U.N. General Assembly High-Level Week 2024 : What Experts Are Looking For

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She previously served as senior editor/writer at the U.S. Institute of Peace in Washington, where she worked on issues including violent extremism, gender, and religion, and conducted research and program strategy work on Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine. A career journalist, she was an editor and reporter at Bloomberg News, including covering the State Department and the Pentagon for five years. Gienger lived and worked for seven years in the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and the Balkans, five years managing training programs and consulting for independent media in transition, and two years as a freelance journalist. She has reported from more than 30 countries, including in the Middle East and Asia, and has appeared as a guest commentator and moderator in television, radio, and podcasts. In October 2023, she gave the National Security Distinguished Lecture at the Baker School of Public Policy and Public Affairs at the University of Tennessee. Her freelance work has included writing and editing for the U.S. Institute of Peace, the Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, and the Wilson Center, and serving as guest national security editor at The Cipher Brief. Her writing also has been published in the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy's Fletcher Security Review, the Atlantic Council’s Ukraine Alert, Ozy, the Chicago Tribune, Newhouse’s Religion News Service, the Washington Post, the New York Times, Transitions Online and Al-Monitor. She is a judge in national journalism contests and a member of the National Press Club, Journalism & Women Symposium and the Society of Professional Journalists, where she serves on the board of the Washington DC SDX Foundation, which grants scholarships to journalism students. Gienger is also on LinkedIn.","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//i0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Just Security » Feed" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-C8GWL90XNK" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/www.justsecurity.org\/100259\/u-n-general-assembly-high-level-week-2024-what-experts-are-looking-for\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? 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General Assembly High-Level Week 2024 : What Experts Are Looking For </h1> </div> </div> </div><div class="columns-wrap pagewidth pw1400 clearfix"><div id="secondary-left" class="secondary"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p><p class="date">September 19, 2024</p><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-100259" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100259/u-n-general-assembly-high-level-week-2024-what-experts-are-looking-for/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-100259" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100259/u-n-general-assembly-high-level-week-2024-what-experts-are-looking-for/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-100259" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100259/u-n-general-assembly-high-level-week-2024-what-experts-are-looking-for/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100259/u-n-general-assembly-high-level-week-2024-what-experts-are-looking-for/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100259/u-n-general-assembly-high-level-week-2024-what-experts-are-looking-for/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to print (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/humanitarianism/" rel="tag">Humanitarianism</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/israel-hamas-war/" rel="tag">Israel-Hamas War</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/russia-ukraine/" rel="tag">Russia-Ukraine</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/sudan/" rel="tag">Sudan</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/summit-of-the-future/" rel="tag">Summit of the Future</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/sustainable-development-goals-sdgs/" rel="tag">Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/security-council/" rel="tag">UN Security Council</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/unga79/" rel="tag">UNGA79</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/united-nations/" rel="tag">United Nations</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/united-nations-general-assembly/" rel="tag">United Nations General Assembly</a></p></div></div><main id="primary" tabindex="-1" class="content-body clearfix" role="main"><article class="client-ui clearfix"><div class="print-authors"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p><p class="date">September 19, 2024</p></div><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The United Nations General Assembly plans a number of big-picture discussions for its annual </span><a href="https://www.un.org/en/high-level-week-2024"><span style="font-weight: 400;">high-level week</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> gathering some 150 global leaders in New York beginning Sept. 22. The issues include ways to “bolster global cooperation and adapt to current challenges effectively,“ how to reverse the </span><a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2024/SDGs_Report_Key_Findings_2024.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">backsliding </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">on the Sustainable Development Goals that were intended to push human progress worldwide, and an “International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons” at a time when global powers seem to be determined – or resigned – to expanding their arsenals instead.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The deep divides that have made global cooperation increasingly difficult in recent years are likely to continue to play out – the divisions between “the West” on the one hand and Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea on the other, those between wealthy countries and the rest, between democracies and autocracies. But U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres aims to reboot multilateralism with his </span><a href="https://summitofthefutureun.org/pact/chapter/a-more-multilateral-world"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Summit of the Future</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> on the eve of the high-level week. Against that backdrop, attention in formal sessions and on the sidelines also will be focused heavily on the crises of the day, such as the wars in Gaza, Ukraine, and Sudan.</span></p> <p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Just Security’s</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> continuing coverage of the runup to UNGA79 has included pieces by longtime U.N. watcher Richard Gowan of the International Crisis Group on the evolving draft “</span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98128/united-nations-pact-for-future/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pact of the Future</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">” and the coming session’s “</span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100137/united-nations-general-assembly-summit-2024/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">formal and informal agendas</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.” </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Here, another slate of pros analyze the prospective developments and what they’ll be looking for as the debates unfold: </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/khanyousufsyed"><b>Yousuf Syed Khan</b></a> <b>(</b><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__twitter.com_yousufsyedkhan&d=DwMFaQ&c=slrrB7dE8n7gBJbeO0g-IQ&r=JZwLRYy5ohjDpu4XJL_Qf2hS3DNnVr4l09kSgpJmOOs&m=I7ff4-WCnTZvRIzS70jU-rke3D3svEYTmqQLbLrvLu5zeywLSaBU2oq7Vb4QyqFq&s=bdsBNuu-rs_UalMw53pojkkuOVg6ZXeDdCu2tCOZ6uM&e="><b>@yousufsyedkhan</b></a><b>),</b><b> Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council (Strategic Litigation Project)</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As the U.N. General Assembly is geared to convene for its 79th session in New York, the “High-level Week 2024” comes at a time when the world is witnessing simultaneously at least three ongoing uses of starvation as a method of warfare, though each in different forms, namely in </span><a href="https://globalrightscompliance.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/20240612-Mariupol-ReportENG.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Ukraine</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-karim-aa-khan-kc-applications-arrest-warrants-situation-state"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gaza</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/prosecutor-international-criminal-court-expected-issue-arrest-warrants-soon"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sudan</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Regarding Ukraine, these acts may be continuing by virtue of Russia’s repeated attacks against </span><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15362.doc.htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">grain</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> silos and civilian </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/13/ukraine-daily-briefing-russia-accused-of-unprecedented-missile-attack-on-grain-ship-in-black-sea"><span style="font-weight: 400;">vessels</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and ongoing, </span><a href="https://globalrightscompliance.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20231115-Grain-Report-External.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">systematic pillage</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of grain during the occupation phase of its battles. As for Gaza, and while the International Criminal Court (ICC) has yet to issue possible arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant, including on </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96257/assessing-gaza-starvation"><span style="font-weight: 400;">starvation-related</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> charges, the U.N.’s Special Rapporteur on the right to food, Michael Fakhri, will be discussing his latest </span><a href="http://undocs.org/a/79/171"><span style="font-weight: 400;">report</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> on the starvation of civilians with the General Assembly on Sept. 18. Regarding Sudan, just two weeks ago, the Human Rights Council’s (HRC) mandated fact-finding mission released its first </span><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session57/advance-versions/A_HRC_57_23_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">report</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, in which it cited a July Famine Review Committee finding that “at least one in five (or 20 per cent) [of] people or households have an extreme lack of food and face starvation and destitution, resulting in extremely critical levels of acute malnutrition and death.” Similarly, on Sept. 17, U.S. President Joe Biden </span><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/09/17/statement-from-president-joe-biden-on-sudan"><span style="font-weight: 400;">acknowledged</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> that “famine has taken hold in Darfur,” and that El Fasher City, specifically, has been under siege for months.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While bringing to the fore the pernicious conduct of starvation as a method of warfare, </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96257/assessing-gaza-starvation"><span style="font-weight: 400;">associated starvation crimes</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and freedom from hunger, these three ongoing armed conflicts are likewise testing the influence of a polarized and paralyzed U.N. Security Council, with several of its resolutions, such as for a </span><a href="https://undocs.org/s/RES/2735(2024)"><span style="font-weight: 400;">ceasefire</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in Gaza, continuously ignored.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Slovenia is presiding over the Security Council this month, and its signature debate, scheduled for Sept. 25, is titled “Leadership for Peace,” at which all heads of state and government or foreign ministers are invited to participate. The “Leadership for Peace” debate will take place on day two of the Sept. 22 and 23 “Summit of the Future” speeches in the General Assembly, where more than 1,000 delegates from 193 countries will be meeting to negotiate three documents, among which is the “Pact for the Future,” with chapters on sustainable development. The current </span><a href="https://un-sotf.cdn.prismic.io/un-sotf/Zt8Z6hoQrfVKl3Ty_sotf-pact-for-the-future-rev.3.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">draft</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of the pact states, under Action 3, that “We will end hunger, eliminate food insecurity and all forms of malnutrition,” and acknowledges that “one-third of the world’s population remain food insecure.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Notably, the second of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is “zero hunger,” </span><a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">characterized by</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> achieving food security, improved nutrition, and the promotion of sustainable agriculture, and that member States “will respond to and tackle the </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">drivers</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of food insecurity and malnutrition.” (emphasis added)</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Aside from scaled-up humanitarian responses and financial aid, however, nowhere in the draft of the pact are the actual drivers of hunger mentioned explicitly. The 2022 update report on progress toward – or the lack of progress on – the SDG on zero hunger does </span><a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/img/info/Goal-2.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">reference</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Ukraine’s grain exports and how the conflict has impacted the world’s most destitute individuals.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Overall, it is vital to pay attention to how member States mention food in the context of armed conflict and food security, particularly at an unprecedented time when at least three countries across three different continents are experiencing starvation as a method of warfare. This comes against a backdrop of at least six different mechanisms mandated by the U.N. Human Rights Council having documented starvation as a method of warfare just in the past six years, namely: </span><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session56/a-hrc-56-26-auv.docx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Gaza</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/hrbodies/hrc/regularsessions/session38/documents/A_HRC_38_CRP_3_EN%20%281%29.pdf2C%20South%20Sudan"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Syria</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/A_HRC_42_CRP_1.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Yemen</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, </span><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/chreetiopia/A_HRC_54_55_AUV.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Tigray</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Ethiopia), </span><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session57/advance-versions/A_HRC_57_23_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sudan</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, and </span><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/A_HRC_45_CRP.3.pdf"><span style="font-weight: 400;">South Sudan</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (with findings on both Gaza and Sudan over the past three months alone). By the U.N.’s own determinations, then, these six contexts in which starvation has been documented as being attributable to the belligerents demand world attention and vigorous discussion and action, beyond mere token acknowledgment in the SDGs.</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/niaolainfionnuala/"><b>Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</b></a> <b>(</b><a href="https://twitter.com/NiAolainF"><b>@NiAolainF</b></a><b>)</b><b>, </b><b>Former U.N. Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in Countering Terrorism, concurrently Professor at University of Minnesota Law School and Queens University School of Law in Belfast, Northern Ireland. </b></p> <p>This is another year of low expectations and little hope we might exceed expectations. The singular global issue is peace, and its relentless absence. States, international institutions, and civil society alike are feeling chronic war fatigue, and a sense that conflict-ending sequences in obvious places like Ukraine, the Middle East, and Sudan as well as less prominent locales such as Syria, Mali, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Myanmar is simply beyond us. States and international institutions lack collective will and imagination to prevent, find ways towards, and effectively negotiate confidence building, ceasefires, and negotiations that conclude with tangible outcomes. Instead of a pause in warfare and destruction, they <a href="https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-exploding-pagers-hezbollah-syria-ce6af3c2e6de0a0dddfae48634278288">intensify relentlessly</a>.</p> <p>In this context of unrelenting violence, I echo the recent appeal by Cordula Droege, the <a href="https://blogs.icrc.org/law-and-policy/2024/07/18/war-and-what-we-make-of-the-law/">chief legal officer</a> of the International Committee of the Red Cross, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97582/war-law/">on <em>Just Security</em></a> for enforcement of international law, and the hope that States in massive numbers across all regional groups reject non-compliance, impunity, and skirting international law’s limits. Solidarity is needed to push back against the obstinacy and ignominy of State practices that make a mockery of the U.N. Charter’s core commitments to peace. Concrete and defined action to deliver impartial humanitarian access and demand the protection of civilians (i.e. not tolerating the actions of States that deliberately undermine these necessities) will be one clear litmus test of the relevance of the United Nations to those who need its protection the most.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.un.org/en/summit-of-the-future">Summit of the Future</a> takes place before UNGA high-level week. Finding agreement on the outcome document, now on <a href="https://www.un.org/en/summit-of-the-future/documents">revision 4</a>, has been tense for co-facilitators Germany and Namibia. Beyond the outcome document, ordinary people need reassurance that is not simply more talking shop, more cover for inaction, and more double-speak affirmed in New York and determinedly ignored in the practice of States. And while consensus on a document of any substance will be an achievement, what we should look for are concrete commitments by States to action that will “do” what is asked of them. That includes paying for what is needed to achieve the <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2024/SDGs_Report_Key_Findings_2024.pdf">sustainable development goals</a>, advance climate mitigation, and the meet the concrete realities of the polycrisis. Political resolve and political courage will be needed.</p> <p>Where does my hope lie? It sits with small countries that have, despite the odds, demonstrated singular leadership for the common good. Two country examples, not unsurprisingly led by formidable women ambassadors at the United Nations, illustrate the point. Costa Rica in recent years, under the inspiring leadership at the U.N. of <a href="https://www.unicef.org/executiveboard/media/9376/file/2022-Amb-Maritza_Chan-bio-EN-2022.08.26.pdf">Ambassador Maritza Chan-Valverde,</a> has led initiatives on arms control, disarmament, sustainable development, and the regulation of commercial spyware. Malta, currently a non-permanent member of the U.N. Security Council and also led by the <a href="https://missionsforeign.gov.mt/en/Embassies/Pr_New_York/Pages/The-Permanent-Representative.aspx#:~:text=Ambassador%20Frazier%20joined%20the%20Diplomatic,later%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Department.">impressive Ambassador Vanessa Frazier</a>, has shown consistent political courage and concluded the first Security Council resolution focused on the <a href="https://maltaineu.gov.mt/en/Pages/Press%20Releases/PR194.aspx#:~:text=It%20calls%20for%20the%20establishment,and%20unconditional%20release%20of%20hostages">humanitarian situation in Gaza</a> in November 2023. She also has been a passionate advocate for protecting children in armed conflict.</p> <p>The difference at UNGA and beyond can be made by the determined few, not by the inert many, and we should applaud and recognize those leaders who simply won’t tolerate the status quo.</p> <p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/odinkaluchidi/"><b>Chidi Odinkalu</b></a> <b>(</b><a href="https://twitter.com/ChidiOdinkalu"><b>@ChidiOdinkalu</b></a><b>),, Professor of Practice in International Human Rights Law, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">I am looking out for the Summit of the Future in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). I am also interested in what is not likely to be raised directly in the high-level week, even when it rises to the status of a crisis of international concern. For that, I am not holding my breath that Sudan will be mentioned, but even an omission of Sudan from the contributions during the week will be a very notable issue.</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/pomperstephen/"><b>Steve Pomper</b></a> <b>(</b><a href="https://twitter.com/StephenPomper"><b>@StephenPomper</b></a><b>)</b><b>,</b><b> Chief of Policy, International Crisis Group</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While it would go too far to say that diplomats working on the Sudan file have great expectations for UNGA’s annual high-level meeting, they do have hopes. The gathering comes just weeks before Sudan’s rainy season is expected to end. Clear skies will allow the ground to dry and open the door to renewed military operations in the country’s 18-month civil war, which has</span><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/08/12/sudan-at-cataclysmic-breaking-point-says-un-agency_6713969_4.html"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">claimed</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> tens of thousands of lives,</span><a href="https://www.iom.int/news/sudan-internal-displacement-set-top-10-million-famine-looms-iom"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">displaced</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> roughly 10 million people and risks fragmenting the country for decades. Fighting has already ticked up in the North Darfur city of El Fasher, leaving thousands caught in the crossfire. Diplomats worry that they are running out of time to broker at least a temporary deal between the warring parties – the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) – that would forestall the melee that could lie ahead. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hence the hopes for UNGA. To be sure, no one foresees that the various side meetings and bilaterals where Sudan will be discussed will deliver a major breakthrough on a peace plan or even a short-term ceasefire. SAF leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan will be in New York to deliver Sudan’s remarks at the General Debate but may well choose to make an appearance without engaging in any meaningful diplomacy. Still, UNGA presents an opportunity to generate diplomatic momentum and sharpen thinking on the potential components of a future political deal or package of measures to stabilize the country, and to alleviate humanitarian suffering in the meantime.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Some of those measures have a significant U.N. dimension. For example, almost four years after the once sprawling U.N.-African Union hybrid Darfur mission (UNAMID) shut its doors, and seven months after the civil war forced its successor assistance mission (UNITAMS) to wind down, member states are thinking about what kind of role a newly formed mission might play. Such talk is aspirational but reflects genuine interest. The Security Council asked the Secretary-General to outline some options in a report due in October, which will focus on how a civilian protection mission might come together. Should prospects for a force become more real, some envisage it as providing a measure of civilian and humanitarian protection in a collapsing state, while others see it as providing a buffer between the warring parties in Khartoum — which could be a necessary element of any future ceasefire. Still others suggest a multidimensional “Swiss-army knife” mission will be required. Absent a Chapter VII authorization, any U.N. mission will require the SAF’s permission (as Sudan’s U.N.-recognized sovereign) and some cooperation from both belligerents (to protect the force and allow it to operate effectively). None of this will come easily.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The United States reportedly also is thinking that this mission might be a good pilot for the new financing mechanism created under U.N. Security Council Resolution 2719, which allows the council to commit U.N.-assessed contributions toward the funding of African Union peace operations. It is not clear, though, whether this approach has much support in either Addis Ababa or New York, or that the U.N.-AU planning required to form a mission could be completed in any reasonable timeframe.</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;"> However it proceeds, U.S. diplomacy will require a delicate touch as any mission – whether U.N.-led or AU-led with U.N. financing – will need Security Council approval, allowing for a Russian or Chinese veto. Diplomats on the file quietly hope that if the SAF ultimately gives its approval to such a mission, and the AU can be brought on board, then Moscow and Beijing might choose not to be obstructionist. Again, this is a down-the-road scenario: U.S. proponents of a U.N. or AU mission in Sudan acknowledge that the most they can hope for from this UNGA is kickstarting conversations they would like to gain traction over the coming months.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sudan-related conversations in New York will also focus on keeping and expanding routes for humanitarian assistance to enter the country, given that the present volume of aid passing through the main crossing, at Adre on the Chad-Sudan border, is woefully insufficient. There may also be discussion about broadening the U.N. arms embargo that currently covers only Darfur, which some advocates would like to see broadened to the entire country. Even the staunchest proponents of such an expansion acknowledge it would be a long-term endeavor; indeed the Security Council declined to go in this direction when it renewed the existing arms embargo earlier this month.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Progress on these items would be welcome news, as would an indication of greater international engagement on ending the war. Humanitarians and others have struggled for a year and a half to move Sudan diplomacy up the global agenda. At last, that seems to be happening, thanks in no small part to the efforts of U.N. envoy Ramtane Lamamra and U.S. envoy Tom Perriello, both of whom have come to the Sudan file since the last UNGA. While Perriello’s effort to create a new political track in Geneva last month faltered when the SAF failed to show, it was good to see the U.S. risking a modest pratfall in the interests of advancing the ball. President Joe Biden’s</span><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/09/17/statement-from-president-joe-biden-on-sudan/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">statement</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> pressing the parties to end the war, issued a week before he will address the General Assembly, also sent a useful signal of high-level interest. Continued U.S. initiative, as well as senior-level support for the envoy, and a willingness to press U.S. security partners such as the United Arab Emirates and Egypt (whose support for the RSF and SAF, respectively, have fueled the conflict) will surely be needed if there is to be a breakthrough. Let’s hope that UNGA provides further evidence that U.S. efforts are gathering steam.</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/streetjordan/"><b>Jordan Street</b></a> <b>(</b><a href="https://twitter.com/jordan_street07"><b>@jordan_street07</b></a><b>)</b><b>, </b><b>Senior Policy and Advocacy Lead, Saferworld USA, and </b><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/calderjason/"><b>Jason Calder</b></a> <b> (</b><a href="https://twitter.com/JasonCalder15"><b>@JasonCalder15</b></a><b>),</b><b> Director, Saferworld USA</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">What we are focusing on? Sudan. We will be at the </span><a href="https://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative-september-2024-meeting/#participants/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Clinton Global Initiative</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> event on Monday to support the Call to Action on Sudan. Coordinated by the philanthropic collaborative Strengthening Local Humanitarian Leadership (LHL), the event aims to raise urgent funding for the humanitarian response in Sudan through </span><a href="https://mutualaidsudan.org/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">mutual aid groups</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Sudan is quietly becoming the site of radical changes in how aid is delivered through local groups that could have global implications. We will also be following the “</span><a href="https://www.unocha.org/events/high-level-ministerial-sudan-and-region"><span style="font-weight: 400;">High-level Ministerial UNGA event</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> — The Cost Of Inaction In Sudan: Working Together In Support Of The Humanitarian Situation In Sudan And The Region,” on Friday, Sept. 20</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">,</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and the proposed high-level meeting hosted by the United States with foreign ministers and other top officials from African nations and the Gulf States on Wed., Sept. 25. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">What we are avoiding? The </span><a href="https://www.un.org/en/summit-of-the-future"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Summit of the Future</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. There remains deep skepticism internally — and across many of our partners — of the U.N. Secretary-General’s rationale for pushing for such a summit in the fraught multilateral dynamics of 2024. The high-water mark of 2015, when U.N. member States agreed on the Sustainable Development Goals now seems like a distant dream. Nine years on, the possibility of a progressive, ambitious “</span><a href="https://www.un.org/en/summit-of-the-future/pact-for-the-future"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pact for the Future</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">” seems muted. As we type this – delegations from certain member States appear to be trying to remove references to human rights throughout the </span><a href="https://www.un.org/en/summit-of-the-future/pact-for-the-future-revisions"><span style="font-weight: 400;">draft text</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Whether or not there will actually be a pact to adopt at the summit is still hanging in the balance. We cannot help but think that all the time, energy, passion, and commitment that so many have invested in the process could have been better spent elsewhere.</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/thorntonlaura/"><b>Laura Thornton</b></a><b> (</b><a href="https://x.com/LauraLThornton?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor"><b>@LauraLThornton</b></a><b>), Senior Director of Global Democracy Programs, McCain Institute</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As world leaders gather in New York for UNGA’s “Summit for the Future,” I will be tracking how the discourse addresses – or doesn’t – a decade of democratic backsliding across the globe that has created a world in which fewer people live in </span><a href="https://freedomhouse.org/explore-the-map?type=fiw&year=2024"><span style="font-weight: 400;">free countries</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> than 10 years ago. According to the U.N.’s sustainable development goals (SDGs, specifically SDG target 16.7), countries </span><a href="https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal16"><span style="font-weight: 400;">should</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> “Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels,” but they are clearly falling short. It will be hard to deliver on UNGA’s </span><a href="https://summitofthefutureun.org/pact/chapter/a-more-multilateral-world"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Summit objective</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of “innovating our global systems” and making multilateralism more trustworthy if member States themselves are not selected and trusted by their own citizens and routinely suppress their freedoms. I’m interested whether UNGA can result in more concrete and clear demands for democracy, including language in the SDGs on free and fair elections and creation of a </span><a href="https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/unrod-campaign/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Special Rapporteur for Democracy</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, the </span><a href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/full-text"><span style="font-weight: 400;">U.N. Charter</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Article 2, 4) prohibits the threat or use of force in international relations and requires all member States to respect the sovereignty of other States. Within days of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the U.N. General Assembly overwhelmingly </span><a href="https://press.un.org/en/2022/ga12407.doc.htm"><span style="font-weight: 400;">adopted</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> a nonbinding resolution that Russia withdraw its forces from Ukraine. I will be watching now for language on Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine and how members approach the UNGA objective of “a more peaceful world.” Relatedly, will leaders make more forceful commitments to reform and bolster the U.N.’s peace and security architecture, or will the event once again demonstrate how hamstrung and impotent the U.N. has become. The U.N. is at a defining moment in re-asserting its relevance in preserving global security and providing concrete solutions. </span></p> <p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/tierneyjohn/"><b>John Tierney</b></a> <b>(</b><a href="https://twitter.com/RepTierney"><b>@reptierney</b></a><b>)</b><b>, Former U.S. Representative and Executive Director of the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation (</b><a href="https://twitter.com/Nukes_of_Hazard"><b>@nukes_of_hazard</b></a><b>) and the Council for a Livable World</b></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Top of mind concerns for the upcoming UNGA that one would hope the policy community would be concerned about foremost should include the great deal of disturbing rhetoric around international security these days. From Russian nuclear threats to irresponsible Chinese nuclear buildups, to some extremely callous voices at Project 2025 calling for </span><a href="https://thebulletin.org/2024/07/trump-has-a-strategic-plan-for-the-country-gearing-up-for-nuclear-war/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">more nuclear weapons</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, it seems the world may be headed in the wrong direction. Some irresponsible members of congress, including some senators who should know better, are advocating for arms build-ups despite history’s proof that such action is not wise.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Something is missing: arms control. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Even at the height of the Cold War, when ideological divides seemed irreversible, the leaders of the great powers grasped that the world needed an alternative to devastation. They put into place arrangements that helped lower the temperature and reduce the possibility of catastrophe. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The issues creating international tension in 2024 are complex and not easily resolved, but this should serve to highlight the importance of sensible risk reduction and dialogue to move us away from a perilous situation. Leaders of nuclear states should be able to agree that a nuclear arms race is not in anyone’s interest and commit to a new set of dialogues to avert one. Leaders have signed onto a </span><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/01/03/p5-statement-on-preventing-nuclear-war-and-avoiding-arms-races/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">statement </span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">echoing that of President Ronald Reagan and former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev asserting that a nuclear war cannot be won and therefore should never be waged. They are obligated by the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and their own promises to adhere to that intent.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Good arms control is never easy, but the benefits to pursuing it at this time far outweigh any costs. This year’s UNGA is the time to begin. Will we see leadership or equivocation?</span></p> <h6><em>IMAGE: Country flags outside of the United Nations headquarters in New York City. (via Getty Images)<br /> </em></h6> <div class="icon-end-post"></div><div class="mobile-post-tags"><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/humanitarianism/" rel="tag">Humanitarianism</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/israel-hamas-war/" rel="tag">Israel-Hamas War</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/russia-ukraine/" rel="tag">Russia-Ukraine</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/sudan/" rel="tag">Sudan</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/summit-of-the-future/" rel="tag">Summit of the Future</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/sustainable-development-goals-sdgs/" rel="tag">Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/security-council/" rel="tag">UN Security Council</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/unga79/" rel="tag">UNGA79</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/united-nations/" rel="tag">United Nations</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/united-nations-general-assembly/" rel="tag">United Nations General Assembly</a></p></div></div></article></main><div id="secondary-right" class="secondary" role="complementary"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/" class="button has-icon icon-pm">Signups for A.M. & P.M. 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Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/angelsamara/" title="Profile and articles by Samara Angel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Samara Angel</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/booneclare/" title="Profile and articles by Clare Boone" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clare Boone</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104130/rule-of-law-index-2024/">Rule of Law Index Shows Some Rays of Hope Amidst Continuing Global Recession</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/andersenelizabeth/" title="Profile and articles by Elizabeth Andersen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Elizabeth Andersen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/evangelidesalicia/" title="Profile and articles by Alicia Evangelides" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alicia Evangelides</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104036/heat-map-january-6th-defendants-2/">Heat Map of January 6th Defendants Across the United States</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103956/proud-boys-threat-assessment/">Proud Boys Threat Assessment: From the Planning of January 6th to Future Scenarios</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103773/top-10-election-litigation/">Top 10 Election Litigation Cases in 2024 Implicating the Rule of Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. 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Scott Adams</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 3rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103406/iran-israel-escalation/">Threats and Response Options in the Escalating Israel-Iran Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103380/un-future-pact-reform/">The UN’s New Pact for the Future: A Milestone That Can Set a Path for Change</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ponziorichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Ponzio" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Ponzio</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103339/artificial-intelligence-at-2024-united-nations/">AI at UNGA79: Recapping Key Themes</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88039/trumps-legal-and-political-calendar-all-the-dates-you-need-to-know/">Master Calendar of Trump Court Dates: Criminal and Civil Cases</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. 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Michael Kirby" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Hon. Michael Kirby</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98855/good-moral-character-trump-immigrants/">‘Good Moral Character?’ Holding Trump to the Same Standards as the Immigrants He Vilifies</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/chenedgar/" title="Profile and articles by Edgar Chen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Edgar Chen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rossdan/" title="Profile and articles by Dan Ross" class="author url fn" rel="author">Dan Ross</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/99069/artificial-intelligence-democracy-effects/">Don’t Downplay Risks of AI for Democracy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nosselsuzanne/" title="Profile and articles by Suzanne Nossel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Suzanne Nossel</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 28th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98844/dont-sanction-icc/">Don’t Sanction the ICC for Doing its Job</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mayamichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Maya" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Maya</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 27th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98895/presidential-immunity-congressional-contempt/">Presidential Immunity Decision May Have Implications for Congressional-Executive Divide on Criminal Contempt</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wrightandy/" title="Profile and articles by Andy Wright" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andy Wright</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98847/kursk-incursion-international-law/">Ukraine’s Incursion into Kursk Oblast: A Lawful Case of Defensive Invasion?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/omearachris/" title="Profile and articles by Chris O'Meara" class="author url fn" rel="author">Chris O'Meara</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98812/icc-amicus-brief-israel-palestine/">Expert Explainer: The US for the first time submits a formal brief to the International Criminal Court on the ‘Situation in Palestine’</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/buchwaldtodd/" title="Profile and articles by Todd Buchwald" class="author url fn" rel="author">Todd Buchwald</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98787/icc-disability-slave-trade/">Time for the International Criminal Court to Recognize Persons with Disabilities and the Slave Trade</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lordjanet/" title="Profile and articles by Janet Lord" class="author url fn" rel="author">Janet Lord</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/schwarzpace/" title="Profile and articles by Pace Schwarz" class="author url fn" rel="author">Pace Schwarz</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/smithmatthew/" title="Profile and articles by Matthew "Hezzy" Smith" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matthew "Hezzy" Smith</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/steinmichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Ashley Stein" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Ashley Stein</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greenalex/" title="Profile and articles by Alex Green" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alex Green</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kayessrosemary/" title="Profile and articles by Rosemary Kayess" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rosemary Kayess</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98801/podcast-international-law-israel-palestine/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Recent Response of International Law and Institutions in Palestine and Israel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/imseisardi/" title="Profile and articles by Ardi Imseis" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ardi Imseis</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hammourishahd/" title="Profile and articles by Shahd Hammouri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Shahd Hammouri</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kattanvictor/" title="Profile and articles by Victor Kattan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Victor Kattan</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/sirleafmatiangai/" title="Profile and articles by Matiangai Sirleaf" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matiangai Sirleaf</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98754/biden-end-iraq-war/">A Presidential Proclamation to End the Iraq War: Unilateral Executive Action to Defang a Zombie AUMF</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/finucanebrian/" title="Profile and articles by Brian Finucane" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brian Finucane</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98733/ukraine-icc-ratification/">Unforced Error: Article 124 and the Regrettable Caveat to Ukraine’s Proposed Ratification of the ICC Statute</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dannenbaumtom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Dannenbaum" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Dannenbaum</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98674/911-plea-deals-revoked/">Revoking the 9/11 Plea Deals: Human Rights Consequences</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/niaolainfionnuala/" title="Profile and articles by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Fionnuala Ní Aoláin</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98652/afghanistan-taliban-third-anniversary/">Collecting Just Security’s Afghanistan Coverage on Third Anniversary of Taliban Takeover</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98592/sudan-talks-deadlock/">Breaking the Deadlock: New Talks Needed to Help End Sudan’s Violence and Offer a Glimmer of Hope</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/abdulshafiquscondy/" title="Profile and articles by Quscondy Abdulshafi" class="author url fn" rel="author">Quscondy Abdulshafi</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 13th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98543/fara-sue-mi-terry/">The Perils of Expertise: How the DOJ Indictment of Sue Mi Terry Can Chill the Think Tank World</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/craiggregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory B. Craig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory B. Craig</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 12th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98501/israel-trans-border-torture/">Justice for Trans-border Torture Requires Rethinking the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction in the Israel-Palestine Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-natansmadar/" title="Profile and articles by Smadar Ben-Natan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Smadar Ben-Natan</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mannitamar/" title="Profile and articles by Itamar Mann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Itamar Mann</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 7th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98445/our-lives-depend-on-cloud/">Our Lives Depend on the Cloud. Now What?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/pendletonjohn/" title="Profile and articles by John Pendleton" class="author url fn" rel="author">John Pendleton</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/leviteariel/" title="Profile and articles by Ariel Levite" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ariel Levite</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 6th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98429/security-council-report-isis-qaeda/">Wake Up Call: UN Security Council’s Report on ISIS and al-Qaeda</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98378/podcast-assessing-laws-of-war/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Laws of War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/droegecordula/" title="Profile and articles by Cordula Droege" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cordula Droege</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98313/podcast-hostage-policy/">The Just Security Podcast: The Evolution of U.S. Hostage Policy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/foleydiane/" title="Profile and articles by Diane Foley" class="author url fn" rel="author">Diane Foley</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hartigluke/" title="Profile and articles by Luke Hartig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Luke Hartig</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98273/the-aftermath-of-the-haniyeh-killing-how-to-avoid-a-new-middle-east-war/">The Aftermath of the Haniyeh Killing: How to Avoid a New Middle East War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98261/disability-think-differently-trump/">Donald Trump’s Dangerous Views on Disability and the Power to Think Differently</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97738/just-security-analysis-supreme-court/">Collecting Just Security’s Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Term</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98205/prudential-trump-v-united-states/">A Prudential Way Forward in <i>Trump v. United States</i></a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bobbittphilip/" title="Profile and articles by Philip Bobbitt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Philip Bobbitt</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98091/negotiations-with-iran-now/">Space May be Opening for Negotiations with Iran</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brewgregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory Brew" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory Brew</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98128/united-nations-pact-for-future/">What the Draft UN “Pact for the Future” Tells Us About International Insecurity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gowanrichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Gowan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Gowan</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98082/international-court-of-justices-call-on-all-states-to-end-israels-occupation-and-find-a-path-to-peace/">International Court of Justice’s Call on All States to End Israel’s Occupation and Find a Path to Peace</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nowrojeebinaifer/" title="Profile and articles by Binaifer Nowrojee" class="author url fn" rel="author">Binaifer Nowrojee</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98037/doj-special-counsel/"><i> United States v. Nixon </i> at Fifty: Why Judge Cannon Is Wrong About the Attorney General’s Authority to Select a Special Counsel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ledermanmarty/" title="Profile and articles by Marty Lederman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Marty Lederman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 24th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97937/azerbaijan-arbitrary-detentions-host-cop29/">Azerbaijan’s Aliyev Extends Arbitrary Detentions Even as He Prepares to Host Global Climate Conference COP29</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovazhala/" title="Profile and articles by Zhala Bayramova" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zhala Bayramova</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovibad/" title="Profile and articles by Ibad Bayramov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ibad Bayramov</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramliemin/" title="Profile and articles by Emin Bayramli" class="author url fn" rel="author">Emin Bayramli</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92714/american-autocracy-threat-tracker/">American Autocracy Threat Tracker</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-ghiatruth/" title="Profile and articles by Ruth Ben-Ghiat" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ruth Ben-Ghiat</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wattsiven/" title="Profile and articles by Siven Watt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Siven Watt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kolbjoshua/" title="Profile and articles by Joshua Kolb" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joshua Kolb</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/warrenandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Warren" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Warren</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kovacs-goodmanjacob/" title="Profile and articles by Jacob Kovacs-Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacob Kovacs-Goodman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/barrilleauxfrancois/" title="Profile and articles by Francois Barrilleaux" class="author url fn" rel="author">Francois Barrilleaux</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97922/non-state-civilian-political-institutions/">Assessing the Civilian and Political Institutions of Armed Non-State Actors under International Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fortinkatharine/" title="Profile and articles by Katharine Fortin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Katharine Fortin</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97826/state-departments-civilian-harm-incident-response/">The State Department’s Civilian Harm Incident Response Guidance: How to Make a Good Thing Better</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blahacharles/" title="Profile and articles by Charles O. (Cob) Blaha" class="author url fn" rel="author">Charles O. (Cob) Blaha</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 18th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97781/three-flaws-supreme-court-immunity/">Three Flaws in the Supreme Court’s Decision on Presidential Criminal Immunity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/weissmannandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Weissmann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Weissmann</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97760/economic-security-presidential-power/">How ‘Economic Security’ is Re-shaping Presidential Power</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/claussenkathleen/" title="Profile and articles by Kathleen Claussen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kathleen Claussen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/meyertimothy/" title="Profile and articles by Timothy Meyer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Timothy Meyer</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97747/trump-docs-case-dismissed/">Judge Cannon Finds Special Counsel Unconstitutional in Trump Classified Documents Case: What’s Next for Jack Smith?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/klasfeldadam/" title="Profile and articles by Adam Klasfeld" class="author url fn" rel="author">Adam Klasfeld</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97718/nato-summit-ukraine-russia-china/">After the NATO Summit, Allies Need to Step Up Their Game on Ukraine, Russia, and China</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kramerdavidj/" title="Profile and articles by David J. Kramer" class="author url fn" rel="author">David J. Kramer</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kellyian/" title="Profile and articles by Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 15th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><div class="capitol-breaker"><h3 class="widget-title">Resources</h3></div><aside id="js-scrolling-content-4" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Trackers</h3><div class="flexible-content posts clearfix" style="height:auto;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100235/unga-79-expert-analysis-resources/">UNGA 79: Expert Analysis & Resources</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/77022/january-6-clearinghouse/">January 6 Clearinghouse</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hendrixjustin/" title="Profile and articles by Justin Hendrix" class="author url fn" rel="author">Justin Hendrix</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a></p> <p class="date">Mar 14th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><aside id="js-scrolling-content-6" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Series</h3><div class="flexible-content posts custom-scroll clearfix" style="height:350px;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96975/icc-prosecutor-policy-complementarity-cooperation/">Symposium: ICC Prosecutor Launches Policy on Complementarity and Cooperation</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/uruenarene/" title="Profile and articles by René Urueña" class="author url fn" rel="author">René Urueña</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96881/symposium-on-ai-and-human-rights/">Introducing the Symposium on AI and Human Rights</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/peakejessica/" title="Profile and articles by Jessica Peake" 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Follow her on Twitter (<a href="https://twitter.com/violagienger">@violagienger</a>).</p> </div><p class="clearfix"> <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org" class="button has-icon icon-fa"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Send A Letter To The Editor </a> </p></div></div><div class="post-bottom-row related-posts clearfix"><div class="secondary-left"><h3>Read these related stories next:</h3></div><div class="primary archive-wrap"><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105048/icc-arrest-warrants/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2180882096_cropped.jpg?fit=768%2C339&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105048/icc-arrest-warrants/">Nuts & Bolts of the International Criminal Court Arrest Warrants in the ‘Situation in Palestine’</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dannenbaumtom/" title="Profile 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U.N. General Assembly High-Level Week 2024 : What Experts Are Looking For