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Disponibil în 64 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel" title="Siegel – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Siegel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85" title="ختم – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ختم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Пячатка – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пячатка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Печат (приспособление) – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Печат (приспособление)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0)" title="মোহর (সীলমোহর) – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোহর (সীলমোহর)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8Dat" title="Pečat – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pečat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segell_(autenticaci%C3%B3)" title="Segell (autenticació) – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segell (autenticació)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8De%C5%A5" title="Pečeť – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pečeť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segl_(m%C3%A6rke)" title="Segl (mærke) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Segl (mærke)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegel" title="Siegel – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Siegel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Σφραγίδα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σφραγίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem) – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Seal (emblem)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigelo" title="Sigelo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sigelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sello_(cu%C3%B1o)" title="Sello (cuño) – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sello (cuño)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsat" title="Pitsat – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pitsat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigilu_(egiaztagiria)" title="Zigilu (egiaztagiria) – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zigilu (egiaztagiria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA)" title="مهر (علامت) – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهر (علامت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinetti" title="Sinetti – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sinetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceau" title="Sceau – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sceau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ala_(suaitheantas)" title="Séala (suaitheantas) – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Séala (suaitheantas)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seula" title="Seula – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Seula" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D" title="חותם – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חותם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9)" title="मोहर (चिन्ह) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोहर (चिन्ह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8Dat" title="Pečat – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pečat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecs%C3%A9t" title="Pecsét – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pecsét" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Հավաստագրման կնիք – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հավաստագրման կնիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap" title="Cap – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innsigli" title="Innsigli – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Innsigli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigillo" title="Sigillo – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sigillo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AB%A0" title="印章 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="印章" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Мөр – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мөр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಮುದ್ರೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುದ್ರೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9E%A5" title="도장 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Мөөр – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мөөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kas%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Kasɛ́ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kasɛ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antspaudas" title="Antspaudas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antspaudas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%ABmogs" title="Zīmogs – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zīmogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Тамга – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тамга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap" title="Cap – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zegel_(waarmerk)" title="Zegel (waarmerk) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zegel (waarmerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigill" title="Sigill – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sigill" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segl" title="Segl – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Segl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sag%C3%A8th" title="Sagèth – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sagèth" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0_(%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B9)" title="ਮੋਹਰ (ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ) – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਹਰ (ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piecz%C4%99%C4%87" title="Pieczęć – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pieczęć" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%81%D8%B1" title="مہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinete" title="Sinete – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Удостоверяющая печать – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Удостоверяющая печать" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8Dat" title="Pečat – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pečat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_(device)" title="Seal (device) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seal (device)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8Da%C5%A5" title="Pečať – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pečať" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%8Dat" title="Pečat – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pečat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vula" title="Vula – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vula" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Печат – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Печат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigill" title="Sigill – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sigill" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCh%C3%BCr" title="Mühür – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mühür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гербова печатка – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гербова печатка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhr_(bosma_shakl)" title="Muhr (bosma shakl) – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhr (bosma shakl)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sezi%C5%82o_(ojeto)" title="Seziło (ojeto) – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Seziło (ojeto)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_d%E1%BA%A5u" title="Con dấu – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Con dấu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C" title="זיגל – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זיגל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AB%A0" title="印章 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印章" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AB%A0" title="印章 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="印章" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%AB%A0" title="圖章 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="圖章" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q162919#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sigiliu" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Sigiliu" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sigiliu"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sigiliu"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Sigiliu" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Sigiliu" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&oldid=16048052" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Sigiliu&id=16048052&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSigiliu"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSigiliu"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sigiliu"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sigiliu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Seal_(device)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q162919" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/50px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/75px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/100px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span">Deși acest articol conține o listă de referințe bibliografice, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">sursele</a> sale rămân neclare deoarece îi lipsesc <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor#.E2.80.9ENote.E2.80.9D" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">notele de subsol</a>.<br /> Puteți ajuta introducând <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Note" title="Ajutor:Note">citări mai precise</a> ale surselor.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wax_seal_with_impression_of_uppercase_letter_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wax_seal_with_impression_of_uppercase_letter_A.jpg/220px-Wax_seal_with_impression_of_uppercase_letter_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wax_seal_with_impression_of_uppercase_letter_A.jpg/330px-Wax_seal_with_impression_of_uppercase_letter_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wax_seal_with_impression_of_uppercase_letter_A.jpg/440px-Wax_seal_with_impression_of_uppercase_letter_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Plic sigilat</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Loudoun_Castle_wax_seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Loudoun_Castle_wax_seal.jpg/220px-Loudoun_Castle_wax_seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Loudoun_Castle_wax_seal.jpg/330px-Loudoun_Castle_wax_seal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Loudoun_Castle_wax_seal.jpg/440px-Loudoun_Castle_wax_seal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Un sigiliu aplicat pe un plic</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg/220px-Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg/330px-Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg/440px-Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The Great Seal of the State of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> (USA)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sigiliul</b> sau <b>pecetea</b> (din <a href="/wiki/Latin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Latină">latină</a>: <i>sigillium, i</i> - sigiliu, pecete) desemnează amprenta (impresiunea, imprenta) rămasă pe un material anume în urma aplicării matricei sigiliare (a tiparului). Acest sigiliu poate să fie imprimat în <a href="/wiki/Cear%C4%83" title="Ceară">ceară</a> de sigiliu sau și direct pe <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A2rtie" title="Hârtie">hârtie</a>. Sigiliul însuși poate fi dintr-o soluție de aur, cerneală/tuș sau și din fum, în timp ce matricea sigiliară (sau tiparul) este obiectul gravat, confecționat dintr-un material rezistent cu care se imprimă sigiliul. În mod uzual termenul de sigiliu se folosește atât pentru desemnarea amprentei sigiliare propriu-zise, cât și a matricei. </p><p>Sigiliul are funcțiile de garantare a secretului și/sau de asigurare a autenticității actului. Prin însemnele ce le poartă (emblemă, text), el este un mijloc de identificare a emitentului în timp și spațiu, putând fi vorba atât de o persoană, cât și de o instituție. Sigiliul prezintă simbolic autoritatea posesorului și locul său în ierarhia socială, dar și importanța actului sau documentului pe care este aplicat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sigilografie" title="Sigilografie">Sigilografia</a> cunoaște mai multe feluri de sigilii, în funcție de aspect, funcție, formă de păstrare, mărime, material, însemne gravate, etc., printre care: </p> <ul><li>sigiliu atașat sau atârnat (sigiliu din metal sau ceară, prins de act cu ajutorul unui șnur, șiret sau țărcușă)</li> <li>sigiliu de închidere (cu ajutorul căruia se asigură secretul corespondenței)</li> <li>sigiliu imprimat (este aplicat direct pe materialul de suport după ce matrița sigilară a fost introdusă în tuș, soluție de aur sau fum)</li> <li>sigiliu inelar (este realizat cu ajutorul imaginii pe montura unui inel)</li> <li>sigiliu timbrat (confecționat prin plasarea, deasupra cerii calde, a unei foițe-timbru peste care se aplică matrița sigilară)</li></ul> <p>precum și multe altele. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Seal_Barnamtarra_Louvre_AO13222.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Seal_Barnamtarra_Louvre_AO13222.jpg/220px-Seal_Barnamtarra_Louvre_AO13222.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Seal_Barnamtarra_Louvre_AO13222.jpg/330px-Seal_Barnamtarra_Louvre_AO13222.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Seal_Barnamtarra_Louvre_AO13222.jpg/440px-Seal_Barnamtarra_Louvre_AO13222.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Bulă de argilă pe care s-a aplicat sigiliul lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barnamtarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barnamtarra — pagină inexistentă">Barnamtarra</a>, soția lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lugalanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lugalanda — pagină inexistentă">Lugalanda</a>, conducător în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagash — pagină inexistentă">Lagash</a> - circa 2400 î.Hr.)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Introducerea, folosirea și răspândirea sigiliului au izvorât din necesitatea autentificării actelor. El a fost folosit la început ca o dovadă de autenticitate și integritate. Practica folosirii sigiliilor de către autorități și particulari se întâlnește prima oară în <a href="/wiki/Antichitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Antichitate">antichitate</a>. În această perioadă se foloseau drept matrice inele cu pietre gravate (<a href="/wiki/Camee" title="Camee">camee</a> și <a href="/wiki/Gem%C4%83" title="Gemă">geme</a>), care vor deveni în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XVI-lea" title="Secolul al XVI-lea">secolul XVI</a> deosebit de căutate. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Bizantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiul Bizantin">Imperiul Bizantin</a> și în apusul <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europei</a> sigiliul de pe acte se folosește și ca semn de validare a actelor, de întărire a conținutului lor. Prin imaginea ce o avea gravată pe el, sigiliul îl reprezenta pe posesorul lui, încât prezentarea lui în fața unei autorități echivala cu prezența persoanei care-l deținea. Era folosit astfel drept mărturie. Deținătorul sau deținătorii sigiliului unei alte persoane nu numai că prin el reprezentau pe posesor și își autentificau spusele, dar erau și ocrotiți de el. Astfel el era folosit și în sensul unor scrisori de ocrotire. </p><p>Întrebuințat de suverani, sigiliul a trecut repede în uzul curent al seniorilor laici și al clericilor (începând cu <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XI-lea" title="Secolul al XI-lea">secolul XI</a>). Astfel, începând din <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XII-lea" title="Secolul al XII-lea">secolul XII</a>, el putea fi folosit de oricine, în toate situațiile, atât laice, cât și ecleziastice, generalizându-se un secol mai târziu. </p><p>În Țările Române sigiliile erau folosite de către <a href="/wiki/Voievod" title="Voievod">voievozi</a> atât la autentificarea actelor interne (puneri în posesie, întăriri de moșii sau verdicte la judecăți), cât și la reprezentarea titulaturii și rangului în actele externe, în funcție de importanța actului fiind folosite diferite tipuri de peceți (vezi <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic%C4%83" title="Diplomatică">diplomatică</a>). În actele particulare martorii, în funcție de rang sau clasă socială, foloseau de obicei, pe lângă semnătură, și pecetea cu însemnele personale. </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XX-lea" title="Secolul al XX-lea">secolul XX</a> sigiliile dispar, locul lor fiind luat de alte elemente de siguranță cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tampil%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ștampilă — pagină inexistentă">ștampilele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holografie" title="Holografie">holograme</a>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adina Berciu-Drăghicescu „Științele auxiliare ale istoriei“, București, 1994.</li> <li>„Dicționar al științelor speciale ale istoriei“, București, 1982.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigiliu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seals?uselang=ro">sigiliu</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigilografie" title="Sigilografie">Sigilografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic%C4%83" title="Diplomatică">Diplomatică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldic%C4%83" title="Heraldică">Heraldică</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4054876-4">4054876-4</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/012808">012808</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564166">00564166</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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