%E5%8E%9F" title="氾濫原 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="氾濫原" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ჭალა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჭალა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Жайылма – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жайылма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EB%9E%8C%EC%9B%90" title="범람원 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="범람원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennva" title="Fennva – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fennva" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Жайылма – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жайылма" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallis_vere_inundata" title="Vallis vere inundata – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vallis vere inundata" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salpa" title="Salpa – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Salpa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paliene" title="Paliene – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Paliene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पूर मैदान – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पूर मैदान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Согра – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Согра" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riviervlakte" title="Riviervlakte – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Riviervlakte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elveslette" title="Elveslette – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elveslette" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elveslette" title="Elveslette – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elveslette" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_d%27inondacion" title="Plan d'inondacion – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plan d'inondacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terasa_zalewowa" title="Terasa zalewowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Terasa zalewowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%ADcie_de_inunda%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Planície de inundação – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Planície de inundação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunc%C4%83_(form%C4%83_de_relief)" title="Luncă (formă de relief) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Luncă (formă de relief)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пойма – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пойма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Floodplain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poplavna_ravnica" title="Poplavna ravnica – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poplavna ravnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poplavna_ravnica" title="Poplavna ravnica – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Poplavna ravnica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flodsl%C3%A4tt" title="Flodslätt – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flodslätt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n_yata%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Taşkın yatağı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taşkın yatağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Тугай – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тугай" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Заплава – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Заплава" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A3i_b%E1%BB%93i" title="Bãi bồi – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bãi bồi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barahaon_na_sagka" title="Barahaon na sagka – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Barahaon na sagka" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="ჭალე – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭალე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%BE%E6%BF%AB%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="氾濫平原 – 粤语" 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.sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="background:#9BEDFF; border: 1px solid #44ddff; text-align: center ;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table cellspacing="0" style="background:#9BEDFF;"><tbody><tr> <td style="background: #9BEDFF; color: #0068d4; vertical-align: middle; padding: 6px; width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 0.75em;">本條目屬於</span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流"><span style="color: #0068EE;">河流系列</span></a></b></span></span></td> <td style="background:#9BEDFF; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg/75px-Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg/113px-Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg/150px-Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">分布</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%B3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界长河列表">世界河流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="歐洲河流列表">歐洲河流</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞洲河流列表（页面不存在）">亞洲河流</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國河流列表">中國河流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣河流列表">台灣河流</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="非洲河流列表">非洲河流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美洲河流列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of rivers of the Americas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美洲河流列表（页面不存在）">美洲河流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Americas" class="extiw" title="en:List of rivers of the Americas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of rivers of the Americas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大洋洲河流列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of rivers of Oceania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大洋洲河流列表（页面不存在）">大洋洲河流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Oceania" class="extiw" title="en:List of rivers of Oceania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of rivers of Oceania</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">種類</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="沖積河流">沖積河流</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AA" title="溪">溪流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89" title="泉">泉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E6%B5%81" title="伏流">伏流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A" title="湖泊">湖泊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E5%A1%98" title="池塘">池塘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3" title="河口">河口</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">地形</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%BA%E7%A9%B4" title="壺穴">壺穴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2" title="沙洲">沙洲</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河曲沙洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Point bar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%9B%B2%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河曲沙洲（页面不存在）">河曲沙洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_bar" class="extiw" title="en:Point bar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Point bar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="決口扇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crevasse splay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="決口扇（页面不存在）">決口扇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crevasse_splay" class="extiw" title="en:Crevasse splay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crevasse splay</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%A7%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="冲积平原">冲积平原</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">河漫滩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D%E6%89%87" title="沖積扇">沖積扇</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洪溢草原" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flood-meadow"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E6%BA%A2%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪溢草原（页面不存在）">洪溢草原</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood-meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Flood-meadow"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flood-meadow</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%9B" title="河岛">河岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="谷地">河谷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%BF%B9%E6%B9%96" title="河迹湖">河跡湖</a> <ul><li>牛軛湖</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%9A%8E" title="河階">河階</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="沼澤">沼澤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%85%E6%BB%A9" title="浅滩">浅滩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="湿地">湿地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83" title="瀑布">瀑布</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">術語</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%81" title="支流">支流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%B0%B4%E5%B2%AD" title="分水岭">分水嶺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%94%E6%B5%81" title="岔流">分流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="合流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Confluence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合流（页面不存在）">合流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence" class="extiw" title="en:Confluence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Confluence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">侵蝕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E%E8%AF%B4" title="侵蚀轮回说">侵蝕輪迴說</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="回春作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="River rejuvenation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E6%98%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回春作用（页面不存在）">回春作用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_rejuvenation" class="extiw" title="en:River rejuvenation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">River rejuvenation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="嵌入河" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Entrenched river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嵌入河（页面不存在）">嵌入河</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrenched_river" class="extiw" title="en:Entrenched river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Entrenched river</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AC%E9%81%8B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="搬運作用">搬運</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E7%A9%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="堆積作用">堆積</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="艾克納方程">艾克納方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A9%8D%E7%89%A9" title="沉積物">沉積物</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E5%8C%AF%E6%B5%81" title="再匯流">再匯流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="水文模型">水文模型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="分布式水文模型">分布式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%80%BB%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="集总式水文模型">集總式</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB" title="水系">水系</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水系密度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drainage density"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水系密度（页面不存在）">水系密度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_density" class="extiw" title="en:Drainage density"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drainage density</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河流遷移" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Avulson (river)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E9%81%B7%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河流遷移（页面不存在）">河流遷移</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avulson_(river)" class="extiw" title="en:Avulson (river)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Avulson (river)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%8A" title="河床">河床</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河槽形態" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Channel pattern"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%A7%BD%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河槽形態（页面不存在）">河槽形態</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_pattern" class="extiw" title="en:Channel pattern"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Channel pattern</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="河岸">河岸</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基蝕坡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cut bank"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%9D%95%E5%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基蝕坡（页面不存在）">基蝕坡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_bank" class="extiw" title="en:Cut bank"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cut bank</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="滑走坡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slip-off slope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%91%E8%B5%B0%E5%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滑走坡（页面不存在）">滑走坡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip-off_slope" class="extiw" title="en:Slip-off slope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slip-off slope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" title="流域">流域</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="哈克定律">哈克定律</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流量 (水文學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Discharge (hydrology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F_(%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流量 (水文學（页面不存在）">流量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" class="extiw" title="en:Discharge (hydrology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Discharge (hydrology)</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水歷線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydrograph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%AD%B7%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水歷線（页面不存在）">水歷線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrograph" class="extiw" title="en:Hydrograph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydrograph</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境流量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental flow"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境流量（页面不存在）">環境流量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_flow" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental flow"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental flow</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清水 (河水類型)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clearwater river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4_(%E6%B2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清水 (河水類型)（页面不存在）">清水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearwater_river" class="extiw" title="en:Clearwater river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clearwater river</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%B1%E6%B0%B4%E5%B8%B6" title="濱水帶">濱水帶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瀕危河川" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Endangered river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瀕危河川（页面不存在）">瀕危河川</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_river" class="extiw" title="en:Endangered river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Endangered river</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藍色空間" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bluespace"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%89%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="蓝色空间">藍色空間</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluespace" class="extiw" title="en:Bluespace"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bluespace</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81" title="曲流">曲流</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝爾定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baer–Babinet law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝爾定律（页面不存在）">貝爾定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baer%E2%80%93Babinet_law" class="extiw" title="en:Baer–Babinet law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baer–Babinet law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81%E5%88%87%E6%96%B7" title="曲流切斷">曲流切斷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曲流痕" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meander scar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81%E7%97%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曲流痕（页面不存在）">曲流痕</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander_scar" class="extiw" title="en:Meander scar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meander scar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%AE%E7%8B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="辮狀河流">辮狀河</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑水 (河水類型)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blackwater river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%B0%B4_(%E6%B2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑水 (河水類型)（页面不存在）">黑水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_river" class="extiw" title="en:Blackwater river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blackwater river</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">人造建物</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%85%92%E4%BA%95" title="坎兒井">坎井</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%9D" title="水坝">壩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%A4" title="堤">堤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B0" title="堰">堰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%AD" title="埭">埭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋">橋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%9D%E6%B8%A0" title="溝渠">溝渠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%A2%E6%B4%AA%E9%81%93" title="溢洪道">溢洪道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%AF%E6%B4%AA%E6%B1%A0" title="滯洪池">滯洪池</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="疏洪道" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flood bypass"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E6%B4%AA%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏洪道（页面不存在）">疏洪道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_bypass" class="extiw" title="en:Flood bypass"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flood bypass</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="运河">运河</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="防洪渠" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flood control channel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA%E6%B8%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防洪渠（页面不存在）">防洪渠</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_channel" class="extiw" title="en:Flood control channel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flood control channel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%95%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="水底隧道">隧道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%81%93" title="魚道">魚道</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">天然災害</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="土石流">土石流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8C%E6%B1%9B" title="凌汛">凌汛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%BA%95%E5%99%B4%E7%99%BC" title="湖底噴發">湖底噴發</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">相關學科</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地理學">地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地質學">地質學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="水文學">水文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="流体力学">流体力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生態學">生態學</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Template:河流系列模板"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:河流系列模板（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:河流系列模板"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paran%C3%A1_River_Floodplain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Paran%C3%A1_River_Floodplain.jpg/350px-Paran%C3%A1_River_Floodplain.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Paran%C3%A1_River_Floodplain.jpg/525px-Paran%C3%A1_River_Floodplain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Paran%C3%A1_River_Floodplain.jpg/700px-Paran%C3%A1_River_Floodplain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>卫星照片显示的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A3%E6%B2%B3" title="巴拉那河">巴拉那河</a>河漫滩</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagstaue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jagstaue.JPG/350px-Jagstaue.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jagstaue.JPG/525px-Jagstaue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jagstaue.JPG/700px-Jagstaue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E5%85%8B%E7%B1%B3%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默克米赫爾（页面不存在）">默克米赫爾</a>一个发展为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" title="草原">草原</a>的河漫滩平原</figcaption></figure> <p><b>河漫滩</b>（英語：<span lang="en">bottomlands</span>），又稱<b>氾濫平原</b>（floodplain）或<b>洪泛平原</b>，通常位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>中下游，指由于河流<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E7%A9%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="堆積作用">堆积作用</a>而形成的大片堆积体，是河流堆积地貌的一种。常在在枯水季节露出水面，在丰水季节又常被淹没。河漫滩一旦形成，在河流不改道的情况下会因河水携带的物质不断沉积而不断扩大，直至河流<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="改道">改道</a>或继续向下<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="侵蚀">侵蚀</a>而被废弃。河漫滩可分为堰堤型河漫滩、汊道型河漫滩、河曲型河漫滩等。其发育的最终结果常为形成宽广的<b>河漫滩平原</b><sup id="cite_ref-Goudie2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goudie2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同时亦有河漫滩地貌。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="形成与发展"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90.E4.B8.8E.E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95"></span>形成与发展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：形成与发展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>河漫滩的形成是河流堆积作用的结果。在这种堆积作用下，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%8A" title="河床">河床</a>在凹岸受到侵蚀，凸岸发生堆积。受到堆积的一岸会形成堆积体。堆积体的面积不断扩大，河水流速减慢，就将悬浮的颗粒物质沉积下来。久而久之，堆积体露出水面，就形成了河漫滩<sup id="cite_ref-one_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。河漫滩上部由洪水泛滥时沉积下来的细粒物质组成，下部由河床侧向移动过程中沉积下来的粗粒物质组成。 </p><p>而河漫滩的形成又细分为三个阶段： </p> <ul><li><b>河床浅滩</b>（又称<b>原始浅滩</b>）——<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="河谷">河谷</a>发育是从<a href="/w/index.php?title=V%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V字形谷（页面不存在）">V字形谷</a>开始的，河谷狭窄，谷底几乎全部为水流占据。随着<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%A7%E5%90%91%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="侧向侵蚀（页面不存在）">侧向侵蚀</a>的进行，凹岸后退，河谷逐渐展宽，凸岸堆积粗大砾石，逐渐形成小的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%B9%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="边滩（页面不存在）">边滩</a>。</li> <li><b>雏形河漫滩</b>——由于河流侧向侵蚀不断进行，弯曲<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="河道">河道</a>逐渐增大，河谷加宽，凸岸的边滩随泥沙堆积的增多而增大、增高、平水期时大部分露出水面，洪水期时全部淹没。但滩上水较浅，水流缓慢，开始细粒物质的沉积，成为雏形河漫滩。</li> <li><b>成熟河漫滩</b>——由于河流侧向侵蚀的长期进行，河谷更加扩宽，河曲更加弯曲，雏形河漫滩加宽增高，洪水期间滩地上水深更小，流速缓慢，沉积的是悬移质、细小泥质、粉砂粘土类物质（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9%E7%9B%B8%E9%A2%97%E7%B2%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河漫滩相颗粒（页面不存在）">河漫滩相颗粒</a>），在砂砾层上，形成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8F%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黏土层（页面不存在）">黏土层</a>，这样，雏形河漫滩就发展成为河漫滩。随着<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="河谷">河谷</a>不断加宽，河漫滩规模不断扩大。同时，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9%E7%9B%B8%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河漫滩相沉积物（页面不存在）">河漫滩相沉积物</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%8A%E7%9B%B8%E5%A0%86%E7%A7%AF%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河床相堆积物（页面不存在）">河床相堆积物</a>上下（交替）分布的特征称为<b>河漫滩组成物质的二元结构</b>，它是河床侧向移动的结果，但河漫滩的二元结构是同一地貌时期形成的堆积物的两个不同的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E7%9B%B8" title="沉积相">沉积相</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-four_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-four-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="河漫滩的类型与结构"><span id=".E6.B2.B3.E6.BC.AB.E6.BB.A9.E7.9A.84.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E4.B8.8E.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span>河漫滩的类型与结构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：河漫滩的类型与结构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="类型"><span id=".E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B"></span>类型</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：类型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>河漫滩类型的不同主要由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%8A" title="河床">河床</a>类型的不同造成。主要分为3种： </p> <ul><li><b>河曲型河漫滩</b>-在弯曲型河床中，凹岸<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="侵蚀">侵蚀</a>、凸岸<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E7%A7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="堆积">堆积</a>作用主要发生在洪水期，这时河床的移动往往是跃进式进行的。一次特大洪水使河岸发生大量坍塌，相应地在凸岸堆积成一条顺岸弯曲的弧形<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%9D%9D" class="mw-disambig" title="沙坝">沙坝</a>，又称<b>滨河床沙坝</b>；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平水期（页面不存在）">平水期</a>堆积物较少，成为分割前后两次洪水期的两列沙坝之间的洼地。沙坝分布在横向环流最明显的地段，一般在河流凸岸弯曲最大处稍向下游一点的地方发育得最好，宽度和高度也最大，向上和向下沙坝逐渐变低缓、直至消失。沙坝的横剖面呈不对称形态，向河床的坝坡呈缓坡，背向河床的坝坡呈陡坡。沙坝的高度和坡度视河流<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a>量的大小、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AB%E7%A0%82%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="含砂量（页面不存在）">含砂量</a>的多寡而异，一般高度约1-3m，规模大者高度可达4-5m。沙坝通常由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="砂">砂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%89%E7%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="粉砂">粉砂</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A5%E7%B2%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泥粒（页面不存在）">泥粒</a>等组成。</li></ul> <p>随着河曲不断地横向发展，凸岸部位形成一组弧形垄岗状沙坝与弧形洼地相间的扇形体，称为迂回扇。组成迂回扇的多条垄岗向河流下游方向幅聚，向上游则逐渐幅散开来。故可以根据垄岗聚散分布情况大体上可以恢复河床移动和河曲发展过程，在航空相片和遥感影像上据此可以判断河流的流向。 </p> <ul><li><b>汊道型河漫滩</b>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%8A%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汊道（页面不存在）">汊道</a>型<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>往往分为多股水流。假设水下江心滩将河床分为两个汊道，则<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E5%BF%83%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江心滩（页面不存在）">江心滩</a>两侧河道形成的横向环流的水流幅合上升，由水流自凸岸带来的侵蚀物质使得水下江心滩泥沙加积增高增大，发展为露出水面的心滩。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心滩（页面不存在）">心滩</a>头部受上游流水顶冲，位置不断下移，心滩下游端接受沉积，形成向下伸展的浅滩和附属砂嘴。汊道型河床往往水流散乱，河汊密布，沙滩众多，由于水位暴涨暴落，在沙滩上出现多条垄岗与洼地的组合与相间分布，垄岗与洼地的延长方向与堆积沙滩时的水流方向平行。在发育此种地貌的区域，可从垄岗和洼地的走向变化追索汊道变化情况。</li> <li><b>堰堤型河漫滩</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="河漫滩的地貌特征"><span id=".E6.B2.B3.E6.BC.AB.E6.BB.A9.E7.9A.84.E5.9C.B0.E8.B2.8C.E7.89.B9.E5.BE.81"></span>河漫滩的地貌特征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：河漫滩的地貌特征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="与人类社会的关系"><span id=".E4.B8.8E.E4.BA.BA.E7.B1.BB.E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>与人类社会的关系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：与人类社会的关系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="人类文明">人类文明</a></div> <p>作为一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%A7%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="冲积平原">冲积平原</a>，河漫滩（平原）是人类<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>的发祥地。河漫滩平原通常比较广阔，且土壤肥沃、取水方便，人们可以很方便的在此定居，许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="大城市">大城市</a>就建在河漫滩平原上。 </p><p>但另一方面，由于河漫滩在洪水季节有被淹没的可能，在这里定居不一定十分安全。历史上许多大<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a>，如<a href="/wiki/1931%E5%B9%B4%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="1931年江淮大水">1931年江淮大水</a>、<a href="/wiki/1998%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%B4%E7%81%BE" title="1998年中国水灾">1998年中国水灾</a>都与居民点所在河漫滩被淹没有关<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%A7%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="冲积平原">冲积平原</a>同属河流堆积地貌的一种。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲</a>即河口冲积平原。江河奔流中所裹挟的泥沙等杂质，在入海口处遇到含盐量较淡水高得多的海水，凝絮淤积，逐渐成为河口岸边新的湿地，继而形成三角洲平原。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Goudie2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goudie2004_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goudie, A. S., 2004, <i>Encyclopedia of Geomorphology（地理百科全书）</i>, vol. 1. Routledge, New York. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0415327377" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-32737-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-one-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-one_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">人民教育出版社. 高一地理. 2009年4月版. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-107-20274-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-107-20274-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-107-20274-2</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span 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title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-03-015931-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9&rft.au=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-03-015931-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="河流形态学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:河流形态学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:河流形态学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:河流形态学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="河流形态学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="河流形态学">河流形态学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宏观特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" title="流域">流域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB" title="水系">水系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3%E7%81%A3" title="河口灣">河口灣</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Strahler数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Strahler number"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strahler%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strahler数（页面不存在）">Strahler数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strahler_number" class="extiw" title="en:Strahler number"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Strahler number</span></a></span>）</span></span>（河道级数）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="谷地">谷地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河流曲折度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="River sinuosity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%9B%B2%E6%8A%98%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河流曲折度（页面不存在）">河流曲折度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_sinuosity" class="extiw" title="en:River sinuosity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">River sinuosity</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冲积河流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alluvial river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="沖積河流">冲积河流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_river" class="extiw" title="en:Alluvial river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alluvial river</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E5%8C%AF%E6%B5%81" title="再匯流">再匯流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流水裂地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Avulsion (river)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E8%A3%82%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流水裂地（页面不存在）">流水裂地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avulsion_(river)" class="extiw" title="en:Avulsion (river)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Avulsion (river)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%AE%E7%8B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="辮狀河流">辮狀河流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水系类型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Channel pattern"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水系类型（页面不存在）">水系类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_pattern" class="extiw" title="en:Channel pattern"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Channel pattern</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凹岸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cut bank"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B9%E5%B2%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凹岸（页面不存在）">凹岸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_bank" class="extiw" title="en:Cut bank"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cut bank</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">河漫滩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81" title="曲流">曲流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81%E5%88%87%E6%96%B7" title="曲流切斷">曲流切斷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河口坝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mouth bar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3%E5%9D%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河口坝（页面不存在）">河口坝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth_bar" class="extiw" title="en:Mouth bar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mouth bar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%BF%B9%E6%B9%96" title="河迹湖">河迹湖</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凸岸坝" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Point bar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B8%E5%B2%B8%E5%9D%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凸岸坝（页面不存在）">凸岸坝</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_bar" class="extiw" title="en:Point bar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Point bar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%85%E6%BB%A9" title="浅滩">浅滩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%B5%81" title="急流">急流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8%E5%B8%A6" title="河岸带">河岸带</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河道分汊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="River bifurcation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E9%81%93%E5%88%86%E6%B1%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河道分汊（页面不存在）">河道分汊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bifurcation" class="extiw" title="en:River bifurcation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">River bifurcation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河流改道" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="River channel migration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%94%B9%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河流改道（页面不存在）">河流改道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_channel_migration" class="extiw" title="en:River channel migration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">River channel migration</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3" title="河口">河口</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="滑走坡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slip-off slope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%91%E8%B5%B0%E5%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滑走坡（页面不存在）">滑走坡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip-off_slope" class="extiw" title="en:Slip-off slope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slip-off slope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Stream pool" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stream pool"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stream_pool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stream pool（页面不存在）">Stream pool</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_pool" class="extiw" title="en:Stream pool"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stream pool</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="深泓線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thalweg"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%B3%93%E7%BA%BF" title="深泓线">深泓線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalweg" class="extiw" title="en:Thalweg"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thalweg</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基岩河流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bedrock river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%B2%A9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基岩河流（页面不存在）">基岩河流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrock_river" class="extiw" title="en:Bedrock river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bedrock river</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7" title="峡谷">峡谷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="裂点" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Knickpoint"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%82%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="裂点（页面不存在）">裂点</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knickpoint" class="extiw" title="en:Knickpoint"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Knickpoint</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跌水潭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plunge pool"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%8C%E6%B0%B4%E6%BD%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跌水潭（页面不存在）">跌水潭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunge_pool" class="extiw" title="en:Plunge pool"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plunge pool</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%BD%A2" title="底形">底形</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="江心岛" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ait"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E5%BF%83%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江心岛（页面不存在）">江心岛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ait" class="extiw" title="en:Ait"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ait</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="反沙丘">反沙丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%98" title="沙丘">沙丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%97%95" title="波痕">波痕</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">区域过程</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加积作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aggradation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%A7%AF%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加积作用（页面不存在）">加积作用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggradation" class="extiw" title="en:Aggradation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aggradation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="侵蚀基准面" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Base level"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%87%86%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="侵蚀基准面（页面不存在）">侵蚀基准面</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_level" class="extiw" title="en:Base level"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Base level</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B5%E5%A4%B7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="陵夷作用">陵夷作用</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="侵蚀与构造" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Erosion and tectonics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%B8%8E%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="侵蚀与构造（页面不存在）">侵蚀与构造</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion_and_tectonics" class="extiw" title="en:Erosion and tectonics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Erosion and tectonics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河流回春" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="River rejuvenation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9B%9E%E6%98%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河流回春（页面不存在）">河流回春</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_rejuvenation" class="extiw" title="en:River rejuvenation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">River rejuvenation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">力学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E7%A9%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="堆積作用">堆積作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">侵蚀作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="艾克納方程">艾克納方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="哈克定律">哈克定律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="螺旋流动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Helicoidal flow"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="螺旋流动（页面不存在）">螺旋流动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicoidal_flow" class="extiw" title="en:Helicoidal flow"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Helicoidal flow</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒲雷腓定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Playfair's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%B2%E9%9B%B7%E8%85%93%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒲雷腓定律（页面不存在）">蒲雷腓定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playfair%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Playfair's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Playfair's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AC%E9%81%8B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="搬運作用">搬運作用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E8%BD%AC%E6%B5%81%E5%90%91%E7%9A%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="倒转流向的河流列表">倒转流向的河流列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:地球科學">Portal:地球科學</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地貌学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A6FFCC;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:地貌学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:地貌学（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地貌学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地貌学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">学科与分类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#F5F5F5;">根据<b>形成地表起伏形态</b>的<b>主导营力</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="气候地貌学">气候地貌学</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="构造地貌学">构造地貌学</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#F5F5F5;">根据<b>研究对象</b>及其<b>应用范围</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="动力地貌学">动力地貌学</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="应用地貌学">应用地貌学</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">历史与<b>发展</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">古代（《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E6%BA%AA%E7%AC%94%E8%B0%88" title="梦溪笔谈">梦溪笔谈</a>》）<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 近代（<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%AE%BA" title="板块构造论">板块构造论</a></b>）<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 现代（<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%AE%BA" title="板块构造论">板块构造论</a></b>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">主体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌体（页面不存在）">地貌体</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地貌形体</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地形</a>）</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">/</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地貌形体</a><b>空间单元</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%A2%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星形地貌形体（页面不存在）">星形地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A8%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巨地貌形体（页面不存在）">巨地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大地貌形体（页面不存在）">大地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中地貌形体（页面不存在）">中地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小地貌形体（页面不存在）">小地貌形体</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AE%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="微地貌形体（页面不存在）">微地貌形体</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">地貌<b>形体要素</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌面（页面不存在）">地貌面</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌线（页面不存在）">地貌线</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌点（页面不存在）">地貌点</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌形体表述（页面不存在）">地貌形体表述</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">文学表述，数字参数表述</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">地貌形体的<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="地图">地图</a>表示</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%9B%BE" title="地形图">地形图</a></b>表示，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%93%E9%97%A8%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="专门地貌图（页面不存在）">专门地貌图</a></b>的地貌表示</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">类型与结构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌类型（页面不存在）">地貌类型</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌结构（页面不存在）">地貌结构</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">研究对象与内容</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">是研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="地球表面">地球表面</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理景观（页面不存在）">地理景观</a>的形体特征，形成这些形体的内外动力作用及过程，组成这些形体的物质的理化性质及其与动力的协作关系，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="地貌">地貌</a><br />随时间推移的演变规律，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌内部结构（页面不存在）">地貌内部结构</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E8%A7%84%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地貌空间分布规律（页面不存在）">地貌空间分布规律</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学">科学</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">發育作用力</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内动力作用（页面不存在）">内动力作用</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">地球内部<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%BD" title="热能">热能</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="化学能">化学能</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="重力能">重力能</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%AC" title="地球自转">地球自转</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%AC" title="地球公转">地球公转</a>）产生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="作用力">作用力</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外动力作用（页面不存在）">外动力作用</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="风化">风化</a></b>（物理•化学•生物），<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%A5%E8%9A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="剥蚀">剥蚀</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="沉积">沉积</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">人类行为与活动影响（第三地貌动力）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">作用方式<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 干预方式</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内外地貌动力动力相互作用（页面不存在）">内外地貌动力动力相互作用</a>之情况</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">/</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:Horizon Blue;">影响因素</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="气候">气候</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="构造运动">构造运动</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a>影响</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>地貌</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%82%E8%B4%A8%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砂质岩石（页面不存在）">砂质岩石</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%9C%9E%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" title="丹霞地貌">丹霞地貌</a></b>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1%E7%A0%82%E5%B2%A9%E5%B3%B0%E6%9E%97%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石英砂岩峰林地貌（页面不存在）">石英砂岩峰林地貌</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9" title="玄武岩">玄武岩</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B2%97%E5%B2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="花岗岩">花岗岩</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B1%E5%B2%97%E5%B2%A9%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="花岗岩地貌（页面不存在）">花岗岩地貌</a>（花岗岩峰林，花岗岩丘陵），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玄武岩地貌（页面不存在）">玄武岩地貌</a>[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E6%9F%B1%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玄武岩石柱林（页面不存在）">玄武岩石柱林</a>（如：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="巨人之路">巨人之路</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%B2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南定岛（页面不存在）">南定岛</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%84%E6%AD%A6%E5%B2%A9%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玄武岩台地（页面不存在）">玄武岩台地</a> ]</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%BA%B6%E6%80%A7%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可溶性岩石（页面不存在）">可溶性岩石</a>地貌</b>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%BA%B6%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="岩溶地貌">岩溶地貌</a></b>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E8%8A%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石芽（页面不存在）">石芽</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溶沟（页面不存在）">溶沟</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E6%B0%B4%E6%B4%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="落水洞">落水洞</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B2%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盲谷（页面不存在）">盲谷</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="干谷">干谷</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B6%E6%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溶斗（页面不存在）">溶斗</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%BA%B6%E6%B4%BC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩溶洼地（页面不存在）">岩溶洼地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%BA%B6%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩溶盆地（页面不存在）">岩溶盆地</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E4%B8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰丛（页面不存在）">峰丛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰林（页面不存在）">峰林</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%A4%E5%B3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孤峰（页面不存在）">孤峰</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%BA%B6%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩溶丘陵（页面不存在）">岩溶丘陵</a>；<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9E%E7%A9%B4%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洞穴地貌（页面不存在）">洞穴地貌</a></b>；<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%99%E5%8D%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钙华地貌（页面不存在）">钙华地貌</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD%E5%B2%A9" title="碳酸鹽岩">碳酸盐岩</a>景观（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迪纳瑞克山区（页面不存在）">迪纳瑞克山区</a>），岩溶洞穴通道系统（如：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9B%E7%8A%B8%E6%B4%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猛犸洞">猛犸洞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83" title="尼亚加拉瀑布">尼亚加拉瀑布</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" title="黄土地貌">黄土地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">（如：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="黄土高原">黄土高原</a>）<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%A1%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土塬（页面不存在）">黄土塬</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%A2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土墚（页面不存在）">黄土墚</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%B3%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土峁（页面不存在）">黄土峁</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%9D%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土坪（页面不存在）">黄土坪</a>；<i>地貌形体</i>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切沟（页面不存在）">切沟</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E6%B2%9F" title="冲沟">冲沟</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干沟（页面不存在）">干沟</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河沟（页面不存在）">河沟</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%A2%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土墹（页面不存在）">黄土墹</a>；<i><b>空间组合</b>类型</i>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土山地（页面不存在）">黄土山地</a>、丘陵与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%BD%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宽谷（页面不存在）">宽谷</a>、丘陵与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%B7%E4%B8%AD%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谷中谷（页面不存在）">谷中谷</a>、丘陵与<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%9D%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="溝谷">沟谷</a>、黄土塬与沟谷</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">生物岩地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B8%E7%A4%81" title="岸礁">岸礁</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%A1%E7%A4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="堡礁">堡礁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%A4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="环礁">环礁</a>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E7%A4%81" title="珊瑚礁">珊瑚礁</a></b>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内动力地貌（页面不存在）">内动力地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;"><b>大陆裂谷</b>与<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="构造山系（页面不存在）">构造山系</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球构造山系（页面不存在）">全球构造山系</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%A3%82%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大陆裂谷（页面不存在）">大陆裂谷</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水平构造地貌（页面不存在）">水平构造地貌</a></b>与<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单斜构造地貌（页面不存在）">单斜构造地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">水平：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="方山">方山</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%8C%E7%8A%B6%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桌状台地（页面不存在）">桌状台地</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E9%A1%B6%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平顶高地（页面不存在）">平顶高地</a>；单斜：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%82%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩层三角面（页面不存在）">岩层三角面</a>（另有：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%82%E6%A2%AF%E5%BD%A2%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩层梯形面（页面不存在）">岩层梯形面</a>、三角面）与<a href="/w/index.php?title=V%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E9%99%A1%E5%B4%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V字形陡崖（页面不存在）">V字形陡崖</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E9%9D%A2%E5%B1%B1" title="單面山">单面山</a>地貌（另有：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="构造台地（页面不存在）">构造台地</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AA%E8%83%8C%E5%B2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="猪背岭">猪背岭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E5%90%91%E5%9D%A1" title="順向坡">顺向坡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单斜谷（页面不存在）">单斜谷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E5%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="逆向坡（页面不存在）">逆向坡</a>）；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E7%8A%B6%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格状河系（页面不存在）">格状河系</a>（谷地系统）（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%BA%E5%90%91%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="顺向河（页面不存在）">顺向河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%90%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次成河（页面不存在）">次成河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="逆向河（页面不存在）">逆向河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%8D%E9%A1%BA%E5%90%91%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="再顺向河（页面不存在）">再顺向河</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;">褶皱构造地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E8%A4%B6%E6%9B%B2%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原生褶曲构造地貌（页面不存在）">原生褶曲构造地貌</a></b>[长轴褶皱平行岭谷；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%92%E7%BD%AE%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倒置地貌（页面不存在）">倒置地貌</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E6%96%9C%E8%B0%B7" title="向斜谷">向斜谷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%8C%E6%96%9C%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="背斜谷（页面不存在）">背斜谷</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E6%88%90%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次成山（页面不存在）">次成山</a>）]，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%AD%E8%BD%B4%E8%A4%B6%E6%9B%B2%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="短轴褶曲构造地貌形体（页面不存在）">短轴褶曲构造地貌形体</a></b>{<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%BE%E4%BC%8F%E8%83%8C%E6%96%9C%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倾伏背斜山（页面不存在）">倾伏背斜山</a>（如<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%90%E5%B1%B1" title="庐山">庐山</a>北部的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%88%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大月山（页面不存在）">大月山</a>），倾伏褶曲山岭，倒置地貌[ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%B9%E5%BD%A2%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="船形山（页面不存在）">船形山</a>（类似<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="方山">方山</a>）]}，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E8%BD%B4%EF%BC%88%E7%A9%B9%E7%AA%BF%EF%BC%89%E8%A4%B6%E6%9B%B2%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="等轴（穹窿）褶曲构造地貌（页面不存在）">等轴（穹窿）褶曲构造地貌</a></b>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%99%B6%E7%9B%90%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结晶盐山丛（页面不存在）">结晶盐山丛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E7%8E%AF%E5%BD%A2%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单斜环形山岭（页面不存在）">单斜环形山岭</a>和谷地）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="斷層">断层</a>构造地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E5%B4%96%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="断层崖地貌（页面不存在）">断层崖地貌</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="断层谷地貌（页面不存在）">断层谷地貌</a></b>（如：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A0%91%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地堑谷（页面不存在）">地堑谷</a>），<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AD%E5%9D%97%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="断块山地地貌（页面不存在）">断块山地地貌</a></b>（如：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%90%E5%B1%B1" title="庐山">庐山</a>局部）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩浆活动构造地貌（页面不存在）">岩浆活动构造地貌</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="火山活動">火山活动</a>构造地貌形体（<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E9%8C%90" title="火山錐">火山锥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="火山口">火山口</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#CCB38C;">活动构造地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新构造运动（页面不存在）">新构造运动</a>；</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外动力地貌（页面不存在）">外动力地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流水地貌（页面不存在）">流水地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#87CEEB;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%B0%B4" title="流水">流水</a>作用</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="侵蚀">侵蚀</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%90%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="运移（页面不存在）">运移</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="沉积">沉积</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#87CEEB;">地貌类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%9D%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="溝谷">沟谷</a>流水地貌</b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="河谷">河谷</a>流水地貌</b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3" title="河口">河口</a>地区地貌</b>（<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲</a></b>），<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%EF%BC%88%E8%B0%B7%EF%BC%89%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河（谷）系（页面不存在）">河（谷）系</a>的发育</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB" title="水系">水系</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="坡地">坡地</a>重力地貌</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#F4A460;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="坡地">坡地</a>系统</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="坡地">坡地</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#F4A460;">地貌类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E5%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="崩塌">崩塌</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E5%9D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="滑坡">滑坡</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B4%A9" title="山崩">山崩</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%99%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="错落（页面不存在）">错落</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A1%E5%9C%B0%E8%A0%95%E5%8A%A8" title="坡地蠕动">坡地蠕动</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基本</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰川作用（页面不存在）">冰川作用</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%BA%AA%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="第四纪冰期">第四纪冰期</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">冰川的分类与类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%B3%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山岳冰川（页面不存在）">山岳冰川</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%B0%B7%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="山谷冰川">山谷冰川</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%AC%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悬冰川（页面不存在）">悬冰川</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%96%97%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰斗冰川">冰斗冰川</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E9%A1%B6%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平顶冰川（页面不存在）">平顶冰川</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E9%BA%93%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山麓冰川（页面不存在）">山麓冰川</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="大陸冰川">大陆冰川</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">冰川作用与地貌形体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰蚀作用（页面不存在）">冰蚀作用</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E8%9A%80%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰蚀地貌（页面不存在）">冰蚀地貌</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%96%97" title="冰斗">冰斗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%B3%B0" title="角峰">角峰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%83%E8%84%8A" title="刃脊">刃脊</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰川谷（页面不存在）">冰川谷</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E7%A2%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰碛地貌（页面不存在）">冰碛地貌</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冻土</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冻土</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冻融作用</a>（均参见“<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F" title="冻土">冻土</a>”），<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冻土地貌形体（页面不存在）">冻土地貌形体</a></b>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石海（页面不存在）">石海</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="石河">石河</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="构造土（页面不存在）">构造土</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%A0%B8%E4%B8%98" title="冰核丘">冰核丘</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E4%B8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰丘（页面不存在）">冰丘</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E8%9E%8D%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热融地貌（页面不存在）">热融地貌</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%B2%99" title="風沙">风沙</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀地貌（页面不存在）">风蚀地貌</a>形体（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E6%B4%BC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀洼地（页面不存在）">风蚀洼地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E8%98%91%E8%8F%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀蘑菇（页面不存在）">风蚀蘑菇</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E6%9F%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀柱（页面不存在）">风蚀柱</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀城堡（页面不存在）">风蚀城堡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀谷（页面不存在）">风蚀谷</a>与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E4%B8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀丘（页面不存在）">风蚀丘</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀雅丹（页面不存在）">风蚀雅丹</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E7%A7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风积地貌（页面不存在）">风积地貌</a>形体（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%98%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙丘地貌（页面不存在）">沙丘地貌</a>），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E5%8A%9B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风力作用（页面不存在）">风力作用</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风蚀作用（页面不存在）">风蚀作用</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%8E%E7%A7%AF%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="风积作用（页面不存在）">风积作用</a>），<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%92%E6%BC%A0" title="荒漠">荒漠</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="海岸">海岸</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">海岸地貌（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%A0%86%E7%A7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岸堆积地貌（页面不存在）">海岸堆积地貌</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="海岸">海岸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2" title="沙洲">沙洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="潟湖">潟湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%A0%91%E6%9E%97" title="红树林">红树林</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A" title="珊瑚">珊瑚</a>海岸</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#7FFFD4;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="人工">人工</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0" title="梯田">梯田</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%9F%BA%E9%B1%BC%E5%A1%98" title="桑基鱼塘">桑基鱼塘</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%AB%E6%B5%B7(%E6%B9%96)%E9%80%A0%E9%99%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="填海(湖)造陆（页面不存在）">填海(湖)造陆</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="填海">填海</a>)，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="水库">水库</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E6%B7%A4%E6%B3%A5%E5%9D%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄土淤泥坝（页面不存在）">黄土淤泥坝</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地外动力地貌（页面不存在）">地外动力地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9955FF;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="隕石">隕石</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3%E5%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="隕石坑">隕石坑</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隕石平原（页面不存在）">隕石平原</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3%E5%B1%B1" title="隕石山">隕石山</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9955FF;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="電離">電離</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> </b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9955FF;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="引力">引力</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> </b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#9955FF;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="射线">射線</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b> </b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="区域地貌（页面不存在）">区域地貌</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" title="山">山地</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><b>山地</b></i>：单元（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" title="山">山峰</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山岭（页面不存在）">山岭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="山脉">山脉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%9F" title="山原">山原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%B3%BB" title="山系">山系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="山地地区">山地地区</a>）<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b>结构</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%A0%82" class="mw-disambig" title="山頂">山顶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9D%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="山坡">山坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%BA%93" title="山麓">山麓</a>）<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 要素<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b>特征</b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b>形成与发展</b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 分类[按<br /><b>高度和形态</b>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="低山">低山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6)" title="中山 (地貌学)">中山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="高山">高山</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极高山（页面不存在）">极高山</a>；按<b>成因</b>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="构造山地（页面不存在）">构造山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩浆活动山地（页面不存在）">岩浆活动山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="侵蚀切割山地（页面不存在）">侵蚀切割山地</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%A5%E8%9A%80%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="剥蚀山地（页面不存在）">剥蚀山地</a>）；按<b>组成物质</b>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岩浆岩山地（页面不存在）">岩浆岩山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E7%A7%AF%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沉积岩山地（页面不存在）">沉积岩山地</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%98%E8%B4%A8%E5%B2%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="变质岩山地（页面不存在）">变质岩山地</a>）/<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="平原">平原</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">形态分类：（据<b>高度和形态指标</b>分类）<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="高平原">高平原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="低平原">低平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洼地平原（页面不存在）">洼地平原</a>，（据<b>表面起伏形态</b>分类）<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%A6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平坦平原（页面不存在）">平坦平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%8A%B6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波状平原（页面不存在）">波状平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%BE%E6%96%9C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倾斜平原（页面不存在）">倾斜平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B8%E7%8A%B6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凸状平原（页面不存在）">凸状平原</a>；成因分类：（按照<b>内动力对地壳作用的强度和性质，及外营力相应作用效果和持久时间</b>划分）构造面平原、缓慢上升剥蚀型平原、缓慢下沉补偿型平原、不等量上升与下沉共建的平原；外动力作用分类：<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%A7%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="冲积平原">冲积平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湖成平原（页面不存在）">湖成平原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海成平原（页面不存在）">海成平原</a>、冰川及冰水作用形成的平原、沙丘覆盖的平原</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="高原">高原</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">据地貌形体；据空间位置：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E9%97%B4%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山间高原（页面不存在）">山间高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E8%BE%B9%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山边高原（页面不存在）">山边高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%8C%E7%8A%B6%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桌状高原（页面不存在）">桌状高原</a>；据内外力和岩性：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%86%E8%B5%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隆起高原（页面不存在）">隆起高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%94%E5%B2%A9%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熔岩高原（页面不存在）">熔岩高原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9C%9F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="黄土高原">黄土高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%AA%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰雪高原（页面不存在）">冰雪高原</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="盆地">盆地</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="塔里木盆地">塔里木盆地</a>地貌、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="刚果盆地">刚果盆地</a>地貌等</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98" class="mw-redirect" title="大陆边缘">大陆边缘</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%9E%B6" title="大陆架">大陆架</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9D%A1" title="大陆坡">大陆坡</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%B2%9B" title="大陆岛">大陆岛</a>（冲蚀岛、构造岛），<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9F%BA" title="大陆基">大陆基</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#50C878;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%8B%E5%BA%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洋底（页面不存在）">洋底</a>地貌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">形体：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B2%9F" title="海沟">海沟</a>地貌，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%9B%E5%AD%A4%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岛孤地貌（页面不存在）">岛孤地貌</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%86" title="海盆">海盆</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中央海岭（页面不存在）">中央海岭</a>，平顶山峰；各大洋底地貌</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#E0FFFF;">分支学科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%9C%9F%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="冻土学">冻土学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="古地理学">古地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地理学">水文地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤地理学">土壤地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="旅游地理学">旅游地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%A6" title="地图学">地图学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%A6" title="地名学">地名学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="理论地理学">理论地理学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="区域地理学">区域地理学</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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