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data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Crat%C3%B3" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Crat%C3%B3" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Crat%C3%B3" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Crat%C3%B3" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Terminologia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crató_arcaic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crató_arcaic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Crató arcaic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crató_arcaic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemples_de_cratons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemples_de_cratons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Exemples de cratons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemples_de_cratons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alguns_cratons_estudiats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alguns_cratons_estudiats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alguns cratons estudiats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alguns_cratons_estudiats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crató</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 50 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A9" title="راسخة - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راسخة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кратон - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кратон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кратон - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кратон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кратон - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кратон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κρατώνας - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρατώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craton" title="Craton - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Craton" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratono" title="Kratono - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kratono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crat%C3%B3n" title="Cratón - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cratón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraaton" title="Kraaton - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kraaton" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratoi" title="Kratoi - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kratoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="کراتون - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کراتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratoni" title="Kratoni - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kratoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craton" title="Craton - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Craton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crat%C3%B3n" title="Cratón - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cratón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crat%C3%B3n" title="Cratón - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cratón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קראטון - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קראטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%90sf%C3%B6ld" title="Ősföld - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ősföld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratone" title="Cratone - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cratone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="クラトン - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クラトン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კრატონი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრატონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кратон - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кратон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratonas" title="Kratonas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kratonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratons" title="Kratons - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kratons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кратон - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кратон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton_(geologie)" title="Kraton (geologie) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kraton (geologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craton" title="Craton - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Craton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A1ton" title="Cráton - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cráton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Древняя платформа - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древняя платформа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craton" title="Craton - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Craton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krat%C3%B3n_(geol%C3%B3gia)" title="Kratón (geológia) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kratón (geológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кратон - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кратон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கிரேட்டான் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரேட்டான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кратон - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кратон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton" title="Kraton - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kraton" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BB%81n_c%E1%BB%95" title="Nền cổ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nền cổ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E9%80%9A" title="克拉通 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克拉通" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191110#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Crat%C3%B3" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:World_geologic_provinces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/220px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/330px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/World_geologic_provinces.jpg/440px-World_geologic_provinces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Les grans regions geològiques (<a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a>) Els cratons apareixen de color taronja. <b>Crosta oceànica</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26476043">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#cde; color:black;"> </span> 0-20 Ma (Mega any o Milió d'anys)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#abc; color:black;"> </span> 20-65 Ma</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#89a; color:black;"> </span> >65 Ma</div> <b>Crosta continental</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f96; color:black;"> </span> <b>cratons</b> o escuts</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#f9c; color:black;"> </span> plataforma de Sediments</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#9fc; color:black;"> </span> cadena de muntanyes (<a href="/wiki/Orog%C3%A8nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orogènia">orogènia</a>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#9cf; color:black;"> </span> conca estructural</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#969; color:black;"> </span> gran província volcànica</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26476043"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#ff9; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Altipl%C3%A0" title="Altiplà">altiplà</a> continental</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>crató</b> (del <a href="/wiki/Grec_antic" title="Grec antic">grec</a> κϱάτος, que significa <i>força</i>) és un sector àmpli de l'<a href="/wiki/Escor%C3%A7a_terrestre" title="Escorça terrestre">escorça terrestre</a>, dins un <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a>, que s'ha mantingut relativament estable i que ha estat molt poc deformat <a href="/wiki/Epirog%C3%A8nesi" title="Epirogènesi">epirogènicament</a> durant un llarg període de la història geològica de la Terra.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquests amplis sectors continentals mantenen una gran rigidesa i no han sofert fragmentacions ni deformacions importants perquè no han estat afectats per l'orogènesi. Alguns autors defineixen el crató com la part ferma de l’escorça terrestre que no ha experimentat deformació de tipus <a href="/wiki/Orog%C3%A8nesi_alpina" title="Orogènesi alpina">alpí</a>, l'orogènia més recent.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els cratons són les parts continentals de l'escorça que han suportat els cicles de fusió i ruptura dels continents. Els cratons es troben generalment a l'interior i allunyats de les vores de les plaques tectòniques, encara que sobre ells es poden produir moviments de rifting geològicament recents que poden originar marges passius i separar un crató. Els cratons es componen, característicament, d'antigues roques del sòcol cristal·lí, que poden estar cobertes per roques sedimentàries més joves. Tenen una fondària litosfèrica important que arriba a centenars de quilòmetres. </p><p>Els cratons estan formats per les restes escampades de <a href="/wiki/Pangea" title="Pangea">Pangea</a>, amb roques que superen els 1.400 milions d'anys. Amb tot, aquestes parts més fermes dels continents han sofert canvis en el temps i les roques més antigues han estat cobertes per altres roques de formació més recent.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els cratons es componen de dues capes: un <a href="/wiki/Escut" class="mw-disambig" title="Escut">escut continental</a>, en el qual la roca aflora a la superfície, i una plataforma que cobreix l'escut en algunes zones amb <a href="/wiki/Roca_sediment%C3%A0ria" title="Roca sedimentària">roca sedimentària</a>. </p><p>Els cratons tendeixen a ser plans o presenten relleus baixos amb formes arrodonides i <a href="/wiki/Roca" title="Roca">roques</a> sovint arcaiques. Els cratons submarins reben el nom de <i><b>nesocratons</b></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologia">Terminologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crat%C3%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Terminologia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El terme <i>crató</i> s'utilitza per diferenciar la part més estable de l'escorça continental de les regions que són més actives i alhora més inestables geològicament.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La paraula <i>crató</i> va ser proposada pel geòleg austríac Leopold Kober l'any 1921 com a <i>Kratogen</i>, referint-se a <a href="/wiki/Plataforma_continental" title="Plataforma continental">plataformes continentals</a> estables, i <i><a href="/wiki/Orog%C3%A8nesi" title="Orogènesi">orogen</a></i> com a terme per a cinturons muntanyosos o orogènics. Més tard, Hans Stille va escurçar el terme anterior a <i>Kraton</i>, del qual deriva l'actual terme <i>crató</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crató_arcaic"><span id="Crat.C3.B3_arcaic"></span>Crató arcaic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crat%C3%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Crató arcaic"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un crató arcaic és un crató antic o part de l'escorça terrestre que s'ha mantingut estable des de fa més de 2.500 Ma i format per grans àrees que han sofert diversos graus de metamorfisme a baixa pressió. Aquest tipus de crató antic, generalment conté dos tipus litològics: els <i>greenstone belts</i> i els complexos granulítics.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemples_de_cratons">Exemples de cratons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crat%C3%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Exemples de cratons"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Crató de Dharwar,a l'Índia<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crató de la Xina del nord<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crató d'Europa oriental <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crató amazònic a Amèrica del Sud<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crató de Kaapvaal a Sud-àfrica<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crató Nord-americà (Laurentia Craton)<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crató Sud-australià (Gawler Craton) <sup id="cite_ref-Ref_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alguns_cratons_estudiats">Alguns cratons estudiats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crat%C3%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Alguns cratons estudiats"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yilgarn (<a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia_Occidental" title="Austràlia Occidental">Austràlia Occidental</a>)</li></ul> <p>El sector dels Terrenys de Narryer té la particularitat que els geòlegs hi han trobat les roques més antigues d'Austràlia (3730 Ma (Ma, Megaany o miler d'anys) i els minerals més antics del planeta Terra (4400 Ma).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Slave (<a href="/wiki/Territoris_del_Nord-oest" title="Territoris del Nord-oest">Territoris del Nord-Est</a> del <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a>)</li></ul> <p>Rep el nom del Gran Llac dels Esclaus. Antiguitat de 4,03 Ga (<i>gigaannum</i>, o milió d'anys) en els Gneiss d'Acasta. </p> <ul><li>Cratons de l'escut <a href="/wiki/Fennosc%C3%A0ndia" title="Fennoscàndia">Fennoescandià</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crat%C3%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cratons" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cratons">Crató</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRiba_Arderiu,_O._(dir.)1997"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Riba Arderiu, O. (dir.)</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cit.iec.cat/DGEOL/default.asp">crató</a>».  Diccionari de Geologia, IEC, 1997. [Consulta: 26 juny 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFVila_Comaposada,_M.A.edició_2013"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Vila Comaposada, M.A.</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cit.iec.cat/ATGC/default.asp">crató</a>».  Aportació ala Terminologia Geogràfica Catalana, edició 2013. [Consulta: 26 juny 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliotecadigital.ilce.edu.mx/Colecciones/index.php?clave=cTiSuperf1&pag=9">V. Los continentes</a>» (en castellà-espanyol).  Instituto Latinoamericano de Comunicación, 2021. [Consulta: 26 juny 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "craton". <i>Glossary of geology (4 ed.)</i>. Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0922152349" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0922152349">ISBN 0922152349</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.worldcat.org/es/title/glossary-of-geology/oclc/36746525">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://store.geosociety.org/Bookstore/GSA/_iCore/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iProductCode=MWR196">The Large-Wavelength Deformations of the Lithosphere...</a>» (en anglès). [Consulta: 26 juny 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRiba_Arderiu,_O_(dir.)1997"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Riba Arderiu, O (dir.)</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cit.iec.cat/DGEOL/default.asp">crató arcaic</a>» (en anglès).  Diccionari de Geologia, IEC, 1997. [Consulta: 26 juny 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRatheesh-KumarWindleyXiaoJia2020"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Ratheesh-Kumar</span>, R. T.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Windley</span>, B. F.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Xiao</span>, W. J.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jia</span>, X-L.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mohanty</span>, D. P. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301926819301639">Early growth of the Indian lithosphere: Implications from the assembly of the Dharwar Craton and adjacent granulite blocks, southern India</a>» (en anglès). <i>Precambrian Research</i>, 336, 01-01-2020, pàg. 105491. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.precamres.2019.105491">10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105491</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0301-9268">0301-9268</a>.</span> Precambrian Research, Volume 336, 2020, 105491, ISSN 0301-9268, {{format ref}} https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105491.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301926819301639?via%3Dihub">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKuskyWindleyZhai2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kusky</span>, T. M.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Windley</span>, B. F.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Zhai</span>, M.-G. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/SP280.1">Tectonic evolution of the North China Block: from orogen to craton to orogen</a>» (en anglès). <i>Geological Society, London, Special Publications</i>, 280, 1, 1-2007, pàg. 1–34. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1144%2FSP280.1">10.1144/SP280.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0305-8719">0305-8719</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Artemieva, Irina M (August 2003). <i>"Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: implications for the subsidence of the Russian platform"</i> (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 213 (3–4): 431–446. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/49250885/2003_EPSL_EEC_Art.PDF">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCordaniTeixeiraD'Agrella-FilhoTrindade2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cordani</span>, U. G.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Teixeira</span>, W.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">D'Agrella-Filho</span>, M. S.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Trindade</span>, R. I. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X08001809">The position of the Amazonian Craton in supercontinents</a>» (en anglès). <i>Gondwana Research</i>, 15, 3, 01-06-2009, pàg. 396–407. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gr.2008.12.005">10.1016/j.gr.2008.12.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1342-937X">1342-937X</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFNguuriGoreJamesWebb2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Nguuri</span>, T. K.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gore</span>, J.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">James</span>, D. E.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Webb</span>, S. J.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wright</span>, C. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2000GL012587">Crustal structure beneath southern Africa and its implications for the formation and evolution of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons</a>» (en anglès). <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, 28, 13, 01-07-2001, pàg. 2501–2504. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029%2F2000GL012587">10.1029/2000GL012587</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHoffman1988"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hoffman</span>, P F «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.ea.16.050188.002551">United Plates of America, The Birth of a Craton: Early Proterozoic Assembly and Growth of Laurentia</a>» (en anglès). <i>Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences</i>, 16, 1, 5-1988, pàg. 543–603. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.ea.16.050188.002551">10.1146/annurev.ea.16.050188.002551</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0084-6597">0084-6597</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Martin J. Van Kranendonk, Vickie Bennett, Elis Hoffmann. <i>Earth's Oldest Rocks</i> (en anglès). 2a edició.  Elsevier, 26-09-2018, p. 401. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780444639028" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780444639028">ISBN 9780444639028</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earth%27s+Oldest+Rocks&rft.au=Martin+J.+Van+Kranendonk%2C+Vickie+Bennett%2C+Elis+Hoffmann&rft.date=26-09-2018&rft.edition=2a%C2%A0edici%C3%B3&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.pages=401&rft.isbn=9780444639028"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4165536-9">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85033780">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crató&oldid=34080434">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crató&oldid=34080434</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Tect%C3%B2nica" title="Categoria:Tectònica">Tectònica</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categories ocultes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_enlla%C3%A7_commonscat_des_de_Wikidata" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata">Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Control_d%27autoritats" title="Categoria:Control d'autoritats">Control d'autoritats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 3 oct 2024 a les 10:01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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