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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Land+Rover" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Land+Rover" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rover_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rover_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Rover era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rover_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_Rover_Ltd_–_subsidiary_of_BL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_Rover_Ltd_–_subsidiary_of_BL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Land Rover Ltd – subsidiary of BL</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_Rover_Ltd_–_subsidiary_of_BL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BMW_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BMW_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>BMW era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BMW_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ford_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ford_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ford era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ford_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tata_Motors_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tata_Motors_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Tata Motors era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tata_Motors_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Global sales</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Global_sales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Global sales subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Global_sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Global_and_regional_unit_sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_and_regional_unit_sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Global and regional unit sales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_and_regional_unit_sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unit_sales_by_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unit_sales_by_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Unit sales by model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unit_sales_by_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Models-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Models subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concepts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concepts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Concepts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Concepts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Concepts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Electric vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Abilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Abilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Abilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Abilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Military use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitive_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitive_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Competitive use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitive_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Driver_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Driver_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Driver training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Driver_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Brand extensions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Brand_extensions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Brand extensions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Brand_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bicycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bicycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coffee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coffee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Coffee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coffee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pushchairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pushchairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Pushchairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pushchairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Land Rover</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1" title="لاند روفر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاند روفر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لندرور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لندرور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لندرور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لندرور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0" title="લેન્ડ રોવર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લેન્ડ રોવર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84" title="랜드로버 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랜드로버" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="लैंड रोवर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लैंड रोवर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8" title="לנד רובר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לנד רובר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ленд ровер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ленд ровер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC" title="ലാൻഡ് റോവർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാൻഡ് റോവർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0" title="लँड रोव्हर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लँड रोव्हर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1" title="لاند روفر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاند روفر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC" title="ランドローバー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ランドローバー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%A4%DB%95%D8%B1" title="لاند ڕۆڤەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لاند ڕۆڤەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ల్యాండ్ రోవర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ల్యాండ్ రోవర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แลนด์โรเวอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แลนด์โรเวอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E8%99%8E" title="路虎 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路虎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Land Rover" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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navigation-not-searchable">"Land Rover Ltd." redirects here. For the 1948–1985 Land Rover model, made by the Rover Company, see <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Series">Land Rover Series</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover (marque)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253811603">.mw-parser-output .ib-brand-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox hproduct ib-brand"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Land Rover (marque)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_logo_black.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Land_Rover_logo_black.svg/220px-Land_Rover_logo_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Land_Rover_logo_black.svg/330px-Land_Rover_logo_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9f/Land_Rover_logo_black.svg/440px-Land_Rover_logo_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Tiras_Mountains_Namibia_(2009).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Land_Rover_Tiras_Mountains_Namibia_%282009%29.jpg/220px-Land_Rover_Tiras_Mountains_Namibia_%282009%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Land_Rover_Tiras_Mountains_Namibia_%282009%29.jpg/330px-Land_Rover_Tiras_Mountains_Namibia_%282009%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Land_Rover_Tiras_Mountains_Namibia_%282009%29.jpg/440px-Land_Rover_Tiras_Mountains_Namibia_%282009%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Product type</th><td class="infobox-data type"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury vehicles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a><sup id="cite_ref-tm_reg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm_reg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">1948<span class="noprint">; 76 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1948</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-robson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robson_-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Markets</th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> <br />(1948–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motor Corporation</a><br /> (1967–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a><br />(1968–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Ltd.">Land Rover Ltd.</a><br />(1978–2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tagline</th><td class="infobox-data">"Above & Beyond"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landrover.com/">landrover.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Land Rover Limited</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LandRover.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/LandRover.svg/220px-LandRover.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/LandRover.svg/330px-LandRover.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/LandRover.svg/440px-LandRover.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="269" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1978<span class="noprint">; 46 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1978</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Car manufacturing merged with Jaguar Cars in 2013 as Jaguar Land Rover</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Solihull</a>, West Midlands (1978–2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a> <br />(1978–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a><br />(1986–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a><br />(1994–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a><br />(2000–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a><br />(2008–2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Land Rover</b> is a British brand of predominantly <a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">four-wheel drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road capable</a> vehicles, owned by <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Automaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Automaker">car manufacturer</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a> (JLR), since 2008 a subsidiary of India's <a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JLR builds Land Rovers in Brazil, China, India, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom. The Land Rover name was created in 1948 by the <a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> for a utilitarian 4WD off-road vehicle. Currently, the Land Rover range consists solely of upmarket and luxury <a href="/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport utility vehicle">sport utility vehicles</a>. </p><p>Land Rover was granted a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Warrant_of_Appointment_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Warrant of Appointment (United Kingdom)">Royal Warrant</a> by King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, it received a <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Awards_for_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Awards for Enterprise">Queen's Award for Enterprise</a> for outstanding contribution to international trade.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, Land Rover grew into its own brand, and for a while also a company, encompassing a consistently growing range of four-wheel drive, off-road capable models. Starting with the much more upmarket <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Classic" title="Range Rover Classic">1970 Range Rover</a>, and subsequent introductions of the mid-range <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery</a> and entry-level <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander</a> line, in 1989 and 1997, as well as the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Land Rover Defender</a> refresh, the marque today includes two models of Discovery, four distinct models of <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover" title="Range Rover">Range Rover</a>, and after a three-year hiatus, a second generation of Defenders have gone into production for the 2020 model year – in short or long wheelbase, as before. </p><p>For half a century, from the original 1948 model, to 1997, when the Freelander was introduced, Land Rovers and Range Rovers exclusively relied on their trademark boxed-section <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_frame" title="Vehicle frame">vehicle frames</a>. Land Rover used boxed frames in a direct product bloodline until the termination of the original Defender in 2016. Their last <a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">body-on-frame</a> model was replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">monocoque</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery#Third_generation_(L462;_2017–present)" title="Land Rover Discovery">third generation Discovery</a> in 2017. Since then, all Land Rovers and Range Rovers have a <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unified body and frame</a> structure. </p><p>Since 2010, Land Rover has introduced two-wheel drive variants, both of the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander</a>, and of the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Evoque" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Evoque">Evoque</a>, after having built exclusively 4WD cars for 62 years.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2WD Freelander has been succeeded by a 2WD <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery_Sport" title="Land Rover Discovery Sport">Discovery Sport</a>, available in some markets.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Originally, these vehicles were simply called the 'Land Rover' – an <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road capable</a> car model of the <a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a>. As 'Land Rover' became established as a <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a>, the 'Series' indication later became a <a href="/wiki/Retronym" title="Retronym">retronym</a> <a href="/wiki/Car_model" title="Car model">model name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Classic" title="Range Rover Classic">Range Rover</a> was introduced in 1970, and the company became a British Leyland subsidiary in 1978. In 1983 and 1984, the long and the short wheelbase Land Rovers were given official names – the One Ten, and the Ninety respectively. Together they were badged the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Defender models</a> in 1990, after the 1989 introduction of the new <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery</a> model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rover_era">Rover era</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Celebrates_65_Years_Of_Technology_%26_Innovation_(8838044808).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Land_Rover_Celebrates_65_Years_Of_Technology_%26_Innovation_%288838044808%29.jpg/220px-Land_Rover_Celebrates_65_Years_Of_Technology_%26_Innovation_%288838044808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Land_Rover_Celebrates_65_Years_Of_Technology_%26_Innovation_%288838044808%29.jpg/330px-Land_Rover_Celebrates_65_Years_Of_Technology_%26_Innovation_%288838044808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Land_Rover_Celebrates_65_Years_Of_Technology_%26_Innovation_%288838044808%29.jpg/440px-Land_Rover_Celebrates_65_Years_Of_Technology_%26_Innovation_%288838044808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Series I first registered January 1949<br />"HUE166 first production Land-Rover"<br />portraits of Spencer and Maurice Wilks</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LandRoverIIALWB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/LandRoverIIALWB.jpg/220px-LandRoverIIALWB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/LandRoverIIALWB.jpg/330px-LandRoverIIALWB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/LandRoverIIALWB.jpg/440px-LandRoverIIALWB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1015" /></a><figcaption>Series IIA long-wheelbase</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andy%27s_Landrover_-_Dash_(2708153690).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Andy%27s_Landrover_-_Dash_%282708153690%29.jpg/220px-Andy%27s_Landrover_-_Dash_%282708153690%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Andy%27s_Landrover_-_Dash_%282708153690%29.jpg/330px-Andy%27s_Landrover_-_Dash_%282708153690%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Andy%27s_Landrover_-_Dash_%282708153690%29.jpg/440px-Andy%27s_Landrover_-_Dash_%282708153690%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Series IIA dashboard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-08-12_Veicolo_per_incendi_boschivi_Cascina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2016-08-12_Veicolo_per_incendi_boschivi_Cascina.jpg/220px-2016-08-12_Veicolo_per_incendi_boschivi_Cascina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2016-08-12_Veicolo_per_incendi_boschivi_Cascina.jpg/330px-2016-08-12_Veicolo_per_incendi_boschivi_Cascina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2016-08-12_Veicolo_per_incendi_boschivi_Cascina.jpg/440px-2016-08-12_Veicolo_per_incendi_boschivi_Cascina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Land Rover conversion to fight forest fires, <a href="/wiki/Cascina" title="Cascina">Cascina</a>, Italy (August 2016)</figcaption></figure> <p>The design for the original vehicle was started in 1947 by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilks" title="Maurice Wilks">Maurice Wilks</a>. Wilks, chief designer at the <a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a>, on his farm in <a href="/wiki/Newborough,_Anglesey" title="Newborough, Anglesey">Newborough, Anglesey</a>, worked in conjunction with his brother <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Wilks" title="Spencer Wilks">Spencer</a> who was the managing director of Rover.<sup id="cite_ref-dt_20080328_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dt_20080328-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design may have been influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Bantam_GP" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantam GP">Jeep</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the prototype, later nicknamed <a href="/wiki/Centre_Steer" title="Centre Steer">Centre Steer</a>, was built on a Jeep chassis and axles.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early choice of colour was dictated by <a href="/wiki/Military_surplus" title="Military surplus">military surplus</a> supplies of aircraft cockpit paint, so early vehicles only came in various shades of light green. Starting with the series I Land Rover, all models in this era featured sturdy <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_frame#Boxed" title="Vehicle frame">box-section</a> ladder-frame chassis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early vehicles like the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Series#Series_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Series">Series I</a> were field-tested at Long Bennington and designed to be field-serviced. </p><p>After the formation of Land Rover Limited in 1978 the hyphen in Land-Rover – as shown in the logo – began to be dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_Rover_Ltd_–_subsidiary_of_BL"><span id="Land_Rover_Ltd_.E2.80.93_subsidiary_of_BL"></span>Land Rover Ltd – subsidiary of BL</h3></div> <p>Land Rover as a company has existed since 1978. Prior to this, it was a product line of the Rover Company, which was absorbed into the Rover-Triumph division of the <a href="/wiki/British_Leyland_Motor_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Leyland Motor Corporation">British Leyland Motor Corporation</a> (BL) following <a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motor_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Leyland Motor Corporation">Leyland Motor Corporation</a>'s takeover of Rover in 1967. The ongoing commercial success of the original Land Rover series models and the Range Rover in the 1970s, in the midst of BL's well-documented business troubles, prompted the establishment of a separate Land Rover company under the BL umbrella, remaining part of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a> in 1988 under the ownership of <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a>, after British Leyland was broken up and privatised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BMW_era">BMW era</h3></div> <p>On 31 January 1994, <a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group plc</a>, including Land Rover, was acquired by <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>. In 2000, Rover Group was broken up by BMW and Land Rover was sold on to <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, becoming part of its <a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">Premier Automotive Group</a>. The transition to BMW ownership only just preceded the introduction of the second generation <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(P38A)" title="Range Rover (P38A)">Range Rover</a>, prior to launching Land Rover's first <a href="/wiki/Unibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Unibody">unibody</a> model, the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander</a> in 1997. BMW was then responsible for much of the development of the <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L322)" title="Range Rover (L322)">Range Rover III</a> – the first to have a monocoque structure and <a href="/wiki/Car_suspension" title="Car suspension">independent suspension</a>, introduced under Ford in late 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ford_era">Ford era</h3></div> <p>After the introduction of the all-new Range Rover in 2001, Ford moved Land Rover further away from its traditional boxed ladder-frames, by introducing a <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery#Discovery_3_/_LR3_(2004–2009)" title="Land Rover Discovery">new generation Discovery</a> featuring "Integrated Body Frame", in 2004. From then on, only the Defender continued on Land Rover's traditional since 1948 underpinnings. Use of the <a href="/wiki/Rover_V8_engine" title="Rover V8 engine">Rover V8 engine</a> in Land Rovers also ended with the replacement of the mk. II Discovery. </p><p>In 2006 Ford also purchased the <a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover brand</a> from BMW for around £6 million. BMW had retained ownership of the brand to protect the integrity of the Land Rover brand, with which 'Rover' might be confused in the US – market, and allowed it to be used under licence by <a href="/wiki/MG_Rover" class="mw-redirect" title="MG Rover">MG Rover</a> until it collapsed in 2005, at which point it was offered to the Ford Motor Company, who by then owned Land Rover. On 11 June 2007, Ford announced that it planned to sell Land Rover along with <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a>. Private equity firms such as <a href="/wiki/Alchemy_Partners" title="Alchemy Partners">Alchemy Partners</a> of the UK, <a href="/wiki/TPG_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="TPG Capital">TPG Capital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ripplewood_Holdings" title="Ripplewood Holdings">Ripplewood Holdings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerberus_Capital_Management" title="Cerberus Capital Management">Cerberus Capital Management</a> and <a href="/wiki/One_Equity_Partners" title="One Equity Partners">One Equity Partners</a> of the US, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a> of India and a consortium comprising <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_%26_Mahindra" title="Mahindra & Mahindra">Mahindra & Mahindra</a> of India and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Management">Apollo Management</a> all initially expressed interest in purchasing the <a href="/wiki/Marque" class="mw-redirect" title="Marque">marques</a> from the Ford Motor Company.<sup id="cite_ref-From_Archive.org-6375467_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_Archive.org-6375467-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 2008, Ford formally declared that Tata was the preferred bidder.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 March 2008, Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors, and that it expected to complete the sale by the end of the second quarter of 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-ford_20080326_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ford_20080326-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tata_Motors_era">Tata Motors era</h3></div> <p>On 18 January 2008, Tata Motors, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Group</a>, established <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover Limited</a> as a British-registered and wholly owned subsidiary. The new company was to be used as a holding company for the acquisition of the two businesses from Ford – Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover. That acquisition was completed on 2 June 2008 at a cost of £1.7 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-r_20080602_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r_20080602-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCJagJobs_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCJagJobs-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jlrar2010-2011_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jlrar2010-2011-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in the deal to buy Land Rover and Jaguar Cars were the rights to three other British brands: the <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler marque</a>, as well as two dormant brands <a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> and Rover.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 2013, the group, which had been operating as two separate companies (Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover), although on an integrated basis, underwent a fundamental restructuring. The parent company was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC, Jaguar Cars Limited was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the assets (excluding certain Chinese interests) of Land Rover were transferred to it. The consequence was that Jaguar Land Rover Limited became responsible in the UK for the design, manufacture and marketing of both Jaguar and Land Rover branded products, and Land Rover and Jaguar Cars ceased to be separate vehicle producing entities.<sup id="cite_ref-jlrar2012-2013_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jlrar2012-2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3></div> <ul><li>1947: Rover's chief designer <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilks" title="Maurice Wilks">Maurice Wilks</a> and his associates create a prototype using Jeep chassis and components<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1948: The first Land Rover was officially launched on 30 April 1948, at the Amsterdam Motor Show</li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Series_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Series II">Series II</a> launched</li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Series_IIa" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Series IIa">Series IIA</a> began production</li> <li>1967: Rover becomes part of <a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a>, later <a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a> (BL) as Rover Triumph</li> <li>1970: Introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Classic" title="Range Rover Classic">Range Rover</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Series_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Series III">Series III</a> launched</li> <li>1974: Land Rover abandons US market<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> facing competitive pressure from Japanese – brands</li> <li>1975: BL collapses and is nationalised, publication of the <a href="/wiki/Ryder_Report_(British_Leyland)" title="Ryder Report (British Leyland)">Ryder Report</a> recommends that Land Rover be split from Rover and be treated as a separate company within BL and becomes part of the new commercial vehicle division called the Land Rover Leyland Group</li> <li>1976: One-millionth Land Rover leaves the production line</li> <li>1978: Land Rover Limited formed as a separate subsidiary of British Leyland<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1980: Rover car production ends at <a href="/wiki/Solihull_plant" title="Solihull plant">Solihull</a> with the transfer of SD1 production to <a href="/wiki/Plant_Oxford" title="Plant Oxford">Cowley, Oxford</a>; Solihull is now exclusively for Land Rover manufacture. 5-door Range Rover introduced</li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Land Rover 90 (Ninety)/110 (One-Ten)/127</a> (renamed Defender in 1990) introduced</li> <li>1986: BL plc becomes Rover Group plc; <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Llama" title="Land Rover Llama">Project Llama</a> started</li> <li>1987: Range Rover is finally introduced to the US market, following many years of demand being filled by <a href="/wiki/Grey_import_vehicle" title="Grey import vehicle">grey market sales</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1988: Rover Group is privatised and becomes part of <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a>, and is now known simply as <a href="/wiki/MG_Rover" class="mw-redirect" title="MG Rover">Rover</a></li> <li>1989: Introduction of <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery</a></li> <li>1990: The Ninety and One-Ten range of models are given the generic name of <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Defender</a></li> <li>1994: Rover Group is taken over by <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>. Introduction of second-generation Range Rover. (The original Range Rover was continued under the name 'Range Rover Classic' until 1995)</li> <li>1997: Land Rover introduces the Special Edition Discovery XD with AA yellow paint, subdued wheels, SD type roof racks, and a few other off-road upgrades directly from the factory. Produced only for the North American market, the Special Vehicles Division of Land Rover created only 250 of these bright yellow SUVs.</li> <li>1997: Introduction of <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander</a></li> <li>1998: Introduction of mark II Discovery</li> <li>2000: BMW breaks up the Rover Group and sells Land Rover to <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> for £1.8 billion<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002: Introduction of third-generation <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover" title="Range Rover">Range Rover</a></li> <li>2004: Introduction of second-generation <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery</a>, marketed as the Discovery 3, or LR3, depending on market</li> <li>2005: Introduction of <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Sport" title="Range Rover Sport">Range Rover Sport</a></li> <li>2005: Adoption of <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_AJ-V8_engine" title="Jaguar AJ-V8 engine">Jaguar AJ-V8 engine</a> to replace the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M62" title="BMW M62">BMW M62</a> <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> in the Range Rover</li> <li>2006: Announcement of a new 2.4-litre diesel engine, 6-speed gearbox, dash and forward-facing rear seats for Defender. Introduction of the second generation of Freelander (Freelander 2). Ford acquires the Rover trademark from BMW, who previously licensed its use to MG Rover Group</li> <li>8 May 2007: 4,000,000th Land Rover rolls off the production line, a Discovery 3 (LR3), donated to The <a href="/wiki/Born_Free_Foundation" title="Born Free Foundation">Born Free Foundation</a></li> <li>12 June 2007: Announcement from the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> that it plans to sell Land Rover and also <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a></li> <li>August 2007: Tata Motors and <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_%26_Mahindra" title="Mahindra & Mahindra">Mahindra & Mahindra</a> as well as financial sponsors <a href="/wiki/Cerberus_Capital_Management" title="Cerberus Capital Management">Cerberus Capital Management</a>, <a href="/wiki/TPG_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="TPG Capital">TPG Capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Global_Management" title="Apollo Global Management">Apollo Global Management</a> expressed their interest in purchasing <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a> and Land Rover from the Ford Motor Company.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>26 March 2008: Ford agreed to sell the Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors.<sup id="cite_ref-ford_20080326_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ford_20080326-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2 June 2008: Tata Motors finalised their purchase of Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford and put them into their new subsidiary, Jaguar Land Rover<sup id="cite_ref-r_20080602_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r_20080602-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010: Introduction of <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery 4 / LR4</a></li> <li>2011: The <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a> introduced</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L405)" title="Range Rover (L405)">Fourth-generation Range Rover</a> was exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Paris_Motor_Show" title="2012 Paris Motor Show">2012 Paris Motor Show</a></li> <li>1 January 2013: Land Rover and Jaguar Cars merged to form a single company, Jaguar Land Rover Limited, producing vehicles under both marques</li> <li>2014: The New Discovery Range was unveiled at the 2014 New York Motor Show<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1 March 2017: The <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Velar" title="Range Rover Velar">Range Rover Velar</a> was unveiled in London<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 2018: representatives of the company Land Rover announced the launch of a new project called "Cortex", for the implementation of which will be spent about $5 million. The goal of this project is "to create self-propelled cars-robots that are able to independently navigate off-road in all weather conditions."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 2019: Land Rover announces it is working on a remote control system for its new Defender that would allow low-speed driving from outside the car<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender_(L663)" title="Land Rover Defender (L663)">Land Rover Defender (L663)</a> is released.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h2></div> <p>Jaguar Land Rover manufactures Land Rover cars in plants in five countries.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_20190225_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl_20190225-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom the <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L405)" title="Range Rover (L405)">Range Rover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Sport_(L494)" class="mw-redirect" title="Range Rover Sport (L494)">Range Rover Sport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Velar" title="Range Rover Velar">Range Rover Velar</a> are built at their <a href="/wiki/Solihull_plant" title="Solihull plant">Solihull plant</a> near Birmingham and the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery_Sport" title="Land Rover Discovery Sport">Discovery Sport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Evoque" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Evoque">Evoque</a> are built at their <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Halewood" title="Jaguar Land Rover Halewood">Halewood plant</a> near Liverpool. In October 2018 JLR opened a new plant in <a href="/wiki/Nitra" title="Nitra">Nitra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> to build the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery_(L462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Discovery (L462)">Discovery</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cl_20190225_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl_20190225-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are now also building the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender_(L663)" title="Land Rover Defender (L663)">2020 Defender</a> there.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_20190505_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl_20190505-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Brazil the company builds both the Discovery Sport and Evoque in their plant in <a href="/wiki/Itatiaia" title="Itatiaia">Itatiaia</a> which was opened in June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_20190225_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl_20190225-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> JLR has been building cars since 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, India and currently builds the Discovery Sport and Evoque there.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_20190225_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl_20190225-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under a 50/50 <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chery" title="Chery">Chery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a> in China Discovery Sports and Evoques are also built.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_20190225_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl_20190225-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically Land Rovers were manufactured primarily at the <a href="/wiki/Solihull_plant" title="Solihull plant">Solihull plant</a> until production of the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander</a> was moved to the Halewood plant. The Freelander was also assembled in <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">CKD</a> form at Land Rover's facility in Pune, India.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2015, the company continued to expand by building locally in India as well as increasing the number of models made at JLR's Chikhali facility near Pune to include the Discovery Sport and Evoque.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender_(L316)" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Defender (L316)">Defender</a> models were assembled under licence in several locations worldwide, including Spain (<a href="/wiki/Santana_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Santana Motors">Santana Motors</a>), Iran (Pazhan <a href="/wiki/Morattab" title="Morattab">Morattab</a>), Brazil (<a href="/wiki/Karmann" title="Karmann">Karmann</a>), and Turkey (<a href="/wiki/Otokar" title="Otokar">Otokar</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_sales">Global sales</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_and_regional_unit_sales">Global and regional unit sales</h3></div> <p>Worldwide sales of Land Rover tripled from model year 2008/'09 to 2014/'15 (from almost 130,000 to some 385,000 units), to peak at a further 10% higher in '15/'16 and '16/'17, and have since slid by some 100,000 (to 320,000 units) in 2018/'19.<sup id="cite_ref-LRsalesStatistica_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LRsalesStatistica-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of the facts, that Australia and New Zealand were important Land Rover markets in the 20th century, and sales in the Asia Pacific region have quadrupled from 2008/'09 to 2014/'15, Land Rover have stopped publishing sales of that region separately – instead including them in "Rest of World" starting 2015/'16. </p><p>Overall, Europe is the firm's primary market, consistently yielding 40% to 50% of global units sold. Generally, half of that is down to the home (UK) market. Sales in the U.K. and the U.S. have generally kept equal pace, but since 2012 China has taken the lead as Land Rover's biggest single country market, except for 2018/'19.<sup id="cite_ref-LRsalesStatistica_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LRsalesStatistica-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Per calendar year:</b> <sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th><b>2009</b></th> <th><b>2010</b></th> <th><b>2011</b></th> <th><b>2012</b></th> <th><b>2013</b></th> <th><b>2014</b></th> <th><b>2015</b></th> <th><b>2016</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Units sold </th> <td><b>144,371</b></td> <td><b>181,395</b></td> <td><b>223,602</b></td> <td><b>303,926</b></td> <td><b>348,338</b></td> <td><b>381,108</b></td> <td><b>403,079</b></td> <td><b>434,582</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Per model year:</b> <sup id="cite_ref-LRsalesStatistica_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LRsalesStatistica-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:5em;">model year </th> <th style="width:5em;">United Kingdom </th> <th style="width:5em;">Europe (continent) </th> <th style="width:5em;">North America </th> <th style="width:5em;">China* </th> <th style="width:5em;">Asia Pacific** </th> <th style="width:5em;">Rest of world </th> <th style="width:5em;">Total </th></tr> <tr> <th>'08 / '09 </th> <td>25,197</td> <td>33,040</td> <td>23,008</td> <td>7,536</td> <td>5,436</td> <td>34,327</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>128,544</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'09 / '10 </th> <td>39,085</td> <td>39,086</td> <td>29,319</td> <td>14,962</td> <td>6,092</td> <td>28,633</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>157,177</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'10 / '11 </th> <td>42,125</td> <td>42,732</td> <td>36,041</td> <td>26,009</td> <td>7,288</td> <td>34,892</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>189,087</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'11 / '12 </th> <td>46,257</td> <td>58,213</td> <td>44,136</td> <td>44,622</td> <td>10,485</td> <td>47,919</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>251,632</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'12 / '13 </th> <td>57,186</td> <td>70,252</td> <td>49,931</td> <td>67,579</td> <td>14,008</td> <td>57,087</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>316,043</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'13 / '14 </th> <td>60,019</td> <td>71,525</td> <td>56,214</td> <td>83,186</td> <td>17,787</td> <td>65,058</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>353,789</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'14 / '15 </th> <td>68,882</td> <td>78,140</td> <td>61,555</td> <td>95,528</td> <td>21,548</td> <td>59,626</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>385,279</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'15 / '16 </th> <td>79,723</td> <td>103,683</td> <td>83,133</td> <td>79,937</td> <td></td> <td>80,646</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>427,122</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'16 / '17 </th> <td>85,623</td> <td>100,711</td> <td>81,949</td> <td>95,856</td> <td></td> <td>67,022</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>431,161</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'17 / '18 </th> <td>58,417</td> <td>78,836</td> <td>68,519</td> <td>89,975</td> <td></td> <td>56,224</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>351,971</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th>'18 / '19 </th> <td>60,791</td> <td>60,168</td> <td>83,389</td> <td>57,801</td> <td></td> <td>57,882</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh"><b>320,031</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="text-align:center">* China includes data for 2015/16 onwards of Chery Jaguar Land Rover (CJLR) sales. <br /> ** Asia Pacific is merged into the rest of world heading from 2015/16 onwards. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unit_sales_by_model">Unit sales by model</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery_Sport" title="Land Rover Discovery Sport">Discovery Sport</a> is the most successful Land Rover model, selling 95,520 units globally in 2018. This was followed by another 'sports' model, the Range Rover Sport, at 77,847 units.<sup id="cite_ref-LRsalesStatistica_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LRsalesStatistica-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Discovery Sport is the successor to the brands Freelander model, which was Europe's best selling – for five years in a row, after its market introduction in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-LR_Int_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LR_Int-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Land_Rover_Freelander_TD_2.0_facelift_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/2007_Land_Rover_Freelander_TD_2.0_facelift_Front.jpg/220px-2007_Land_Rover_Freelander_TD_2.0_facelift_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/2007_Land_Rover_Freelander_TD_2.0_facelift_Front.jpg/330px-2007_Land_Rover_Freelander_TD_2.0_facelift_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/2007_Land_Rover_Freelander_TD_2.0_facelift_Front.jpg/440px-2007_Land_Rover_Freelander_TD_2.0_facelift_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5178" data-file-height="2609" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Land Rover Freelander</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defender90.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Defender90.JPG/220px-Defender90.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Defender90.JPG/330px-Defender90.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Defender90.JPG/440px-Defender90.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="1810" /></a><figcaption>The 1997 <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Defender</a> 90</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Series_IIB_Forward_Control_(1968)_-_29364327694.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Land_Rover_Series_IIB_Forward_Control_%281968%29_-_29364327694.jpg/220px-Land_Rover_Series_IIB_Forward_Control_%281968%29_-_29364327694.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Land_Rover_Series_IIB_Forward_Control_%281968%29_-_29364327694.jpg/330px-Land_Rover_Series_IIB_Forward_Control_%281968%29_-_29364327694.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Land_Rover_Series_IIB_Forward_Control_%281968%29_-_29364327694.jpg/440px-Land_Rover_Series_IIB_Forward_Control_%281968%29_-_29364327694.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Series IIB Forward Control</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1959_Land_Rover_Series_II_Model_109_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1959_Land_Rover_Series_II_Model_109_003.jpg/220px-1959_Land_Rover_Series_II_Model_109_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1959_Land_Rover_Series_II_Model_109_003.jpg/330px-1959_Land_Rover_Series_II_Model_109_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/1959_Land_Rover_Series_II_Model_109_003.jpg/440px-1959_Land_Rover_Series_II_Model_109_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Series II 109in</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsim_Sha_Tsui_-_2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay_in_Hong_Kong_-_2008-05-02_10h50m54s_SN207104.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tsim_Sha_Tsui_-_2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay_in_Hong_Kong_-_2008-05-02_10h50m54s_SN207104.jpg/220px-Tsim_Sha_Tsui_-_2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay_in_Hong_Kong_-_2008-05-02_10h50m54s_SN207104.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tsim_Sha_Tsui_-_2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay_in_Hong_Kong_-_2008-05-02_10h50m54s_SN207104.jpg/330px-Tsim_Sha_Tsui_-_2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay_in_Hong_Kong_-_2008-05-02_10h50m54s_SN207104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tsim_Sha_Tsui_-_2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay_in_Hong_Kong_-_2008-05-02_10h50m54s_SN207104.jpg/440px-Tsim_Sha_Tsui_-_2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay_in_Hong_Kong_-_2008-05-02_10h50m54s_SN207104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>6-wheel Land Rover Defender, Hong Kong Police Bomb Disposal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016.jpg/220px-Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016.jpg/330px-Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016.jpg/440px-Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4190" data-file-height="2843" /></a><figcaption>2016 Land Rover Discovery 4 – front</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016_-_rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016_-_rear.jpg/220px-Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016_-_rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016_-_rear.jpg/330px-Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016_-_rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016_-_rear.jpg/440px-Land_Rover_Discovery_4_HSE_2016_-_rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4388" data-file-height="2941" /></a><figcaption>2016 Land Rover Discovery 4 – rear</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Defender_110_Station_Wagon_2016_-_left_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Land_Rover_Defender_110_Station_Wagon_2016_-_left_side.jpg/220px-Land_Rover_Defender_110_Station_Wagon_2016_-_left_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Land_Rover_Defender_110_Station_Wagon_2016_-_left_side.jpg/330px-Land_Rover_Defender_110_Station_Wagon_2016_-_left_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Land_Rover_Defender_110_Station_Wagon_2016_-_left_side.jpg/440px-Land_Rover_Defender_110_Station_Wagon_2016_-_left_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3899" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>2016 Land Rover Defender 110 Station Wagon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Defender_110_XS_TD_DC_2015_-_rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Land_Rover_Defender_110_XS_TD_DC_2015_-_rear.jpg/220px-Land_Rover_Defender_110_XS_TD_DC_2015_-_rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Land_Rover_Defender_110_XS_TD_DC_2015_-_rear.jpg/330px-Land_Rover_Defender_110_XS_TD_DC_2015_-_rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Land_Rover_Defender_110_XS_TD_DC_2015_-_rear.jpg/440px-Land_Rover_Defender_110_XS_TD_DC_2015_-_rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2507" /></a><figcaption>2015 Land Rover Defender 110 XS TD DC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_Rover_Range_Rover_Autobiography_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Land_Rover_Range_Rover_Autobiography_2016.jpg/220px-Land_Rover_Range_Rover_Autobiography_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Land_Rover_Range_Rover_Autobiography_2016.jpg/330px-Land_Rover_Range_Rover_Autobiography_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Land_Rover_Range_Rover_Autobiography_2016.jpg/440px-Land_Rover_Range_Rover_Autobiography_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4114" data-file-height="2607" /></a><figcaption>2016 Range Rover Autobiography</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic">Historic</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Series">Series I, II, IIA and III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander</a> (sold in some markets as LR2)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender_(L663)" title="Land Rover Defender (L663)">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery_Sport" title="Land Rover Discovery Sport">Discovery Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover" title="Range Rover">Range Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Sport" title="Range Rover Sport">Range Rover Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Velar" title="Range Rover Velar">Range Rover Velar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepts">Concepts</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Range_Stormer" class="mw-redirect" title="Range Stormer">Range Stormer</a> – Land Rover's first <a href="/wiki/Concept_car" title="Concept car">concept vehicle</a>, unveiled at the 2004 <a href="/wiki/North_American_International_Auto_Show" title="North American International Auto Show">North American International Auto Show</a>, later became the <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Sport" title="Range Rover Sport">Range Rover Sport</a>. (Gritzinger, 2004). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_LRX" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover LRX">Land Rover LRX</a> – Land Rover's second concept vehicle, first unveiled at the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Auto_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Auto Show">2008 Detroit Auto Show</a>. Originally a vehicle with ERAD technology, the production version did not include this. The car was then launched in 2011 as the <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a>, and was the first Range Rover branded product to be offered with front wheel drive, and no low ratio transfer box. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_DC100" title="Land Rover DC100">Land Rover DC100</a> – Land Rover's third concept vehicle, first unveiled at the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Auto_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Auto Show">2011 Frankfurt Auto Show</a>, designed to be a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Land Rover Defender</a>, though it is unlikely that the Defender's replacement will be exactly the same as the DC100 concept. </p><p>Land Rover Discovery Vision Concept – Land Rover's fourth concept vehicle, first unveiled at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Auto_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Auto Show">2014</a>, was designed to be a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Land Rover Discovery</a>, This concept features Transparent Bonnet, Suicide doors, and Laser assisted lamps (there is a very little chance this will be included in any future production vehicles). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <p>Models developed for the UK <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> (MoD) include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_101_Forward_Control" title="Land Rover 101 Forward Control">101 Forward Control</a> – also known as the "Land Rover One Tonne FC"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_1/2_ton_Lightweight" title="Land Rover 1/2 ton Lightweight">1/2 ton Lightweight</a> – airportable military short-wheelbase from the Series 2a</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Wolf" title="Land Rover Wolf">Land Rover Wolf</a> – an uprated Military Defender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snatch_Land_Rover" title="Snatch Land Rover">Snatch Land Rover</a> – Land Rover with composite armoured body in UK Armed Forces Service</li> <li>109 Series IIa and III ambulance (body by <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Aerospace_and_Defence_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group">Marshalls of Cambridge</a>)</li> <li>Range Rover '6×6' Fire Appliance (conversion by Carmichael and Sons of Worcester) for RAF airfield use</li> <li>130 Defender ambulance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Llama" title="Land Rover Llama">'Llama'</a> prototypes for 101 replacement</li></ul> <p>Models developed for the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Perentie" title="Land Rover Perentie">Land Rover Perentie</a> 4×4 and 6×6</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engines">Engines</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_engines" title="Land Rover engines">Land Rover engines</a></div> <p>During the history of the Land Rover many different engines have been fitted: </p> <ul><li>The inlet-over-exhaust petrol engines ("semi side-valve"), in both four- and six-cylinder variants, which were used for the first Land Rovers in 1948, and which had their origins in pre-war Rover cars. Displacement of the first models was 1,600 cc.</li> <li>The four-cylinder overhead-valve engines, both petrol and diesel, which first appeared (in diesel form) in 1957, near the end of Series One production, and evolved over the years to the 300 TDi turbodiesel, which remains in production today for some overseas markets.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a>-sourced all aluminium <a href="/wiki/Rover_V8" class="mw-redirect" title="Rover V8">Rover V8</a> engine.</li> <li>1,997 cc Petrol, inlet-over-exhaust: Series I engine, carried over for the first few months of Series II production.</li> <li>2,052 cc Diesel, overhead-valve: Land Rover's first diesel engine, and one of the first small high-speed diesels produced in the UK. It appeared in 1957, and was used in Series II production until 1961. Looks almost identical to the later 2,286 cc engine, but many internal differences. It produced 51 bhp (38 kW).</li> <li>2,286 cc Petrol, overhead-valve, three-bearing crank:</li> <li>2,286 cc Diesel, overhead-valve, three-bearing crank: Appeared in 1961 alongside the redesigned 2,286 cc petrol engine at the start of Series IIA production, and shared its cylinder block and some other components. It produced 62 bhp (46 kW).</li> <li>2,625 cc Petrol, inlet-over-exhaust: Borrowed from the Rover saloon range, in response to demands from mid-1960s Land Rover users for more power and torque.</li> <li>2,286 cc petrol/diesel, overhead-valve type 11J: five-bearing crank: In 1980, Land Rover finally did something about the crank failures which had plagued its four-cylinder engines for 22 years. These engines lasted beyond the end of Series III production and into the first couple of years of the new Ninety and One Ten ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,258 cc V8 Petrol: The ex-Buick all alloy V8 engine appeared in the Range Rover right from the start of production in 1970, but did not make its way into the company's utility vehicles until 1979.</li> <li>2,495 cc petrol, overhead valve: The final development of Land Rover's ohv petrol 'four', with hardened valve seats which allow running on unleaded (or LPG).</li> <li>2,495 cc diesel, overhead valve, type 12J: Land Rover reworked the old 'two and a quarter' diesel for the 1980s. The injection pump was driven off a toothed belt at the front of the engine (together with the camshaft), a change compared with the older diesels.</li> <li>2,495 cc turbodiesel, overhead valve, type 19J</li> <li>2,495 cc turbodiesel, overhead valve, 200TDi and 300TDi: Used in the Defender and Discovery from 1990. The cylinder block was similar to the previous engine, although strengthened but the cylinder head was all-new and a direct injection fuel system was used.</li> <li>2,495 cc turbodiesel, five-cylinder, TD5: An all-new engine for the second generation Discovery, and the Defender featuring electronic control of the fuel injection system, '<a href="/wiki/Drive_by_wire" title="Drive by wire">drive by wire</a>' throttle, and other refinements</li> <li>The original Freelander models were available with various <a href="/wiki/Rover_K_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rover K engine">Rover K-series engines</a>.</li> <li>In beginning of 2015 they start to use the all new <a href="/wiki/Ingenium_engine_family" title="Ingenium engine family">Ingenium engine family</a>, to replaced Ford sourced engines.</li></ul> <p>As of August 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_Rover&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, most Land Rovers in production are powered by Ford engines.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-454888_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-454888-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the acquisition, Tata has the right to buy engines from Ford until 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-BloombergNews-618828_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BloombergNews-618828-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electric_vehicles">Electric vehicles</h2></div> <p>Integrated Electric Rear Axle Drive (ERAD) technology, dubbed e-terrain technology,<sup id="cite_ref-worldcarfans.com_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldcarfans.com-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> will allow the vehicle to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/move_off" class="extiw" title="wikt:move off">move off</a> without starting the engine as well as supplying extra power over tough terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-worldcarfans.com_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldcarfans.com-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Land Rover's Diesel ERAD Hybrid was developed as part of a multimillion-pound project supported by the UK Government's <a href="/wiki/Energy_Saving_Trust" title="Energy Saving Trust">Energy Saving Trust</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Low_carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Low carbon">low carbon</a> research and development programme. ERAD programme is one of a broad range of sustainability-focused engineering programmes that Land Rover is pursuing, brought together by the company under the collective name "e TERRAIN Technologies".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Land Rover presented at the 2008 <a href="/wiki/London_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="London Motor Show">London Motor Show</a> its new ERAD <a href="/wiki/Diesel%E2%80%93electric_powertrain" title="Diesel–electric powertrain">diesel–electric</a> hybrid in a pair of <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander 2</a> (LR2) prototypes. The new hybrid system is being designed as a scalable and modular system that could be applied across a variety of Land Rover models and powertrains.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Land Rover unveiled the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_LRX" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover LRX">LRX hybrid concept</a> at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, for it to be going into production.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An ERAD will enable the car to run on electric power at speeds below 20 mph (32 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a> was launched, though it was based on the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_LRX" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover LRX">LRX hybrid concept</a> presented at the 2008 North American International Auto Show, it did not include the ERAD system, included in the original concept. </p><p>In February 2013, Land Rover unveiled<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the 83rd <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Motor Show">Geneva Motor Show</a> an <a href="/wiki/All_Terrain_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="All Terrain Vehicle">All-Terrain</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric Vehicle">Electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Defender</a> that produces zero emissions. The electric vehicle was developed for research purposes following successful trials of the Defender-based electric vehicle, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_Rover_Leopard_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Land Rover Leopard 1 (page does not exist)">Leopard 1</a>. The vehicle is capable of producing 70<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/KW" class="mw-redirect" title="KW">kW</a> and 330<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Newton_metre" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton metre">Nm</a> of <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a> and has a range of 80 kilometres or in low speed off-road use it can last for up to eight hours before recharging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abilities">Abilities</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land-Rover.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Land-Rover.JPG/220px-Land-Rover.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Land-Rover.JPG/330px-Land-Rover.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Land-Rover.JPG/440px-Land-Rover.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2209" data-file-height="1826" /></a><figcaption>Land-Rovers at <a href="/wiki/AgQuip" title="AgQuip">AgQuip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunnedah,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunnedah, New South Wales">Gunnedah</a>, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">Power take-off</a> (PTO) was integral to the Land Rover concept from 1948, enabling farm machinery and many other items to be run with the vehicle stationary. Maurice Wilks' original instruction was "...to have power take-offs everywhere!" The 1949 report by British National Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Scottish Machinery Testing Station contained this description: "the power take-off is driven through a <a href="/wiki/Hardy_Spicer" title="Hardy Spicer">Hardy Spicer</a> propeller shaft from the main gearbox output and two interchangeable pinions giving two ratios. </p><p>The PTO gearbox casing is bolted to the rear chassis cross-member and an 8 by 8 inches (200 mm × 200 mm) belt pulley driven from the PTO shaft through two bevel gears can be bolted to the PTO gearbox casing." PTOs remained regular options on Series I, II and III Land Rovers up to the demise of the Series Land Rover in 1985. An agricultural PTO on a Defender is possible as a special order. </p><p>Land Rovers (the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Series/Defender models</a>) are available in a variety of body styles, from a simple canvas-topped pick-up truck to a twelve-seat fully trimmed <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">station wagon</a>. Both Land Rover and out-of-house contractors have offered conversions and adaptations to the basic vehicle, such as <a href="/wiki/Fire_engine" title="Fire engine">fire engines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Excavator" title="Excavator">excavators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elevating_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevating platform">'cherry picker' hydraulic platforms</a>, ambulances, <a href="/wiki/Snowplough" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowplough">snowploughs</a>, and six-wheel-drive versions, as well as one-off special builds including <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">amphibious</a> Land Rovers and vehicles fitted with tracks instead of wheels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_use">Military use</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commandeered_British_Land_Rover_Pyongyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Commandeered_British_Land_Rover_Pyongyang.jpg/220px-Commandeered_British_Land_Rover_Pyongyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Commandeered_British_Land_Rover_Pyongyang.jpg/330px-Commandeered_British_Land_Rover_Pyongyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Commandeered_British_Land_Rover_Pyongyang.jpg/440px-Commandeered_British_Land_Rover_Pyongyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>British Land Rover near <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, November 1950, during the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Armoured_Division_Land_Rover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1st_Armoured_Division_Land_Rover.jpg/220px-1st_Armoured_Division_Land_Rover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1st_Armoured_Division_Land_Rover.jpg/330px-1st_Armoured_Division_Land_Rover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/1st_Armoured_Division_Land_Rover.jpg/440px-1st_Armoured_Division_Land_Rover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>A mired Land Rover of the <a href="/wiki/1st_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st (United Kingdom) Division">1st Armoured Division</a> being extracted during the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:106mm_land_rover.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/106mm_land_rover.JPG/220px-106mm_land_rover.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/106mm_land_rover.JPG/330px-106mm_land_rover.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/106mm_land_rover.JPG/440px-106mm_land_rover.JPG 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Ex-<a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Series">Land Rover Series 2</a> "<a href="/wiki/Technical_(vehicle)" title="Technical (vehicle)">gunbuggy</a>", with an <a href="/wiki/M40_recoilless_rifle" title="M40 recoilless rifle">M40 recoilless rifle</a> used in the anti-tank role, at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bermuda_Regiment_IS_Training.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bermuda_Regiment_IS_Training.jpg/220px-Bermuda_Regiment_IS_Training.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bermuda_Regiment_IS_Training.jpg/330px-Bermuda_Regiment_IS_Training.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Bermuda_Regiment_IS_Training.jpg/440px-Bermuda_Regiment_IS_Training.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Defenders of the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Regiment">Bermuda Regiment</a>, 1994</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2june_2007_087e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/2june_2007_087e.jpg/220px-2june_2007_087e.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/2june_2007_087e.jpg/330px-2june_2007_087e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/2june_2007_087e.jpg/440px-2june_2007_087e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Land Rovers on parade with the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marina_Militare" class="mw-redirect" title="Marina Militare">Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeronautica_Militare" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronautica Militare">Air Force</a>, June 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Various Land Rover models have been used in a military capacity, most notably by the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a>. Modifications may include military "blackout" lights, heavy-duty suspension, uprated brakes, 24 volt electrics, convoy lights, electronic suppression of the ignition system, blackout curtains and mounts for special equipment and small arms. Dedicated military models have been produced such as the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_101_Forward_Control" title="Land Rover 101 Forward Control">101 Forward Control</a> and the air-portable <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_1/2_ton_Lightweight" title="Land Rover 1/2 ton Lightweight">1/2 ton Lightweight</a>. Military uses include light utility vehicle; communications platform; weapon platform for <a href="/wiki/Recoilless_rifle" title="Recoilless rifle">recoilless rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank">Anti-tank</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/BGM-71_TOW" title="BGM-71 TOW">TOW</a> or <a href="/wiki/M40_recoilless_rifle" title="M40 recoilless rifle">M40 recoilless rifle</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">Surface-to-Air</a> Guided Weapons or machine guns; ambulances and workshops. The Discovery has also been used in small numbers, mostly as liaison vehicles. </p><p>Two models that have been designed for military use from the ground up are the 101 Forward Control from the early 1970s and the Lightweight or Airportable from the late 1960s. The latter was intended to be transported under a helicopter. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Mountain_Rescue_Service_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service (United Kingdom)">Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service</a> (RAFMRS) teams were early users in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and their convoys of Land Rovers and larger military trucks are a sight often seen in the mountain areas of the United Kingdom. Originally RAFMRS Land Rovers had blue bodies and bright yellow tops, to be better seen from above. In 1981, the colour scheme was changed to green with yellow stripes. More recently, vehicles have been painted white, and are issued with fittings similar to civilian UK <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Rescue">Mountain Rescue</a> teams. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Pink_Panther"></span> An adaptation of Land Rovers to military purposes is the "Pink Panther" models. Approximately 100 Series IIA models were adapted to <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> use by British special operations forces the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a>. For desert use they were often painted pink, hence the name. The vehicles were fitted with among other gear a <a href="/wiki/Solar_compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar compass">sun compass</a>, machine guns, larger fuel tanks and smoke dischargers. Similar adaptations were later made to Series IIIs and 90/110/Defenders.<sup id="cite_ref-LMS_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMS-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian Army adapted the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Rover Series">Land Rover Series</a> 2 into the <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Patrol_Vehicle" title="Long Range Patrol Vehicle">Long Range Patrol Vehicle</a> for use by the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service_Regiment_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Air Service Regiment (Australia)">Special Air Service Regiment</a> and as an anti-tank "gunbuggy" fitted with an <a href="/wiki/M40_recoilless_rifle" title="M40 recoilless rifle">M40 recoilless rifle</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/75th_Ranger_Regiment" title="75th Ranger Regiment">75th Ranger Regiment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> also adapted twelve versions of the Land Rover that were officially designated the <a href="/wiki/Ranger_Special_Operations_Vehicle" title="Ranger Special Operations Vehicle">Ranger Special Operations Vehicle</a>. </p><p>Series and Defender models have also been armoured. The most widespread of these is the <a href="/wiki/Shorland_armoured_car" title="Shorland armoured car">Shorts Shorland</a>, built by <a href="/wiki/Shorts_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorts Brothers">Shorts Brothers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>. The first of these were delivered in 1965 to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a>, the Northern Ireland police force. They were originally 109-inch (2,800 mm) wheelbase models with an armoured body and a turret from the <a href="/wiki/Ferret_armoured_car" title="Ferret armoured car">Ferret armoured car</a>. By 1990, there had been more than 1,000 produced.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s, a more conventional armoured Land Rover was built for the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Wales called the Hotspur. The <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Tangi" title="Land Rover Tangi">Land Rover Tangi</a> was built by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own vehicle engineering team during the 1990s. The British Army has used various armoured Land Rovers, first in Northern Ireland but also in more recent campaigns. They first added protective panels to Series General Service vehicles, the Vehicle Protection Kit (VPK). </p><p>Later they procured the Glover Webb APV and finally the Courtaulds (later NP Aerospace) Composite Armoured Vehicle, commonly known as <a href="/wiki/SNATCH_Land_Rover" class="mw-redirect" title="SNATCH Land Rover">Snatch</a>. These were originally based on heavy-duty V8 110 chassis but some have recently been re-mounted on new chassis from <a href="/wiki/Otokar" title="Otokar">Otokar</a> of Turkey and fitted with diesel engines and air-conditioning for Iraq. Although these now have more in common with the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Wolf" title="Land Rover Wolf">'Wolf'</a> (Defender XD) Land Rovers that many mistakenly confuse them with, the Snatch and the Wolf are different vehicles. </p><p>The most radical conversion of a Land Rover for military purposes was the Centaur <a href="/wiki/Half-track" title="Half-track">half-track</a>. It was based on a Series III with a V8 engine and a shortened belt drive from the <a href="/wiki/Alvis_Scorpion" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvis Scorpion">Alvis Scorpion</a> light <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a>. A small number was manufactured, and they were used by Ghana, among others. </p><p>The Land Rover is used by military forces throughout the world. The current generation of Land Rover used by British Army, the Snatch 2, have upgraded and strengthened chassis and suspension compared to civilian-specification vehicles. There is also the Land Rover WMIK (weapon mounted installation kit) used by British Army. The WMIK consists of a driver, a raised gun, usually a Browning heavy machine gun or a grenade machine gun, this used for ground support, and a GPMG (general-purpose machine gunner) located next to the driver, this used for vehicle protection. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competitive_use">Competitive use</h3></div> <p>Highly modified Land Rovers have competed in the <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a> and won the <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_4x4_UK_Challenge" title="Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge">Macmillan – UK Challenge</a> almost every year, as well as having been the vehicle used for the <a href="/wiki/Camel_Trophy" title="Camel Trophy">Camel Trophy</a>. Now, Land Rover has its own <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_G4_Challenge" title="Land Rover G4 Challenge">G4 challenge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Driver_training">Driver training</h2></div> <p>Land Rover Experience was established in 1990, and consists of a network of centres throughout the world, set up to help customers get the most out of their vehicles' on and off-road capability. The flagship centres are Land Rover's bases at Solihull, Eastnor, Gaydon and Halewood. Courses offered include off-road driving, winching and trailer handling, along with a variety of corporate and individual 'Adventure Days'. The factory centres at Solihull and Halewood have manufacturing tours, while Gaydon has an engineering tour.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Model-by-model road accident statistics from the UK <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a> published in 2006 showed that the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Land Rover Defender</a> was one of the safest cars on British roads as measured by chance of death in two-car injury accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figures, which were based on data collected by police forces following accidents between 2000 and 2004 in Great Britain, showed that Defender drivers had a 1% chance of being killed or seriously injured and a 33% chance of sustaining any kind of injury. Other four-wheel-drive vehicles scored equally highly, and collectively these vehicles were much safer for their passengers than those in other classes such as passenger cars and MPVs. These figures reflect the fact that drivers of large mass vehicles are likely to be safer, <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_sport_utility_vehicles#Risk_to_other_road_users" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of sport utility vehicles">often at the expense of other drivers</a> if they collide with smaller cars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clubs">Clubs</h2></div> <p>The original Land Rover Owners Club was set up by the Rover Company in 1954. The company published the <i>Land Rover Owners Club Review</i> magazine for members from 1957 to 1968 when the club became the Rover Owners Association. This original association fell away when the company merged with British Leyland. </p><p>There are many Land Rover clubs throughout the UK and internationally. Land Rover clubs break down into a number of groups of varying interests. </p><p>Single Marque Clubs – Bring together owners of a specific model or series of vehicle such as the Land Rover Series One Club,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the Discovery Owners Club.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Single marque clubs have a global membership. </p><p>Special Vehicle Clubs – At various times Land Rover have produced vehicles for specific events or on a specific theme, most notable are the <a href="/wiki/Camel_Trophy" title="Camel Trophy">Camel Trophy</a> and G4 Challenge vehicles which have been sold on to the general public, and a range of Defenders that were loosely based on the custom vehicles produced for the Tomb Raider motion picture. </p><p>Regional Clubs in the UK break down into two groups, competitive and non-competitive. The non-competitive clubs activities generally relate to social events, off-road driving or <a href="/wiki/Green_laning" class="mw-redirect" title="Green laning">green laning</a> on un-surfaced public highways or 'pay and play' days at off-road centres. Competitive clubs are a phenomenon almost exclusively found within the UK, who as well as the non-competitive activities detailed above run competitive events such as Tyro, Road Taxed Vehicle (RTV) and Cross Country Vehicle (CCV) trials, winch and recovery challenges or speed events such as Competitive Safaries. All UK competitive events are run within the framework of rules created by the <a href="/wiki/Motor_Sports_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Sports Association">Motor Sports Association</a> (MSA) with further vehicle specific rules applied by the host club or association. Outside of the UK regional clubs are independent and mostly non-competitive. </p><p>A number of clubs are affiliated to the Association of Land Rover Clubs (ALRC);<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formerly known as the Association of Rover Clubs (ARC) the association applies its own vehicle regulations to all of its member clubs who have the opportunity to compete together at regional events and an annual national event with vehicles approved to the same standard. In recent years some non-competitive clubs have dropped their affiliation fifth ALRC. Few clubs outside of the UK are affiliated with ALRC.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other than ALRC and the short lived Association of North American Rover Clubs (ANARC), which was created 1998 to celebrate Land Rover's 50th anniversary and disbanded in 2001, other groups of Land Rover clubs have affiliated with each other. </p><p>Land Rover owners were also early adopters of virtual clubs that are entirely based online. Bill Caloccia<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created the original Land Rover Owner<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> email list (LRO) as single marque offshoot of the British Cars email list in May 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bill later created email lists in the mid-1990s for Range Rovers (RRO) and various regions (e.g., UK-LRO, AU-LRO, ZA-LRO, EU-LRO, IT-LRO, NL-LRO). In California members of the LRO list created mendo_recce in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, under Ford ownership, Land Rover became more interested in the club environment. An internal club was formed, The Land Rover Club,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> exclusive to employees of Ford's <a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">Premier Automotive Group</a> (Now exclusive to the new 'Jaguar – Land Rover' group since the brand moved away from the Ford stable). Also, an agreement was generated to allow other clubs to use the Land Rover green oval logo under licence. In 2006, the Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire club were the pilot licensees for the new agreement, who now benefit from a reciprocal arrangement where their own logo is trade marked<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and owned by Land Rover and they can refer to themselves as a 'Land Rover Approved Club'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brand_extensions">Brand extensions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycles">Bicycles</h3></div> <p>In 1995, Land Rover endorsed the production of a hand-made bicycle using its logo. The bicycle, called the Land Rover APB and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Pashley_Cycles" title="Pashley Cycles">Pashley Cycles</a> of Stratford-upon-Avon,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the collapsible version of Pashley Cycles' <a href="/wiki/Moulton_Bicycle" title="Moulton Bicycle">Moulton</a> APB (All Purpose Bicycle) model, with leading link front suspension and adjustable damping and stroke. Two more models immediately followed: the Land Rover XCB V-20, aimed primarily at younger riders (children); and the Land Rover XCB D-26, also available as the M26 with hydraulic rim brakes, front suspension and suspension seat pillar. </p><p>In June 2004, Land Rover released a comprehensive 25 model range of bicycles. The three main ranges are the "Defender", the "Discovery", and the "Freelander", each with different attributes. The "Discovery" is an all-rounder bicycle suited to a variety of terrains, "Defender" is most suited to rugged <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a> and off-road pursuits, whereas the "Freelander" is designed for an urban lifestyle. All bikes are made from lightweight aluminium. </p><p>In 2010 the range was relaunched in conjunction with British manufacturer 2x2.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coffee">Coffee</h3></div> <p>Land Rover has had its name associated with coffee since 2005, when the Land Rover Coffee company was established.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pushchairs">Pushchairs</h3></div> <p>Land Rover gave UK <a href="/wiki/Pushchair#Modern_designs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushchair">pram</a> company Pegasus a licence to produce a three-wheeler range of Land Rover ATP <a href="/wiki/Pushchair#Modern_designs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushchair">pushchairs</a>. The design reflected the heritage of the marque, with a light metal frame with canvas seating, held together with push-studs and tough simple parts like brakes and hinges. They could be collapsed completely flat, with wheels removed in seconds. The basic frame could be adapted with modules to allow a baby to lie flat or a bubble windscreen to completely enclose the child. The frame also came in long or short-handled versions, and could be repaired with home tools. The design was simple, light, and rugged and able to travel in all terrains (hence the ATP for all-terrain pushchair.) It came in three military looking colours: a light blue, a sand colour and olive drab. Production was discontinued in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tm_reg-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tm_reg_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK00000663199">"Trade mark number UK00000663199"</a>. Intellectual Property Office. Crown (UK Government). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122152921/https://trademarks.ipo.gov.uk/ipo-tmcase/page/Results/1/UK00000663199">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trade+mark+number+UK00000663199&rft.pub=Crown+%28UK+Government%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrademarks.ipo.gov.uk%2Fipo-tmcase%2Fpage%2FResults%2F1%2FUK00000663199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-robson_-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-robson_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobson1981" class="citation book cs1">Robson, Graham (1981). <i>The Rover company</i> (2 ed.). Patrick Stephens. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85059-543-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85059-543-6"><bdi>0-85059-543-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rover+company&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Patrick+Stephens&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-85059-543-6&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205002225/http://www.tatamotors.com/know-us/associates.php">"Subsidiaries, JVs and Associates: Jaguar Land Rover"</a>. Tata Motors. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tatamotors.com/know-us/associates.php">the original</a> on 5 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subsidiaries%2C+JVs+and+Associates%3A+Jaguar+Land+Rover&rft.pub=Tata+Motors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tatamotors.com%2Fknow-us%2Fassociates.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/queens-birthday-party-speech-by-he-vicki-treadell">"Queen's Birthday Party Speech by H.E. Vicki Treadell"</a>. GOV.UK. 15 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170127225513/https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/queens-birthday-party-speech-by-he-vicki-treadell">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Queen%27s+Birthday+Party+Speech+by+H.E.+Vicki+Treadell&rft.date=2015-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fworld-location-news%2Fqueens-birthday-party-speech-by-he-vicki-treadell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328134151/https://www.jaguarlandrover.com/gl/en/about-us/news/2013/07/24/star-role-for-jaguar-land-rover-at-the-coronation-festival-celebrating-the-60th-anniversary-of-the-coronation-of-hm-the-queen/">"Star role for Jaguar Land Rover at the coronation festival, celebrating the 60th anniversary of the coronation of HM the Queen"</a> (Press release). Jaguar Land Rover News. 5 October 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaguarlandrover.com/gl/en/about-us/news/2013/07/24/star-role-for-jaguar-land-rover-at-the-coronation-festival-celebrating-the-60th-anniversary-of-the-coronation-of-hm-the-queen/">the original</a> on 28 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Star+role+for+Jaguar+Land+Rover+at+the+coronation+festival%2C+celebrating+the+60th+anniversary+of+the+coronation+of+HM+the+Queen&rft.pub=Jaguar+Land+Rover+News&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaguarlandrover.com%2Fgl%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fnews%2F2013%2F07%2F24%2Fstar-role-for-jaguar-land-rover-at-the-coronation-festival-celebrating-the-60th-anniversary-of-the-coronation-of-hm-the-queen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette56182" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/56182/supplement/2">"No. 56182"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). April 2001. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+56182&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2001-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F56182%2Fsupplement%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not counting <a href="/wiki/Freight_Rover" title="Freight Rover">Freight Rovers</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404071835/https://www.carwow.co.uk/land-rover/discovery-sport">"Land Rover Discovery Sport"</a>. Carwow. 4 April 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carwow.co.uk/land-rover/discovery-sport">the original</a> on 4 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+Rover+Discovery+Sport&rft.pub=Carwow&rft.date=2016-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carwow.co.uk%2Fland-rover%2Fdiscovery-sport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g: Series I, Series II, Series IIA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dt_20080328-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dt_20080328_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackett2008" class="citation news cs1">Hackett, Kevin (28 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/2751397/Land-Rover-The-sands-of-time.html">"Land Rover: The sands of time"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328143157/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/2751397/Land-Rover-The-sands-of-time.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Land+Rover%3A+The+sands+of+time&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fmotoring%2F2751397%2FLand-Rover-The-sands-of-time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobson1981" class="citation book cs1">Robson, Graham (1981). <i>The Rover Story</i>. Stephens. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85059-543-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85059-543-7"><bdi>978-0-85059-543-7</bdi></a>. <q>The first Land-Rover owed a lot to the Jeep. Designer Gordon Bashford, who laid out the basic concept, makes no secret of that. It was also his job to go off to an ex-WD surplus vehicle dump in the Cotswolds, buy a couple of roadworthy Jeeps...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rover+Story&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Stephens&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-85059-543-7&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman2009" class="citation book cs1">Chapman, Giles (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5qVKiNkvAcC&q=First+Land+Rover+built+on+a+Jeep+chassis&pg=PA111"><i>Illustrated Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Automobiles</i></a>. DK Publishing. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780756649807" title="Special:BookSources/9780756649807"><bdi>9780756649807</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222053123/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5qVKiNkvAcC&q=First+Land+Rover+built+on+a+Jeep+chassis&pg=PA111#v=snippet&q=First%20Land%20Rover%20built%20on%20a%20Jeep%20chassis&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Extraordinary+Automobiles&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780756649807&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY5qVKiNkvAcC%26q%3DFirst%2BLand%2BRover%2Bbuilt%2Bon%2Ba%2BJeep%2Bchassis%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whichcar.com.au/reviews/land-rover-history">"Land Rover History – WhichCar.com"</a>. 27 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808120715/https://www.whichcar.com.au/reviews/land-rover-history">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+Rover+History+%E2%80%93+WhichCar.com&rft.date=2016-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whichcar.com.au%2Freviews%2Fland-rover-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XI18AwAAQBAJ&dq=Land-rover&pg=PT386">James Taylor. <i>Land Rover: 65 Years of the 4 × 4 Workhorse</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528161156/https://books.google.com/books?id=XI18AwAAQBAJ&dq=Land-rover&pg=PT386">Archived</a> 28 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Crowood Press, UK, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847975287" title="Special:BookSources/9781847975287">9781847975287</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landrover.com/explore-land-rover/onelife/heritage/range-rover-history.html">"Range Rover: A History - Featured Articles – Land Rover"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030042131/https://www.landrover.com/explore-land-rover/onelife/heritage/range-rover-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Range+Rover%3A+A+History+-+Featured+Articles+%E2%80%93+Land+Rover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landrover.com%2Fexplore-land-rover%2Fonelife%2Fheritage%2Frange-rover-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-From_Archive.org-6375467-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-From_Archive.org-6375467_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071208072836/http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html">"India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar"</a>. <i>forbes.com</i>. AFX News Limited. 24 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html">the original</a> on 8 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+U.S.+tour%2C+Mr.+Tata+gives+Jaguar+and+Rover+dealers+a+hug%3A+AutoWeek+Magazine&rft.pub=Autoweek.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoweek.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20080630%2FFREE%2F940478590%2F1528%2Fnewsletter01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCJagJobs-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCJagJobs_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8121056.stm">"Jobs warning at Jaguar Land Rover"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140515121456/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8121056.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Jobs+warning+at+Jaguar+Land+Rover&rft.date=2009-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F8121056.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jlrar2010-2011-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jlrar2010-2011_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://b.jcms-api.com/download/9e562e87-04c0-418f-8931-a2b9a27e28e7/20102011annualreport.pdf">"2010/2011 Annual Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010%2F2011+Annual+Report&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Jaguar+Land+Rover+PLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fb.jcms-api.com%2Fdownload%2F9e562e87-04c0-418f-8931-a2b9a27e28e7%2F20102011annualreport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305034339/http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922">"5 for 2 special: Tata acquires 3 other British marques in Jaguar, Land Rover deal"</a>. Leftlane News. 28 March 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922">the original</a> on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+for+2+special%3A+Tata+acquires+3+other+British+marques+in+Jaguar%2C+Land+Rover+deal&rft.pub=Leftlane+News&rft.date=2008-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leftlanenews.com%2F5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html%23more-6922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jlrar2012-2013-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jlrar2012-2013_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://b.jcms-api.com/download/f34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553/jaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf">"Annual Report 2012/2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC. p. 91. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070639/https://b.jcms-api.com/download/f34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553/jaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2012%2F2013&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Jaguar+Land+Rover+Automotive+PLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fb.jcms-api.com%2Fdownload%2Ff34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553%2Fjaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobson1986" class="citation book cs1">Robson, Graham (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=On9TAAAAMAAJ&q=1947+Land+Rover+prototype+used+Jeep+chassis+and+other+components"><i>The Range Rover/Land-Rover</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1978+Range+Rover+2-Door&rft.pub=bringatrailer.com&rft.date=2010-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbringatrailer.com%2F2010%2F12%2F29%2F1978-range-rover-2-door%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/761794.stm">"BMW, Ford seal Land Rover deal"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 24 May 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813155853/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/761794.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BMW%2C+Ford+seal+Land+Rover+deal&rft.date=2000-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F761794.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090531143215/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html">"India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i>. 24 August 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Motor+Show+2014+preview&rft.pub=Auto+Car+India&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autocarindia.com%2Fauto-news%2Fnew-york-motor-show-2014-preview-382204.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson" class="citation web cs1">Hudson, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/news/range-rover-velar-revealed-ahead-geneva-motor-show-debut/">"Range Rover Velar revealed ahead of Geneva motor show debut"</a>. 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Landroverpushchairs.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landroverpushchairs.co.uk/acatalog/index.html">the original</a> on 27 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+Rover+Pushchairs+Online&rft.pub=Landroverpushchairs.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landroverpushchairs.co.uk%2Facatalog%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+Rover" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The Wikibook <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Vehicle_Identification_Numbers_(VIN_codes)" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)">Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)</a></i> has a page on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Vehicle_Identification_Numbers_(VIN_codes)/Land_Rover/VIN_Codes" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Land Rover/VIN Codes">Land Rover VIN codes</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landrover.com">Official website for Jaguar Land Rover's Land Rover marque</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Land_Rover,_vehicle_timeline,_1940s–present" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Land_Rover_vehicles" title="Template talk:Land Rover vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Land_Rover_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Land Rover vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Land_Rover,_vehicle_timeline,_1940s–present" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a>, vehicle timeline, 1940s–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div style="overflow:auto;"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" width="9%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="5" width="7%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">1940s </td> <td colspan="10" width="14%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">1950s </td> <td colspan="10" width="14%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="14%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="14%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="14%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">1990s </td> <td colspan="10" width="14%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">2000s </td> <td colspan="10" width="14%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">2010s </td> <td colspan="5" width="7%" style="background-color:#F0F0F0">2020s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <td width="1%">5</td> <td width="1%">6</td> <td width="1%">7</td> <td width="1%">8</td> <td width="1%">9 </td> <td width="1%">0</td> <td width="1%">1</td> <td width="1%">2</td> <td width="1%">3</td> <td width="1%">4</td> <td width="1%">5</td> <td width="1%">6</td> <td width="1%">7</td> <td width="1%">8</td> <td width="1%">9 </td> <td width="1%">0</td> <td width="1%">1</td> <td width="1%">2</td> <td width="1%">3</td> <td width="1%">4</td> <td width="1%">5</td> <td width="1%">6</td> <td width="1%">7</td> <td width="1%">8</td> <td width="1%">9 </td> <td width="1%">0</td> <td width="1%">1</td> <td width="1%">2</td> <td width="1%">3</td> <td width="1%">4</td> <td width="1%">5</td> <td width="1%">6</td> <td width="1%">7</td> <td width="1%">8</td> <td width="1%">9 </td> <td width="1%">0</td> <td width="1%">1</td> <td width="1%">2</td> <td width="1%">3</td> <td width="1%">4</td> <td width="1%">5</td> <td width="1%">6</td> <td width="1%">7</td> <td width="1%">8</td> <td width="1%">9 </td> <td width="1%">0</td> <td width="1%">1</td> <td width="1%">2</td> <td width="1%">3</td> <td width="1%">4</td> <td width="1%">5</td> <td width="1%">6</td> <td width="1%">7</td> <td width="1%">8</td> <td width="1%">9 </td> <td width="1%">0</td> <td width="1%">1</td> <td width="1%">2</td> <td width="1%">3</td> <td width="1%">4</td> <td width="1%">5</td> <td width="1%">6</td> <td width="1%">7</td> <td width="1%">8</td> <td width="1%">9 </td> <td width="1%">0</td> <td width="1%">1</td> <td width="1%">2</td> <td width="1%">3</td> <td width="1%">4</td> <td width="1%">5</td> <td width="1%">6</td> <td width="1%">7</td> <td width="1%">8</td> <td width="1%">9 </td> <td width="1%">0</td> <td width="1%">1</td> <td width="1%">2</td> <td width="1%">3</td> <td width="1%">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">Off-road vehicle</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_series#Series_I" title="Land Rover series">Series I</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_series#Series_II" title="Land Rover series">Series II</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_series#Series_III" title="Land Rover series">Series III</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_101_Forward_Control" title="Land Rover 101 Forward Control">101 FC</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Ninety & One Ten</a> </td> <td colspan="27" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Defender</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender_(L663)" title="Land Rover Defender (L663)">Defender</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Compact_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact SUV">Subcompact SUV</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque#L538" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque#L551" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Compact_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact SUV">Compact SUV</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander#L314" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander#L359" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander 2</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery_Sport#L550" title="Land Rover Discovery Sport">Discovery Sport</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Velar" title="Range Rover Velar">Range Rover Velar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-size SUV">Mid-size SUV</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery#1" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery I</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery#L318" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery II</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery#3" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery 3</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery#4" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery 4</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery#L462" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="27" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Classic" title="Range Rover Classic">Range Rover Classic</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Sport#L320" title="Range Rover Sport">Range Rover Sport</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Sport#L494" title="Range Rover Sport">Range Rover Sport</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Sport#L461" title="Range Rover Sport">Range Rover Sport</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport utility vehicle">Full-size SUV</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(P38A)" title="Range Rover (P38A)">Range Rover</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L322)" title="Range Rover (L322)">Range Rover</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L405)" title="Range Rover (L405)">Range Rover</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L460)" title="Range Rover (L460)">Range Rover</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jaguar_Land_Rover" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Template:Jaguar Land Rover"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Template talk:Jaguar Land Rover"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jaguar Land Rover"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jaguar_Land_Rover" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Subsidiaries and joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_Motors" title="Bowler Motors">Bowler Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Slovakia" title="Jaguar Land Rover Slovakia">Jaguar Land Rover Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chery_Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Chery Jaguar Land Rover">Chery Jaguar Land Rover</a> (joint venture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Motor_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler Motor Company">Daimler Motor Company</a> (inactive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester Motor Company</a> (inactive)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Marques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freelander" class="mw-redirect" title="Freelander">Freelander</a> (Licensed to <a href="/wiki/Chery_Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Chery Jaguar Land Rover">Chery Jaguar Land Rover</a> joint venture)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> (inactive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a> (inactive)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Facilities and places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browns_Lane_plant" title="Browns Lane plant">Browns Lane plant</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Assembly" title="Castle Bromwich Assembly">Castle Bromwich Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Gaydon_Centre" title="Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre">Gaydon Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Halewood" title="Jaguar Land Rover Halewood">Jaguar Land Rover Halewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_plant" title="Solihull plant">Solihull plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_plant" title="Whitley plant">Whitley plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Engine_Manufacturing_Centre" title="Jaguar Land Rover Engine Manufacturing Centre">Engine Manufacturing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitra_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitra plant">Nitra plant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Current Jaguar models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_E-Pace" title="Jaguar E-Pace">E-Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_F-Pace" title="Jaguar F-Pace">F-Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_I-Pace" title="Jaguar I-Pace">I-Pace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Historic Jaguar models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_420_and_Daimler_Sovereign_(1966%E2%80%931969)" title="Jaguar 420 and Daimler Sovereign (1966–1969)">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_C-Type" title="Jaguar C-Type">C-Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_D-Type" title="Jaguar D-Type">D-Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_E-Type" title="Jaguar E-Type">E-Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_F-Type" title="Jaguar F-Type">F-Type</a>* <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Mark_1" title="Jaguar Mark 1">Mark 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Mark_2" title="Jaguar Mark 2">Mark 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Mark_IV" title="Jaguar Mark IV">Mark IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Mark_V" title="Jaguar Mark V">Mark V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Mark_VII" title="Jaguar Mark VII">Mark VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Mark_VIII" title="Jaguar Mark VIII">Mark VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Mark_IX" title="Jaguar Mark IX">Mark IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Mark_X" title="Jaguar Mark X">Mark X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_S-Type_(1963)" title="Jaguar S-Type (1963)">S-Type (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_S-Type_(1999)" title="Jaguar S-Type (1999)">S-Type (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_X-Type" title="Jaguar X-Type">X-Type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XJ" title="Jaguar XJ">XJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XK" title="Jaguar XK">XK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XE" title="Jaguar XE">XE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XF_(X260)" title="Jaguar XF (X260)">XF</a>* <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XK120" title="Jaguar XK120">XK120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XK140" title="Jaguar XK140">XK140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XK150" title="Jaguar XK150">XK150</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Current Land Rover models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender_(L663)" title="Land Rover Defender (L663)">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery" title="Land Rover Discovery">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Discovery_Sport" title="Land Rover Discovery Sport">Discovery Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_(L460)" title="Range Rover (L460)">Range Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Evoque" title="Range Rover Evoque">Range Rover Evoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Sport" title="Range Rover Sport">Range Rover Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Velar" title="Range Rover Velar">Range Rover Velar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Historic Land Rover models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_101_Forward_Control" title="Land Rover 101 Forward Control">101 Forward Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Rover_Classic" title="Range Rover Classic">Range Rover Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_series#Series_I" title="Land Rover series">Series I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_series#Series_II" title="Land Rover series">Series II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_series#Series_III" title="Land Rover series">Series III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Freelander" title="Land Rover Freelander">Freelander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Daimler_vehicles" title="Category:Daimler vehicles">Daimler vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jaguar_vehicles" title="Category:Jaguar vehicles">Jaguar vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Land_Rover_vehicles" title="Category:Land Rover vehicles">Land Rover vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_R_and_SVR_models" title="Jaguar R and SVR models">Jaguar R and SVR models</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Category:Jaguar Land Rover">Category: Jaguar Land Rover</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Tata_Motors" title="Category:Tata Motors">Category: Tata Motors</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#ccccff"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tata_Motors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tata_Motors" title="Template:Tata Motors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tata_Motors" title="Template talk:Tata Motors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tata_Motors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tata Motors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tata_Motors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Group</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: ;">Subsidiaries & divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Daewoo" title="Tata Daewoo">Tata Daewoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Hispano" title="Tata Hispano">Tata Hispano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors_Cars" title="Tata Motors Cars">Tata Motors Cars</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tata_Motors_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tata_Motors_Logo.svg/120px-Tata_Motors_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tata_Motors_Logo.svg/180px-Tata_Motors_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tata_Motors_Logo.svg/240px-Tata_Motors_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="151" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: ;">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCA_India_Automobiles" title="FCA India Automobiles">FCA India Automobiles</a> <small>(50%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Marcopolo" title="Tata Marcopolo">Tata Marcopolo</a> <small>(51%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Hitachi_Construction_Machinery" title="Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery">Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery</a> <small>(40%)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: ;">Chairmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J.R.D._Tata" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.D. Tata">J.R.D. Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratan_Tata" title="Ratan Tata">Ratan Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Pallonji_Mistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Pallonji Mistry">Cyrus Mistry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: ;">Facilities and places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pune Plant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanand_Plant_(Tata_Motors)" title="Sanand Plant (Tata Motors)">Sanand Plant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: ;">Current Tata Motors<br /> marque models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color:">Cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Altroz" title="Tata Altroz">Altroz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Tiago" title="Tata Tiago">Tiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Tigor" title="Tata Tigor">Tigor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color:">Crossovers/SUVs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Curvv" title="Tata Curvv">Curvv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Harrier" title="Tata Harrier">Harrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Nexon" title="Tata Nexon">Nexon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Punch" title="Tata Punch">Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Safari" title="Tata Safari">Safari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color:">Pickup trucks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Ace" title="Tata Ace">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Ace_Zip" title="Tata Ace Zip">Ace Zip</a></li> <li>Intra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Super_Ace" title="Tata Super Ace">Super Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Telcoline" title="Tata Telcoline">Xenon/Yodha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color:">Vans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Magic" title="Tata Magic">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Magic_Iris" title="Tata Magic Iris">Magic Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Winger" title="Tata Winger">Winger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color:">Commercial trucks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_407" title="Tata 407">407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Novus" title="Tata Novus">Novus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Prima" title="Tata Prima">Prima</a></li> <li>Signa</li> <li>Ultra</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color:">Buses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Globus" title="Tata Globus">Globus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Marcopolo" title="Tata Marcopolo">Marcopolo Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Starbus" title="Tata Starbus">Starbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: ;">Historic and <br />discontinued models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Aria" title="Tata Aria">Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Bolt" title="Tata Bolt">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Estate" title="Tata Estate">Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Hexa" title="Tata Hexa">Hexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Indica" title="Tata Indica">Indica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Vista" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Vista">Vista</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Indigo" title="Tata Indigo">Indigo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Manza" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Manza">Manza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Nano" title="Tata Nano">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Sierra" title="Tata Sierra">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Sumo" title="Tata Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Sumo_Grande" title="Tata Sumo Grande">Sumo Grande/Movus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Venture" title="Tata Venture">Venture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Zest" title="Tata Zest">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: ;">Concept models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Aria#Tata_Aria_concept_cars" title="Tata Aria">Aria Coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Cliffrider" title="Tata Cliffrider">Cliffrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Elegante" title="Tata Elegante">Elegante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Indica#Indica_Silhouette_concept_car" title="Tata Indica">Indica Silhouette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_OneCAT" title="Tata OneCAT">OneCAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Pixel" title="Tata Pixel">Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Xover" title="Tata Xover">Xover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TaMo_Racemo" class="mw-redirect" title="TaMo Racemo">Racemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Avinya" title="Tata Avinya">Avinya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: ;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T1_Prima_Truck_Racing_Championship" title="T1 Prima Truck Racing Championship">T1 Prima Truck Racing Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tata_Motors" title="Category:Tata Motors">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tata_Motors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tata Motors">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="18px_Tata_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tata_Group" title="Template:Tata Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tata_Group" title="Template talk:Tata Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tata_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tata Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18px_Tata_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tata_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tata_logo.svg/18px-Tata_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tata_logo.svg/27px-Tata_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tata_logo.svg/36px-Tata_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="414" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tata_Group" title="Tata Group">Tata Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_entities_associated_with_Tata_Group" title="List of entities associated with Tata Group">Divisions and<br />subsidiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information technology<br />& engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services" title="Tata Consultancy Services">Tata Consultancy Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Elxsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Elxsi">Tata Elxsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Research_Development_and_Design_Centre" title="Tata Research Development and Design Centre">Tata Research Development and Design Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Technologies" title="Tata Technologies">Tata Technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airlines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_India_Limited" title="Air India Limited">Air India Limited</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_India_Express" title="Air India Express">Air India Express</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIX_Connect" title="AIX Connect">AIX Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistara" title="Vistara">Vistara</a> (51%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel" title="Tata Steel">Tata Steel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel_Europe" title="Tata Steel Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel_Netherlands" title="Tata Steel Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Automotive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors_Cars" title="Tata Motors Cars">Tata Motors Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chery_Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Chery Jaguar Land Rover">Chery JLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Daewoo" title="Tata Daewoo">Tata Daewoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Hispano" title="Tata Hispano">Tata Hispano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Hitachi_Construction_Machinery" title="Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery">Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumer <br />& retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Consumer_Products" title="Tata Consumer Products">Tata Consumer <br />Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight_O%27Clock_Coffee" title="Eight O'Clock Coffee">Eight O'Clock Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Earth_Tea" title="Good Earth Tea">Good Earth Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanan_Devan_Hills_Plantations_Company" title="Kanan Devan Hills Plantations Company">Kanan Devan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Salt" title="Tata Salt">Tata Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetley" title="Tetley">Tetley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Chemicals" title="Tata Chemicals">Tata Chemicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Chemicals_Europe" title="Tata Chemicals Europe">Tata Chemicals Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Salt" title="British Salt">British Salt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadi_Soda_Company" title="Magadi Soda Company">Tata Chemicals Magadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Swach" title="Tata Swach">Tata Swach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trent_(Westside)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trent (Westside)">Trent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_Bookstores" title="Landmark Bookstores">Landmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_(Westside)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trent (Westside)">Westside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titan_Company" title="Titan Company">Titan Company</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">brands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanishq" title="Tanishq">Tanishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastrack_(fashion_accessories)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fastrack (fashion accessories)">Fastrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CaratLane" title="CaratLane">CaratLane</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Digital">Tata Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Crom%C4%81" title="Cromā">Cromā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BigBasket" title="BigBasket">BigBasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_1mg" title="Tata 1mg">Tata 1mg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_CLiQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata CLiQ">Tata CLiQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Neu" title="Tata Neu">Tata Neu</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Voltas" title="Voltas">Voltas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voltas_Beko" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltas Beko">Voltas Beko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Power" title="Tata Power">Tata Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mundra_Ultra_Mega_Power_Plant" title="Mundra Ultra Mega Power Plant">Mundra UMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithon_Power_Plant" title="Maithon Power Plant">Maithon Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Power_Delhi_Distribution_Limited" title="Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited">Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TP_Central_Odisha_Distribution_Limited" title="TP Central Odisha Distribution Limited">TP Central Odisha Distribution Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Electricity_Supply_Company_of_Odisha" title="Western Electricity Supply Company of Odisha">TP Western Odisha Distribution Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Electricity_Supply_Company_of_Odisha" title="North Eastern Electricity Supply Company of Odisha">North Eastern Electricity Supply Company of Odisha</a> (51%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Power_Solar" title="Tata Power Solar">Tata Power Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Power_SED" title="Tata Power SED">Tata Power SED</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Housing_Development_Company" title="Tata Housing Development Company">Tata Housing Development Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Projects" title="Tata Projects">Tata Projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial servcies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Capital" title="Tata Capital">Tata Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TATA_AIG" title="TATA AIG">TATA AIG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aerospace & defence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Advanced_Systems" title="Tata Advanced Systems">Tata Advanced Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Power_SED" title="Tata Power SED">Tata Power SED</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourism & travel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Hotels_Company_Limited" title="Indian Hotels Company Limited">Indian Hotels Company Limited</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Hotels" title="Ginger Hotels">Ginger Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Hotels" title="Taj Hotels">Taj Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TajAir" title="TajAir">TajAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivanta" title="Vivanta">Vivanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pierre" title="The Pierre">The Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Newbury_Boston" title="The Newbury Boston">The Newbury Boston</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Telecom & media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Communications" title="Tata Communications">Tata Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DishnetDSL" title="DishnetDSL">DishnetDSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSNL_International_Canada" title="VSNL International Canada">VSNL International Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Business_Support_Services" title="Tata Business Support Services">Tata Business Support Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Teleservices" title="Tata Teleservices">Tata Teleservices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Play" title="Tata Play">Tata Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejas_Networks" title="Tejas Networks">Tejas Networks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading & investments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Investment_Corp" title="Tata Investment Corp">Tata Investment Corp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tata_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tata_logo.svg/120px-Tata_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tata_logo.svg/180px-Tata_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tata_logo.svg/240px-Tata_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TATA_AIG" title="TATA AIG">TATA AIG</a> (74%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Hitachi_Construction_Machinery" title="Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery">Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery</a> (40%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Starbucks" title="Tata Starbucks">Tata Starbucks</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistara" title="Vistara">Vistara</a> (51%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;">Former <br />holdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="CMC (company)">CMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favre-Leuba" title="Favre-Leuba">Favre-Leuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_India_Assurance" title="New India Assurance">New India Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaggio_Aerospace" title="Piaggio Aerospace">Piaggio Aerospace</a> (33.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Coffee" title="Tata Coffee">Tata Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Interactive_Systems" title="Tata Interactive Systems">Tata Interactive Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Docomo" title="Tata Docomo">Tata Docomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata McGraw-Hill">Tata McGraw-Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Oil_Mills_Company" title="Tata Oil Mills Company">Tata Oil Mills Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakm%C3%A9_Cosmetics" title="Lakmé Cosmetics">Lakmé Cosmetics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel_BSL" title="Tata Steel BSL">Tata Steel BSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Textiles" title="Tata Textiles">Tata Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayo_Rolls" title="Tayo Rolls">Tayo Rolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JRD_Tata_Sports_Complex" title="JRD Tata Sports Complex">JRD Tata Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Football_Academy" title="Tata Football Academy">Tata Football Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telco_Club_Ground" title="Telco Club Ground">Telco Club Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur_FC" title="Jamshedpur FC">Jamshedpur FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel_Chess_Tournament" title="Tata Steel Chess Tournament">Tata Steel Chess Tournament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">TIFR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">TIFR, Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Radio_Astrophysics" title="National Centre for Radio Astrophysics">NCRA - TIFR, Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research_Hyderabad" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad">TIFR, Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFR_Centre_for_Applicable_Mathematics" title="TIFR Centre for Applicable Mathematics">CAM Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Bhabha_Centre_for_Science_Education" title="Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education">HBCSE Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Biological_Sciences" title="National Centre for Biological Sciences">NCBS Bangalore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Bhabha_National_Institute" title="Homi Bhabha National Institute">Homi Bhabha National Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Energy_and_Resources_Institute" title="The Energy and Resources Institute">The Energy and Resources Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TERI_School_of_Advanced_Studies" title="TERI School of Advanced Studies">TERI School of Advanced Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Social_Sciences" title="Tata Institute of Social Sciences">Tata Institute of Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Management_Training_Centre" title="Tata Management Training Centre">Tata Management Training Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Theatre" title="Tata Theatre">Tata Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata-Dhan_Academy" title="Tata-Dhan Academy">Tata-Dhan Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Bhabha_Cancer_Hospital_and_Research_Centre,_Visakhapatnam" title="Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam">Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Memorial_Centre" title="Tata Memorial Centre">Tata Memorial Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Medical_Center" title="Tata Medical Center">Tata Medical Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;">Trusts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Dorabji_Tata_and_Allied_Trusts" title="Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts">Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Ratan_Tata_Trust" title="Sir Ratan Tata Trust">Sir Ratan Tata Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Tata_Memorial_Trust" title="Lady Tata Memorial Trust">Lady Tata Memorial Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Group <br />chairmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamsetji_Tata" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamsetji Tata">Jamsetji Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorabji_Tata" title="Dorabji Tata">Dorabji Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowroji_Saklatwala" title="Nowroji Saklatwala">Nowroji Saklatwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._D._Tata" title="J. R. D. Tata">J. R. D. Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratan_Tata" title="Ratan Tata">Ratan Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Mistry" title="Cyrus Mistry">Cyrus Mistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natarajan_Chandrasekaran" title="Natarajan Chandrasekaran">Natarajan Chandrasekaran</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of <br />Tata Sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natarajan_Chandrasekaran" title="Natarajan Chandrasekaran">Natarajan Chandrasekaran</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venu_Srinivasan" title="Venu Srinivasan">Venu Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Piramal" title="Ajay Piramal">Ajay Piramal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralf_Speth" title="Ralf Speth">Ralf Speth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Manwani" title="Harish Manwani">Harish Manwani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Group <br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Tata" title="Noel Tata">Noel Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Kant" title="Surya Kant">Surya Kant</a> (TCS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniam_Ramadorai" class="mw-redirect" title="Subramaniam Ramadorai">Subramaniam Ramadorai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Narendran" title="T. V. Narendran">T. V. Narendran</a> (Tata Steel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guenter_Butschek" title="Guenter Butschek">Guenter Butschek</a> (Tata Motors)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Bollor%C3%A9" title="Thierry Bolloré">Thierry Bolloré</a> (JLR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tata <br />trusts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratan_Tata" title="Ratan Tata">Ratan Tata</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Krishna_Kumar" title="R. K. Krishna Kumar">R. K. Krishna Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venu_Srinivasan" title="Venu Srinivasan">Venu Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Piramal" title="Ajay Piramal">Ajay Piramal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Singh_(administrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijay Singh (administrator)">Vijay Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramit_Jhaveri" title="Pramit Jhaveri">Pramit Jhaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Desai" title="Prafulla Desai">Prafulla Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammen_Chandy" title="Mammen Chandy">Mammen Chandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tata family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Tata" title="Naval Tata">Naval Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Tata" title="Simone Tata">Simone Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratanji_Dadabhoy_Tata" title="Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata">Ratanji Dadabhoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Mistry" title="Cyrus Mistry">Cyrus Mistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallonji_Mistry" title="Pallonji Mistry">Pallonji Mistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowroji_Saklatwala" title="Nowroji Saklatwala">Nowroji Saklatwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Gopalakrishnan" title="R. Gopalakrishnan">R. Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamshed_Jiji_Irani" title="Jamshed Jiji Irani">Jamshed Jiji Irani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaat_Hussain" title="Ishaat Hussain">Ishaat Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumant_Moolgaokar" title="Sumant Moolgaokar">Sumant Moolgaokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Slym" title="Karl Slym">Karl Slym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeshir_Dalal" title="Ardeshir Dalal">Ardeshir Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russi_Mody" title="Russi Mody">Russi Mody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Muthuraman" title="B. Muthuraman">B. Muthuraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._C._Kohli" title="F. C. Kohli">F. C. Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Gopinathan" title="Rajesh Gopinathan">Rajesh Gopinathan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-size:95%;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_House" title="Bombay House">Bombay House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Oak_Steel_Terminal" title="Round Oak Steel Terminal">Round Oak Steel Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Centre" title="Tata Centre">Tata Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_family" title="Tata family">Tata family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Sons" title="Tata Sons">Tata Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Marathon" title="Amsterdam Marathon">TCS Amsterdam Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Marathon" title="New York City Marathon">TCS NYC Marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Tata_Group" title="Category:Tata Group">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Leyland_–_car_companies_and_marques" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Leyland" title="Template:British Leyland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Leyland" title="Template talk:British Leyland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Leyland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Leyland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Leyland_–_car_companies_and_marques" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British Leyland – car companies and marques</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <th width="10%">Marque </th> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="2">2020s </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Rover_Group" title="Austin Rover Group">Austin Rover Group</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Group" title="Land Rover Group">Land Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BL plc</a>) </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">BAe</a>) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>) </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Heritage" title="British Motor Heritage">British Motor Heritage</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Car_Company" title="Dawson Car Company">Dawson</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </th> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Organization" title="Nuffield Organization">Nuffield Organization</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" title="MG cars">MG</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" title="MG cars">Morris Garages (MG)</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Venture_Holdings" title="Phoenix Venture Holdings">PVH</a>) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Automobile" title="Nanjing Automobile">NAC</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </th> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/SS_Cars_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Cars Ltd">SS Cars</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </th> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">BSA</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">BSA</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </th> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Princess_(car)" title="Princess (car)">Princess</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey" title="Austin-Healey">Austin-Healey</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Donald_Healey" title="Donald Healey">Donald Healey</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <th width="10%">Marque </th> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="2">2020s </th></tr> <tr> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rover" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rover" title="Template:Rover"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rover" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Rover"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rover" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rover"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rover" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Bicycles</a> (1904–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(motorcycles)" title="Rover (motorcycles)">Motorcycles</a> (1904–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Automobiles</a> (1905–2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Owners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> (1904–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motor Corporation</a> (1967–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland Motor Corporation</a> (1968–1975)</li> <li>British Leyland (1975–1978)</li> <li>BL Ltd/plc (1978–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a> (1988–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> (1994–2006)</li> <li>Licence for use by the <a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover Group</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> (2006–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a> (2008–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Automotive industry in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Companies and<br /><a href="/wiki/Marque" class="mw-redirect" title="Marque">marques</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Commercialvehicleproducers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Commercial<br />vehicle<br />producers</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dennis" title="Alexander Dennis">Alexander Dennis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plaxton" title="Plaxton">Plaxton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrival_(company)" title="Arrival (company)">Arrival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEDEO" title="BEDEO">BEDEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Eagle" title="Dennis Eagle">Dennis Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBC_Vehicles" title="IBC Vehicles">IBC Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCB_(heavy_equipment_manufacturer)" title="JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)">JCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Trucks" title="Leyland Trucks">Leyland Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWD_Trucks" title="AWD Trucks">Multidrive Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Electric_Vehicle_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Electric Vehicle Company">London Electric Vehicle Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellor_Coachcraft" title="Mellor Coachcraft">Mellor Coachcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optare" class="mw-redirect" title="Optare">Optare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REE_Automotive" title="REE Automotive">REE Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrightbus" title="Wrightbus">Wrightbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Equipment_Company" title="Associated Equipment Company">AEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Motors" title="Albion Motors">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Chassis_Engineering" title="Alternative Chassis Engineering">Alternative Chassis Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aveling-Barford" title="Aveling-Barford">Aveling-Barford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWD_Trucks" title="AWD Trucks">AWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Vehicles" title="Bedford Vehicles">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Bristol Commercial Vehicles">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_United_Traction" title="British United Traction">British United Traction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Works" title="Carlyle Works">Carlyle Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H_Roe" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H Roe">Charles H Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clough,_Smith" title="Clough, Smith">Clough, Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commer" title="Commer">Commer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Specialist_Vehicles" title="Dennis Specialist Vehicles">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duple_Coachbuilders" title="Duple Coachbuilders">Duple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lancashire_Coachbuilders" title="East Lancashire Coachbuilders">East Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coach_Works" title="Eastern Coach Works">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERF_(truck_manufacturer)" title="ERF (truck manufacturer)">ERF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foden_Trucks" title="Foden Trucks">Foden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Southampton_plant" title="Ford Southampton plant">Southampton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Motors" title="Guy Motors">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_UK_Manufacturing" title="Honda UK Manufacturing">Honda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_%26_E_Hall" title="J & E Hall">Hallford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrier" title="Karrier">Karrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDV_Group" title="LDV Group">LDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Bus" title="Leyland Bus">Leyland Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_DAF" title="Leyland DAF">Leyland DAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Taxi_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Taxi Company">London Taxi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwell_Green_Coachworks" title="Longwell Green Coachworks">Longwell Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Bus" title="Marshall Bus">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudslay_Motor_Company" title="Maudslay Motor Company">Maudslay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Cammell_Weymann" title="Metro Cammell Weymann">Metro Cammell Weymann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modec" title="Modec">Modec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison-Electricar" title="Morrison-Electricar">Morrison-Electricar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Counties_Motor_%26_Engineering_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Counties Motor & Engineering Company">Northern Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Royal_Vehicles" title="Park Royal Vehicles">Park Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeve_Burgess" title="Reeve Burgess">Reeve Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scammell" class="mw-redirect" title="Scammell">Scammell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seddon_Atkinson" title="Seddon Atkinson">Seddon Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_Waggon_Works" title="Sentinel Waggon Works">Sentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelvoke_%26_Drewry" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelvoke & Drewry">Shelvoke & Drewry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Electric_Vehicles" title="Smith Electric Vehicles">Smith EV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_Vehicles" title="Stevens Vehicles">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straker-Squire" title="Straker-Squire">Straker-Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Sunbeam Commercial Vehicles">Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornycroft" title="Thornycroft">Thornycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilling-Stevens" title="Tilling-Stevens">Tilling-Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadham_Stringer" title="Wadham Stringer">Wadham Stringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_%26_Edwards" title="Wales & Edwards">Wales & Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alexander_Coachbuilders" title="Walter Alexander Coachbuilders">Walter Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowbrook_(bus_manufacturer)" title="Willowbrook (bus manufacturer)">Willowbrook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Motorsport in the United Kingdom">Motorsport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Engine_Research" title="Advanced Engine Research">Advanced Engine Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_F1_Team" title="Alpine F1 Team">Alpine F1 Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One" title="Aston Martin in Formula One">AMR GP Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Motorsport" title="Arena Motorsport">Arena Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlin_Motorsport" title="Carlin Motorsport">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Racing_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron Racing Cars">Chevron Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Morrison_(driver)" title="Phil Morrison (driver)">Driftworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_(engine)" title="Judd (engine)">Engine Developments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Ford World Rally Team">Ford World Rally Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortec_Motorsport" title="Fortec Motorsport">Fortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_Technology" title="Gibson Technology">Gibson Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewland" title="Hewland">Hewland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahn_Design" title="Kahn Design">Kahn Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmor" title="Ilmor">Ilmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Cars" title="Lola Cars">Lola Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains" title="Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains">Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes AMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Sport" title="M-Sport">M-Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munchi%27s_Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Munchi's Ford World Rally Team">Munchi's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodrive" title="Prodrive">Prodrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Sportscars" title="Radical Sportscars">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodin_Motorsport" title="Rodin Motorsport">Rodin Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RML_Group" title="RML Group">RML Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Dowson_Engineering" title="Roger Dowson Engineering">Roger Dowson Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumo_Power" title="Sumo Power">Sumo Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Dynamics" title="Team Dynamics">Team Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Eight_Racing" title="Triple Eight Racing">Triple Eight Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen" title="Van Diemen">Van Diemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams Grand Prix Engineering">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirth_Research" title="Wirth Research">Wirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xtrac" class="mw-redirect" title="Xtrac">Xtrac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_manufacturers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom">Passenger car<br />producers</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Motor_Company" title="Ariel Motor Company">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_Crewe" title="Bentley Crewe">Crewe plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_Oxford" title="Plant Oxford">Oxford plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressed_Steel_Company" title="Pressed Steel Company">Swindon plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodwood_plant" title="Goodwood plant">Goodwood plant</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briggs_Automotive_Company" title="Briggs Automotive Company">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brown_Automotive" title="David Brown Automotive">David Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Assembly" title="Castle Bromwich Assembly">Castle Bromwich plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Gaydon_Centre" title="Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon Centre">Gaydon Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover_Halewood" title="Jaguar Land Rover Halewood">Halewood plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solihull_plant" title="Solihull plant">Solihull plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_plant" title="Whitley plant">Whitley Engineering Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Car_Company" title="Lightning Car Company">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Automotive" title="McLaren Automotive">McLaren</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Technology_Centre" title="McLaren Technology Centre">McLaren Technology Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor_UK" title="SAIC Motor UK">SAIC Motor UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MG_Motor" title="MG Motor">MG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDV_Group" title="LDV Group">Eco Concept</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Motor_Manufacturing_UK" title="Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK">Nissan UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Automotive" title="Noble Automotive">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfinch" title="Overfinch">Overfinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Sportscars" title="Radical Sportscars">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyker_Cars" title="Spyker Cars">Spyker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Manufacturing_UK" title="Toyota Manufacturing UK">Toyota UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Ellesmere_Port" title="Vauxhall Ellesmere Port">Ellesmere Port</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenos_Cars" title="Zenos Cars">Zenos</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Kit_car" title="Kit car">Kit cars</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Davrian" title="Davrian">Davrian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/GKD_sports_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="GKD sports cars">GKD</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JBA_Motors" title="JBA Motors">JBA Motors</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marc_Nordon_Racing" title="Marc Nordon Racing">Marc Nordon Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Sports_Cars" title="Onyx Sports Cars">Onyx</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Sports_Cars" title="Quantum Sports Cars">Quantum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sylva_Autokits" title="Sylva Autokits">Sylva</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ultima_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultima Sports">Ultima Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allard_Motor_Company" title="Allard Motor Company">Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascari_Cars" title="Ascari Cars">Ascari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey" title="Austin-Healey">Austin-Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belsize_Motors" title="Belsize Motors">Belsize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabham_Automotive" title="Brabham Automotive">Brabham Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">British Leyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caparo_Vehicle_Technologies" title="Caparo Vehicle Technologies">Caparo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment-Talbot" title="Clément-Talbot">Clément-Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Cars" title="Eagle Cars">Eagle Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Car_Corporation" title="Electric Car Corporation">Electric Car Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenix_Automotive" title="Fenix Automotive">Fenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_Nash" title="Frazer Nash">Frazer Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbern" title="Gilbern">Gilbern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lister_Motor_Company" title="Lister Motor Company">Lister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Engineering" title="Marcos Engineering">Marcos Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Melling" title="Al Melling">Melling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MG_Motor" title="MG Motor">MG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longbridge_plant" title="Longbridge plant">Longbridge plant</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_Engineering_Company" title="Peel Engineering Company">Peel Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryton_plant" title="Ryton plant">Ryton plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam-Talbot" title="Sunbeam-Talbot">Sunbeam-Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_(automobile)" title="Trojan (automobile)">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Suppliers and<br />consultancies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummins_UK" title="Cummins UK">Cummins UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Tyres" title="Dunlop Tyres">Dunlop Tyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GKN" title="GKN">GKN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GKN_Driveline" class="mw-redirect" title="GKN Driveline">GKN Driveline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson_Thermal_Systems" title="Grayson Thermal Systems">Grayson Thermal Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Matthey" title="Johnson Matthey">Johnson Matthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahn_Design" title="Kahn Design">Kahn Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars#Lotus_Engineering" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millbrook_Proving_Ground" title="Millbrook Proving Ground">Millbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Industry_Research_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Industry Research Association">MIRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Engines" title="Perkins Engines">Perkins Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilkington" title="Pilkington">Pilkington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaife" title="Quaife">Quaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo plc">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel_Europe" title="Tata Steel Europe">Tata Steel Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tickford" title="Tickford">Tickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Research_Laboratory" title="Transport Research Laboratory">Transport Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unipart" title="Unipart">Unipart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMG,_University_of_Warwick" title="WMG, University of Warwick">WMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipac" title="Wipac">Wipac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zytek_Automotive" title="Zytek Automotive">Zytek Automotive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Panels" title="Abbey Panels">Abbey Panels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caparo_Vehicle_Technologies" title="Caparo Vehicle Technologies">Caparo Vehicle Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Rubber" title="Dunlop Rubber">Dunlop Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferodo" title="Ferodo">Ferodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_Gardner_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="L Gardner & Sons">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_Spicer" title="Hardy Spicer">Hardy Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Meadows" title="Henry Meadows">Henry Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laycock_Engineering" title="Laycock Engineering">Laycock Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Industries" title="Lucas Industries">Lucas Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LucasVarity" title="LucasVarity">LucasVarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomkins_plc" title="Tomkins plc">Tomkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Poppe" title="White and Poppe">White and Poppe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dealerships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Clark_Automobiles" title="Arnold Clark Automobiles">Arnold Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcraft" title="Carcraft">Carcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Retail_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Retail Group">Ford Retail Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_1_Automotive" title="Group 1 Automotive">Group 1 Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inchcape_plc" title="Inchcape plc">Inchcape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardine_Motors_Group" title="Jardine Motors Group">Jardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCT600" title="JCT600">JCT600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookers" title="Lookers">Lookers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.R._Owen" title="H.R. Owen">H.R. Owen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Barclay_Bentley" title="Jack Barclay Bentley">Jack Barclay Bentley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrys_Motor_Sales" title="Perrys Motor Sales">Perrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSA_Group#United_Kingdom" title="PSA Group">Robins & Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneacre_Motor_Group" title="Stoneacre Motor Group">Stoneacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sytner_Group" title="Sytner Group">Sytner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertu_Motors" title="Vertu Motors">Vertu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATS_Euromaster" title="ATS Euromaster">ATS Euromaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoglass">Autoglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Windscreens" title="Auto Windscreens">Auto Windscreens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Vehicle_Rental_and_Leasing_Association" title="British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association">British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_Automotive_Group" title="Constellation Automotive Group">Constellation Automotive Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Flag" title="Green Flag">Green Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfords_Autocentre" title="Halfords Autocentre">Halfords Autocentre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfords" title="Halfords">Halfords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiQ_(tyres)" title="HiQ (tyres)">HiQ (tyres)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwik_Fit" title="Kwik Fit">Kwik Fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeasePlan" title="LeasePlan">LeasePlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lex_Autolease" title="Lex Autolease">Lex Autolease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millbrook_Proving_Ground" title="Millbrook Proving Ground">Millbrook Proving Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tyres_and_Autocare" title="National Tyres and Autocare">National Tyres and Autocare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Technologies" title="Pinewood Technologies">Pinewood Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAC_Limited" title="RAC Limited">RAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_AA" title="The AA">The AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Buy_Any_Car" title="We Buy Any Car">We Buy Any Car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_Council_UK" title="Automotive Council UK">Automotive Council UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driver_%26_Vehicle_Licensing_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency">Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_Standards_Agency" title="Driving Standards Agency">Driving Standards Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Certification_Agency" title="Vehicle Certification Agency">Vehicle Certification Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_%26_Operator_Services_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle & Operator Services Agency">Vehicle & Operator Services Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group#Other_publications" title="Bauer Media Group">AM Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autocar_(magazine)" title="Autocar (magazine)">Autocar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autosport" title="Autosport">Autosport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auto_Trader_Group" title="Auto Trader Group">Auto Trader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auto_Express" title="Auto Express">Auto Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buses_(magazine)" title="Buses (magazine)">Buses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Car_(magazine)" title="Car (magazine)">Car</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_%26_Sports_Car" title="Classic & Sports Car">Classic & Sports Car</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coach_%26_Bus_Week" title="Coach & Bus Week">Coach & Bus Week</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Motor" title="Commercial Motor">Commercial Motor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evo_(magazine)" title="Evo (magazine)">Evo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Car_(magazine)" title="Fast Car (magazine)">Fast Car</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Gear" title="Fifth Gear">Fifth Gear</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Advanced_Motorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Advanced Motorists">Institute of Advanced Motorists</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motor_Sport_(magazine)" title="Motor Sport (magazine)">Motor Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Octane_(magazine)" title="Octane (magazine)">Octane</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Accidents" title="Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents">Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motor_Manufacturers_and_Traders" title="Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders">Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(magazine)" title="Top Gear (magazine)">Top Gear (magazine)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(2002_TV_series)" title="Top Gear (2002 TV series)">Top Gear (TV series)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Car%3F" title="What Car?">What Car?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_car_industry" title="Template:British car industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_car_industry" title="Template talk:British car industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_car_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British car industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_car_industry_–_companies_and_marques" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">British car industry</a> – companies and marques</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <th width="10%" rowspan="2">Marque </th> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="3">2020s </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:lavender"> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vickers_plc" title="Vickers plc">Vickers</a>) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> & <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">VW Group</a> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a> </th> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Siddeley-Deasy</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth" title="Armstrong Whitworth">Armstrong Whitworth</a> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Siddeley" title="Bristol Siddeley">Bristol Siddeley</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> </td> <td colspan="27" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armstrong_Siddeley_Owners_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club (page does not exist)">Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin Lagonda</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin Lagonda</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Rover_Group" title="Austin Rover Group">Austin Rover Group</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Group" title="Land Rover Group">Land Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BL plc</a>) </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">BAe</a>) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>) </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Heritage" title="British Motor Heritage">British Motor Heritage</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Car_Company" title="Dawson Car Company">Dawson</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </th> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Organization" title="Nuffield Organization">Nuffield Organization</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" title="MG cars">MG</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" title="MG cars">Morris Garages (MG)</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Venture_Holdings" title="Phoenix Venture Holdings">PVH</a>) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Automobile" title="Nanjing Automobile">NAC</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </th> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/SS_Cars_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Cars Ltd">SS Cars</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </th> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">BSA</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company">BSA</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </th> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Princess_(car)" title="Princess (car)">Princess</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey" title="Austin-Healey">Austin-Healey</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Donald_Healey" title="Donald Healey">Donald Healey</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Britcar Holdings</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen Cars</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </td> <td colspan="15" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/AC_Cars" title="AC Cars">AC</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="61" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/AC_Cars" title="AC Cars">AC Cars</a> (several ownership & company name changes) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </th> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol Cars</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="41" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol Cars</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="26" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="35" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Gordon-Keeble" title="Gordon-Keeble">Gordon-Keeble</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Peerless_(UK_car)" title="Peerless (UK car)">Peerless & Warwick</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Gordon-Keeble" title="Gordon-Keeble">Gordon-Keeble</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="25" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Aircraft" title="Blackburn Aircraft">Blackburn</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lea-Francis" title="Lea-Francis">Lea-Francis</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="31" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lea-Francis" title="Lea-Francis">Lea-Francis</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">General Motors Europe</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Proton_(carmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (carmaker)">Proton</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Automotive" title="McLaren Automotive">McLaren</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Group" title="McLaren Group">McLaren</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a> </th> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="59" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/D._Napier_%26_Son" title="D. Napier & Son">Napier</a> </th> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/D._Napier_%26_Son" title="D. Napier & Son">Napier</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Turner_Sports_Cars" title="Turner Sports Cars">Turner</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Turner_Sports_Cars" title="Turner Sports Cars">Turner</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="40" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenza_Sports_Cars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potenza Sports Cars (page does not exist)">Potenza Sports Cars</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="32" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">General Motors Europe</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> (<a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA</a>) </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Hillman" title="Hillman">Hillman</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hillman" title="Hillman">Hillman</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </td> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Europe" title="Chrysler Europe">Chrysler Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>) </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> (<a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </th> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a> </th> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Darracq_and_Company_London#S.T.D._Motors" title="Darracq and Company London">S.T.D. Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam-Talbot" title="Sunbeam-Talbot">Sunbeam-Talbot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a>) </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Talbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (automobile)">Talbot</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Talbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (automobile)">Talbot</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Singer_Motors" title="Singer Motors">Singer</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="26" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Singer_Motors" title="Singer Motors">Singer</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lavender"> <th rowspan="2">Marque </th> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="3">2020s </th></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Selected_royal_warrant_holders_of_the_British_royal_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Template:British royal warrant holders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Template talk:British royal warrant holders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British royal warrant holders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Selected_royal_warrant_holders_of_the_British_royal_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_warrant_of_appointment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom)">Selected royal warrant holders of the British royal family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">By Appointment to <br /> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>...</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.0em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_variant_2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of His Majesty the King"><img alt="Coat of arms of His Majesty the King" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="479" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of His Majesty the King in Scotland"><img alt="Coat of arms of His Majesty the King in Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg/55px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg/83px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Badge of His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales"><img alt="Badge of His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/55px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/83px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/110px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">By Appointment to <br /> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrex" title="Andrex">Andrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abels_Moving_Services" title="Abels Moving Services">Abels Moving Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainsworths" title="Ainsworths">Ainsworths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atora" title="Atora">Atora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Angostura" title="House of Angostura">Angostura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AkzoNobel" title="AkzoNobel">AkzoNobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoglym" title="Autoglym">Autoglym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axminster_Carpets" title="Axminster Carpets">Axminster Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbour_(company)" title="Barbour (company)">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendicks" title="Bendicks">Bendicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollinger" title="Bollinger">Bollinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasso" title="Brasso">Brasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britvic" title="Britvic">Britvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burberry" title="Burberry">Burberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadbury" title="Cadbury">Cadbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carphone_Warehouse" title="Carphone Warehouse">Carphone Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrol" title="Castrol">Castrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charbonnel_et_Walker" title="Charbonnel et Walker">Charbonnel et Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colman%27s" title="Colman's">Colman's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_Crest" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy Crest">Dairy Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAKS" title="DAKS">DAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dettol" title="Dettol">Dettol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHL" title="DHL">DHL Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunelm_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunelm Mill">Dorma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Arden,_Inc." title="Elizabeth Arden, Inc.">Elizabeth Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft" title="Ede & Ravenscroft">Ede & Ravenscroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason" title="Fortnum & Mason">Fortnum & Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwartz_(brand)" title="Schwartz (brand)">Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smythson" title="Smythson">Frank Smythson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc" title="GSK plc">GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes" title="Gieves & Hawkes">Gieves & Hawkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_Brothers" title="Hardy Brothers">Hardy Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Bulmer" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Bulmer">HP Bulmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz" title="Heinz">Heinz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Poole_%26_Co" title="Henry Poole & Co">Henry Poole & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Purdey_%26_Sons" title="James Purdey & Sons">James Purdey & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_%26_Partners" title="John Lewis & Partners">John Lewis & Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker" title="John Lobb Bootmaker">John Lobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s" title="Kellogg's">Kellogg's</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Roederer" title="Louis Roederer">Louis Roederer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mappin_%26_Webb" title="Mappin & Webb">Mappin & Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martini_%26_Rossi" title="Martini & Rossi">Martini & Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McIlhenny_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="McIlhenny Company">McIlhenny Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McVitie%27s" title="McVitie's">McVitie's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minky" title="Minky">Minky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molton_Brown" title="Molton Brown">Molton Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%ABt_%26_Chandon" title="Moët & Chandon">Moët & Chandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Pen_Company" title="Parker Pen Company">Parker Pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persil" title="Persil">Persil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richer_Sounds" title="Richer Sounds">Richer Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Radio" title="Roberts Radio">Roberts Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertson%27s" title="Robertson's">Robertson's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinsons_(drink)" title="Robinsons (drink)">Robinsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryvita" title="Ryvita">Ryvita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweppes" title="Schweppes">Schweppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sugar" title="British Sugar">Silverspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spode" title="Spode">Spode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinway_%26_Sons" title="Steinway & Sons">Steinway & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanqueray" title="Tanqueray">Tanqueray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_%26_Lyle" title="Tate & Lyle">Tate & Lyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinings" title="Twinings">Twinings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Biscuits" title="United Biscuits">United Biscuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veuve_Clicquot" title="Veuve Clicquot">Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitrose" title="Waitrose">Waitrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weetabix_Limited" title="Weetabix Limited">Weetabix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkin_%26_Sons" title="Wilkin & Sons">Wilkin & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Drake_(organ_builder)" title="William Drake (organ builder)">William Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolsey_(clothing)" title="Wolsey (clothing)">Wolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_Medal_Service" title="Worcestershire Medal Service">Worcestershire Medal Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">By Appointment to <br /> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III of the United Kingdom">Prince Charles</a><br /><i>(Prior to becoming king in 2022)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainsworths" title="Ainsworths">Ainsworths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savile_Row_tailoring" title="Savile Row tailoring">Anderson and Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoglym" title="Autoglym">Autoglym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbour_(company)" title="Barbour (company)">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burberry" title="Burberry">Burberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabtree_%26_Evelyn" title="Crabtree & Evelyn">Crabtree & Evelyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAKS" title="DAKS">DAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft" title="Ede & Ravenscroft">Ede & Ravenscroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smythson" title="Smythson">Frank Smythson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes" title="Gieves & Hawkes">Gieves & Hawkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_%26_Holland" title="Holland & Holland">Holland & Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Purdey_%26_Sons" title="James Purdey & Sons">James Purdey & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker" title="John Lobb Bootmaker">John Lobb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laphroaig_distillery" title="Laphroaig distillery">Laphroaig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Products" title="Linn Products">Linn Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minky" title="Minky">Minky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Pen_Company" title="Parker Pen Company">Parker Pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penhaligon%27s" title="Penhaligon's">Penhaligon's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jones_(department_store)" title="Peter Jones (department store)">Peter Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ritz_London_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ritz London Hotel">Ritz Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Radio" title="Roberts Radio">Roberts Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_Neame_Brewery" title="Shepherd Neame Brewery">Shepherd Neame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylors_of_Harrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylors of Harrogate">Taylors of Harrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnbull_%26_Asser" title="Turnbull & Asser">Turnbull & Asser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitrose" title="Waitrose">Waitrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weetabix_Limited" title="Weetabix Limited">Weetabix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winsor_%26_Newton" title="Winsor & Newton">Winsor & Newton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">By Appointment to <br /> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">HRH The Duke of Edinburgh</a><br /><i>(Deceased April 2021)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbour_(company)" title="Barbour (company)">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boots_Opticians" title="Boots Opticians">Boots Opticians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAKS" title="DAKS">DAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft" title="Ede & Ravenscroft">Ede & Ravenscroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smythson" title="Smythson">Frank Smythson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes" title="Gieves & Hawkes">Gieves & Hawkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_%26_Holland" title="Holland & Holland">Holland & Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Purdey_%26_Sons" title="James Purdey & Sons">James Purdey & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker" title="John Lobb Bootmaker">John Lobb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_%26_Scott" title="Lyle & Scott">Lyle & Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penhaligon%27s" title="Penhaligon's">Penhaligon's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truefitt_%26_Hill" title="Truefitt & Hill">Truefitt & Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_royal_warrant_holders" title="Category:British royal warrant holders">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ford_Motor_Company" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ford_Motor_Company" title="Template:Ford Motor Company"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ford_Motor_Company" title="Template talk:Ford Motor Company"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ford_Motor_Company" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ford Motor Company"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ford_Motor_Company" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions/<br />marques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_vehicles" title="List of Ford vehicles">Ford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Raptor" title="Ford Raptor">Raptor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Motor_Company" title="Lincoln Motor Company">Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:em">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Comet" title="Mercury Comet">Comet</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960–61)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Mark_II" title="Continental Mark II">Continental</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956–59)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsel" title="Edsel">Edsel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956–59)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordson" title="Fordson">Fordson</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1917–64)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontenac_(marque)" title="Frontenac (marque)">Frontenac</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(automobile)" title="Mercury (automobile)">Mercury</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkur" title="Merkur">Merkur</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1985–89)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(automobile)" title="Meteor (automobile)">Meteor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1949–76)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch_(marque)" title="Monarch (marque)">Monarch</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946–61)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_(commercial_vehicles)" title="Thames (commercial vehicles)">Thames</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–65)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_logo_flat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/75px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/113px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/150px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_Components_Holdings" title="Automotive Components Holdings">Automotive Components Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changan_Ford" title="Changan Ford">Changan Ford (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Australia" title="Ford Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Argentina" title="Ford Motor Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Brasil" title="Ford Brasil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_of_Canada" title="Ford Motor Company of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Credit" title="Ford Credit">Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Europe" title="Ford of Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_SAF" title="Ford SAF">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Germany" title="Ford Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_%26_Son_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Ford & Son Ltd">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Italia" title="Ford Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Romania" title="Ford Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_New_Zealand" title="Ford New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_Philippines" title="Ford Motor Company Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Lane" title="Quick Lane">Quick Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_of_Southern_Africa" title="Ford Motor Company of Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariot_(company)" title="Chariot (company)">Chariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Aerospace" title="Ford Aerospace">Ford Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Performance_Vehicles" title="Ford Performance Vehicles">FPV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_India" title="Ford India">Ford India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_of_Japan" title="Ford Motor Company of Japan">Ford Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertz_Global_Holdings" title="Hertz Global Holdings">Hertz Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler Company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwik_Fit" title="Kwik Fit">Kwik-Fit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Holland_Agriculture" title="New Holland Agriculture">New Holland Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">Premier Automotive Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Vehicle_Operations" title="Special Vehicle Operations">Special Vehicle Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Vehicle_Team" title="Special Vehicle Team">Special Vehicle Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(company)" title="Spin (company)">Spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Global" title="Think Global">Th!nk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troller_Ve%C3%ADculos_Especiais" title="Troller Veículos Especiais">Troller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Cars" title="Volvo Cars">Volvo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures and<br />shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Rock_Assembly_Plant" title="Flat Rock Assembly Plant">AutoAlliance International</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(50%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoAlliance_Thailand" title="AutoAlliance Thailand">AutoAlliance Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changan_Ford" title="Changan Ford">Changan Ford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(50%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Lio_Ho_Motor" title="Ford Lio Ho Motor">Ford Lio Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Otosan" title="Ford Otosan">Ford Otosan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(41%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Vietnam" title="Ford Vietnam">Ford Vietnam</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(60%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangling_Motors" title="Jiangling Motors">Jiangling Motors</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(32%)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argo_AI" title="Argo AI">Argo AI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(42%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoLatina" title="AutoLatina">AutoLatina</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Argentina/Brazil)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_Fuel_Cell_Cooperation" title="Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation">Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(49.9%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changan_Ford_Mazda" title="Changan Ford Mazda">Changan Ford Mazda</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(China)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Sollers" title="Ford Sollers">Ford Sollers</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Russia)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Union" title="Ford Union">Ford Union</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Belarus)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getrag" title="Getrag">Getrag Ford Transmissions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(50%)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matford" title="Matford">Matford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samcor" title="Samcor">Samcor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(South Africa)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troller_Ve%C3%ADculos_Especiais" title="Troller Veículos Especiais">Troller</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Brazil)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities and<br />products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_World_Headquarters" title="Ford World Headquarters">World Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corktown,_Detroit" title="Corktown, Detroit">Detroit Corktown campus</a> properties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Station" title="Michigan Central Station">Michigan Central Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Warehouse" title="Roosevelt Warehouse">Roosevelt Warehouse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_engines" title="List of Ford engines">Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories" title="List of Ford factories">Factories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcraft" title="Motorcraft">Motorcraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MERCON" title="MERCON">Mercon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_platforms" title="List of Ford platforms">Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Proving_Grounds" title="Ford Proving Grounds">Proving grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_transmissions" title="List of Ford transmissions">Transmissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_vehicles" title="List of Ford vehicles">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_people" title="Category:Ford people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_designers" title="Category:Ford designers">Designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford family tree">Ford Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Founder)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clay_Ford_Jr." title="William Clay Ford Jr.">William Clay Ford Jr.</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Executive Chairman)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Farley_(businessman)" title="Jim Farley (businessman)">Jim Farley</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(CEO)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Ford_Motor_Company" title="List of leaders of Ford Motor Company">List of leaders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racing teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-Sport_World_Rally_Team" title="M-Sport World Rally Team">M-Sport World Rally Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Performance" title="Ford Performance">Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Team_RS" title="Ford Team RS">Team RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Ford World Rally Team">World Rally Team</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munchi%27s_Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Munchi's Ford World Rally Team">Munchi's</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dodge_v._Ford_Motor_Co." title="Dodge v. Ford Motor Co.">Dodge v. Ford Motor Co.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grimshaw_v._Ford_Motor_Co." title="Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co.">Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordl%C3%A2ndia" title="Fordlândia">Fordlândia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ford_Show" title="The Ford Show">The Ford Show</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ford_v_Ferrari" title="Ford v Ferrari">Ford v Ferrari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ford_Motor_Company" title="History of Ford Motor Company">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Kinetic_Design" title="Ford Kinetic Design">Kinetic Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Edge" title="New Edge">New Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay_on_production" title="Pay on production">Pay on production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Council_for_Automotive_Research" title="United States Council for Automotive Research">United States Council for Automotive Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_Motor_Company" title="Category:Ford Motor Company">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ford_Motor_Company" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ford Motor Company">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BMW" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BMW" title="Template:BMW"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BMW" title="Template talk:BMW"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BMW" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BMW"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BMW" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_i" title="BMW i">BMW i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M" title="BMW M">BMW M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Motorrad" title="BMW Motorrad">BMW Motorrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinoro" title="Zinoro">Zinoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> (inactive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> (inactive)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapp_Motorenwerke" title="Rapp Motorenwerke">Rapp Motorenwerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobilwerk_Eisenach" title="Automobilwerk Eisenach">Automobilwerk Eisenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Marine" title="BMW Marine">BMW Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Dixi" title="BMW Dixi">Dixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_(company)" title="Glas (company)">Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Flugmaschinenfabrik" title="Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik">Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husqvarna_Motorcycles" title="Husqvarna Motorcycles">Husqvarna Motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company#BMW" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions and subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Bank" title="BMW Bank">BMW Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M_Motorsport" title="BMW M Motorsport">BMW M Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Mexico" title="BMW Mexico">BMW Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_South_Africa" title="BMW South Africa">BMW South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Manufacturing_(Thailand)" title="BMW Manufacturing (Thailand)">BMW Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_India" title="BMW India">BMW India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designworks" title="Designworks">Designworks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Brilliance" title="BMW Brilliance">BMW Brilliance</a> (75%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zinoro" title="Zinoro">Zinoro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_Automotive" title="Spotlight Automotive">Spotlight Automotive</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_Technologies" title="Here Technologies">Here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_Now" title="Share Now">Share Now</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BMW_vehicles" title="List of BMW vehicles">List of BMW vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rolls-Royce_motor_cars" title="List of Rolls-Royce motor cars">List of Rolls-Royce motor cars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Assist" title="BMW Assist">BMW Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConnectedDrive" title="ConnectedDrive">ConnectedDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDrive" class="mw-redirect" title="IDrive">iDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valvetronic" title="Valvetronic">Valvetronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VANOS" title="VANOS">VANOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_xDrive" title="BMW xDrive">xDrive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpina" title="Alpina">Alpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_motorsport" title="BMW in motorsport">BMW in motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One" title="BMW in Formula One">BMW in Formula One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_M1_Procar_Championship" title="BMW M1 Procar Championship">BMW M1 Procar Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumho_BMW_Championship" title="Kumho BMW Championship">Kumho BMW Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_RMG" title="Team RMG">Team RMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnitzer_Motorsport" title="Schnitzer Motorsport">Team Schnitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Bart_Mampaey" title="Racing Bart Mampaey">Team RBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_MTEK" title="Team MTEK">Team MTEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahal_Letterman_Lanigan_Racing" title="Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing">Team RLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schubert_Motorsport" title="Schubert Motorsport">Team Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Motorsport" title="Turner Motorsport">Turner Motorsport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Headquarters" title="BMW Headquarters">BMW Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Museum" title="BMW Museum">BMW Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Welt" title="BMW Welt">BMW Welt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Group_Plant_Dingolfing" title="BMW Group Plant Dingolfing">BMW Group Plant Dingolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Central_Building" title="BMW Central Building">BMW Central Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW" title="History of BMW">History of BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_BMW_motorcycles" title="History of BMW motorcycles">History of BMW motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Art_Car" title="BMW Art Car">BMW Art Car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35907#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35907#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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