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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="حصار فيينا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حصار فيينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_(1529)" title="Аблога Вены (1529) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аблога Вены (1529)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Обсада на Виена – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обсада на Виена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easchte_Weana_Tiaknbelogarung_(1529)" title="Easchte Weana Tiaknbelogarung (1529) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Easchte Weana Tiaknbelogarung (1529)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setge_de_Viena_(1529)" title="Setge de Viena (1529) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Setge de Viena (1529)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_obl%C3%A9h%C3%A1n%C3%AD_V%C3%ADdn%C4%9B" title="První obléhání Vídně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První obléhání Vídně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_tyrkiske_belejring_af_Wien" title="Første tyrkiske belejring af Wien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Første tyrkiske belejring af Wien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erste_Wiener_T%C3%BCrkenbelagerung" title="Erste Wiener Türkenbelagerung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erste Wiener Türkenbelagerung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viini_piiramine_(1529)" title="Viini piiramine (1529) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viini piiramine (1529)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_(1529)" title="Πολιορκία της Βιέννης (1529) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιορκία της Βιέννης (1529)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529) – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Siege of Vienna (1529)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitio_de_Viena" title="Sitio de Viena – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sitio de Viena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="محاصره وین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محاصره وین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Vienne_(1529)" title="Siège de Vienne (1529) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siège de Vienne (1529)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9igear_V%C3%ADn" title="Léigear Vín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Léigear Vín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%88_%EA%B3%B5%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%84" title="빈 공방전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빈 공방전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(1529)" title="Վիեննայի պաշարում (1529) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիեննայի պաշարում (1529)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsada_Be%C4%8Da_1529." title="Opsada Beča 1529. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Opsada Beča 1529." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengepungan_Wina" title="Pengepungan Wina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengepungan Wina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assedio_di_Vienna" title="Assedio di Vienna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assedio di Vienna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_(1529)" title="המצור על וינה (1529) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המצור על וינה (1529)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_obsidio_Viennensis_(1529)" title="Prima obsidio Viennensis (1529) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Prima obsidio Viennensis (1529)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9cs_ostroma_(1529)" title="Bécs ostroma (1529) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bécs ostroma (1529)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1529)" title="Опсада на Виена (1529) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Опсада на Виена (1529)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengepungan_Vienna" title="Pengepungan Vienna – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengepungan Vienna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beleg_van_Wenen_(1529)" title="Beleg van Wenen (1529) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beleg van Wenen (1529)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%85%E5%9B%B2" title="第一次ウィーン包囲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第一次ウィーン包囲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8tge_de_Viena_(1529)" title="Sètge de Viena (1529) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sètge de Viena (1529)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="محاصرہ ویانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محاصرہ ویانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obl%C4%99%C5%BCenie_Wiednia_(1529)" title="Oblężenie Wiednia (1529) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oblężenie Wiednia (1529)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeiro_Cerco_Otomano_a_Viena" title="Primeiro Cerco Otomano a Viena – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeiro Cerco Otomano a Viena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primul_Asediu_al_Vienei" title="Primul Asediu al Vienei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Primul Asediu al Vienei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_(1529)" title="Осада Вены (1529) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осада Вены (1529)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obliehanie_Viedne" title="Obliehanie Viedne – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obliehanie Viedne" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvo_obleganje_Dunaja" title="Prvo obleganje Dunaja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prvo obleganje Dunaja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0_(1529)" title="Опсада Беча (1529) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опсада Беча (1529)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsada_Be%C4%8Da_1529." title="Opsada Beča 1529. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Opsada Beča 1529." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wienin_piiritys" title="Wienin piiritys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wienin piiritys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel%C3%A4gringen_av_Wien" title="Belägringen av Wien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Belägringen av Wien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="การล้อมกรุงเวียนนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การล้อมกรุงเวียนนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Viyana_Ku%C5%9Fatmas%C4%B1" title="I. Viyana Kuşatması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Viyana Kuşatması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_(1529)" title="Облога Відня (1529) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Облога Відня (1529)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="محاصرہ ویانا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محاصرہ ویانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7427050">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Vienna</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_wars_in_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottoman wars in Europe (not yet started)">Ottoman wars in Europe</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars (not yet started)">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Siegeofvienna1529.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Siegeofvienna1529.jpg/300px-Siegeofvienna1529.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Siegeofvienna1529.jpg/450px-Siegeofvienna1529.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Siegeofvienna1529.jpg/600px-Siegeofvienna1529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span><br />Contemporary 1529 engraving of clashes between the Austrians and Ottomans outside <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartel_Beham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartel Beham (not yet started)">Bartel Beham</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>27 September–15 October 1529<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw1976_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw1976-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(2 weeks and 4 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br />(present-day Austria)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td> Habsburg victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia"><img alt="Bohemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Bohemia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bohemia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Kingdom of Bohemia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banner_of_the_Palatinate.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Palatinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banner_of_the_Palatinate.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Palatinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banner_of_the_Palatinate.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Palatinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Electorate of the Palatinate</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carniola_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Carniola_Arms.svg/23px-Carniola_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Carniola_Arms.svg/35px-Carniola_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Carniola_Arms.svg/46px-Carniola_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="659" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Carniola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duchy of Carniola (not yet started)">Duchy of Carniola</a></li></ul> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/23px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/35px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ottoman_red_flag.svg/45px-Ottoman_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moldavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas,_Count_of_Salm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas, Count of Salm (not yet started)">Niklas Graf Salm</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Wounded_in_action" title="Wounded in action">WIA</a>)</small><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip,_Count_Palatine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip, Count Palatine (not yet started)">Philipp der Streitbare</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_von_Roggendorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm von Roggendorf (not yet started)">Wilhelm von Roggendorf</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petar_Keglevi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petar Keglević (not yet started)">Petar Keglević</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Katzianer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Katzianer (not yet started)">Johann Katzianer</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavle_Baki%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavle Bakić (not yet started)">Pavle Bakić</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pargal%C4%B1_Ibrahim_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (not yet started)">Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <i>c.</i> 17,000–21,000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><i>c.</i> 120,000–125,000 </p> (only 100,000 were available during the siege)<sup id="cite_ref-estimate_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estimate-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>Unknown, with presumably high civilian fatalities<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull_2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> More than 1,500 dead (10% of the besieged)<sup id="cite_ref-repositorio.uam.es_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repositorio.uam.es-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 15,000 wounded, dead or captured<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull_2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> The <b>siege of Vienna</b>, in 1529, was the first attempt by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> to capture the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>, sultan of the Ottomans, attacked the city with over 100,000 men, while the defenders, led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas,_Count_of_Salm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas, Count of Salm (not yet started)">Niklas Graf Salm</a>, numbered no more than 21,000. Nevertheless, Vienna was able to survive the siege, which ultimately lasted just over two weeks, from 27 September to 15 October, 1529. </p><p>The siege came in the aftermath of the 1526 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mohács (not yet started)">Battle of Mohács</a>, which had resulted in the death of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_II_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis II of Hungary (not yet started)">Louis II</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Hungary">King of Hungary</a>, and the descent of the kingdom into civil war. Following Louis' death, rival factions within Hungary selected two successors: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria</a>, supported by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Z%C3%A1polya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Zápolya (not yet started)">John Zápolya</a>. Zápolya would eventually seek aid from, and become a <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> of the Ottoman Empire, after Ferdinand began to take control of western Hungary, including the city of <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a>. </p><p>The Ottoman attack on Vienna was part of the empire's intervention into the Hungarian conflict, and in the short term sought to secure Zápolya's position. Historians offer conflicting interpretations of the Ottoman's long-term goals, including the motivations behind the choice of Vienna as the campaign's immediate target. Some modern historians suggest that Suleiman's primary objective was to assert Ottoman control over all of Hungary, including the western part (known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Hungary (not yet started)">Royal Hungary</a>) that was then still under Habsburg control. Some scholars suggest Suleiman intended to use Hungary as a staging ground for further invasion of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-someHistorians_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-someHistorians-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The failure of the Siege of Vienna marked the beginning of 150 years of bitter military tension between the Habsburgs and Ottomans, punctuated by reciprocal attacks, and culminating in a second <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vienna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vienna (not yet started)">Siege of Vienna</a> in 1683. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Background" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Background"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mohács (not yet started)">Battle of Mohács</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_campaign_of_1527%E2%80%931528&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 (not yet started)">Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528</a></div> <p>In August 1526, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a> decisively defeated the forces of King <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_II_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis II of Hungary (not yet started)">Louis II of Hungary</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mohács (not yet started)">Battle of Mohács</a>, paving the way for the Ottomans to gain control of south-eastern Hungary;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the childless King Louis died, possibly drowning when he attempted to escape the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-JohnBrit_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnBrit-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria</a>, brother of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor Charles V</a>, claimed the vacant Hungarian throne. Ferdinand won recognition only in western Hungary; a noble called <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Z%C3%A1polya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Zápolya (not yet started)">John Zápolya</a>, from a power-base in <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, challenged him for the crown and was recognised as king by Suleiman in return for accepting vassal status within the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-JohnBrit_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnBrit-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus Hungary became divided into three zones: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Hungary (not yet started)">Royal Hungary</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottoman Hungary (not yet started)">Ottoman Hungary</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711) (not yet started)">Principality of Transylvania</a>, an arrangement which persisted until 1700.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the Diet of <a href="/wiki/Pozsony" class="mw-redirect" title="Pozsony">Pozsony</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>) on 26 October,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferdinand was declared king of Royal Hungary due to the agreement between his and Louis's families, cemented by Ferdinand's marriage to Louis's sister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (not yet started)">Anna</a> and Louis's marriage to Ferdinand's sister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_of_Hungary_(governor_of_the_Netherlands)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands) (not yet started)">Mary</a>. Ferdinand set out to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campaign_of_Ferdinand_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campaign of Ferdinand I (not yet started)">enforce his claim on Hungary</a> and captured <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> in 1527, only to relinquish his hold on it in 1529 when an Ottoman counter-attack stripped Ferdinand of all his territorial gains.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Prelude" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Prelude"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_army">Ottoman army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Ottoman army" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ottoman army"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suleiman_the_Magnificent_by_Dell%27Altissimo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Suleiman_the_Magnificent_by_Dell%27Altissimo.jpg/150px-Suleiman_the_Magnificent_by_Dell%27Altissimo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Suleiman_the_Magnificent_by_Dell%27Altissimo.jpg/225px-Suleiman_the_Magnificent_by_Dell%27Altissimo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Suleiman_the_Magnificent_by_Dell%27Altissimo.jpg/300px-Suleiman_the_Magnificent_by_Dell%27Altissimo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Suleiman the Magnificent by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristofano_dell%27Altissimo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristofano dell'Altissimo (not yet started)">Cristofano dell'Altissimo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the spring of 1529, Suleiman mustered a large army in <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_early_Ottoman_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of early Ottoman Bulgaria (not yet started)">Ottoman Bulgaria</a>, with the aim of securing control over all of Hungary at his new borders by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Estimates of Suleiman's army vary widely from 120,000 to more than 300,000 men, as mentioned by various chroniclers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as numerous units of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipahi (not yet started)">Sipahi</a></i>, the elite mounted force of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Six_Divisions_of_Cavalry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Six Divisions of Cavalry (not yet started)">Ottoman cavalry</a>, and thousands of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janissary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janissary (not yet started)">janissaries</a>, the Ottoman army incorporated a contingent from <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and renegade <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a> warriors from the army of <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Z%C3%A1polya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Zápolya (not yet started)">John Zápolya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suleiman acted as the commander-in-chief (as well as personally leading his force), and in April he appointed his <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> (the highest Ottoman minister), a <a href="/wiki/Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks">Greek</a> former slave called <a href="/wiki/Pargal%C4%B1_%C4%B0brahim_Pasha" title="Pargalı İbrahim Pasha">Ibrahim Pasha</a>, as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serasker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serasker (not yet started)">Serasker</a></i>, a commander with powers to give orders in the sultan's name.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suleiman launched his campaign on 10 May, 1529 and faced numerous obstacles from the onset.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spring rains that are characteristic of south-eastern Europe and the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> were particularly heavy that year, causing flooding in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and rendering parts of the route used by the army barely passable. Many large-calibre cannons and artillery pieces became hopelessly mired or bogged down, leaving Suleiman no choice but to abandon them,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while camels brought from the empire's Eastern provinces, not used to the difficult conditions, were lost in large numbers. Sickness and poor health became common among the janissaries, claiming many lives along the perilous journey.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suleiman arrived in <a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a> on 6 August. On the 18th he reached the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moh%C3%A1cs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohács (not yet started)">Mohács plain</a>, to be greeted by a substantial cavalry force led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Z%C3%A1polya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Zápolya (not yet started)">John Zápolya</a> (which would later accompany Suleiman to Vienna), who paid him homage and helped him recapture several fortresses lost since the Battle of Mohács to the Austrians, including <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a>, which fell on 8 September.<sup id="cite_ref-Stav_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stav-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only resistance came at <a href="/wiki/Pozsony" class="mw-redirect" title="Pozsony">Pozsony</a>, where the Turkish fleet was bombarded as it sailed up the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defensive_measures">Defensive measures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Defensive measures" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Defensive measures"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viena_1529.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Viena_1529.JPG/220px-Viena_1529.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Viena_1529.JPG/330px-Viena_1529.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Viena_1529.JPG/440px-Viena_1529.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3360" data-file-height="3132" /></a><figcaption>Panoramic view of Vienna during the first Turkish siege, by Nikolaus Meldemann, 1530, Wien Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>As the Ottomans advanced towards Vienna, the city's population organised an ad-hoc resistance formed from local farmers, peasants, and civilians determined to repel the inevitable attack. The defenders were supported by a variety of European mercenaries, namely German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landsknecht (not yet started)">Landsknecht</a> pikemen and professional <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harquebusier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harquebusier (not yet started)">harquebusiers</a>, sent by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>, who was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Queen Mary of Hungary, who was the sister of Charles V, in addition to 1,000 German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknechts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landsknechts (not yet started)">Landsknechts</a> under Count Niklas Salm, sent a contingent of 700–800 Spanish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harquebusier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harquebusier (not yet started)">harquebusiers</a>. Only 250 Spanish survived.<sup id="cite_ref-repositorio.uam.es_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repositorio.uam.es-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish were under the command of Marshal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_de_%C3%81valos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis de Ávalos (not yet started)">Luis de Ávalos</a>, with captains Juan de Salinas, Jaime García de Guzmán, Jorge Manrique, and Cristóbal de Aranda. This elite infantry excelled in the defense of the northern area and with discretion fire prevented the Ottomans from settling in the Danube <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadows</a>, near the ramparts, where they could have breached with enough space to work. These elite soldiers also built additional <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palisade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palisade (not yet started)">palisades</a> and trap pits that would be essential during the siege.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hofmeister_(office)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hofmeister (office) (not yet started)">Hofmeister of Austria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_von_Roggendorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm von Roggendorf (not yet started)">Wilhelm von Roggendorf</a>, assumed charge of the defensive garrison, with operational command entrusted to a seventy-year-old German mercenary named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas,_Count_of_Salm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas, Count of Salm (not yet started)">Nicholas, Count of Salm</a>, who had distinguished himself at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Pavia (not yet started)">Battle of Pavia</a> in 1525.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salm arrived in Vienna as head of the mercenary relief force and set about fortifying the three-hundred-year-old walls surrounding <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephansdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephansdom (not yet started)">St. Stephen's Cathedral</a>, near which he established his headquarters. To ensure the city could withstand a lengthy siege, he blocked the four city gates and reinforced the walls, which in some places were no more than six feet thick, and erected earthen bastions and an inner earthen <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">rampart</a>, levelling buildings where necessary to clear room for defences.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Siege" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Siege"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephansdom_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stephansdom_B.jpg/220px-Stephansdom_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stephansdom_B.jpg/330px-Stephansdom_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Stephansdom_B.jpg/440px-Stephansdom_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3196" data-file-height="4134" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Cathedral,_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna">St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna</a>, used as the informal headquarters of the Austrian resistance by Niklas Graf Salm, appointed head of the mercenary relief force.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ottoman army that arrived in late September had been depleted during the long advance into Austrian territory, leaving Suleiman short of camels and heavy artillery. Many of his troops arrived at Vienna in poor health after the tribulations of the long march through the worst of the wet season.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">source?</span></a></i>]</sup> Of those fit to fight, a third were or <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipahis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipahis (not yet started)">Sipahis</a></i>, ill-suited for siege warfare. Three richly dressed Austrian prisoners were dispatched as emissaries by the Sultan to negotiate the city's surrender; Salm sent three richly dressed Muslims back without a response.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the Ottoman army settled into position, the Austrian garrison launched sorties to disrupt the digging and <a href="/wiki/Mining_(military)" title="Mining (military)">mining</a> of tunnels below the city's walls by Ottoman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapper (not yet started)">sappers</a>, in one case almost capturing <a href="/wiki/Pargal%C4%B1_%C4%B0brahim_Pasha" title="Pargalı İbrahim Pasha">Ibrahim Pasha</a>. The defending forces detected and successfully detonated several mines that had been intended to breach the walls. On 6 October, 8,000 men were dispatched to attack the Ottoman mining operations. They succeeded in destroying many of the tunnels, but they sustained heavy losses when the confined space hindered their return to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landsknechte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Landsknechte.jpg/220px-Landsknechte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Landsknechte.jpg/330px-Landsknechte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Landsknechte.jpg/440px-Landsknechte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of German <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landsknecht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landsknecht (not yet started)">Landsknechts</a> circa 1530, renowned mercenary infantry of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> period, famous for their pikes, long <a href="/wiki/Halberd" title="Halberd">halberds</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zweih%C3%A4nder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zweihänder (not yet started)">Zweihänder</a> swords.</figcaption></figure> <p>More rain fell on 11 October, and with the Ottomans failing to breach the walls, the prospect of victory began to fade. In addition, Suleiman was facing critical shortages of food, water and other supplies, while casualties, sickness, and desertions began to take their toll. The janissaries began voicing their displeasure at the lack of progress, demanding a decision on whether to remain or abandon the siege. The Sultan convened an official council on 12 October to deliberate the matter. It was decided to attempt one final, major assault on Vienna, an "all or nothing" gamble.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assault was launched on 14 October, but despite extra rewards being offered to the troops, it was beaten back, with the defenders' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arquebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arquebus (not yet started)">arquebuses</a> and long pikes proving decisive.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, with supplies running low and winter approaching, Suleiman called off the siege and ordered a withdrawal to Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With unusually heavy snowfall, conditions deteriorated. The Ottoman retreat was hampered by muddy roads along which their horses and camels struggled to pass. Pursuing Austrian horsemen took many stragglers prisoner, although there was no Austrian counter-attack. The Ottomans reached Buda on 26 October, Belgrade on 10 November and their destination, Constantinople, on 16 December.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Aftermath" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Aftermath"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SiegeOfViennaByOttomanForces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SiegeOfViennaByOttomanForces.jpg/170px-SiegeOfViennaByOttomanForces.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SiegeOfViennaByOttomanForces.jpg/255px-SiegeOfViennaByOttomanForces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SiegeOfViennaByOttomanForces.jpg/340px-SiegeOfViennaByOttomanForces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1853" /></a><figcaption>An Ottoman depiction of the siege from the 16th century, housed in the <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> Hachette Art Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Some historians<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material in the vicinity of this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (September 2015)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> speculate that Suleiman's final assault was not necessarily intended to take the city but to cause as much damage as possible and weaken it for a later attack, a tactic he had employed at <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> in 1526. Suleiman would lead another campaign against Vienna in 1532, but it never truly materialised as his force was stalled by the <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croatian</a> Captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikola_Juri%C5%A1i%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikola Jurišić (not yet started)">Nikola Jurišić</a> during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_G%C3%BCns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Güns (not yet started)">siege of Güns</a> (Kőszeg).<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull_2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nikola Jurišić with only 700–800 Croatian soldiers managed to delay his force until winter closed in.<sup id="cite_ref-Turnbull_2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turnbull_2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wheatcroft59_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatcroft59-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles V, now largely aware of Vienna's vulnerability and weakened state, assembled 80,000 troops to confront the Ottoman force. Instead of going ahead with a second siege attempt, the Ottoman force turned back, laying waste the south-eastern Austrian state of <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a> in their retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two Viennese campaigns in essence marked the extreme limit of Ottoman logistical capability to field large armies deep in central Europe at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1529 campaign produced mixed results. Buda was brought back under the control of the Ottoman vassal <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Z%C3%A1polya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Zápolya (not yet started)">John Zápolya</a>, strengthening the Ottoman position in Hungary. The campaign left behind a trail of collateral damage in neighbouring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Hungary (not yet started)">Habsburg Hungary</a> and Austria that impaired Ferdinand's capacity to mount a sustained counter-attack. However, Suleiman failed to force Ferdinand to engage him in open battle, and was thus unable to enforce his ideological claim to superiority over the Habsburgs. The attack on Vienna led to a rapprochement between Charles V and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a>, and contributed to the Pope's coronation of Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor on February 24, 1530. The outcome of the campaign was presented as a success by the Ottomans, who used the opportunity to show off their imperial grandeur by staging elaborate ceremonies for the circumcision of princes <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Mustafa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Mustafa (not yet started)">Mustafa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eehzade_Mehmed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Şehzade Mehmed (not yet started)">Mehmed</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a> erected a funeral monument for the German commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas,_Count_of_Salm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas, Count of Salm (not yet started)">Nicholas, Count of Salm</a>, head of the mercenary relief force dispatched to Vienna, as a token of appreciation of his efforts. Nicholas survived the initial siege attempt, but had been injured during the last Ottoman assault and died on May 4, 1530.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Renaissance sarcophagus is now on display in the baptistery of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Votivkirche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Votivkirche (not yet started)">Votivkirche</a> cathedral in Vienna. Ferdinand's son, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (not yet started)">Maximilian II</a>, later built the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neugeb%C3%A4ude_Palace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neugebäude Palace (not yet started)">Castle of Neugebaeude</a> on the spot where Suleiman is said to have pitched his tent during the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Shaw1976-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw1976_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShaw1976" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Stanford J. (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman00stan"><i>History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofottoman00stan/page/93">93</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29163-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29163-7"><bdi>978-0-521-29163-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+Modern+Turkey&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29163-7&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Stanford+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofottoman00stan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull says the garrison was "over 16,000 strong". <i>The Ottoman Empire</i>, p. 50; Keegan and Wheatcroft suggest 17,000. <i>Who's Who in Military History</i>, p. 283; Some estimates are just above 20,000, for example: "Together with Wilhelm von Roggendorf, the Marshal of Austria, Salm conducted the defense of Vienna with 16,000 regulars and 5,000 militia." Dupuy, Trevor, <i>et al.</i>, <i>The Encyclopedia of Military Biography</i>, p. 653.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-estimate-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-estimate_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull suggests Suleiman had "perhaps 120,000" troops when he reached Osijek on 6 August. <i>The Ottoman Empire</i>, p. 50; Christopher Duffy suggests "Suleiman led an army of 125,000 Turks". <i>Siege Warfare: Fortresses in the Early Modern World 1494–1660</i>, p. 201. For higher estimates, see further note on Suleiman's troops.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turnbull_2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_2_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_2_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_2_4-2">4.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_2_4-3">4.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull, Stephen. <i>The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699</i>. New York: Osprey, 2003. p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-repositorio.uam.es-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-repositorio.uam.es_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-repositorio.uam.es_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/1235/17116_C6.pdf?sequence=1">https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/1235/17116_C6.pdf?sequence=1</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-someHistorians-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-someHistorians_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">It was an "afterthought towards the end of a season of campaigning". Riley-Smith, p. 256; "A last-minute decision following a quick victory in Hungary". Shaw and Shaw, p. 94; Other historians, including Stephen Turnbull, regard the suppression of Hungary as the calculated prologue, to an invasion further into Europe: "John Szapolya  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] became a footnote in the next great Turkish advance against Europe in the most ambitious campaign of the great Sultan's reign." Turnbull, p .50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Mohacs">"Battle of Mohács"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Moh%C3%A1cs&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FBattle-of-Mohacs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnBrit-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JohnBrit_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-JohnBrit_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-II-king-of-Hungary-and-Bohemia">"Louis II: king of Hungary and Bohemia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Louis+II%3A+king+of+Hungary+and+Bohemia&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FLouis-II-king-of-Hungary-and-Bohemia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Suleyman-the-Magnificent">"Süleyman the Magnificent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=S%C3%BCleyman+the+Magnificent&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSuleyman-the-Magnificent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJean_BerengerC.A._Simpson2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_B%C3%A9renger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Bérenger (not yet started)">Jean Berenger</a>; C.A. Simpson (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWQSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA189"><i>A History of the Habsburg Empire 1273–1700</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 189–190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317895701" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317895701"><bdi>978-1317895701</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Habsburg+Empire+1273%E2%80%931700&rft.pages=189-190&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1317895701&rft.au=Jean+Berenger&rft.au=C.A.+Simpson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrWQSBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull, Stephen. <i>The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699</i>. New York: Osprey, 2003. p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull, Stephen. <i>The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699</i>. New York: Osprey, 2003. pp. 49–50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull suggests Suleiman had "perhaps 120,000" troops when he reached Osijek on 6 August. Turnbull, p. 50; Very high figures appear in nineteenth-century histories, for example that of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pZoBAAAAQAAJ&dq=300,000+inauthor:Augusta+inauthor:Theodosia+inauthor:&pg=RA5-PA136">Augusta Theodosia Drane</a> in 1858, "more than 300,000 men"; such estimates may derive from contemporary accounts: the Venetian diarist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marino_Sanuto_the_Younger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marino Sanuto the Younger (not yet started)">Marino Sanuto</a>, on 29 October 1529, for example, recorded the Turkish army as containing 305,200 men (mentioned in Albert Howe Lyber's <i>The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent</i>, p. 107). Modern books sometimes repeat the higher figures—for example, Daniel Chirot, in <i>The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe</i>, 1980, p. 183, says "some 300,000 men besieged Vienna in 1529"; an alternative figure appears in <i>Islam at War</i>: "The sultan's army of 250,000 appeared before the gates of Vienna in the first siege of that great city", Walton, <i>et al.</i>, 2003, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Liptai: Magyarország hadtörténete I. Zrínyi Military Publisher 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-326-320-4" title="Special:BookSources/963-326-320-4">963-326-320-4</a> p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In April, the diploma by which Suleiman confirmed Ibrahim Pasha's appointment as <i>serasker</i> included the following: "Whatever he says and in whatever manner he decides to regard things, you are to accept them as if they were the propitious words and respect-commanding decrees issuing from my own pearl-dispensing tongue." Quoted by Rhoads Murphey in <i>Ottoman Warfare 1500–1700</i>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turnbull-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_16-1">16.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_16-2">16.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_16-3">16.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Turnbull_16-4">16.4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Turnbull, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Vienna-1529">"Siege of Vienna: Europe [1529]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Siege+of+Vienna%3A+Europe+%5B1529%5D&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FSiege-of-Vienna-1529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHans_H.A._Hötte2014" class="citation book cs1">Hans H.A. Hötte (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2LiBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8"><i>Atlas of Southeast Europe: Geopolitics and History. Vol. One: 1521–1699</i></a>. Brill. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004288881" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004288881"><bdi>978-9004288881</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Southeast+Europe%3A+Geopolitics+and+History.+Vol.+One%3A+1521%E2%80%931699&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9004288881&rft.au=Hans+H.A.+H%C3%B6tte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2LiBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stav-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stav_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stavrianos, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferdinand I had withdrawn to the safety of <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a> following pleas for assistance to his brother, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>, who was too stretched by his war with France to spare more than a few Spanish infantry to the cause.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reston, James Jr, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OW2Mv8P6kbEC&dq=siege+of+vienna+spanish+musketeers+charles+v&pg=RA1-PA288"><i>Defenders of the Faith: Charles V, Suleyman the Magnificent, and the Battle for Europe, 1520–1536</i></a>, Marshall Cavendish, 2009, p. 288, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-225-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-225-4">978-1-59420-225-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spielman, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stavrianos, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Early Modern Wars 1500–1775</i> p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holmes et al p. 953</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSkaarup2003" class="citation book cs1">Skaarup, Harold A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EUHOVXjHDiEC"><i>Siegecraft – No Fortress Impregnable</i></a>. Lincoln, Nevada: iUniverse. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-27521-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-27521-2"><bdi>978-0-595-27521-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Siegecraft+%E2%80%93+No+Fortress+Impregnable&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+Nevada&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-595-27521-2&rft.aulast=Skaarup&rft.aufirst=Harold+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEUHOVXjHDiEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHötte2015" class="citation book cs1">Hötte, Hans H. A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2LiBQAAQBAJ"><i>Atlas of Southeast Europe: Geopolitics and History. Volume One: 1521–1699</i></a>. Leiden, Holland: Brill. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28888-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28888-1"><bdi>978-90-04-28888-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Southeast+Europe%3A+Geopolitics+and+History.+Volume+One%3A+1521%E2%80%931699&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Holland&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-28888-1&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6tte&rft.aufirst=Hans+H.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2LiBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheatcroft59-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheatcroft59_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wheatcroft (2009), p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tracy, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Riley-Smith, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFŞahin2013" class="citation book cs1">Şahin, Kaya (2013). <i>Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03442-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03442-6"><bdi>978-1-107-03442-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+and+Power+in+the+Reign+of+S%C3%BCleyman%3A+Narrating+the+Sixteenth-Century+Ottoman+World&rft.pages=79-80&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03442-6&rft.aulast=%C5%9Eahin&rft.aufirst=Kaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Vienna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry on Salm. Dupuy, <i>et al.</i>, p. 653.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Louthan, p. 43.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&oldid=9429034">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vienna&oldid=9429034</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1529" title="Category:1529">1529</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vienna" title="Category:Vienna">Vienna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Austria" title="Category:History of Austria">History of Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022">Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PDF_format_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations">Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hatnote_templates_targeting_a_nonexistent_page" title="Category:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page">Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_weasel_words" title="Category:Articles with weasel words">Articles with weasel words</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 21 March 2024, at 19:11.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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