CINXE.COM

Centre for Policy Research

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <!--<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">--> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="icon" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;1,300&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <style> .postid-1043 span.post-people{ font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif !important; } .postid-1043 .breadcrumb + h1{ font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif !important; } .postid-1043 .faculty-content p{ font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif !important; } .page-template-peoples-faculty-listing .post-1043 h3{ font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif !important; font-weight:500 !important; } .heateor_sss_sharing_container{ display:none !important; } .marquee-main{ width:30% !important; } /* @media (max-width: 1030px) .marquee-main { width:40% !important; } */ </style> <style type="text/css"> .heateor_sss_button_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg,a.heateor_sss_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg{background:radial-gradient(circle at 30% 107%,#fdf497 0,#fdf497 5%,#fd5949 45%,#d6249f 60%,#285aeb 90%)} div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#000!important;}div.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#000;} div.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#000!important;}div.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#000;} div.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span:hover{background:#000!important;}div.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span:hover{background:#000;} .heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container .heateor_sss_svg{ background-color: #000!important; background: #000!important; color: #fff; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; } .heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{ color:#666; } .heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{ border-color: transparent; } .heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg{ background-color: #000!important; background: #000!important; color: #fff; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; } .heateor_sss_vertical_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{ color:#666; } .heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{ background-color: #000!important; background: #000!important; border-color: transparent; } @media screen and (max-width:783px) {.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{display:none!important}}div.heateor_sss_mobile_footer{display:none;}@media screen and (max-width:783px){div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{background-color:white}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{width:100%!important;left:0!important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing a{width:11.111111111111% !important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateor_sss_svg{width: 100% !important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing div.heateorSssTotalShareCount{font-size:1em!important;line-height:14px!important}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing div.heateorSssTotalShareText{font-size:.7em!important;line-height:0px!important}div.heateor_sss_mobile_footer{display:block;height:20px;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{padding:0!important;display:block!important;width:auto!important;bottom:-2px!important;top: auto!important;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateor_sss_square_count{line-height:inherit;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssSharingArrow{display:none;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{margin-right:1.1em!important}} </style> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.1 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Centre for Policy Research</title> <meta name="description" content="The Centre for Policy Research (CPR) has been one of India’s leading public policy think tanks since 1973. The institution nurtures and supports scholarly excellence." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cprindia.org/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Centre for Policy Research" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Centre for Policy Research (CPR) has been one of India’s leading public policy think tanks since 1973. The institution nurtures and supports scholarly excellence." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://cprindia.org/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CPR" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-01-22T11:30:52+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-favicon-big.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Centre for Policy Research" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Centre for Policy Research (CPR) has been one of India’s leading public policy think tanks since 1973. The institution nurtures and supports scholarly excellence." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-favicon-big.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@CPR_India" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="1 minute" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://cprindia.org/#organization","name":"Centre for Policy Research","url":"https://cprindia.org/","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/CPR_India"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://cprindia.org/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/logo.png","contentUrl":"https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/logo.png","width":263,"height":110,"caption":"Centre for Policy Research"},"image":{"@id":"https://cprindia.org/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://cprindia.org/#website","url":"https://cprindia.org/","name":"CPR","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://cprindia.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://cprindia.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://cprindia.org/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-favicon-big.jpg","contentUrl":"https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-favicon-big.jpg","width":512,"height":512},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://cprindia.org/#webpage","url":"https://cprindia.org/","name":"Centre for Policy Research","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://cprindia.org/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://cprindia.org/#organization"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://cprindia.org/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2021-11-15T17:13:47+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-22T11:30:52+00:00","description":"The Centre for Policy Research (CPR) has been one of India’s leading public policy think tanks since 1973. The institution nurtures and supports scholarly excellence.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://cprindia.org/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://cprindia.org/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://cprindia.org/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CPR &raquo; Feed" href="https://cprindia.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CPR &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://cprindia.org/comments/feed/" /> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='sby_styles-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/feeds-for-youtube/css/sb-youtube.min.css?ver=1.4.4' media='all' /> --> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.8.2' media='all' /> --> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.5.3' media='all' /> --> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='easy-query-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-query/core/css/easy-query.css?ver=5.8.2' media='all' /> --> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-pagenavi-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-pagenavi/pagenavi-css.css?ver=2.70' media='all' /> --> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='megamenu-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/maxmegamenu/style.css?ver=3b741f' media='all' /> --> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=5.8.2' media='all' /> --> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='cpr-style-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/style.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> --> <!-- <link rel='stylesheet' id='heateor_sss_frontend_css-css' href='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/css/sassy-social-share-public.css?ver=3.3.40' media='all' /> --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cprindia.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/d5miw5xk/880ii.css" media="all"/> <script src='//cprindia.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/kepg7zyb/880ii.js' type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.6.0' id='jquery-core-js'></script> --> <!-- <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.3.2' id='jquery-migrate-js'></script> --> <script id='sby_scripts-js-extra'> var sbyOptions = {"adminAjaxUrl":"https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","placeholder":"https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/feeds-for-youtube\/img\/placeholder.png","placeholderNarrow":"https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/feeds-for-youtube\/img\/placeholder-narrow.png","lightboxPlaceholder":"https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/feeds-for-youtube\/img\/lightbox-placeholder.png","lightboxPlaceholderNarrow":"https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/feeds-for-youtube\/img\/lightbox-placeholder-narrow.png","autoplay":"1","semiEagerload":"","eagerload":"1"}; </script> <script src='//cprindia.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/fpa017k1/880ii.js' type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/feeds-for-youtube/js/sb-youtube.min.js?ver=1.4.4' id='sby_scripts-js'></script> --> <script id='ajax-script-js-extra'> var ajax_url = "https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"; </script> <script src='//cprindia.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/9mf0gbpf/880ii.js' type="text/javascript"></script> <!-- <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/script.js?ver=5.8.2' id='ajax-script-js'></script> --> <!-- Google Analytics snippet added by Site Kit --> <script src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-62498845-1' id='google_gtagjs-js' async></script> <script id='google_gtagjs-js-after'> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('set', 'linker', {"domains":["cprindia.org"]} ); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "UA-62498845-1", {"anonymize_ip":true}); gtag("config", "G-0ZBC3MTLJR"); </script> <!-- End Google Analytics snippet added by Site Kit --> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/88" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://cprindia.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.8.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://cprindia.org/' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcprindia.org%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcprindia.org%2F&#038;format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.77.0" /><!-- Begin Inspectlet Asynchronous Code --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { window.__insp = window.__insp || []; __insp.push(['wid', 1494909266]); var ldinsp = function(){ if(typeof window.__inspld != "undefined") return; window.__inspld = 1; var insp = document.createElement('script'); insp.type = 'text/javascript'; insp.async = true; insp.id = "inspsync"; insp.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https' : 'http') + '://cdn.inspectlet.com/inspectlet.js?wid=1494909266&r=' + Math.floor(new Date().getTime()/3600000); var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.parentNode.insertBefore(insp, x); }; setTimeout(ldinsp, 0); })(); </script> <!-- End Inspectlet Asynchronous Code --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)};t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1; t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i+"?ref=wordpress";y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "d1evzuu24j"); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-favicon-big-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-favicon-big-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-favicon-big-180x180.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/cropped-favicon-big-270x270.jpg" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> /* div.heateor_sss_sharing_ul{ display: none; } #popmake-41272 .pum-content{ width:100% !important; } #popmake-41272 .slick-prev{ display:none !important; } #popmake-41272 .slick-next{ display:none !important; } #popmake-41272 { height: 100%; overflow: scroll !important; } #popmake-41272 .slick-track { display:relative; width: auto !important; } #popmake-41272 .pum-close{ width: 10px !important; top: 10px; right: 10px; }*/ .innerpage-content .faculty-content img{ height:59% !important; } .home-slider-containermain .slick-slider .slick-slide img.wp-post-image { height: 650px !important; } .slider-nav .item-slick { width: auto !important; } </style> <style type="text/css">/** Mega Menu CSS: fs **/</style> <!-- <link href="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> --> <!-- <link href="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/css/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> --> <!-- <link href="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/css/slick.css" rel="stylesheet"> --> <!-- <link href="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/css/slider-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet"> --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cprindia.org/wp-content/cache/wpfc-minified/876waul2/880ii.css" media="all"/> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-62498845-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-62498845-1'); </script> </head> <body class="home page-template page-template-page-template page-template-home page-template-page-templatehome-php page page-id-88 wp-custom-logo mega-menu-menu-1"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#primary"> Skip to content</a> <div class="top-head"> <div class="container"> <!-- start time line section --> <div class="marquee-main"> <marquee bgcolor="#2c314c" direction="left" scrolldelay="90" behavior="scroll"> <p><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/andhra-pradeshs-water-policymaking-matters/article69001061.ece" class="opinions"><span class="date">Jan 15th:</span>Andhra Pradesh’s Water Policymaking Matters</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/indiachina-relations-a-river-runs-through-it-101736779548848.html" class="opinions"><span class="date">Jan 15th:</span>India-China Relations: A River Runs through It</a></p> <p><a href="https://cprindia.org/in-memoriam-dr-manmohan-singh/" class="post"><span class="date">Dec 28th:</span>IN MEMORIAM Dr. Manmohan Singh (1932 &#8211; 2024)</a></p> <p><a href="https://cprindia.org/from-rhine-to-ganges-navigating-legal-and-institutional-waters/" class="post"><span class="date">Nov 22nd:</span>From Rhine to Ganges: Navigating Legal and Institutional ...</a></p> <p><a href="https://cprindia.org/the-shifting-polling-attitudes-in-urban-india/" class="post"><span class="date">Nov 18th:</span>The Shift in Polling Attitudes of Urban India</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/why-and-how-the-bjp-s-tally-fell-short-of-its-target-101717524808510.html" class="opinions"><span class="date">Jun 6th:</span>Why and how the BJP’s tally fell short of its target</a></p> </marquee> </div> <!-- end time line section --> <div class="top-highlight">Highlight<span>&gt;</span></div> <div class="social-icon"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CentreforPolicyResearch/" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-facebook.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT0LvSYjYr2gmUDhx7Z3wtw" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-youtube.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/centre-for-policy-research/?trk=ppro_cprof" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-in.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/CPR_India?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-twitter.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/cpr_india/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/IG_icon.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <header class="header clearfix" id="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="main-nav"> <div class="mobile-nav"> <div id="mega-menu-wrap-menu-1" class="mega-menu-wrap"><div class="mega-menu-toggle"><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-left"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-block mega-toggle-block-1' id='mega-toggle-block-1' tabindex='0'><span class='mega-toggle-label' role='button' aria-expanded='false'><span class='mega-toggle-label-closed'>MENU</span><span class='mega-toggle-label-open'>MENU</span></span></div></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-center"></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-right"></div></div><ul id="mega-menu-menu-1" class="mega-menu max-mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js" data-event="hover_intent" data-effect="fade_up" data-effect-speed="200" data-effect-mobile="slide_right" data-effect-speed-mobile="200" data-mobile-force-width="false" data-second-click="go" data-document-click="collapse" data-vertical-behaviour="standard" data-breakpoint="991" data-unbind="true" data-mobile-state="collapse_all" data-hover-intent-timeout="300" data-hover-intent-interval="100"><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-home mega-current-menu-item mega-page_item mega-page-item-88 mega-current_page_item mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-90' id='mega-menu-item-90'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/" tabindex="0">Home</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-18' id='mega-menu-item-18'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">About Us<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-33807' id='mega-menu-item-33807'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/who-we-are/">Who We Are</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-95' id='mega-menu-item-95'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/governing-board/">Governing Board</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-94' id='mega-menu-item-94'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/funding-support/">Funding Support</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-93' id='mega-menu-item-93'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/work-with-us/">Work With Us</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-28646' id='mega-menu-item-28646'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/archive/">Archive</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-39547' id='mega-menu-item-39547'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/safe-space/">CPR - A Safe Space</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-38138' id='mega-menu-item-38138'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-megamenu mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-menu-item-2504' id='mega-menu-item-2504'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">Research<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-3-of-6 mega-menu-item-2506' id='mega-menu-item-2506'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research-area/">Research Areas<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4962' id='mega-menu-item-4962'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/agriculture/">Agriculture</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-30140' id='mega-menu-item-30140'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/air-pollution/">Air Pollution</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-30141' id='mega-menu-item-30141'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/climate-change/">Climate Change</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4964' id='mega-menu-item-4964'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/economy/">Economy</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4965' id='mega-menu-item-4965'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/education/">Education</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-30142' id='mega-menu-item-30142'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/environmental-law-justice/">Environmental Law &#038; Justice</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-30139' id='mega-menu-item-30139'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/energy-electricity/">Energy &#038; Electricity</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4966' id='mega-menu-item-4966'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/federalism/">Federalism</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4961' id='mega-menu-item-4961'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/governance-accountability-public-finance/">Governance, Accountability &#038; Public Finance</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4967' id='mega-menu-item-4967'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/health-nutrition/">Health &#038; Nutrition</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4968' id='mega-menu-item-4968'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/indian-politics/">Indian Politics</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4969' id='mega-menu-item-4969'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/international-relations-security/">International Relations &#038; Security</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4970' id='mega-menu-item-4970'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/jobs/">Jobs</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4971' id='mega-menu-item-4971'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/land-rights/">Land Rights</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4972' id='mega-menu-item-4972'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/sanitation/">Sanitation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4973' id='mega-menu-item-4973'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/social-justice/">Social Justice</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4974' id='mega-menu-item-4974'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/state-capacity/">State Capacity</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4975' id='mega-menu-item-4975'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/technology/">Technology</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4976' id='mega-menu-item-4976'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/urbanisation/">Urbanisation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4977' id='mega-menu-item-4977'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/water/">Water</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4963' id='mega-menu-item-4963'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/miscellaneous/">Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-3-of-6 mega-menu-item-2505' id='mega-menu-item-2505'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research-initiatives/">Research Initiatives<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5540' id='mega-menu-item-5540'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/accountability-initiative/">Accountability Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5542' id='mega-menu-item-5542'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/governance-public-policy-initiative/">Governance &#038; Public Policy Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5541' id='mega-menu-item-5541'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/india-infrastructures-and-ecologies-program/">India Infrastructures &#038; Ecologies Program</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-30143' id='mega-menu-item-30143'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/initiative-on-cities-economy-and-society/">Initiative on Cities, Economy &#038; Society</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5543' id='mega-menu-item-5543'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/initiative-on-climate-energy-environment/">Initiative on Climate, Energy &#038; Environment</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5544' id='mega-menu-item-5544'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/land-rights-initiative/">Land Rights Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5545' id='mega-menu-item-5545'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/scaling-cities-institutions-for-india/">Scaling City Institutions for India Initiative (SCI-FI)</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5546' id='mega-menu-item-5546'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/state-capacity-initiative/">State Capacity Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5547' id='mega-menu-item-5547'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/the-jobs-initiative/">The Jobs Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-30144' id='mega-menu-item-30144'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/the-politics-initiative/">The Politics Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5548' id='mega-menu-item-5548'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/the-technology-society-initiative/">The Technology &#038; Society Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5549' id='mega-menu-item-5549'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/treads-transboundary-rivers-ecologies-development-studies/">TREADS: Transboundary Rivers, Ecologies &#038; Development Studies</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-50' id='mega-menu-item-50'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">Publications<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-516' id='mega-menu-item-516'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/policy-briefs-reports/">Policy Briefs &#038; Reports</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1999' id='mega-menu-item-1999'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/journal-articles/">Journal Articles</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1998' id='mega-menu-item-1998'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/working-papers/">Working Papers</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-714' id='mega-menu-item-714'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/book/">Books</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-409' id='mega-menu-item-409'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/book-chapters/">Book Chapters</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2102' id='mega-menu-item-2102'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/news-blogs/">Policy Engagements &#038; Blogs</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-761' id='mega-menu-item-761'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/opinion-and-commentary/">Opinion &#038; Commentary</a></li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-51' id='mega-menu-item-51'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">People<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-906' id='mega-menu-item-906'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/faculty/">Faculty</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-905' id='mega-menu-item-905'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/faculty-emeriti/">Faculty Emeriti</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-904' id='mega-menu-item-904'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research-staff/">Researchers</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-903' id='mega-menu-item-903'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/communications/">Communications</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-902' id='mega-menu-item-902'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/operations-and-finance/">Operations &#038; Finance</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-901' id='mega-menu-item-901'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/staff-directory/">Staff Directory</a></li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-204' id='mega-menu-item-204'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/events/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">Events<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-32493' id='mega-menu-item-32493'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/events/#upcoming-events-tab">Upcoming Events</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-32494' id='mega-menu-item-32494'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/events/#past-events-tab">Past Events</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-32495' id='mega-menu-item-32495'><a target="_blank" class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.cprdialogues.org/">CPR Dialogues</a></li></ul> </li></ul></div> </div> <!-- /images/logo.png --> <div id="logo"> <a href="https://cprindia.org/"> <img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/logo.png" alt="" class="logo_normal"> </a> </div> <nav class="main-menu"> <div class="desktop-nav"> <div id="mega-menu-wrap-menu-1" class="mega-menu-wrap"><div class="mega-menu-toggle"><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-left"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-block mega-toggle-block-1' id='mega-toggle-block-1' tabindex='0'><span class='mega-toggle-label' role='button' aria-expanded='false'><span class='mega-toggle-label-closed'>MENU</span><span class='mega-toggle-label-open'>MENU</span></span></div></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-center"></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-right"></div></div><ul id="mega-menu-menu-1" class="mega-menu max-mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js" data-event="hover_intent" data-effect="fade_up" data-effect-speed="200" data-effect-mobile="slide_right" data-effect-speed-mobile="200" data-mobile-force-width="false" data-second-click="go" data-document-click="collapse" data-vertical-behaviour="standard" data-breakpoint="991" data-unbind="true" data-mobile-state="collapse_all" data-hover-intent-timeout="300" data-hover-intent-interval="100"><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-home mega-current-menu-item mega-page_item mega-page-item-88 mega-current_page_item mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-90' id='mega-menu-item-90'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/" tabindex="0">Home</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-18' id='mega-menu-item-18'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">About Us<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-33807' id='mega-menu-item-33807'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/who-we-are/">Who We Are</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-95' id='mega-menu-item-95'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/governing-board/">Governing Board</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-94' id='mega-menu-item-94'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/funding-support/">Funding Support</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-93' id='mega-menu-item-93'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/work-with-us/">Work With Us</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-28646' id='mega-menu-item-28646'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/archive/">Archive</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-39547' id='mega-menu-item-39547'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/safe-space/">CPR - A Safe Space</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-38138' id='mega-menu-item-38138'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-megamenu mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-megamenu mega-menu-item-2504' id='mega-menu-item-2504'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">Research<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-3-of-6 mega-menu-item-2506' id='mega-menu-item-2506'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research-area/">Research Areas<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4962' id='mega-menu-item-4962'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/agriculture/">Agriculture</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-30140' id='mega-menu-item-30140'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/air-pollution/">Air Pollution</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-30141' id='mega-menu-item-30141'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/climate-change/">Climate Change</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4964' id='mega-menu-item-4964'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/economy/">Economy</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4965' id='mega-menu-item-4965'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/education/">Education</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-30142' id='mega-menu-item-30142'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/environmental-law-justice/">Environmental Law &#038; Justice</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-30139' id='mega-menu-item-30139'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/energy-electricity/">Energy &#038; Electricity</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4966' id='mega-menu-item-4966'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/federalism/">Federalism</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4961' id='mega-menu-item-4961'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/governance-accountability-public-finance/">Governance, Accountability &#038; Public Finance</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4967' id='mega-menu-item-4967'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/health-nutrition/">Health &#038; Nutrition</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4968' id='mega-menu-item-4968'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/indian-politics/">Indian Politics</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4969' id='mega-menu-item-4969'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/international-relations-security/">International Relations &#038; Security</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4970' id='mega-menu-item-4970'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/jobs/">Jobs</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4971' id='mega-menu-item-4971'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/land-rights/">Land Rights</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4972' id='mega-menu-item-4972'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/sanitation/">Sanitation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4973' id='mega-menu-item-4973'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/social-justice/">Social Justice</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4974' id='mega-menu-item-4974'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/state-capacity/">State Capacity</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4975' id='mega-menu-item-4975'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/technology/">Technology</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4976' id='mega-menu-item-4976'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/urbanisation/">Urbanisation</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4977' id='mega-menu-item-4977'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/water/">Water</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-researcharea mega-menu-item-4963' id='mega-menu-item-4963'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/researcharea/miscellaneous/">Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-columns-3-of-6 mega-menu-item-2505' id='mega-menu-item-2505'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research-initiatives/">Research Initiatives<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5540' id='mega-menu-item-5540'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/accountability-initiative/">Accountability Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5542' id='mega-menu-item-5542'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/governance-public-policy-initiative/">Governance &#038; Public Policy Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5541' id='mega-menu-item-5541'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/india-infrastructures-and-ecologies-program/">India Infrastructures &#038; Ecologies Program</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-30143' id='mega-menu-item-30143'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/initiative-on-cities-economy-and-society/">Initiative on Cities, Economy &#038; Society</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5543' id='mega-menu-item-5543'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/initiative-on-climate-energy-environment/">Initiative on Climate, Energy &#038; Environment</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5544' id='mega-menu-item-5544'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/land-rights-initiative/">Land Rights Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5545' id='mega-menu-item-5545'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/scaling-cities-institutions-for-india/">Scaling City Institutions for India Initiative (SCI-FI)</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5546' id='mega-menu-item-5546'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/state-capacity-initiative/">State Capacity Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5547' id='mega-menu-item-5547'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/the-jobs-initiative/">The Jobs Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-30144' id='mega-menu-item-30144'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/the-politics-initiative/">The Politics Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5548' id='mega-menu-item-5548'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/the-technology-society-initiative/">The Technology &#038; Society Initiative</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-research mega-menu-item-5549' id='mega-menu-item-5549'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research/treads-transboundary-rivers-ecologies-development-studies/">TREADS: Transboundary Rivers, Ecologies &#038; Development Studies</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-50' id='mega-menu-item-50'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">Publications<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-516' id='mega-menu-item-516'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/policy-briefs-reports/">Policy Briefs &#038; Reports</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1999' id='mega-menu-item-1999'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/journal-articles/">Journal Articles</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-1998' id='mega-menu-item-1998'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/working-papers/">Working Papers</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-714' id='mega-menu-item-714'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/book/">Books</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-409' id='mega-menu-item-409'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/book-chapters/">Book Chapters</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-2102' id='mega-menu-item-2102'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/news-blogs/">Policy Engagements &#038; Blogs</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-761' id='mega-menu-item-761'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/opinion-and-commentary/">Opinion &#038; Commentary</a></li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-51' id='mega-menu-item-51'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">People<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-906' id='mega-menu-item-906'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/faculty/">Faculty</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-905' id='mega-menu-item-905'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/faculty-emeriti/">Faculty Emeriti</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-904' id='mega-menu-item-904'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/research-staff/">Researchers</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-903' id='mega-menu-item-903'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/communications/">Communications</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-902' id='mega-menu-item-902'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/operations-and-finance/">Operations &#038; Finance</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-901' id='mega-menu-item-901'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/staff-directory/">Staff Directory</a></li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-post_type mega-menu-item-object-page mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-204' id='mega-menu-item-204'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/events/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">Events<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-32493' id='mega-menu-item-32493'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/events/#upcoming-events-tab">Upcoming Events</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-32494' id='mega-menu-item-32494'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://cprindia.org/events/#past-events-tab">Past Events</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-32495' id='mega-menu-item-32495'><a target="_blank" class="mega-menu-link" href="https://www.cprdialogues.org/">CPR Dialogues</a></li></ul> </li></ul></div> </div> </nav> <div id="top_menu" class="search-toggle"> <button class="search-icon icon-search"><i class="fa-search"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-search.png" alt=""/></i></button> <button class="search-icon icon-close"><i class="fa-close"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-close.png" alt=""/></i></button> </div> </div> <div class="top-search"> <div class="search-container"> <!-- <form role="search" method="get" id="buscador-blog" class="top-search searchform" action="">--> <!-- <form role="search" method="get" id="buscador-blog" class="top-search searchform" action="https://cprindia.org/"> <input class="form-control busqueda" placeholder="Search by Name" type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search Here"/> <button type="submit" name="submit" value="Go" class="search-btn" id="searchsubmit"><i class="fa-search"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-search.png" alt=""/></i></button> <ul id="dhemy-ajax-search"></ul> <input type="hidden" name="search-type" value="post" /> </form> --> <div class="search-box"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form top-search searchform" action="https://cprindia.org/search-results/" id="buscador-blog"> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="swpquery" title="Search for:"> <button type="submit" name="submit" value="Search" class="search-btn" id="searchsubmit"><i class="fa-search"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-search.png" alt=""/></i></button> <!-- <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="swpquery" title="Search for:"> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit header-searchbtn" value="Search">--> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <!--<div class="top_margin"></div>--> <main> <div class="home-slider-containermain"> <div class="slider slider-single"> <div><img width="2560" height="1115" src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Website-Statement_Homepage-Banner-_1-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" /><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Website-Statement_Homepage-Banner_Phone-_2.jpg" class="mob_banner"/> <div class="meta"> <div class="slc"> <h3>In Memoriam &#8211; Dr. Manmohan Singh (1932 &#8211; 2024)</h3> <div class="info"> </div> <a target="_blank" href="https://cprindia.org/in-memoriam-dr-manmohan-singh/" class="btn_1 outline"> Read more<span>&gt;</span></a> </div></div></div> <div><img width="8000" height="3481" src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Website-Banner-Desktop-2560-x-1114-2.png" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" /><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Mobile-banner-2.png" class="mob_banner"/> <div class="meta"> <div class="slc"> <h3>Book Release | Decentralisation and Empowerment: The Odisha Model of Urban Development</h3> <div class="info"> </div> <a target="_blank" href="https://cprindia.org/books/odisha-model-of-urban-development-decentralisation-and-empowerment/" class="btn_1 outline"> Read more<span>&gt;</span></a> </div></div></div> <div><img width="992" height="836" src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Dhampur-Baner-for-Website_Phone-2.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" /><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Dhampur-Baner-for-Website-1.jpg" class="mob_banner"/> <div class="meta"> <div class="slc"> <h3>Project &#8211; Four Decades of Development in Dhampur</h3> <div class="info"> </div> <a target="_blank" href="https://cprindia.org/project/four-decades-of-development-in-dhampur/" class="btn_1 outline"> Read more<span>&gt;</span></a> </div></div></div> <div><img width="2560" height="1115" src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Shyam-Babu_Perspective_Website-banners_REV-1-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" /><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Shyam-Babu_Perspective_Website-banners_REV2.jpg" class="mob_banner"/> <div class="meta"> <div class="slc"> <h3>CPR Perspectives: Interview with D Shyam Babu</h3> <div class="info"> </div> <a target="_blank" href="https://cprindia.org/cpr-perspectives-interview-with-shyam-babu/" class="btn_1 outline"> Read more<span>&gt;</span></a> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="slider slider-nav"> <div> <div class="item-slick"> <div class="captions"> <h3>In Memoriam &#8211; Dr. Manmohan Singh (1932 &#8211; 2024)</h3> </div> </div></div> <div> <div class="item-slick"> <div class="captions"> <h3>Book Release | Decentralisation and Empowerment: The Odisha Model o...</h3> </div> </div></div> <div> <div class="item-slick"> <div class="captions"> <h3>Project &#8211; Four Decades of Development in Dhampur</h3> </div> </div></div> <div> <div class="item-slick"> <div class="captions"> <h3>CPR Perspectives: Interview with D Shyam Babu</h3> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="home-video-sec"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3>Videos</h3> </div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 col-xl-7 col-xxl-7"> <div class="big-video"> <iframe width="100%" height="463" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HdNVng-8URA" title=" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="video-text">West Asia after Bashar al-Assad: Regional and Global Ramifications</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 col-xl-5 col-xxl-5"> <div class="thumb-video-sec small-video"> <div class="thumb-video-des"> <figure><iframe width="224" height="118" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EBEQsCma1pE" title=" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></figure> <div class="video-text">Nepal’s Foreign Policy Strategies: Has Hedging Worked?</div> </div> <div class="thumb-video-des"> <figure><iframe width="224" height="118" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HPvoWmaTwEM" title=" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></figure> <div class="video-text">Strategic Opportunities for India in Myanmar: Countering China’s Influence and Supporting Democracy</div> </div> <div class="thumb-video-des"> <figure><iframe width="224" height="118" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PEaD1Mr5Rxw" title=" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></figure> <div class="video-text">Making River-Sensitive Master Plans</div> </div> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT0LvSYjYr2gmUDhx7Z3wtw" class="btn_1 outline" target="_blank">View More<span>&gt;</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="home-featured-sec"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3>Featured Research</h3> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xl-8 col-xxl-9 card-left"> <div class="card"><a href="https://cprindia.org/briefsreports/chapter-integrating-fares-information-and-informal-transit/"></a> <div class="card-body"> <h5 class="card-title"> <a href="https://cprindia.org/briefsreports/chapter-integrating-fares-information-and-informal-transit/"> Chapter | Integrating Fares, Information, and Informal Trans</a> </h5> <div class="card-text"> Amid looming climate concerns, engineering a shift to public transport is now imperative. India, where car ownership is yet to increase substantially beyond the large metros, can achieve a modal shift </div> <a href="https://cprindia.org/briefsreports/chapter-integrating-fares-information-and-informal-transit/" class="btn_1 outline">Read More<span>&gt;</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-xxl-3 card-right"> <pre style='display:none'>Does Congress Party’s Performance in 2024 General Elections Signal Its Revival?</pre> <div class="card"><a href="https://cprindia.org/journalarticles/does-congress-partys-performance-in-2024-general-elections-signal-its-revival/"></a> <div class="card-body abc"> <h5 class="card-title"> <a href="https://cprindia.org/journalarticles/does-congress-partys-performance-in-2024-general-elections-signal-its-revival/">Does Congress Party’s Performance in 2024 General Elections Signal Its Revival? </a> </h5> <a href="https://cprindia.org/journalarticles/does-congress-partys-performance-in-2024-general-elections-signal-its-revival/" class="btn_1 outline">Read More<span>&gt;</span></a> </div> </div> <pre style='display:none'>Crisis as Inflection Point in the Urban Governance of Domestic Migration in India: A Policy Frames Analysis</pre> <div class="card"><a href="https://cprindia.org/journalarticles/crisis-as-inflection-point-in-the-urban-governance-of-domestic-migration-in-india-a-policy-frames-analysis/"></a> <div class="card-body abc"> <h5 class="card-title"> <a href="https://cprindia.org/journalarticles/crisis-as-inflection-point-in-the-urban-governance-of-domestic-migration-in-india-a-policy-frames-analysis/">Crisis as Inflection Point in the Urban Governance of Domestic Migration in India: A Policy Frames Analysis </a> </h5> <a href="https://cprindia.org/journalarticles/crisis-as-inflection-point-in-the-urban-governance-of-domestic-migration-in-india-a-policy-frames-analysis/" class="btn_1 outline">Read More<span>&gt;</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="home-podcast-sec"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3>India Speak: The CPR Podcast</h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fuild text-center"> <a href="podcast" target="_blank"> <img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/banner1.png" height="300px" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"></div> </div> <div class="home-event-sec"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3>Events</h3> </div> </div> <div class="tabs_menu"> <div class="tab-menu-sec"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item"> <a id="upcoming-events" href="#upcoming-events-tab" class="nav-link active" data-toggle="tab" role="tab">Upcoming Events</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a id="past-events" href="#past-events-tab" class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" role="tab">Past Events</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-content" role="tablist"> <div id="upcoming-events-tab" class="card tab-pane fade show active" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="upcoming-events-tab"> <!-- <div class="row justify-content-center"> --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 text-center"> <p class="text-center">There are no upcoming events scheduled.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="past-events-tab" class="card tab-pane fade" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="past-events-tab"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-4"> <article class="home-event"> <div class="event-info"> <h3><a href="https://cprindia.org/events/the-past-present-and-future-of-the-goods-and-services-tax-gst-law-in-india/">The Past, Present, and Future of the Goods and Services T...</a></h3> <div class="mon-date">Jan <span>30</span></div> </div> <figure> <img src="" alt=""> </figure> <div class="bottom-event-sec"> <div class="event-date-info"> <div class="full-md">January 30, 2025</div> <div class="full-md eve-time">4:00 pm to 5:30 pm</div> </div> <!-- <div class="add-calender"><a href="#">ADD TO CALENDAR</a></div> --> </div> </article> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-4"> <article class="home-event"> <div class="event-info"> <h3><a href="https://cprindia.org/events/channeling-compassion-towards-change-elite-volunteerism-corporate-philanthropy-and-education-reform-in-urban-india/">Channeling Compassion towards Change: Elite Volunteerism,...</a></h3> <div class="mon-date">Jan <span>28</span></div> </div> <figure> <img src="" alt=""> </figure> <div class="bottom-event-sec"> <div class="event-date-info"> <div class="full-md">January 28, 2025</div> <div class="full-md eve-time">3:45 pm to 5:15 pm</div> </div> <!-- <div class="add-calender"><a href="#">ADD TO CALENDAR</a></div> --> </div> </article> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-4"> <article class="home-event"> <div class="event-info"> <h3><a href="https://cprindia.org/events/indo-u-s-relations-in-the-trump-2-0-era/">Indo – U.S. Relations in the Trump 2.0 Era</a></h3> <div class="mon-date">Jan <span>27</span></div> </div> <figure> <img src="" alt=""> </figure> <div class="bottom-event-sec"> <div class="event-date-info"> <div class="full-md">January 27, 2025</div> <div class="full-md eve-time">3:00 pm to 4:30 pm</div> </div> <!-- <div class="add-calender"><a href="#">ADD TO CALENDAR</a></div> --> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /tabs_menu--> </div> <!-- /container --> </div> </main> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ var arr1 = []; $('#upcoming-events-tab > .row').find(".col-md-6").children(".home-event").each(function (){ var height = $(this).height(); arr1.push(height); }); arr1.sort(); $('#upcoming-events-tab > .row').find(".col-md-6").children(".home-event").each(function (){ $(this).height(arr1[arr1.length - 1]); //console.log($(this).height()); }); var arr2 = []; $('.slick-track').find(".slick-slide").children(".home-event").each(function (){ var height = $(this).height(); arr2.push(height); }); arr2.sort(); $('.slick-track').find(".slick-slide").children(".home-event").each(function (){ $(this).height(arr2[arr2.length - 1]); //console.log($(this).height()); }); var arr3 = []; setTimeout(function(){ // $('#past-events-tab > .row').find(".col-md-6").children(".home-event").each(function (){ // var height = $(this).height(); // arr3.push(height); // }); // arr3.sort(); // $('#past-events-tab > .row').find(".col-md-6").children(".home-event").each(function (){ // $(this).height(arr3[arr3.length - 1]); // }); }, 2000); $("#past-events").click(function(){ //alert("abcd"); $('#past-events-tab > .row').find(".col-md-6").children(".home-event").each(function (){ var height = $(this).height(); arr3.push(height); }); arr3.sort(); $('#past-events-tab > .row').find(".col-md-6").children(".home-event").each(function (){ //alert("height: " + $(this).height()); if($(this).height() <= 0){ $(this).height(228); } else { $(this).height(arr3[arr3.length - 1]); } }); }); arr1.sort(function(a, b) { return a - b; }); arr2.sort(function(a, b) { return a - b; }); arr3.sort(function(a, b) { return a - b; }); }); </script> <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-link f-first"> <div class="footer_wp"> <!-- <h3>About Us</h3>--> <div id="footer-sidebar1"> <aside id="nav_menu-7" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">About Us</h3><div class="menu-footer-about-container"><ul id="menu-footer-about" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-31167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31167"><a href="https://cprindia.org/who-we-are/">Who We Are</a></li> <li id="menu-item-413" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-413"><a href="https://cprindia.org/governing-board/">Governing Board</a></li> <li id="menu-item-412" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-412"><a href="https://cprindia.org/funding-support/">Funding Support</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31168"><a href="https://cprindia.org/work-with-us/">Work With Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40376" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40376"><a href="https://cprindia.org/archive/">Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40377" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40377"><a href="https://cprindia.org/safe-space/">CPR – A Safe Space</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40378" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40378"><a href="https://cprindia.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div></aside></div> <div id="footer-sidebar2"> <aside id="nav_menu-8" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Research</h3><div class="menu-footer-research-container"><ul id="menu-footer-research" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-31169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31169"><a href="https://cprindia.org/research-area/">Research Areas</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31170"><a href="https://cprindia.org/research-initiatives/">Research Initiatives</a></li> </ul></div></aside></div> <!-- <ul> <li><a href="#">People</a></li> <li><a href="#">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="#">News</a></li> <li><a href="#">The Centre</a></li> <li><a href="#">Covering Board</a></li> <li><a href="#">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="#">CPE-A Safe Space</a></li> </ul> --> </div> </div> <div class="footer-link f-second"> <div class="footer_wp"> <!-- <h3>Research</h3>--> <div id="footer-sidebar3"> <aside id="nav_menu-9" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">Publications</h3><div class="menu-footer-link-container"><ul id="menu-footer-link" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-31176" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31176"><a href="https://cprindia.org/policy-briefs-reports/">Policy Briefs &#038; Reports</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31173" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31173"><a href="https://cprindia.org/journal-articles/">Journal Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31177"><a href="https://cprindia.org/working-papers/">Working Papers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31171" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31171"><a href="https://cprindia.org/book/">Books</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31172" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31172"><a href="https://cprindia.org/book-chapters/">Book Chapters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31174"><a href="https://cprindia.org/news-blogs/">Policy Engagements &#038; Blogs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31175" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31175"><a href="https://cprindia.org/opinion-and-commentary/">Opinion &#038; Commentary</a></li> </ul></div></aside></div> <!-- <ul> <li><a href="#">Opinions</a></li> <li><a href="#">Books</a></li> <li><a href="#">Journal Articles</a></li> <li><a href="#">Book Chapters</a></li> <li><a href="#">Briefs & Reports</a></li> <li><a href="#">Working Papers</a></li> <li><a href="#">Projects</a></li> </ul> --> </div> </div> <div class="footer-link f-third"> <div class="footer_wp"> <div id="footer-sidebar4"> <aside id="nav_menu-6" class="widget widget_nav_menu"><h3 class="widget-title">People</h3><div class="menu-footer-people-container"><ul id="menu-footer-people" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-31179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31179"><a href="https://cprindia.org/faculty/">Faculty</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31180"><a href="https://cprindia.org/faculty-emeriti/">Faculty Emeriti</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31182" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31182"><a href="https://cprindia.org/research-staff/">Researchers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31178" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31178"><a href="https://cprindia.org/communications/">Communications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31181" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31181"><a href="https://cprindia.org/operations-and-finance/">Finance &#038; Admin</a></li> <li id="menu-item-31183" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31183"><a href="https://cprindia.org/staff-directory/">Staff Directory</a></li> </ul></div></aside></div> <!-- <ul> <li><a href="#">Events</a></li> <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="#">Vacancies</a></li> <li><a href="#">Notices</a></li> </ul> --> </div> </div> <div class="newsletter-sec"> <h3><a href="https://cprindia.org/subscribe">Subscribe to email updates</a></h3> <div class="foo-email"><a href="mailto:communication@cprindia.org">Click here share your feedback</a></div> <!-- <div id="newsletter"> <div id="message-newsletter"></div> <form method="post" action="#" name="newsletter_form" id="newsletter_form"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="email" name="email_newsletter" id="email_newsletter" class="form-control" placeholder="Enter email Address"> <button type="submit" id="submit-newsletter">Subscribe</button> </div> </form> </div> --> <div class="social-icon"> <span>Follow us on social:</span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CentreforPolicyResearch/" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-facebook.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCT0LvSYjYr2gmUDhx7Z3wtw" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-youtube.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/centre-for-policy-research/?trk=ppro_cprof" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-in.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/CPR_India?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/icon-twitter.png" width="23" height="23" alt="" /></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/cpr_india/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=" target="_blank"><img src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/images/IG_icon.png" width="23" height="23" alt=""/></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <a class="back-to-top"> <span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-up" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-up fa-w-14 fa-2x"><path fill="#2c314c" d="M34.9 289.5l-22.2-22.2c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L207 39c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l194.3 194.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L413 289.4c-9.5 9.5-25 9.3-34.3-.4L264 168.6V456c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24h-32c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V168.6L69.2 289.1c-9.3 9.8-24.8 10-34.3.4z" class="yellow-clr"></path></svg></span> </a> <!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <!-- YouTube Feed JS --> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/regenerator-runtime.min.js?ver=0.13.7' id='regenerator-runtime-js'></script> <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0' id='wp-polyfill-js'></script> <script id='contact-form-7-js-extra'> var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/cprindia.org\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"}}; </script> <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.5.3' id='contact-form-7-js'></script> <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/navigation.js?ver=1.0.0' id='cpr-navigation-js'></script> <script id='heateor_sss_sharing_js-js-before'> function heateorSssLoadEvent(e) {var t=window.onload;if (typeof window.onload!="function") {window.onload=e}else{window.onload=function() {t();e()}}}; var heateorSssSharingAjaxUrl = 'https://cprindia.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', heateorSssCloseIconPath = 'https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/close.png', heateorSssPluginIconPath = 'https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/logo.png', heateorSssHorizontalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssVerticalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssSharingOffset = -10; var heateorSssMobileStickySharingEnabled = 1;var heateorSssCopyLinkMessage = "Link copied.";var heateorSssUrlCountFetched = [], heateorSssSharesText = 'Shares', heateorSssShareText = 'Share';function heateorSssPopup(e) {window.open(e,"popUpWindow","height=400,width=600,left=400,top=100,resizable,scrollbars,toolbar=0,personalbar=0,menubar=no,location=no,directories=no,status")} </script> <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/js/sassy-social-share-public.js?ver=3.3.40' id='heateor_sss_sharing_js-js'></script> <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.10.1' id='hoverIntent-js'></script> <script id='megamenu-js-extra'> var megamenu = {"timeout":"300","interval":"100"}; </script> <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-content/plugins/megamenu/js/maxmegamenu.js?ver=2.9.5' id='megamenu-js'></script> <script src='https://cprindia.org/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.8.2' id='wp-embed-js'></script> <!-- BEGIN SEARCHWP DEBUG [NO QUERIES] END SEARCHWP DEBUG --> <script src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/modal_popup.js"></script> <script src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/slick.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/slider_func.js"></script> <script src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/marquee.js"></script> <script src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/common_func.js"></script> <script src="https://cprindia.org/wp-content/themes/cpr/js/custom.js"></script> <script> jQuery('.search-toggle').addClass('closed'); jQuery('.search-toggle .search-icon').click(function(e) { if (jQuery('.search-toggle').hasClass('closed')) { jQuery('.search-toggle').removeClass('closed').addClass('opened'); jQuery('.search-toggle, .search-container').addClass('opened'); jQuery('#search-terms').focus(); } else { jQuery('.search-toggle').removeClass('opened').addClass('closed'); jQuery('.search-toggle, .search-container').removeClass('opened'); } }); jQuery(".tab_content").hide(); jQuery(".tab_content:first").show(); /* if in tab mode */ jQuery("ul.tabs li").click(function() { jQuery(".tab_content").hide(); var activeTab = jQuery(this).attr("rel"); jQuery("#"+activeTab).fadeIn(); jQuery("ul.tabs li").removeClass("active"); jQuery(this).addClass("active"); jQuery(".tab_drawer_heading").removeClass("d_active"); jQuery(".tab_drawer_heading[rel^='"+activeTab+"']").addClass("d_active"); }); /* if in drawer mode */ jQuery(".tab_drawer_heading").click(function() { jQuery(".tab_content").hide(); var d_activeTab = jQuery(this).attr("rel"); jQuery("#"+d_activeTab).fadeIn(); jQuery(".tab_drawer_heading").removeClass("d_active"); jQuery(this).addClass("d_active"); jQuery("ul.tabs li").removeClass("active"); jQuery("ul.tabs li[rel^='"+d_activeTab+"']").addClass("active"); }); /* Extra class "tab_last" to add border to right side of last tab */ jQuery('ul.tabs li').last().addClass("tab_last"); </script> <script> jQuery('.slider-single').slick({ slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, arrows: false, fade: false, adaptiveHeight: true, infinite: false, useTransform: true, autoplay: true, speed:1000, cssEase: 'cubic-bezier(0.77, 0, 0.18, 1)', }); jQuery('.slider-nav') .on('init', function(event, slick) { jQuery('.slider-nav .slick-slide.slick-current').addClass('is-active'); }) .slick({ slidesToShow: 4, slidesToScroll:4, dots: false, focusOnSelect: false, arrows: false, infinite: false, responsive: [{ breakpoint: 1024, settings: { slidesToShow: 4, slidesToScroll: 4, } }, { breakpoint: 767, settings: { slidesToShow: 2, slidesToScroll:1, arrows: false, } }] }); jQuery('.slider-single').on('afterChange', function(event, slick, currentSlide) { jQuery('.slider-nav').slick('slickGoTo', currentSlide); var currrentNavSlideElem = '.slider-nav .slick-slide[data-slick-index="' + currentSlide + '"]'; jQuery('.slider-nav .slick-slide.is-active').removeClass('is-active'); jQuery(currrentNavSlideElem).addClass('is-active'); }); jQuery('.slider-nav').on('click', '.slick-slide', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); var goToSingleSlide = jQuery(this).data('slick-index'); jQuery('.slider-single').slick('slickGoTo', goToSingleSlide); }); jQuery('.author-name h5').each(function() { var linkText = jQuery(this).html(); var linkText1 = linkText.toLowerCase(); jQuery(this).html(linkText1); }); jQuery('.publish-sec h3').each(function() { var linkText = jQuery(this).html(); var linkText1 = linkText.toLowerCase(); jQuery(this).html(linkText1); }); jQuery('.publish-sec h3 a').each(function() { var linkText = jQuery(this).html(); var linkText1 = linkText.toLowerCase(); jQuery(this).html(linkText1); }); jQuery('.tab-news-sec .news-date p').each(function() { var linkText = jQuery(this).html(); var linkText1 = linkText.toLowerCase(); jQuery(this).html(linkText1); }); jQuery('.pbr-heading-sec h3').each(function() { var linkText = jQuery(this).html(); var linkText1 = linkText.toLowerCase(); jQuery(this).html(linkText1); }); jQuery('.tab-news-sec .news-date p').each(function() { var linkText = jQuery(this).html(); var linkText1 = linkText.toLowerCase(); jQuery(this).html(linkText1); }); $(document).ready(function(){ if (window.location.href.indexOf("past-events") > -1) { setTimeout (function () { $("#past-events").trigger("click"); $('.nav-link').removeClass('active'); $('#past-events').addClass('active'); }, 500) } }) </script> <script src='https://isotope.metafizzy.co/isotope.pkgd.js'></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ // $("#options").click(function(){ // var test = $(".category12").val(); // alert(test); // }); // var test = $(".category").val(); // alert(test); jQuery('#container').isotope({ // options itemSelector: '.item', layoutMode: 'fitRows' }); updateCount(); }); var filters = {}; // do stuff when checkbox change $('#options').on( 'change', function( jQEvent ) { var $checkbox = $( jQEvent.target ); manageCheckbox( $checkbox ); var comboFilter = getComboFilter( filters ); $('#container').isotope({ filter: comboFilter }); $('#container').isotope( 'on', 'layoutComplete', function( isoInstance, laidOutItems ) { updateCount(); } ); }); $.expr[':'].hasClassStartingWith = function(el, i, selector) { var re = new RegExp("\\b" + selector[3]); return re.test(el.className); } function updateCount() { var numItems = 0; $('.count').each(function( index ) { if ( $(this).prev('input').hasClass('all') ) { numItems = $('.item').length; $(this).html(numItems); } else { itemClass = $(this).prev('input').val().substring(1); var itemSelector = "#container div:hasClassStartingWith('" + itemClass + "')"; numItems = $(itemSelector).not(":hidden").length; $(this).html(numItems); } }); } function getComboFilter( filters ) { var i = 0; var comboFilters = []; var message = []; for ( var prop in filters ) { message.push( filters[ prop ].join(' ') ); var filterGroup = filters[ prop ]; // skip to next filter group if it doesn't have any values if ( !filterGroup.length ) { continue; } if ( i === 0 ) { // copy to new array comboFilters = filterGroup.slice(0); } else { var filterSelectors = []; // copy to fresh array var groupCombo = comboFilters.slice(0); // [ A, B ] // merge filter Groups for (var k=0, len3 = filterGroup.length; k < len3; k++) { for (var j=0, len2 = groupCombo.length; j < len2; j++) { filterSelectors.push( groupCombo[j] + filterGroup[k] ); // [ 1, 2 ] } } // apply filter selectors to combo filters for next group comboFilters = filterSelectors; } i++; } var comboFilter = comboFilters.join(', '); return comboFilter; } function manageCheckbox( $checkbox ) { var checkbox = $checkbox[0]; var group = $checkbox.parents('fieldset').attr('data-group'); // create array for filter group, if not there yet var filterGroup = filters[ group ]; if ( !filterGroup ) { filterGroup = filters[ group ] = []; } var isAll = $checkbox.hasClass('all'); // reset filter group if the all box was checked if ( isAll ) { delete filters[ group ]; if ( !checkbox.checked ) { checkbox.checked = 'checked'; } } // index of var index = $.inArray( checkbox.value, filterGroup ); if ( checkbox.checked ) { var selector = isAll ? 'input' : 'input.all'; $checkbox.siblings( selector ).removeAttr('checked'); if ( !isAll && index === -1 ) { // add filter to group filters[ group ].push( checkbox.value ); } } else if ( !isAll ) { // remove filter from group filters[ group ].splice( index, 1 ); // if unchecked the last box, check the all if ( !$checkbox.siblings('[checked]').length ) { $checkbox.siblings('input.all').attr('checked', 'checked'); } } } </script> </body> </html><!-- WP Fastest Cache file was created in 0.34144997596741 seconds, on 06-02-25 22:50:14 --><!-- via php -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10