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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Sebelum+Masehi" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Sebelum+Masehi" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Sebelum+Masehi" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Sebelum+Masehi" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_Penanggalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_Penanggalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Penggunaan Penanggalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_Penanggalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kronologi_Sejarah_Sebelum_Masehi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kronologi_Sejarah_Sebelum_Masehi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kronologi Sejarah Sebelum Masehi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kronologi_Sejarah_Sebelum_Masehi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kronologi Sejarah Sebelum Masehi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kronologi_Sejarah_Sebelum_Masehi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prasejarah_(hingga_sekitar_3000_SM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prasejarah_(hingga_sekitar_3000_SM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Prasejarah (hingga sekitar 3000 SM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prasejarah_(hingga_sekitar_3000_SM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Kuno_Awal_(sekitar_3000–1000_SM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Kuno_Awal_(sekitar_3000–1000_SM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Zaman Kuno Awal (sekitar 3000–1000 SM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Kuno_Awal_(sekitar_3000–1000_SM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zaman_Kuno_Akhir_(sekitar_1000–1_SM)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaman_Kuno_Akhir_(sekitar_1000–1_SM)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Zaman Kuno Akhir (sekitar 1000–1 SM)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaman_Kuno_Akhir_(sekitar_1000–1_SM)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_Penanggalan_Alternatif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_Penanggalan_Alternatif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sistem Penanggalan Alternatif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistem_Penanggalan_Alternatif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perkembangan_Penggunaan_dan_Standar_Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perkembangan_Penggunaan_dan_Standar_Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Perkembangan Penggunaan dan Standar Modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perkembangan_Penggunaan_dan_Standar_Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sebelum Masehi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 3 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="قبل الميلاد – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قبل الميلاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="قبل الميلاد – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قبل الميلاد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Send_n_tlallit" title="Send n tlallit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Send n tlallit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27425128#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sebelum_Masehi" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sebelum_Masehi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sebelum_Masehi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Sebelum_Masehi" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Sebelum_Masehi" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&oldid=26269172" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Sebelum_Masehi&id=26269172&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSebelum_Masehi"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSebelum_Masehi"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sebelum+Masehi"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sebelum_Masehi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27425128" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Sebutan "Sebelum Masehi" (SM)</b> adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk merujuk pada tahun-tahun dalam <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Julian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Julian">kalender Julian</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Gregorius" title="Kalender Gregorius">Gregorian</a> yang mendahului <a href="/wiki/Tahun_Masehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahun Masehi">Tahun Masehi</a> (<i>Anno Domini/AD</i>). Tahun "Sebelum Masehi" mengacu pada periode waktu sebelum kelahiran <a href="/wiki/Yesus_Kristus" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesus Kristus">Yesus Kristus</a>, yang digunakan sebagai titik awal era <a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">Masehi</a> dalam penanggalan <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>. Dalam sejarah, periode ini mencakup ribuan tahun yang diwarnai dengan berbagai perkembangan kebudayaan, peradaban, dan kemajuan manusia di seluruh dunia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologi">Terminologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Terminologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Terminologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah "Sebelum Masehi" adalah terjemahan dari "<i>Before Christ</i>" (BC) dalam bahasa Inggris. Penulisan yang setara dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> adalah "<i>ante Christum natum</i>" (a.C.n.), yang berarti "sebelum kelahiran Kristus". Sementara itu, dalam konteks akademis dan non-kristiani, istilah ini sering digantikan dengan "Sebelum Era Umum" (<i>Before Common Era, BCE</i>) yang memiliki makna yang sama tetapi netral secara religius. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggunaan_Penanggalan">Penggunaan Penanggalan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan Penanggalan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan Penanggalan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penggunaan penanggalan "Sebelum Masehi" (SM) mengikuti sistem angka tahun regresif, di mana tahun dihitung mundur dari tahun 1 Masehi (M). Sebagai contoh, tahun 500 SM adalah 500 tahun sebelum tahun 1 Masehi. Tidak ada tahun "0" dalam sistem ini, sehingga setelah tahun 1 SM, tahun berikutnya langsung adalah 1 M. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kronologi_Sejarah_Sebelum_Masehi">Kronologi Sejarah Sebelum Masehi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kronologi Sejarah Sebelum Masehi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kronologi Sejarah Sebelum Masehi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Periode "Sebelum Masehi" mencakup sejumlah fase penting dalam sejarah manusia, yang mencakup evolusi dan perkembangan manusia prasejarah, munculnya peradaban awal, serta berbagai kemajuan dalam seni, teknologi, dan politik. Beberapa era utama dalam periode ini termasuk: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prasejarah_(hingga_sekitar_3000_SM)"><span id="Prasejarah_.28hingga_sekitar_3000_SM.29"></span>Prasejarah (hingga sekitar 3000 SM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Prasejarah (hingga sekitar 3000 SM)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Prasejarah (hingga sekitar 3000 SM)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merupakan periode sebelum penemuan tulisan. Termasuk zaman <a href="/wiki/Paleolitikum" title="Paleolitikum">Paleolitikum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesolitikum" title="Mesolitikum">Mesolitikum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neolitikum" title="Neolitikum">Neolitikum</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Logam" title="Zaman Logam">Zaman Logam</a>. </p><p>Perkembangan manusia dari <a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">Homo habilis</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a>. </p><p>Penemuan alat batu, perkembangan pertanian, domestikasi hewan, dan pembentukan komunitas-komunitas awal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Kuno_Awal_(sekitar_3000–1000_SM)"><span id="Zaman_Kuno_Awal_.28sekitar_3000.E2.80.931000_SM.29"></span>Zaman Kuno Awal (sekitar 3000–1000 SM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman Kuno Awal (sekitar 3000–1000 SM)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zaman Kuno Awal (sekitar 3000–1000 SM)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pembentukan peradaban-peradaban awal di <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sumeria" title="Sumeria">Sumeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkadia" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadia">Akkadia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babilonia" title="Babilonia">Babilonia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mesir_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir kuno">Mesir kuno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lembah_Indus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembah Indus">Lembah Indus</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a>. </p><p>Penemuan tulisan seperti <a href="/wiki/Huruf_paku" class="mw-redirect" title="Huruf paku">huruf paku</a> di <a href="/wiki/Sumeria" title="Sumeria">Sumeria</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hieroglif" title="Hieroglif">hieroglif</a> di <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, yang menandai dimulainya sejarah tertulis. </p><p>Perkembangan kota-kota besar, agama terorganisir, sistem pemerintahan, hukum, dan peradaban yang kompleks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaman_Kuno_Akhir_(sekitar_1000–1_SM)"><span id="Zaman_Kuno_Akhir_.28sekitar_1000.E2.80.931_SM.29"></span>Zaman Kuno Akhir (sekitar 1000–1 SM)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Zaman Kuno Akhir (sekitar 1000–1 SM)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Zaman Kuno Akhir (sekitar 1000–1 SM)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Munculnya kerajaan besar seperti <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Persia" title="Kekaisaran Persia">Kekaisaran Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Maurya" title="Kekaisaran Maurya">Kekaisaran Maurya</a> di <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Qin">Kekaisaran Qin</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Han" class="mw-disambig" title="Han">Han</a> di <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a> dan Roma Kuno. </p><p>Penyebaran agama dan filsafat besar seperti <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, dan filsafat <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>. </p><p>Perang dan penaklukan besar yang membentuk <a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">geopolitik</a> kuno, seperti Penaklukan <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Agung" title="Aleksander Agung">Aleksander Agung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perang_Punisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Punisia">Perang Punisia</a>, dan pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem_Penanggalan_Alternatif">Sistem Penanggalan Alternatif</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Sistem Penanggalan Alternatif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sistem Penanggalan Alternatif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selain sistem "Sebelum Masehi", berbagai kebudayaan lain di dunia menggunakan sistem penanggalan sendiri berdasarkan peristiwa penting dalam sejarah mereka. Misalnya, <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Yahudi" title="Kalender Yahudi">kalender Yahudi</a> menggunakan perhitungan sejak penciptaan dunia menurut kitab Kejadian, <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Hijriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Hijriyah">kalender Hijriyah</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> dimulai dari tahun hijrah <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Muhammad">Nabi Muhammad</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Mekkah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekkah">Mekkah</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>, sementara <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Tiongkok">kalender Tiongkok</a> memiliki perhitungan yang berbeda berdasarkan siklus 60 tahun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perkembangan_Penggunaan_dan_Standar_Modern">Perkembangan Penggunaan dan Standar Modern</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Perkembangan Penggunaan dan Standar Modern" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perkembangan Penggunaan dan Standar Modern"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20, penggunaan "Sebelum Masehi" (BC) dan "<a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">Masehi</a>" (AD) menjadi standar dalam kebanyakan teks sejarah di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika">Amerika</a>, terutama yang berbasis pada tradisi <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>. Namun, istilah ini semakin digantikan dengan "<i>Sebelum Era Umum</i>" (BCE) dan "<i>Era Umum</i>" (CE) untuk mengakomodasi penggunaan yang lebih inklusif dan netral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <ol><li>Smith, J. M. (1999). An Introduction to Historical Dating Systems. Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Johnson, R. (2015). Chronology in Ancient and Medieval Times. Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>White, M. (2001). From Prehistory to History: A Timeline of the Ancient World. HarperCollins.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaurus" title="Dinosaurus">Dinosaurus</a> (SM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masehi" title="Masehi">Masehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_abad" title="Daftar abad">Daftar abad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-11_hingga_20" title="Abad ke-11 hingga 20">Abad ke-11 hingga 20</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&oldid=26269172">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sebelum_Masehi&oldid=26269172</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Waktu" title="Kategori:Waktu">Waktu</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 8 September 2024, pukul 13.42.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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