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<span>Ruler of Patiala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ruler_of_Patiala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ruler of Patiala subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ruler_of_Patiala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Raja_of_Patiala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raja_of_Patiala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Raja of Patiala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raja_of_Patiala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policies_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policies_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Policies and administration</span> </div> </a> <ul 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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Ala Singh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2b%C3%A2_%C3%82l%C3%A2_Singh" title="Bâbâ Âlâ Singh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bâbâ Âlâ Singh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="महाराजा आला सिंह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महाराजा आला सिंह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਆਲਾ ਸਿੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਆਲਾ ਸਿੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE" title="بابا اعلا سنگھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بابا اعلا سنگھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%85" title="Ала Сингх – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ала Сингх" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Founder and first ruler of Patiala</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Ala Singh</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> of <a href="/wiki/Patiala_State" title="Patiala State">Patiala</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Painting_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_in_tondo,_Pahari_School,_ca.1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Painting_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_in_tondo%2C_Pahari_School%2C_ca.1880.jpg/220px-Painting_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_in_tondo%2C_Pahari_School%2C_ca.1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Painting_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_in_tondo%2C_Pahari_School%2C_ca.1880.jpg/330px-Painting_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_in_tondo%2C_Pahari_School%2C_ca.1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Painting_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_in_tondo%2C_Pahari_School%2C_ca.1880.jpg/440px-Painting_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_in_tondo%2C_Pahari_School%2C_ca.1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Patiala" title="Maharaja of Patiala">Maharaja of Patiala</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1763 – 7 August 1765</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Investiture</th><td class="infobox-data">1763</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_of_Patiala" title="Amar Singh of Patiala">Amar Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1691<br /><a href="/wiki/Rampura_Phul" title="Rampura Phul">Phul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1765-08-07</span>)</span>7 August 1765</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Fateh Kaur</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sardaul Singh, Bumian Singh and Lal Singh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phulkian_dynasty" title="Phulkian dynasty">Phulkian dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Chowdari Ram Singh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Sabi Kaur</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ala Singh</b> (1691–1765) was the founder and first ruler of <a href="/wiki/Patiala_State" title="Patiala State">Patiala</a>. Singh was born into the <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Phulkian_dynasty" title="Phulkian dynasty">Phulkian dynasty</a>, which had an ancient lineage, being direct descendants of <a href="/wiki/Rawal_(title)" title="Rawal (title)">Rawal</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaisal_Singh" title="Jaisal Singh">Jaisal Singh</a>, the founder and ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jaisalmer" title="Kingdom of Jaisalmer">Kingdom of Jaisalmer</a> in the 12th century, and further back to <a href="/wiki/Rao_Bhatti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rao Bhatti">Rao Bhatti</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> king in the 3rd century.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:72_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rising to power through key battles in his early life, Singh expanded his territory in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an adult, Singh was constantly engaged in battles and war.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through warfare and diplomacy, Singh began to acquire territory that would form the foundations of <a href="/wiki/Patiala_State" title="Patiala State">Patiala State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1763, he established the city of <a href="/wiki/Patiala" title="Patiala">Patiala</a> and founded Patiala State.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh, at various times, had both adversarial and allied relations the <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmed Shah Durrani</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan" title="List of heads of state of Afghanistan">King</a> of the Durrani Empire, granted Singh the title of <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> and other royal powers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being granted the title of Raja, Singh became the first <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> monarch in history.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh was praised and criticised, both by his contemporaries and historians, for his shrewd and cunning policies and strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many in the <a href="/wiki/Dal_Khalsa_(Sikh_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)">Dal Khalsa</a> recognized his strength and pragmatism; however, they found him to be an unworthy Sikh, and clashes with the Dal Khalsa persisted throughout Singh's adult life.<sup id="cite_ref-Khushwant_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khushwant-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's reign ended with his death in 1765, and he was succeeded by his grandson, <a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_of_Patiala" title="Amar Singh of Patiala">Amar Singh</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lineage">Lineage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ala Singh was born into the <a href="/wiki/Phulkian_dynasty" title="Phulkian dynasty">Phulkian dynasty</a>, named after Chaudhary Phul Sidhu-Brar, Singh's paternal grandfather, who was also the common ancestor of the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Nabha_State" title="Nabha State">Nabha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jind_State" title="Jind State">Jind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faridkot_State" title="Faridkot State">Faridkot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh was a direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Rawal_(title)" title="Rawal (title)">Rawal</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaisal_Singh" title="Jaisal Singh">Jaisal Singh</a>, the founder and first ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jaisalmer" title="Kingdom of Jaisalmer">Kingdom of Jaisalmer</a> from 1156 to 1168.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's ancestry extends further back from Jaisal Singh, and he was also a direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Rao_Bhatti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rao Bhatti">Rao Bhatti</a>, a <a href="/wiki/3rd_century" title="3rd century">3rd-century</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> king.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mythological_ancestry">Mythological ancestry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythological ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descendants of <a href="/wiki/Rao_Bhatti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rao Bhatti">Rao Bhatti</a>, including the former and historical Patiala royal family, also claim to be direct descendants of <a href="/wiki/Yadu_(legendary_king)" title="Yadu (legendary king)">Yadu</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">mythological</a> Hindu monarch from whom Bhatti claimed descent.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu mythology</a>, Yadu was the founder of the mythological <a href="/wiki/Puru_and_Yadu_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Puru and Yadu Dynasties">Yadu dynasty</a>, a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">legendary</a> <a href="/wiki/Lunar_dynasty" title="Lunar dynasty">Lunar dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Candravaṃśa).<sup id="cite_ref-:72_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ala Singh was born in 1691 in <a href="/wiki/Rampura_Phul" title="Rampura Phul">Phul</a>, in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Bathinda" title="Bathinda">Bathinda</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>. He was born into the <a href="/wiki/Jat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat">Jat</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> Phulkian dynasty to Chaudhary Ram Singh of the <a href="/wiki/Phulkian_Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Phulkian Misl">Phulkian Misl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's mother was Sabi Kaur.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father had six children, from eldest to youngest: Dunna, Sabha, Ala, Bakhta, Buddha, Laddha.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the age of 16, Singh married Fateh Kaur.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kaur's cousin, Gurbaksh Singh Kaleke, later helped Singh found <a href="/wiki/Patiala_State" title="Patiala State">Patiala State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's father Ram, was killed by the sons of Chain Singh. He and his brother Subha later avenged their father by killing two of Chain Singh's sons.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battles,_conflicts_and_conquests"><span id="Battles.2C_conflicts_and_conquests"></span>Battles, conflicts and conquests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battles, conflicts and conquests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Raja_Ala_Singh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kingdom_of_Raja_Ala_Singh.jpg/220px-Kingdom_of_Raja_Ala_Singh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kingdom_of_Raja_Ala_Singh.jpg/330px-Kingdom_of_Raja_Ala_Singh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kingdom_of_Raja_Ala_Singh.jpg/440px-Kingdom_of_Raja_Ala_Singh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Kingdom of Raja Ala Singh </figcaption></figure><p>During his life, Singh engaged in many battles and conflicts in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab region</a>. The Battle of Barnala in 1731 was a significant turning point in Singh's life. In the battle, Singh, along with the <a href="/wiki/Majha" title="Majha">Majha</a> Sikhs led by Kapur Singh, faced off against a confederacy of neighboring Muslim chiefs.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His victory in this conflict established him as one of the prominent chiefs in the <a href="/wiki/Cis-Sutlej_states" title="Cis-Sutlej states">Cis-Sutlej</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the last 1730s and the early 1740s, Singh was in conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhatti" title="Bhatti">Bhattis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1749, he built a fortress in <a href="/wiki/Bhawanigarh" title="Bhawanigarh">Bhawanigarh</a> and led an expedition to Bhatinda where he conquered territory for himself and his then expanding domain.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1759, Singh, along with his son Lal Singh, managed to break the stalemate with the Muslim Bhattis and defeated them in a battle at Dharsul.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts_with_the_Durrani_Empire">Conflicts with the Durrani Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conflicts with the Durrani Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Singh had numerous conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghan</a> <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a>. In 1748, Singh plundered <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmed Shah Durrani</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan" title="List of heads of state of Afghanistan">King</a> of the Durrani Empire, and in 1757, he plundered Ahmed Shah Durrani's son, <a href="/wiki/Timur_Shah_Durrani" title="Timur Shah Durrani">Taimur Shah Durrani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1760, he supplied grain to the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Maratha Confederacy</a> during their conflicts against the Durrani Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <i><a href="/wiki/Vadda_Ghalughara" title="Vadda Ghalughara">Vadda Ghalughara</a></i> in April 1762, Singh did not assist other Sikhs during the massacre by the Durrani Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stayed neutral during the events and did not initiate hostilities against the Durrani Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Singh's neutrality did not benefit him as Ahmed Shah Durrani, who was told that Singh was secretly an ally of the Majha Sikhs by Zain Khan and Bikhan Khan, would later burn the city of <a href="/wiki/Barnala" title="Barnala">Barnala</a> and advances upon <a href="/wiki/Bhawanigarh" title="Bhawanigarh">Bhawanigarh</a>, where Singh had fortified himself.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh sought the help of <a href="/wiki/Najib_ad-Dawlah" title="Najib ad-Dawlah">Najib-ud-Daula</a>, the Mughal Empire's Administrator of Delhi, and was forced to pay a humiliating fee of five lakh rupees as a tribute and an additional twenty-five thousand rupees for permission to appear before Ahmed Shah Durrani with his <a href="/wiki/Kesh_(Sikhism)" title="Kesh (Sikhism)">long hair</a> intact.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh was later detained for a short period of time but was released on the promise that his territory would pay an annual tribute to the Durrani Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruler_of_Patiala">Ruler of Patiala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ruler of Patiala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_State_from_the_Sheesh_Mahal_of_the_Qila_Mubarak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mural_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_State_from_the_Sheesh_Mahal_of_the_Qila_Mubarak.jpg/220px-Mural_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_State_from_the_Sheesh_Mahal_of_the_Qila_Mubarak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="423" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mural_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_State_from_the_Sheesh_Mahal_of_the_Qila_Mubarak.jpg/330px-Mural_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_State_from_the_Sheesh_Mahal_of_the_Qila_Mubarak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Mural_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_State_from_the_Sheesh_Mahal_of_the_Qila_Mubarak.jpg/440px-Mural_of_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala_State_from_the_Sheesh_Mahal_of_the_Qila_Mubarak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>Mural of Ala Singh (seated left) holding <a href="/wiki/Durbar_(court)" title="Durbar (court)">durbar</a> (court) from the Sheesh Mahal of the Qila Mubarak</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raja_of_Patiala">Raja of Patiala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Raja of Patiala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1758, Singh's successful conquests of cities and villages had established him as a dominant figure in the <a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Karam_Singh_(historian)" title="Karam Singh (historian)">Karam Singh</a>, this period marked his transition from a <a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a> chief to <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> kingship.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the beginning of the 1760s, Singh had conquered a considerable amount of territory in Punjab, including <a href="/wiki/Sunam" title="Sunam">Sunam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samana,_India" title="Samana, India">Samana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banur" title="Banur">Banur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghuram" title="Ghuram">Ghuram</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanaur" title="Sanaur">Sanaur</a>, and his capital was located in Barnala.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1763, Ala Singh at the age of 57, founded of the city of <a href="/wiki/Patiala" title="Patiala">Patiala</a> and laid the foundations of <a href="/wiki/Patiala_State" title="Patiala State">Patiala State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Patiala, he also built <a href="/wiki/Qila_Mubarak,_Patiala" title="Qila Mubarak, Patiala">Qila Mubarak</a> in 1763, which was initially constructed as a mud fortress and later reconstructed with bricks.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1764, while leading the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Confederacy" title="Sikh Confederacy">Sikh Confederacy</a> against the Durrani Empire, he <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirhind_(1764)" title="Battle of Sirhind (1764)">conquered Sirhind</a> and the surrounding territories along with his close friend <a href="/wiki/Nanu_Singh_Saini" title="Nanu Singh Saini">Nanu Singh Saini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh later purchased part of the Sirhind for 25,000 <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">rupees</a> from the Sikh Confederacy, which enlarged his territory and formed the early territories of Patiala State.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also shifted his capital from Barnala to the city of Patiala in 1764.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1765, Durrani granted Ala Singh the title of <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robe_of_honour" title="Robe of honour">robe of honour</a> and the right to <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mint coinage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Rajmohan_Gandhi" title="Rajmohan Gandhi">Rajmohan Gandhi</a>, by accepting the title of Raja from Durrani, Ala Singh became the first Sikh monarch in history and, by 1765, the most powerful Sikh in Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time as the ruler of Patiala, Singh's territory also extended to <a href="/wiki/Karnal" title="Karnal">Karnal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanesar" title="Thanesar">Thanesar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policies_and_administration">Policies and administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Policies and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Singh and other Sikh leaders were noted for forming beneficial alliances and gaining concessions from more powerful empires that were competing for dominance in Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Singh, during his time the as the Raja of Patiala, was particularly noted for particularly being shrewd and cunning in his foreign policy and military policy.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He managed to simultaneously maintain cordial relations with the Mughal Empire, Maratha Confederacy, Durrani Empire and the <a href="/wiki/Dal_Khalsa_(Sikh_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)">Dal Khalsa</a>, all whom were competing for power and dominance in Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Singh's foreign and military policies were criticised by and angered the Dal Khalsa. In early 1765, the Dal Khalsa, angered by Singh's relations with the Durrani Empire and his royal titles, attacked Patiala State.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patiala's army and the Dal Khalsa's army clashed in Patiala State's northern territories; however, peace was quickly brokered by <a href="/wiki/Jassa_Singh_Ahluwalia" title="Jassa Singh Ahluwalia">Jassa Singh Ahluwalia</a>, the leader of the Dal Khalsa.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's military policies involved building and maintaining <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortresses</a> in strategic locations.<sup id="cite_ref-:722_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:722-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Singh's ruler, the Patiala army consisted primarily of <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">horseback</a> <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> that was transported by camels.<sup id="cite_ref-:722_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:722-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh's administration was secular, and he had Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims in high administrative positions.<sup id="cite_ref-:722_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:722-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having seen several famines in his lifetime, Singh focused extensively on <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_management" title="Land management">land management</a> and cultivation. His extensive cultivation efforts led to the founding, rehabilitation, resettlement, and reclamation of many villages, ultimately resulting in the conquest of other villages and significantly increasing agricultural output.<sup id="cite_ref-:722_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:722-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This not only boosted his finances and provided surplus grains for future emergencies but also secured the loyalty of the inhabitants of his territories.<sup id="cite_ref-:722_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:722-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh's agricultural success enabled him to support political allies with provisions during critical times, which included the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II in 1758 and the Maratha Confederacy during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Third Battle of Panipat</a> in 1761.<sup id="cite_ref-:722_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:722-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_succession">Death and succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 August 1765, Singh died of a fever at the age of 74.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by his grandson <a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_of_Patiala" title="Amar Singh of Patiala">Amar Singh</a>, who later gained the title Raja-e Rajgan, his three sons having predeceased him.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sardaul Singh the eldest died in 1753, Bhumian Singh died in 1742 and Lal Singh the youngest died in 1748.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Singh's descendants were the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Patiala" title="Maharaja of Patiala">rulers of Patiala</a> until 1947, when <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">India gained independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. His descendants who had royal titles retained them until 1971, when they were abolished through the <a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">26th Amendment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Letter_written_by_Baba_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Letter written by Baba Ala Singh of Patiala"><img alt="Letter written by Baba Ala Singh of Patiala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Letter_written_by_Baba_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala.jpg/120px-Letter_written_by_Baba_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Letter_written_by_Baba_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala.jpg/180px-Letter_written_by_Baba_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Letter_written_by_Baba_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala.jpg/240px-Letter_written_by_Baba_Ala_Singh_of_Patiala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2313" data-file-height="1919" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Letter written by Baba Ala Singh of Patiala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darbar_of_Baba_Ala_Singh,_Patiala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Darbar of Baba Ala Singh in Patiala"><img alt="Darbar of Baba Ala Singh in Patiala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Darbar_of_Baba_Ala_Singh%2C_Patiala.jpg/90px-Darbar_of_Baba_Ala_Singh%2C_Patiala.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Darbar_of_Baba_Ala_Singh%2C_Patiala.jpg/135px-Darbar_of_Baba_Ala_Singh%2C_Patiala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Darbar_of_Baba_Ala_Singh%2C_Patiala.jpg/180px-Darbar_of_Baba_Ala_Singh%2C_Patiala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Durbar_(court)" title="Durbar (court)">Darbar</a></i> of Baba Ala Singh in Patiala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%80%9CMaharaja_Ala_Singh,_founder_of_Patiala_state_ruled_still_A.D._1765%E2%80%9D_from_a_set_of_portraits_of_six_maharajas_(rulers)_of_Patiala_State,_late_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maharaja Ala Singh, founder of Patiala state, ruled until 1765. The portrait is from a set of portraits of six maharajas (rulers) of Patiala State, late 19th century"><img alt="Maharaja Ala Singh, founder of Patiala state, ruled until 1765. The portrait is from a set of portraits of six maharajas (rulers) of Patiala State, late 19th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E2%80%9CMaharaja_Ala_Singh%2C_founder_of_Patiala_state_ruled_still_A.D._1765%E2%80%9D_from_a_set_of_portraits_of_six_maharajas_%28rulers%29_of_Patiala_State%2C_late_19th_century.jpg/86px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E2%80%9CMaharaja_Ala_Singh%2C_founder_of_Patiala_state_ruled_still_A.D._1765%E2%80%9D_from_a_set_of_portraits_of_six_maharajas_%28rulers%29_of_Patiala_State%2C_late_19th_century.jpg/128px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/%E2%80%9CMaharaja_Ala_Singh%2C_founder_of_Patiala_state_ruled_still_A.D._1765%E2%80%9D_from_a_set_of_portraits_of_six_maharajas_%28rulers%29_of_Patiala_State%2C_late_19th_century.jpg/171px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maharaja Ala Singh, founder of Patiala state, ruled until 1765. The portrait is from a set of portraits of six maharajas (rulers) of Patiala State, late 19th century</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBondWright2006" class="citation book cs1">Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC"><i>Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey</i></a>. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 232–242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1965-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1965-4"><bdi>978-81-206-1965-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240620210317/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_States/47sfj8DUwNgC?hl=en&gbpv">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+States%3A+A+Biographical%2C+Historical%2C+and+Administrative+Survey&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=232-242&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-206-1965-4&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft.au=Wright%2C+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D47sfj8DUwNgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:23_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBondWright2006" class="citation book cs1">Bond, J. W.; Wright, Arnold (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC"><i>Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey</i></a>. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1965-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-206-1965-4"><bdi>978-81-206-1965-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240620210317/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_States/47sfj8DUwNgC?hl=en&gbpv">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+States%3A+A+Biographical%2C+Historical%2C+and+Administrative+Survey&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-206-1965-4&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft.au=Wright%2C+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D47sfj8DUwNgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:72-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:72_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:72_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:72_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:72_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2005" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kirpal (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BabaAlaSingh"><i>Baba Ala Singh: Founder of Patiala Kingdom</i></a> (2nd ed.). Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University. pp. 113–120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baba+Ala+Singh%3A+Founder+of+Patiala+Kingdom&rft.place=Amritsar&rft.pages=113-120&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Guru+Nanak+Dev+University&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kirpal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBabaAlaSingh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghSingh2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Singh, Teja; Singh, Ganda (2006). "Sixth invasion of Durrani and second Holocaust". <i>A Short History of the Sikhs</i>. Vol. 1 (1469–1765). Publication Bureau of Punjabi University, Patiala. pp. 162–164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8173800073" title="Special:BookSources/8173800073"><bdi>8173800073</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sixth+invasion+of+Durrani+and+second+Holocaust&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Sikhs&rft.pages=162-164&rft.pub=Publication+Bureau+of+Punjabi+University%2C+Patiala&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=8173800073&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Teja&rft.au=Singh%2C+Ganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wooZAAAAYAAJ"><i>Imperial Gazetteer of India</i></a>. Vol. XX. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 134–135. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710130731/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India/wooZAAAAYAAJ?hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=134-135&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwooZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1990" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Ganda (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/SardarJassaSinghAhluwalia"><i>Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia</i></a>. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 97–98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sardar+Jassa+Singh+Ahluwalia&rft.place=Patiala&rft.pages=97-98&rft.pub=Punjabi+University&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Ganda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSardarJassaSinghAhluwalia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l-Q2AQAAMAAJ"><i>Punjab District and State Gazetteers: Part A]</i></a>. Part 1. Vol. XVII.A. Punjab Government Press. 1900. pp. 46–52. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240620210206/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Punjab_District_and_State_Gazetteers/l-Q2AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab+District+and+State+Gazetteers%3A+Part+A%5D.&rft.series=Part+1&rft.pages=46-52&rft.pub=Punjab+Government+Press&rft.date=1900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl-Q2AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVSM2018" class="citation book cs1">VSM, D. S. Saggu (7 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ghlfDwAAQBAJ"><i>Battle Tactics And War Manoeuvres of the Sikhs</i></a>. Chennai: Notion Press. pp. 125–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64249-006-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64249-006-0"><bdi>978-1-64249-006-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230713053515/https://books.google.com/books?id=ghlfDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+Tactics+And+War+Manoeuvres+of+the+Sikhs&rft.place=Chennai&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=Notion+Press&rft.date=2018-06-07&rft.isbn=978-1-64249-006-0&rft.aulast=VSM&rft.aufirst=D.+S.+Saggu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DghlfDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamusack2004" class="citation book cs1">Ramusack, Barbara N. (8 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC"><i>The Indian Princes and their States</i></a>. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44908-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44908-3"><bdi>978-1-139-44908-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indian+Princes+and+their+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004-01-08&rft.isbn=978-1-139-44908-3&rft.aulast=Ramusack&rft.aufirst=Barbara+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKz1-mtazYqEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGandhi2013" class="citation book cs1">Gandhi, Rajmohan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/punjab-a-history-from-aurangzeb-to-mountbatten_202206"><i>Punjab A History From Aurangzeb To Mountbatten</i></a>. New Delhi: Aleph Book Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab+A+History+From+Aurangzeb+To+Mountbatten&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Aleph+Book+Company&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=Rajmohan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpunjab-a-history-from-aurangzeb-to-mountbatten_202206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khushwant-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khushwant_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2017" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Khushwant (15 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q82MDgAAQBAJ"><i>Captain Amarinder Singh: The People's Maharaja: An Authorized Biography</i></a>. Hay House, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-85827-44-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-85827-44-0"><bdi>978-93-85827-44-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Captain+Amarinder+Singh%3A+The+People%27s+Maharaja%3A+An+Authorized+Biography&rft.pub=Hay+House%2C+Inc&rft.date=2017-02-15&rft.isbn=978-93-85827-44-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Khushwant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ82MDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingha2000" class="citation book cs1">Singha, H. S. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C"><i>The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)</i></a>. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7010-301-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7010-301-1"><bdi>978-81-7010-301-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240620210538/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Encyclopedia_of_Sikhism_over_1000_En/gqIbJz7vMn0C?hl=en&gbpv">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Sikhism+%28over+1000+Entries%29&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Hemkunt+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-7010-301-1&rft.aulast=Singha&rft.aufirst=H.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgqIbJz7vMn0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xt21AAAAIAAJ"><i>Punjab District Gazetteers: Bathinda</i></a>. Chandigarh: Revenue Department, Punjab. 1992. p. 37. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240717215211/https://books.google.com/books?id=Xt21AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab+District+Gazetteers%3A+Bathinda&rft.place=Chandigarh&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Revenue+Department%2C+Punjab&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXt21AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vIoBAAAAMAAJ"><i>The New India</i></a>. Times Publishing Company. 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240717215211/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIoBAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+India&rft.pub=Times+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvIoBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:9_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrivastava1991" class="citation book cs1">Srivastava, Sanjeev Prasad (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oLZWAAAAMAAJ"><i>Art and Cultural Heritage of Patiala</i></a>. New Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85067-66-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85067-66-7"><bdi>978-81-85067-66-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240717215211/https://books.google.com/books?id=oLZWAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Cultural+Heritage+of+Patiala&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Sundeep+Prakashan&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-81-85067-66-7&rft.aulast=Srivastava&rft.aufirst=Sanjeev+Prasad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoLZWAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Ravneet (28 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/historian-spots-tomb-of-ala-singh-s-father-690665">"Historian spots tomb of Ala Singh's father"</a>. <i>The Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Historian+spots+tomb+of+Ala+Singh%27s+father&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Ravneet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Farchive%2Fchandigarh%2Fhistorian-spots-tomb-of-ala-singh-s-father-690665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2005" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kirpal (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BabaAlaSingh"><i>Baba Ala Singh: Founder of Patiala Kingdom</i></a> (2nd ed.). Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University. pp. 8–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baba+Ala+Singh%3A+Founder+of+Patiala+Kingdom&rft.place=Amritsar&rft.pages=8-15&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Guru+Nanak+Dev+University&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kirpal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBabaAlaSingh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaur_Grewal2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kaur Grewal, Gurkiranjii (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/ThePunjabPastAndPresent-Volume43Part2">"Political and Ideological Role of Baba Ala Singh and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia"</a>. <i>The Punjab Past and Present</i>. <b>43</b> (2). Patiala: Punjabi University, Patiala: 35–36 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Punjab+Past+and+Present&rft.atitle=Political+and+Ideological+Role+of+Baba+Ala+Singh+and+Jassa+Singh+Ahluwalia&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=35-36&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Kaur+Grewal&rft.aufirst=Gurkiranjii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FThePunjabPastAndPresent-Volume43Part2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVpXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Patiala and Its Historical Surroundings: Being a Souvenir Issued on the Occasion of the Twenty-ninth Annual Session of the Indian History Congress Held at Patiala from December 30, 1967, to January 1, 1968</i></a>. Patiala: Punjabi University, Department of History and Punjab Historical Studies. 1967. p. 22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710130802/https://books.google.com/books?id=FVpXAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patiala+and+Its+Historical+Surroundings%3A+Being+a+Souvenir+Issued+on+the+Occasion+of+the+Twenty-ninth+Annual+Session+of+the+Indian+History+Congress+Held+at+Patiala+from+December+30%2C+1967%2C+to+January+1%2C+1968&rft.place=Patiala&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Punjabi+University%2C+Department+of+History+and+Punjab+Historical+Studies&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVpXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRambani2017" class="citation web cs1">Rambani, Vishal (29 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/plan-to-get-punjab-cm-captain-amarinder-singh-s-ancestral-house-qila-mubarak-on-unesco-heritage-site-list/story-f9GgqXgDO7HoRnuKc9kjmI.html">"Plan to get CM Amarinder's ancestral house, Qila Mubarak, on UNESCO heritage site list"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240630114016/https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/plan-to-get-punjab-cm-captain-amarinder-singh-s-ancestral-house-qila-mubarak-on-unesco-heritage-site-list/story-f9GgqXgDO7HoRnuKc9kjmI.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+to+get+CM+Amarinder%27s+ancestral+house%2C+Qila+Mubarak%2C+on+UNESCO+heritage+site+list&rft.date=2017-05-29&rft.aulast=Rambani&rft.aufirst=Vishal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fpunjab%2Fplan-to-get-punjab-cm-captain-amarinder-singh-s-ancestral-house-qila-mubarak-on-unesco-heritage-site-list%2Fstory-f9GgqXgDO7HoRnuKc9kjmI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1990" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Ganda (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/SardarJassaSinghAhluwalia"><i>Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia</i></a>. Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 162–163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sardar+Jassa+Singh+Ahluwalia&rft.place=Patiala&rft.pages=162-163&rft.pub=Punjabi+University&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Ganda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSardarJassaSinghAhluwalia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:722-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:722_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:722_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:722_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:722_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:722_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:722_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2005" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kirpal (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BabaAlaSingh"><i>Baba Ala Singh: Founder of Patiala Kingdom</i></a> (2nd ed.). Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University. pp. 92–97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baba+Ala+Singh%3A+Founder+of+Patiala+Kingdom&rft.place=Amritsar&rft.pages=92-97&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Guru+Nanak+Dev+University&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kirpal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBabaAlaSingh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2005" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kirpal (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BabaAlaSingh"><i>Baba Ala Singh: Founder of Patiala Kingdom</i></a> (2nd ed.). Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University. pp. 113–120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baba+Ala+Singh%3A+Founder+of+Patiala+Kingdom&rft.place=Amritsar&rft.pages=113-120&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Guru+Nanak+Dev+University&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kirpal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBabaAlaSingh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ala_Singh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2005" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kirpal (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/baba-ala-singh-founder-of-patiala-kingdom-IDK270/"><i>Baba Ala Singh : founder of Patiala kingdom</i></a> (2nd ed.). Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8177701053" title="Special:BookSources/8177701053"><bdi>8177701053</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baba+Ala+Singh+%3A+founder+of+Patiala+kingdom&rft.place=Amritsar&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Guru+Nanak+Dev+University&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=8177701053&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kirpal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exoticindiaart.com%2Fbook%2Fdetails%2Fbaba-ala-singh-founder-of-patiala-kingdom-IDK270%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAla+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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