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dir="rtl"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>PL/I</b> (קרי: "פי אל ואן", קיצור של Programming Language One) היא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שפת תכנות">שפת תכנות</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תכנות אימפרטיבי">אימפרטיבית</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תכנות פרוצדורלי">פרוצדורלית</a>, שפותחה באמצע <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-20?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שנות ה-60 של המאה ה-20">שנות ה-60 של המאה ה-20</a> על ידי חברת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IBM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IBM">IBM</a>. השפה נועדה להחליף את שתי השפות הנפוצות באותו זמן, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortran">FORTRAN</a> ו-<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/COBOL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="COBOL">COBOL</a>. בעוד ששפת פורטרן נועדה לשימושים מדעיים, ואילו קובול נועדה לשימושים מסחריים, PL/I נועדה להיות שפת תכנות למטרות כלליות - "הכל עבור כולם" - ולשמש ליישומים מדעיים, הנדסיים ומסחריים ואף ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="תכנות מערכות (הדף אינו קיים)">תכנות מערכות</a>.</p> <table class="infobox"> <caption dir="auto" style="background: #F7D79C; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:0px;"> PL/I </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פרדיגמת תכנות">פרדיגמות</a></th> <td>אימפרטיבית, פרוצדורלית, תכנות מקבילי</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">תאריך השקה</th> <td>1964 <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223433?uselang%3Dhe%23P571" title="עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים"><img alt="עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/15px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/23px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/30px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">מתכנן</th> <td><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IBM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IBM">IBM</a> ו-SHARE Language Committee</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">מפתח</th> <td>IBM</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">גרסה אחרונה</th> <td>‏ (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1981?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1981">1981</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מערכת טיפוסים">טיפוסיות</a></th> <td>סטטית</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">ניבים</th> <td>PL/M, XPL, PL/P, PL/C, PL/S, PL/AS, PL/X, PL/8, EPL</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">הושפעה על ידי</th> <td><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/COBOL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="COBOL">COBOL</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ALGOL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">השפיעה על</th> <td>SP/k, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="B (שפת תכנות)">B</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/REXX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="REXX">REXX</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=AS/400&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="AS/400 (הדף אינו קיים)">AS/400</a> Control Language</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ibm.com/products/pli-compiler-zos">אתר רשמי</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223433" title="לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית"><img alt="לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/22px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/33px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/44px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עזרה:תבנית מידע"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/OOjs_UI_icon_info_big.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_info_big.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/OOjs_UI_icon_info_big.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_info_big.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/OOjs_UI_icon_info_big.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_info_big.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>PL/I כללה תמיכה במרבית התכונות שנתמכו על ידי כל שפה (אימפרטיבית) אחרת שהייתה קיימת לפניה, וכללה פיצ'רים חדשים רבים, או כאלה שהופיעו לראשונה בשפה אימפרטיבית: <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רקורסיה">רקורסיה</a>, מספר גדול מאוד של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="טיפוס נתונים">טיפוסי נתונים</a> פרימיטיביים, יכולת לטפל ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="חריגה">חריגות</a> בזמן ריצה, תמיכה מובנית בשפה ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ניפוי שגיאות">ניפוי שגיאות</a>, ועוד.</p> <p>כיום PL/I איננה בשימוש נפוץ. בין הסיבות לכך מקובל למנות את גודלה העצום (מילות מפתח רבות, מבנים תחביריים רבים, ומספר עודף של טיפוסי נתונים בסיסיים המובנים בשפה) המקשה על לימוד השפה; וכן הקושי לכתוב לה <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%93%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מהדר">מהדר</a> יעיל, תכונה שהביאה לכך שמהדרים יעילים היו מסחריים ויקרים.</p> <p>לשפת PL/I דיאלקטים רבים, ורבים מתוכם (לדוגמה PL/M) מבוססים על הרעיון של צמצום של השפה, כך שתהיה קלה יותר ללמידה והידור.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="he" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">תוכן עניינים</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PL/I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">היסטוריה</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PL/I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">הצלחה בתעשייה</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PL/I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">מאפיינים</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PL/I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">תחביר</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PL/I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">מילות מפתח</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PL/I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%93%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">דוגמת קוד</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PL/I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">קישורים חיצוניים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="היסטוריה"><span id=".D7.94.D7.99.D7.A1.D7.98.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.94"></span>היסטוריה</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PL/I&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "היסטוריה"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>בשנות ה-50 ותחילת שנות ה-60 מתכנתים עבור יישומים מסחריים ומדעיים השתמשו בחומרה שונה ובשפות תכנות שונות. עבור יישומים מדעיים תכנתו בעיקר בשפת פורטרן, וכן (במידה מעטה) במספר שפות נוספות כגון GIP, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ALGOL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a>, GEORGE ועוד. יישומים מסחריים פותחו בעיקר ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/COBOL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="COBOL">קובול</a>. המחשב <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IBM_System/360?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IBM System/360">IBM System/360</a> פותח על מנת לתת מענה לשתי קבוצות המשתמשים, ולכן IBM חיפשה גם שפת תכנות שתיתן מענה מספק עבורן. ב-IBM קיוו להרחיב את שפת פורטרן כך שתתן מענה גם ליישומים מסחריים. בשנת 1963 התגבשה ועדה של חברי IBM שהחלה לתכנן הרחבה של שפת פורטרן. הם לא הצליחו להתגבר על המגבלות הקיימות בשפה, ולכן החליטו לתכנן שפה חדשה לחלוטין, שתתבסס במידת-מה על שפת אלגול שפורסמה זמן לא רב קודם לכן.</p> <p>השפה הייתה אמורה להיקרא NPL (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ראשי תיבות">ראשי תיבות</a> של New Programming Language) אך למניעת בלבול עם שמה של המעבדה הפיזיקלית של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הממלכה המאוחדת">בריטניה</a> (National Physical Laboratory) שונה השם תחילה ל- MPPL‏ (MultiPurpose Programming Language), ולאחר מכן ל-PL/I, כאשר I מסמנת את הייצוג ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ספרות רומיות">ספרות רומיות</a> לספרה 1.</p> <p>ההגדרה הראשונה של השפה פורסמה בשנת 1964. השפה הוגדרה פורמלית במספר צעדים: בשנת 1965 פורסם <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מדריך למשתמש">מדריך למשתמש</a>, בשנת 1967 פורסמו דרישות פורמליות לשפה, ובשנת 1976 התקבל <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תקן">תקן</a> עבורה. הפצת המהדר לשפה החלה בשנת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1966?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1966">1966</a>.</p> <p>השפה פותחה לסביבת IBM Mainframe, ובמהלך השנים נוצרו גם גרסאות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="יוניקס">יוניקס</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Windows?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> ו- <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OpenVMS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> שלה. כיום PL/I אינה מהווה שפה שבה מקובל לפתח מערכות חדשות, אף שחברת IBM ממשיכה לפתח את השפה וליצור גרסאות חדשות שלה, ועדיין פועלות בהצלחה מערכות שנכתבו בעבר בשפה זו.</p> <p>עם התפתחות ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תכנות מובנה">תכנות המובנה</a>, בשנות ה-70, אמצה PL/I את עקרונותיו, ונוספו לה מבני בקרה המאפשרים כתיבה לפי עקרונות אלה.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="הצלחה_בתעשייה"><span id=".D7.94.D7.A6.D7.9C.D7.97.D7.94_.D7.91.D7.AA.D7.A2.D7.A9.D7.99.D7.99.D7.94"></span>הצלחה בתעשייה</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PL/I&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "הצלחה בתעשייה"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>ביחס לתכנון, PL/I לא עמדה ביעדים שהציבו מתכנניה. PL/I התחרתה בעיקר בשלוש שפות:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortran">FORTRAN</a>, שהייתה השפה העיקרית ליישומים מדעיים.</li> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/COBOL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="COBOL">COBOL</a>, שהייתה השפה הנפוצה ליישומים מסחריים.</li> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ALGOL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a>, שפותחה מעט לפניה. אלגול התקבלה באקדמיה אך לא בתעשייה, אם כי השיגה תפוצת-מה באירופה.</li> </ul> <p>PL/I נכשלה בניסיון להחליף את קובול ופורטרן, אך הצליחה (בעזרת כוח השוק של IBM, מפתחת השפה) להאפיל על שפת אלגול. עם זאת, ל-PL/I (בדומה לשפת קובול) השפעה מעטה על שפות שהופיעו אחריה, יחסית לפורטרן ואלגול.</p> <p>אחד מהפרויקטים הראשונים שפותחו בשפת PL/I הוא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מערכת הפעלה">מערכת ההפעלה</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Multics&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Multics (הדף אינו קיים)">Multics</a>.</p> <p>בשנות ה-70 זכתה PL/I לתפוצה רחבה יחסית, וכן נעשה בה שימוש במוסדות אקדמיים כשפה אותה לימדו (היא הוחלפה על ידי שפת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פסקל (שפת תכנות)">פסקל</a>, שתוכננה למטרה זאת, בסוף שנות ה-70). שפת PL/I נלמדה באוניברסיטאות בישראל (אלה שהעמידו מחשב IBM לרשות תלמידיהן) עד אמצע שנות ה-80. כמו כן, PL/I זכתה לתפוצה בגוש המזרחי, יותר מאשר בעולם המערבי.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="מאפיינים"><span id=".D7.9E.D7.90.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.99.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>מאפיינים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PL/I&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "מאפיינים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>PL/I תומכת בתכנות פרוצדורלי, וזהו יתרון בולט שלה על COBOL, המתחרה העיקרית שלה בשנות ה-60 וה-70.</p> <p>כלים שלראשונה הופיעו ב-PL/I:</p> <ul> <li>תמיכה ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99" title="עיבוד מקבילי">תכנות מקבילי</a>.</li> <li>תמיכה ב-23 סוגי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="חריגה">חריגות</a> בזמן ריצה.</li> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מצביע">מצביע</a> כ<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="טיפוס נתונים">טיפוס נתונים</a>.</li> <li>ניהול זיכרון דינמי: <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94_(%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="משתנה (תכנות)">משתנים</a> חולקו לארבע קטגוריות מבחינת ניהול הזיכרון: <ul> <li>AUTOMATIC: המשתנה נוצר עם הפעלת הפרוצדורה שבה הוא מוגדר, ונעלם עם סיום הפעלת הפרוצדורה. משתנים כאלה הם גם בעלי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תחום הכרזה">תחום הכרזה</a> (Scope) מוגבל, תכונה התורמת לקריאות של התוכנית. ומגדילה את אוסף המזהים בהם המתכנת יכול להשתמש. מאפיין זה הוא ברירת מחדל להגדרת משתנה.</li> <li>STATIC: משתנה המתקיים במשך כל זמן פעולתה של התוכנית. בתוכניות שרצות תחת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CICS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CICS">CICS</a> אסור לשנות תוכן של משתנה כזה (כלומר מכיל תוכן קבוע).</li> <li>CONTROLLED: משתנה שהתוכנית קובעת מתי ייווצר ומתי יפנה את הזיכרון - משתנה כזה <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הקצאת זיכרון דינמית">מוקצה באופן דינמי</a> על גבי זיכרון הערימה. שפת PL/I איננה כוללת מנגנון <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A3_%D7%96%D7%91%D7%9C_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="איסוף זבל (מדעי המחשב)">איסוף זבל</a>.</li> <li>BASED: משתנה המבוסס על הזיכרון שהוקצה למשתנה אחר. בעזרת קטגוריה זאת המתכנת יכול להגדיר מנגנון הקצאת זיכרון דינמי משלו, התפור לצורכי התוכנית.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>יכולות נוספות:</p> <ul> <li>תמיכה ברקורסיה.</li> <li>אוסף נרחב של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="פונקציה (תכנות)">פונקציות</a> (built-in functions) לעיבוד של מספרים, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%AA_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מחרוזת (מדעי המחשב)">מחרוזות</a>, מצביעים ועוד.</li> </ul> <p>בשפה יש שימוש נרחב (יש הסבורים שמוגזם) ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%93%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ברירת מחדל">ברירות מחדל</a> בהגדרה של משתנים. משתנה שאינו מוגדר, יוגדר אוטומטית (בדומה לפורטרן) על ידי המהדר כ FIXED BIN (כלומר <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מספר בינארי">מספר בינארי</a> ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="נקודה קבועה">נקודה קבועה</a>) כאשר שמו מתחיל באותיות I עד N ואחרת יוגדר כמשתנה FLOAT (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="נקודה צפה">נקודה צפה</a>). עם זאת, רשימת כל המשתנים שלא הוגדרו מוצגת באזהרה של המהדר, כך שניתן לזהותם ולהגדירם. בהגדרה של משתנה אין צורך לתת את כל מאפייניו, משום שגם למאפיינים יש ברירות מחדל.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="תחביר"><span id=".D7.AA.D7.97.D7.91.D7.99.D7.A8"></span>תחביר</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PL/I&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "תחביר"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>מאפיינים תחביריים של השפה:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תחביר">תחביר</a> השפה הוא דמוי-אנגלית, מאפיין שנלקח משפת COBOL, אך הוא קומפקטי במידה ניכרת מזה של COBOL.</li> <li>פקודות מסתיימות ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="נקודה ופסיק">נקודה ופסיק</a> (;), בדומה לשפות ממשפחת-אלגול.</li> <li>פרוצדורות נפתחות במילה PROC ומסתיימות במילה END.</li> <li>בלוקים נפתחים במילה BEGIN ומסתיימים במילה END.</li> <li>האופרטור '=' משמש הן ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פקודת השמה">פעולת השמה</a> והן לפעולת השוואה, בתלות בהקשר שבו הוא נמצא.</li> </ul> <p>כמקובל במרבית שפות התכנות, PL/I אינה מתירה הגדרה של מזהים (עבור משתנים ופרוצדורות) הכוללים רווחים. הפרדה בין מילים במזהה נעשית באמצעות מקף תחתון (למשל: NEXT_PRIME).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="מילות_מפתח"><span id=".D7.9E.D7.99.D7.9C.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.9E.D7.A4.D7.AA.D7.97"></span>מילות מפתח</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PL/I&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "מילות מפתח"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>מילות המפתח של השפה אינן <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מילים שמורות">מילים שמורות</a>, וניתן להשתמש בהם גם כמזהים. הקוד הבא, לדוגמה, חוקי (אם כי אינו מקובל):</p> <div dir="ltr" align="left"> <p>IF IF = THEN THEN THEN = ELSE ELSE ELSE = IF;</p> </div> <p>בשורה זו נבדק האם ערכו של המשתנה IF זהה לערכו של המשתנה THEN. אם כן, מושם במשתנה THEN ערכו של המשתנה ELSE; אחרת מושם במשתנה ELSE ערכו של המשתנה IF. ניתן להבחין בכך שהמלים IF, THEN ו-ELSE משמשות גם כמילות מפתח בשפה, וגם כשמות של משתנים. המשמעות של כל מופע של מילה ספציפית נקבעת לפי ההקשר. מאפיין זה מסבך את שלב <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ניתוח מילולי">הניתוח הלקסיקלי</a> של הקוד (השלב הראשון בהידור), כיוון שהמנתח הלקסיקלי, המבוסס על פי רוב על <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ביטוי רגולרי">ביטויים רגולריים</a>, איננו יכול לדעת אם המילה בה הוא נתקל משמשת כמזהה או כמילת מפתח.</p> <p>חופש זה של PL/I הביא לכך שבהגדרת השפה עצמה לאותה מילה יש לעיתים שתי משמעויות, בהתאם להקשר. דוגמה: המילה FIXED משמשת במסגרת פקודת DECLARE להגדרה של משתנה בנקודה קבועה, ומשמשת גם כפונקציה המחזירה את החלק השלם של מספר (בדוגמת הקוד שלהלן מופיעה המילה בשתי משמעויותיה).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="דוגמת_קוד"><span id=".D7.93.D7.95.D7.92.D7.9E.D7.AA_.D7.A7.D7.95.D7.93"></span>דוגמת קוד</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PL/I&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "דוגמת קוד"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>תוכנית <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hello_World?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hello World">Hello World</a>:</p> <div class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>HELLO: <span style="color: green;">PROCEDURE OPTIONS (MAIN)</span>;</p> <dl> <dd> /* A PROGRAM TO OUTPUT HELLO WORLD */ </dd> <dd> <span style="color: green;">PUT SKIP LIST</span> ('HELLO WORLD!'); </dd> </dl> <p><span style="color: green;">END</span> HELLO;</p> </div> <p>דוגמה ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="פונקציה (תכנות)">פונקציית</a> PL/I הבודקת האם מספר נתון הוא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מספר ראשוני">מספר ראשוני</a>:</p> <div class="mw-content-ltr"> <dl> <dd> PRIMALITY: <span style="color: green;">PROC</span> (NUMBER) <span style="color: green;">RETURNS</span> (BIT (1)); /* בדיקת ראשוניות של מספר */ <dl> <dd> <span style="color: green;">DECLARE</span> NUMBER <span style="color: green;">FIXED</span> (9); /* המספר הנבדק */ </dd> <dd> <span style="color: green;">DECLARE</span> F <span style="color: green;">FIXED</span> (9); </dd> <dd> <span style="color: green;">DO</span> F=2 <span style="color: green;">TO SQRT</span> (NUMBER); /* לולאה עד שורש המספר הנבדק */ <dl> <dd> <span style="color: green;">IF FIXED</span> (NUMBER / F) * F = NUMBER </dd> <dd> <span style="color: green;">THEN RETURN</span> ('0'B); /* המספר אינו ראשוני */ </dd> </dl> </dd> <dd> <span style="color: green;">END</span>; </dd> <dd> <span style="color: green;">RETURN</span> ('1'B); /* המספר ראשוני */ </dd> </dl> </dd> <dd> <span style="color: green;">END</span> PRIMALITY; </dd> </dl> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים"><span id=".D7.A7.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.97.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>קישורים חיצוניים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PL/I&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "קישורים חיצוניים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>עריכה</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Green_globe.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Green_globe.svg/15px-Green_globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Green_globe.svg/15px-Green_globe.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Green_globe.svg/23px-Green_globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Green_globe.svg/30px-Green_globe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ibm.com/products/pli-compiler-zos">אתר האינטרנט הרשמי</a> של PL/I</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://thinkil.co.il/texts/m017p017-020/">PL/1 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ONE - שפת תיכנות חדשה</a>, <b><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%AA)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מחשבות (כתב עת)">מחשבות</a></b> 17, מאי 1966, עמ' 17–20</li> </ul> <div class="mw-content-ltr"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622220338/http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/pli/">IBM PL/I Compilers</a> for <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z/OS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AIX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=MVS&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="MVS (הדף אינו קיים)">MVS</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=VM&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="VM (הדף אינו קיים)">VM</a> and <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=VSE&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="VSE (הדף אינו קיים)">VSE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iron-spring.com/">Iron Spring Software</a>, PL/I for Linux and <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OS/2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OS/2">OS/2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20021206103323/http://www.kednos.com/">Kednos PL/I</a> for <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OpenVMS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> and <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tru64&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tru64 (הדף אינו קיים)">Tru64</a></li> </ul> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> אוחזר מתוך "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPL/I%26oldid%3D39971753">https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PL/I&oldid=39971753</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=PL/I&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="אלעדב." data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731588117"> <span>נערך לאחרונה ב־14 בנובמבר 2024, בשעה 14:41</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>שפות</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%259B/1" title="ПЛ/1 – בלארוסית" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="ПЛ/1" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="בלארוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – בולגרית" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="בולגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%258F%25E0%25A6%25B2/%25E0%25A6%2593%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="পিএল/ওয়ান – בנגלית" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিএল/ওয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="בנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – בוסנית" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="בוסנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – קטלאנית" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="קטלאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – צ׳כית" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="צ׳כית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – דנית" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="דנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/1" title="PL/1 – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PL/1" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – אסטונית" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="אסטונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584/%25DB%25B1" title="پی‌ال/۱ – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پی‌ال/۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – פינית" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="פינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/1" title="PL/1 – גליסית" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="PL/1" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="גליסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/1" title="PL/1 – קרואטית" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="PL/1" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – הונגרית" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="הונגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – אידו" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="אידו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%258E%25E0%25B5%25BD/%25E0%25B4%2590" title="പിഎൽ/ഐ – מליאלאם" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിഎൽ/ഐ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="מליאלאם" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_pengaturcaraan_PL/I" title="Bahasa pengaturcaraan PL/I – מלאית" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa pengaturcaraan PL/I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="מלאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/1" title="PL/1 – הולנדית" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="PL/1" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="הולנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – נורווגית ספרותית" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="נורווגית ספרותית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – פולנית" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="פולנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%259B/1" title="ПЛ/1 – רוסית" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ПЛ/1" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="רוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – סרבו-קרואטית" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="סרבו-קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – סלובקית" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="סלובקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/1" title="PL/1 – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="PL/1" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%259B/1" title="ПЛ/1 – טג׳יקית" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="ПЛ/1" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="טג׳יקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – אוקראינית" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="אוקראינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I – סינית" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="PL/I" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="סינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/1" title="PL/1 – קנטונזית" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="PL/1" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="קנטונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-he.svg" alt="ויקיפדיה" width="120" height="28" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.75em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">דף זה נערך לאחרונה ב־14 בנובמבר 2024, בשעה 14:41.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">התוכן זמין לפי תנאי <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.he">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> אלא אם כן נאמר אחרת.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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