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growth</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: root growth"> <meta name="keywords" content="root growth"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="root growth"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7301</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: root growth</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7271</span> Impact of Nano-Anatase TiO₂ on the Germination Indices and Seedling Growth of Some Plant Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayhaneh%20Amooaghaie">Rayhaneh Amooaghaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Norouzi"> Maryam Norouzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effects of nTiO₂ on seed germination and growth of six plant species (wheat, soybean, tomato, canola, cucumber, and lettuce) were evaluated in petri dish (direct exposure) and in soil in a greenhouse experiment (soil exposure). Data demonstrate that under both culture conditions, low or mild concentrations of nTiO₂ either stimulated or had no effect on seed germination, root growth and vegetative biomass while high concentrations had an inhibitory effect. However, results showed that the impacts of nTiO₂ on plant growth in soil were partially consistent with those observed in pure culture. Based on both experiment sets, among above six species, lettuce and canola were the most susceptible and the most tolerant species to nTiO₂ toxicity. However, results revealed the impacts of nTiO₂ on plant growth in soil were less than petri dish exposure probability due to dilution in soil and complexation/aggregation of nTiO₂ that would lead to lower exposure of plants. The high concentrations of nTiO₂ caused significant reductions in fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and root and chlorophyll and carotenoids contents of all species which also coincided with further accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). These findings suggest that decreasing growth might be the result of an nTiO₂-induced oxidative stress and disturbance of photosynthesis systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll" title="chlorophyll">chlorophyll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20TiO%E2%82%82" title=" nano TiO₂"> nano TiO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20germination" title=" seed germination"> seed germination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89083/impact-of-nano-anatase-tio2-on-the-germination-indices-and-seedling-growth-of-some-plant-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7270</span> Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Chromium Toxicity in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghulam%20Hassan%20Abbasi">Ghulam Hassan Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moazzam%20Jamil"> Moazzam Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazala%20Akhtar"> Ghazala Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Anwar-ul-Haq"> M.Anwar-ul-Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are significant pollutants in environment and their toxicity is a problem for survival of living things while salicylic acid (SA) is signaling and ubiquitous bioactive molecule that regulates cellular mechanism in plants under stress condition. Therefore, exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) under chromium stress in two chickpea varieties were investigated in hydroponic experiment with five treatments comprising of control, 5 µM Cr + 5 mM SA, 5µM Cr + 10 mM SA, 10µM Cr + 5 mM SA, and 10µM Cr + 10 mM SA. Results revealed that treatments of plants with 10 mM SA application under both 5 µM Cr and 10 µM Cr stress resulted in maximum improvement in plant morphological attributes (root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, membrane stability index and relative water contents) relative to 5 mM SA application in both chickpea varieties. Results regarding Cr concentration showed that Cr was more retained in roots followed by shoots and maximum reduction in Cr uptake was observed at 10 mM SA application. Chickpea variety BRC-61 showed maximum growth and least concentration of Cr in root and shoot relative to BRC-390 variety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title="chromium">chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chickpea" title=" Chickpea"> Chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylic%20acid" title=" salicylic acid"> salicylic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21486/role-of-salicylic-acid-in-alleviating-chromium-toxicity-in-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7269</span> The Effects of Cow Manure Treated by Fruit Beetle Larvae, Waxworms and Tiger Worms on Plant Growth in Relation to Its Use as Potting Compost</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20S.%20Alwaneen">Waleed S. Alwaneen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dairy industry is flourishing in world to provide milk and milk products to local population. Besides milk products, dairy industries also generate a substantial amount of cow manure that significantly affects the environment. Moreover, heat produced during the decomposition of the cow manure adversely affects the crop germination. Different companies are producing vermicompost using different species of worms/larvae to overcome the harmful effects using fresh manure. Tiger worm treatment enhanced plant growth, especially in the compost-manure ratio (75% compost, 25% cow manure), followed by a ratio of 50% compost, 50% cow manure.  Results also indicated that plant growth in Waxworm treated manure was weak as compared to plant growth in compost treated with Fruit Beetle (FB), Waxworms (WW), and Control (C) especially in the compost (25% compost, 75% cow manure) and 100% cow manure where there was no growth at all. Freshplant weight, fresh leaf weight and fresh root weight were significantly higher in the compost treated with Tiger worms in (75% compost, 25% cow manure); no evidence was seen for any significant differences in the dry root weight measurement between FB, Tiger worms (TW), WW, Control (C) in all composts. TW produced the best product, especially at the compost ratio of 75% compost, 25% cow manure followed by 50% compost, 50% cow manure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20beetle" title="fruit beetle">fruit beetle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tiger%20worms" title=" tiger worms"> tiger worms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waxworms" title=" waxworms"> waxworms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112712/the-effects-of-cow-manure-treated-by-fruit-beetle-larvae-waxworms-and-tiger-worms-on-plant-growth-in-relation-to-its-use-as-potting-compost" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7268</span> Selection of Lead Mobilizing Bacteria from Contaminated Soils and Their Potential in Promoting Plant Growth through Plant Growth Promoting Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Manzoor">Maria Manzoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iram%20Gul"> Iram Gul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated soil collected from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The strains were investigated for lead resistance and their effect on Pb solubility and PGPR activity. Incubation experiments were carried for inoculated and unoculated soil containing different levels of Pb. Results revealed that few stains (BTM-4, BTM-11, BTM-14) were able to tolerate Pb up to 600 mg L-1, whereas five strains (BTM-3, BTM-6, BTM-10, BTM-21 and BTM-24) showed significant increase in solubility of Pb when compared to all other strains and control. The CaCl2 extractable Pb was increased by 13.6, 6.8, 4.4 and 2.4 folds compared to un-inoculated control soil at increased soil Pb concentration (500, 1000, 1500 and 200 mg kg-1, respectively). The selected bacterial strains (11) were further investigated for plant growth promotion activity through PGPR assays including. Germination and root elongation assays were also conducted under elevated metal concentration in controlled conditions to elucidate the effects of microbial strains upon plant growth and development. The results showed that all the strains tested in this study, produced significantly varying concentrations of IAA, siderophores and gibberellic acid along with ability to phosphorus solubilization index (PSI). The results of germination and root elongation assay further confirmed the beneficial role of the microbial strains in elevating metal stress through PGPR activity. Among all tested strains, BTM-10 significantly improved plant growth. 1.3 and 2.7 folds increase in root and shoot length was observed when compared to control. Which may be attributed to presence of important plant growth promoting enzymes (IAA 74.6 μg/ml; GA 19.23 μg/ml; Sidrophore units 49% and PSI 1.3 cm). The outcome of this study indicates that these Pb tolerant and solubilizing strains may have the potential for plant growth promotion under metal stress and can be used as mediator when coupled with heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pb%20resistant%20bacteria" title="Pb resistant bacteria">Pb resistant bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pb%20mobilizing%20bacteria" title=" Pb mobilizing bacteria"> Pb mobilizing bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phytoextraction%20of%20Pb" title=" Phytoextraction of Pb"> Phytoextraction of Pb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGPR%20activity%20of%20bacteria" title=" PGPR activity of bacteria"> PGPR activity of bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70496/selection-of-lead-mobilizing-bacteria-from-contaminated-soils-and-their-potential-in-promoting-plant-growth-through-plant-growth-promoting-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7267</span> Effect of Different Media and Planting Time on the Cuttings of Cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Rootstock Colt Under the Agro Climatic Conditions of Temprate Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Ali%20Khan%20Sajjad%20Ali%20Khan">Sajjad Ali Khan Sajjad Ali Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gohar%20Ayub"> Gohar Ayub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalil%20Ur%20Rahman"> Khalil Ur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajid"> Muhammad Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mumtaz%20Farooq"> Mumtaz Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Irshad"> Mohammad Irshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haider%20Ali"> Haider Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A trail was carried out to know the effect of different soil media and planting time on the cuttings of cherry (Prunus avium L.) rootstock Colt at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Mingora swat, during winter 2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement and was replicated three times. Soil media (Silt, Garden soil and Silt+Garden soil+FYM) were assigned to main plots whereas, planting Dates (1st Jan, 11th Jan, 21st Jan, 1st Feb, 11th Feb, 21st Feb and 2nd March) subjected to sub plots. The data recorded on sprouting percentage, shoot diameter cutting-1, number of leaves cutting-1, rootstock height (cm), survival percentage, number of roots, root length (cm), root volume (cm3) and root weight (gm) were significantly affected by different soil media. Maximum sprouting percentage (100%), shoot diameter (1.72 mm), number of leaves cutting-1 (76.74), rootstock height (104.36 cm), survival percentage (41.67%), number of roots (76.35), root length (11.28 cm), root volume (4.43 cm3) and root weight (4.64 gm) were recorded in media M3 (Garden soil+silt+FYM). A significant response to various planting dates were observed for most of vegetative and rooting attributes of cherry rootstock Colt. 1st January plantation showed maximum sprouting percentage (100%), shoot diameter (1.99 mm), number of leaves (81.46), rootstock height (126.24 cm), survival percentage (58.12%), whereas 11th January plantation showed more number of roots (94.43), root length (10.60 cm), root volume (3.68 cm3) and root weight (3.71 gm). Based on the results from the experimental work, it is recommended that cherry cuttings should be planted in early January in soil media (Silt+Garden soil+ FYM) for better growth and development under the agro climatic conditions of temperate region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20media" title="soil media">soil media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cherry%20rootstock" title=" cherry rootstock"> cherry rootstock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planting%20dates" title=" planting dates"> planting dates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20parameters" title=" growth parameters"> growth parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157329/effect-of-different-media-and-planting-time-on-the-cuttings-of-cherry-prunus-avium-l-rootstock-colt-under-the-agro-climatic-conditions-of-temprate-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7266</span> Inhibitory Effects of Ambrosia trifida L. on the Development of Root Hairs and Protein Patterns of Radicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Hyon%20Kil">Ji-Hyon Kil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kew-Cheol%20Shim"> Kew-Cheol Shim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung-Ae%20Park"> Kyoung-Ae Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoungho%20Kim"> Kyoungho Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ambrosia trifida L. is designated as invasive alien species by the Act on the Conservation and Use of Biodiversity by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The purpose of present paper was to investigate the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of A.trifida on the development of root hairs of Triticum aestivum L., and Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng and the electrophoretic protein patterns of their radicles. The development of root hairs was inhibited by increasing of aqueous extract concentrations. Through SDS-PAGE, the electrophoretic protein bands of extracted proteins from their radicles were appeared in controls, but protein bands of specific molecular weight disappeared or weakened in treatments. In conclusion, inhibitory effects of A. trifida made two receptor species changed morphologically, and at the molecular level in early growth stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambrosia%20trifida%20L." title="Ambrosia trifida L.">Ambrosia trifida L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20alien%20species" title=" invasive alien species"> invasive alien species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20effect" title=" inhibitory effect"> inhibitory effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20hair" title=" root hair"> root hair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrophoretic%20protein" title=" electrophoretic protein"> electrophoretic protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radicle" title=" radicle"> radicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10284/inhibitory-effects-of-ambrosia-trifida-l-on-the-development-of-root-hairs-and-protein-patterns-of-radicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7265</span> Human Errors in IT Services, HFACS Model in Root Cause Categorization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kari%20Saarelainen">Kari Saarelainen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marko%20Jantti"> Marko Jantti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> IT service trending of root causes of service incidents and problems is an important part of proactive problem management and service improvement. Human error related root causes are an important root cause category also in IT service management, although it’s proportion among root causes is smaller than in the other industries. The research problem in this study is: How root causes of incidents related to human errors should be categorized in an ITSM organization to effectively support service improvement. Categorization based on IT service management processes and based on Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) taxonomy was studied in a case study. HFACS is widely used in human error root cause categorization across many industries. Combining these two categorization models in a two dimensional matrix was found effective, yet impractical for daily work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT%20service%20management" title="IT service management">IT service management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITIL" title=" ITIL"> ITIL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incident" title=" incident"> incident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem" title=" problem"> problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HFACS" title=" HFACS"> HFACS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swiss%20cheese%20model" title=" swiss cheese model"> swiss cheese model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27369/human-errors-in-it-services-hfacs-model-in-root-cause-categorization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7264</span> An Empirical Investigation into the Effect of Macroeconomic Policy on Economic Growth in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakiya%20Abba">Rakiya Abba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the effect of the money supply, exchange and interest rate on economic growth in Nigeria through the application of Augmented Dickey-Fuller technique in testing the unit root property of the series and Granger causality test of causation between GDP, money supply, the exchange, and interest rate. The results of unit root suggest that all the variables in the model are stationary at 1, 5 and 10 percent level of significance, and the results of Causality suggest that money supply and exchange granger cause IR, the result further reveals two – way causation existed between M2 and EXR while IR granger cause GDP the null hypothesis is rejected and GDP does not granger cause IR as indicated by their probability values of 0.4805 and confirmed by F-statistics values of 0.75483. The results revealed that M2 and EXR do not granger causes GDP, the null hypothesis is accepted at 75percent 18percent respectively as indicated by their probability values of 0.7472 and 0.1830 respectively; also, GDP does not granger cause M2 and EXR. The Johansen cointegration result indicates that despite GDP does not granger cause M2, IR, and EXR, but there existed 1 cointegrating equation, implying the existence of long-run relationship between GDP, M2 IR, and EXR. A major policy implication of this result is that economic growth is function of and money supply and exchange rate, effective monetary policies should direct on manipulating instruments and importance should be placed on justification for adopting a particular policy be rationalized in order to increase growth in economy <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=money%20supply" title=" money supply"> money supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20rate" title=" interest rate"> interest rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title=" exchange rate"> exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality" title=" causality"> causality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52479/an-empirical-investigation-into-the-effect-of-macroeconomic-policy-on-economic-growth-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7263</span> Determination of Yield and Yield Components of Fodder Beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. rapacea Koch.) Cultivars under the Konya Region Conditions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ozkose">A. Ozkose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to determination of yield and yield components of some fodder beet types (Amarilla Barres, Feldherr, Kyros, Magnum, and Rota) under the Konya region conditions. Fodder beet was obtained from the Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, at 2006-2007 season and the experiment was established in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Differences among the averages of the fodder beet cultivars are statistically important in terms of all the characteristics investigated. Leaf attitude value was 1.2–2.2 (1=erect; 5= prostrate), root shape scale value was (1=spheroidal – 9=cylindrical), root diameter 11.0–12.2 cm, remaining part of root on the ground was 6.3–13.7 cm, root length was 21.4 – 29.6 cm, leaf yield 1592 – 1917 kg/da, root yield was 10083–12258 kg/da, root dry matter content was %8.2– 18.6 and root dry matter yield was 889–1887 kg/da. As a result of the study, it was determined that fodder beet cultivars are different conditions in terms of yield and yield components. Therefore, determination of appropriate cultivars for each region affect crop yield importantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fedder%20beet" title="fedder beet">fedder beet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20yield" title=" root yield"> root yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20components" title=" yield components"> yield components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konya" title=" Konya"> Konya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3225/determination-of-yield-and-yield-components-of-fodder-beet-beta-vulgaris-l-var-rapacea-koch-cultivars-under-the-konya-region-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7262</span> Effects of Deficit Watering and Potassium Fertigation on Growth and Yield Response of Cassava</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20O.%20Wasonga">Daniel O. Wasonga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jouko%20Kleemola"> Jouko Kleemola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Alakukku"> Laura Alakukku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pirjo%20Makela"> Pirjo Makela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major food crop for millions of people in the tropics. Growth and yield of cassava in the arid-tropics are seriously constrained by intermittent water deficit and low soil K content. Therefore, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of interaction between water deficit and K fertigation on growth and yield response of biofortified cassava at early growth phase. Yellow cassava cultivar was grown under controlled glasshouse conditions in 5-L pots containing 1.7 kg of pre-fertilized potting mix. Plants were watered daily for 30 days after planting. Treatments were three watering levels (30%, severe water deficit; 60%, mild water deficit; 100%, well-watered), on which K (0.01, 1, 4, 16 and 32 mM) was split. Plants were harvested at 90 days after planting. Leaf area was smallest in plants grown with 30% watering and 0.01 mM K, and largest in plants grown with 100% watering and 32 mM K. Leaf, root, and total dry mass decreased in water-stressed plants. However, dry mass was markedly higher when plants were grown with 16 mM K under all watering levels in comparison to other K concentrations. The highest leaf, root and total dry mass were in plants with 100% watering and 16 mM K. In conclusion, K improved the growth of plants under water deficit and thus, K application on soils with low moisture and low K may improve the productivity of cassava. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20mass" title="dry mass">dry mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20area" title=" leaf area"> leaf area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manihot%20esculenta" title=" Manihot esculenta"> Manihot esculenta</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109372/effects-of-deficit-watering-and-potassium-fertigation-on-growth-and-yield-response-of-cassava" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7261</span> Allelopathic Effects of Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Extract on the Germination and Early Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Halabianfar">Amir Halabianfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Razmjoo"> Jamshid Razmjoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to evaluate the competitive effects of Lambsqua on the germination and early growth of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, an experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions in researches of agronomy, College of agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology in 2015. A laboratory experiment was conducted on a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete design with four replications. Testing factors include two wheat cultivars (Flat and Atila -4) and three level of Lambsqua (Chenopodium album) extract (30, 60 and 90 percent) plus control with no extract. Twenty-five seeds of each wheat varieties were placed in petri dish, then the root extract of lambsqua, which was prepared previously at three levels, was poured on the seeds in each petri dish. The result showed that allelopathic effect of Lambsquarter on germination, root, and shoot dry weight of two varieties was highly significant. Among varieties, the Atila–4 showed minimum germination at 60% while the Flat showed minimum germination at 90% concentration. In case of root dry weight, Atila–4 was more suppressed as compared to Flat at 60% concentration but at 90% concentration, the both wheat varieties were reduced non-significantly. Shoot dry weight of Flat were decreased non-significantly concentrations except Atila -4 that was more reduced at 60 % than 90% concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allelopathy" title="allelopathy">allelopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenopodium%20album" title=" Chenopodium album"> Chenopodium album</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title=" extract"> extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20growth" title=" early growth"> early growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78721/allelopathic-effects-of-lambsquarters-chenopodium-album-extract-on-the-germination-and-early-growth-of-wheat-triticum-aestivum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7260</span> A Periodogram-Based Spectral Method Approach: The Relationship between Tourism and Economic Growth in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesut%20BALIBEY">Mesut BALIBEY</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serpil%20T%C3%9CRKYILMAZ"> Serpil TÜRKYILMAZ</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A popular topic in the econometrics and time series area is the cointegrating relationships among the components of a nonstationary time series. Engle and Granger’s least squares method and Johansen’s conditional maximum likelihood method are the most widely-used methods to determine the relationships among variables. Furthermore, a method proposed to test a unit root based on the periodogram ordinates has certain advantages over conventional tests. Periodograms can be calculated without any model specification and the exact distribution under the assumption of a unit root is obtained. For higher order processes the distribution remains the same asymptotically. In this study, in order to indicate advantages over conventional test of periodograms, we are going to examine a possible relationship between tourism and economic growth during the period 1999:01-2010:12 for Turkey by using periodogram method, Johansen’s conditional maximum likelihood method, Engle and Granger’s ordinary least square method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title="cointegration">cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodogram%20ordinate" title=" periodogram ordinate"> periodogram ordinate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14439/a-periodogram-based-spectral-method-approach-the-relationship-between-tourism-and-economic-growth-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7259</span> Field Application of Trichoderma Harzianum for Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematodes in Summer Tomatoes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baharullah%20Khattak">Baharullah Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saifullah"> Saifullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To study the efficacy of the selected Trichoderma isolates, field trials were conducted in the root-knot nematode-infested areas of Dargai and Swat, Pakistan. Four isolates of T. harzianum viz, Th-1, Th-2, Th-9 and Th-15 were tested against root knot nematodes on summer tomatoes under field conditions. The T. harzianum isolates, grown on wheat grains substrate, were applied @ 8 g plant-1, either alone or in different combinations. Root weight of tomato plants was reduced Th-9 as compared to 26.37 g in untreated control. Isolate Th-1 was found to enhance shoot and root lengths to the maximum levels of 78.76 cm and 19.59 cm, respectively. Tomato shoot weight was significantly increased (65.36g) in Th-1-treated plots as compared to 49.66 g in control. Maximum (156) number of flowers plant-1 and highest (48.18%) fruit set plant-1 was observed in Th-1 treated plots, while there were 87 flowers and 35.50% fruit set in the untreated control. Maximum fruit weight (70.97 g) plant-1 and highest (17.99 t ha-1) marketable yield were recorded in the treatments where T. harzianum isolate Th-1 was used, in comparison to 51.33 g tomato fruit weight and 9.90 t ha-1 yield was noted in the control plots. It was observed that T. harzianum isolates significantly reduced the nematode populations. The fungus enhanced plant growth and yield in all the treated plots. Jabban isolate (Th-1) was found as the most effective in nematode suppression followed by Shamozai (Th-9) isolate. It was concluded from the present findings that T. harzianum has a potential bio control capability against root-knot nematodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title="biological control">biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trichoderma%20harzianum" title=" Trichoderma harzianum"> Trichoderma harzianum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root-knot%20nematode" title=" root-knot nematode"> root-knot nematode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meloidogyne" title=" meloidogyne"> meloidogyne</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22204/field-application-of-trichoderma-harzianum-for-biological-control-of-root-knot-nematodes-in-summer-tomatoes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7258</span> Efficacy of Nemafric-BL Phytonematicide on Suppression of Root-Knot Nematodes and Growth of Tomato Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pontsho%20E.%20Tseke">Pontsho E. Tseke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phatu%20W.%20Mashela"> Phatu W. Mashela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cucurbitacin-containing phytonematicides had been consistent in suppressing root-knot (Meloidogyne species) when used in dried crude form, with limited evidence whether the efficacy could be affected when fresh fruits were used during fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide prepared using fermented crude extracts of fresh fruit from wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) on the growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants and suppression of Meloidogyne species. Seedlings of tomato cultivar ‘Floradade’ were inoculated with 3 000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita race 2 in pot trials, with treatments comprising 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 % Nemafric-BL phytonematicide. At 56 days after inoculation, the phytonematicide reduced eggs and J2 in roots by 84-97%, J2 in soil by 49-96% and total nematodes by 70-97%. Plant variables and concentrations of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide exhibited positive quadratic relations, with 74-98% associations. In conclusion, fresh fruit of C. africanus could be used for the preparation of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide, particularly in cases where the dry infrastructure is not available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cucurbitacin%20B" title="Cucurbitacin B">Cucurbitacin B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density-dependent%20growth" title=" density-dependent growth"> density-dependent growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20microorganisms" title=" effective microorganisms"> effective microorganisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadratic%20relations" title=" quadratic relations"> quadratic relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72583/efficacy-of-nemafric-bl-phytonematicide-on-suppression-of-root-knot-nematodes-and-growth-of-tomato-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7257</span> Conceptual Methods of Mitigating Matured Urban Tree Roots Surviving in Conflicts Growth within Built Environment: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Suhaizan%20Shamsuddin">Mohd Suhaizan Shamsuddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urbanization exacerbates the environment quality and pressures of matured urban trees' growth and development in changing environment. The growth of struggled matured urban tree-roots by spreading within the existences of infrastructures, resulting in large damage to the structured and declined growth. Many physiological growths declined or damages by the present and installations of infrastructures within and nearby root zone. Afford to remain both matured urban tree and infrastructures as a service provider causes damage and death, respectively. Inasmuch, spending more expenditure on fixing both or removing matured urban trees as risky to the future environment as the mitigation methods to reduce the problems are unconcerned. This paper aims to explain mitigation method practices of reducing the encountered problems of matured urban tree-roots settling and infrastructures while modified urban soil to sustain at an optimum level. Three categories capturing encountered conflicts growth of matured urban tree-roots growth within and nearby infrastructures by mitigating the problems of limited soil spaces, poor soil structures and soil space barrier installations and maintenance. The limited soil space encountered many conflicts and identified six methods that mitigate the survival tree-roots, such as soil volume/mounding, soil replacement/amendment for the radial trench, soil spacing-root bridge, root tunneling, walkway/pavement rising/diverted, and suspended pavement. The limited soil spaces are mitigation affords of inadequate soil-roots and spreading root settling and modification of construction soil media since the barrier existed and installed in root trails or zones. This is the reason for enabling tree-roots spreading and finds adequate sources (nutrients, water uptake and oxygen), spaces and functioning to stability stand of root anchorage since the matured tree grows larger. The poor soil structures were identified as three methods to mitigate soil materials' problems, and fewer soil voids comprise skeletal soil, structural soil, and soil cell. Mitigation of poor soil structure is altering the existing and introducing new structures by modifying the quantities and materials ratio allowing more voids beneath for roots spreading by considering the above structure of foot and vehicle traffics functioning or load-bearing. The soil space barrier installations and maintenance recognized to sustain both infrastructures and tree-roots grown in limited spaces and its benefits, the root barrier installations and root pruning are recommended. In conclusion, these recommended methods attempt to mitigate the present problems encountered at a particular place and problems among tree-roots and infrastructures exist. The combined method is the best way to alleviates the conflicts since the recognized conflicts are between tree-roots and man-made while the urban soil is modified. These presenting methods are most considered to sustain the matured urban trees' lifespan growth in the urban environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20tree-roots" title="urban tree-roots">urban tree-roots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limited%20soil%20spaces" title=" limited soil spaces"> limited soil spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poor%20soil%20structures" title=" poor soil structures"> poor soil structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20space%20barrier%20and%20maintenance" title=" soil space barrier and maintenance"> soil space barrier and maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133536/conceptual-methods-of-mitigating-matured-urban-tree-roots-surviving-in-conflicts-growth-within-built-environment-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7256</span> Screening of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in the Rhizo- and Endosphere of Sunflower (Helianthus anus) and Their Role in Enhancing Growth and Yield Attriburing Trairs and Colonization Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Majeed">A. Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.K.%20Abbasi"> M.K. Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hameed"> S. Hameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Imran"> A. Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Naqqash"> T. Naqqash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Hanif"> M. K. Hanif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are free-living soil bacteria that aggressively colonize the rhizosphere/plant roots, and enhance the growth and yield of plants when applied to seed or crops. Root associated (endophytic and rhizospheric) PGPR were isolated from Sunflower (Helianthus anus) grown in soils collected from 16 different sites of sub division Dhirkot, Poonch, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. A total of 150 bacterial isolates were isolated, purified, screened in vitro for their plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics. 11 most effective isolates were selected on the basis of biochemical assays (nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, growth hormone production, biocontrol assay, and carbon substrates utilization assay through gas chromatography (GCMS), spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography HPLC, fungal and bacterial dual plate assay and BIOLOG GN2/GP2 microplate assay respectively) and were tested on the crop under controlled and field conditions. From the inoculation assay, the most promising 4 strains (on the basis of increased root/shoot weight, root/shoot length, seed oil content, and seed yield) were than selected for colonization studies through confocal laser scanning and transmission electron microscope. 16Sr RNA gene analysis showed that these bacterial isolates belong to Pseudononas, Enterobacter, Azospirrilum, and Citobacter genera. This study is the clear evident that such isolates have the potential for application as inoculants adapted to poor soils and local crops to minimize the chemical fertilizers harmful for soil and environment <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGPR" title="PGPR">PGPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20fixation" title=" nitrogen fixation"> nitrogen fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20solubilization" title=" phosphate solubilization"> phosphate solubilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonization" title=" colonization"> colonization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42869/screening-of-plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-in-the-rhizo-and-endosphere-of-sunflower-helianthus-anus-and-their-role-in-enhancing-growth-and-yield-attriburing-trairs-and-colonization-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7255</span> Potential of Lead Tolerant and Mobilizing Fungus for Plant Growth Promotion through Plant Growth Promoting Activity; A Promising Approach for Enhance Phytoremediation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Manzoor">Maria Manzoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iram%20Gul"> Iram Gul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Kallerhoff"> Jean Kallerhoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potential of fungal isolates to be used in phytoremediation of widespread lead contaminated soil has been evaluated in this study. Five different fungal isolates (Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Mucor spp.) were obtained and tested for their tolerance to increasing concentration of lead (Pb) i.e. 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mgL-1 on PDA and PDB culture experiment. All strains were tolerant up to 500 mgL-1 following sequence; A. flavus > A. niger > Mucor spp. > P. simplicissimum > T. harzianum. Further the isolates were then monitored for possible effect on Pb solubility/mobility through soil incubation experiments and characterized for essays including pathogenicity, germination and root elongation and plant growth promoting activities including IAA (indole acetic acid), phosphorus solubilization and gibberellic acid (GA3) production. Results revealed that fungal isolates have positive effect on Pb mobility in soil and plant biomass production. Pb solubility was significantly (P> 0.05) increased in soil upon application of Mucor spp. P. simplicissimum and T. harzianum. when compared to control. Among different strains three isolates (Mucor spp., P. simplicissimum and T. harzianum) were nonpathogenic because no inhibitory effect of fungus was observed to plant growth when exposed to these strains in root shoot elongation essay. Particularly T. harzianum and P. simplicissimum showed great ability to increase root length by 1.1 and 1.3 folds and shoot length by 1.47 and 1.5 folds respectively under Pb stress (500 mgL-1). Significantly high production of IAA was observed in A. niger (26.7 μg/ml), Phosphorus solubilization was observed in T. harzianum (9.15 μg/ml) and GA3 production was observed in P. simplicissimum (11.02 μg/ml). From results it is concluded that Mucor spp., P. simplicissimum and T. harzianum have potential to increase Pb mobility and improving plant growth under highy Pb contamination, therefore can be used in microbially assisted phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pb%20tolerant%20fungus" title="Pb tolerant fungus">Pb tolerant fungus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pb%20mobility" title=" Pb mobility"> Pb mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20growth%20promoting%20activities" title=" plant growth promoting activities"> plant growth promoting activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indole%20acetic%20acid%20%28IAA%29" title=" indole acetic acid (IAA)"> indole acetic acid (IAA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70524/potential-of-lead-tolerant-and-mobilizing-fungus-for-plant-growth-promotion-through-plant-growth-promoting-activity-a-promising-approach-for-enhance-phytoremediation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7254</span> Biological Control of Fusarium Crown and Root and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Growth Promotion Using Endophytic Fungi from Withania somnifera L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nefzi%20Ahlem">Nefzi Ahlem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aydi%20Ben%20Abdallah%20Rania"> Aydi Ben Abdallah Rania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jabnoun-Khiareddine%20Hayfa"> Jabnoun-Khiareddine Hayfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Nawaim"> Ammar Nawaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mejda%20Daami-Remadi"> Mejda Daami-Remadi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fusarium Crown and Root Rot (FCRR) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) is a serious tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) disease in Tunisia. Its management is very difficult due to the long survival of its resting structures and to the luck of genetic resistance. In this work, we explored the wild Solanaceae species Withania somnifera, growing in the Tunisian Centre-East, as a potential source of biocontrol agents effective in FCRR suppression and tomato growth promotion. Seven fungal isolates were shown able to colonize tomato roots, crowns, and stems. Used as conidial suspensions or cell-free culture filtrates, all tested fungal treatments significantly enhanced tomato growth parameters by 21.5-90.3% over FORL-free control and by 27.6-93.5% over pathogen-inoculated control. All treatments significantly decreased the leaf and root damage index by 28.5-92.8 and the vascular browning extent 9.7-86.4% over FORL-inoculated and untreated control. The highest disease suppression ability (decrease by 86.4-92.8% in FCRR severity) over pathogen-inoculated control and by 81.3-88.8 over hymexazol-treated control) was expressed by I6 based treatments. This endophytic fungus was morphologically characterized and identified using rDNA sequencing gene as Fusarium sp. I6 (MG835371). This fungus was shown able to reduce FORL radial growth by 58.5–83.2% using its conidial suspension or cell-free culture filtrate. Fusarium sp. I6 showed chitinolytic, proteolytic and amylase activities. The current study clearly demonstrated that Fusarium sp. (I6) is a promising biocontrol candidate for suppressing FCRR severity and promoting tomato growth. Further investigations are required for elucidating its mechanism of action involved in disease suppression and plant growth promotion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20activity" title="antifungal activity">antifungal activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associated%20fungi" title=" associated fungi"> associated fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.%20sp.%20radicis-lycopersici" title=" Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici"> Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Withania%20somnifera" title=" Withania somnifera"> Withania somnifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20growth" title=" tomato growth"> tomato growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90540/biological-control-of-fusarium-crown-and-root-and-tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-l-growth-promotion-using-endophytic-fungi-from-withania-somnifera-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7253</span> The Effect of Soil in the Allelopathic Potential of Artemisia herba-alba and Oudneya africana Crude Powder on Growth of Weeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salhi%20Nesrine">Salhi Nesrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salama%20M.%20El-Darier"> Salama M. El-Darier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halilat%20M.%20El-Taher"> Halilat M. El-Taher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two type of soil (clay and sandy soils) in the potential allelopathic effects of Artemisia herba-alba, Oudneya africana crude powder on some growth parameters and phytomass of two weeds (Bromus tectorum and Melilotus indica) under laboratory conditions (pot experiment). The experimental findings have reported that the donor species crude powder concentrations were suppressing to shoot length (SL), root length (RL), fresh and dry weight of shoot and root (SFw, RFw, SDw and RDw, respectively and the leaf number (LN)) in both soil types and caused a gradual reduction particularly when they are high. However, the reduction degree was varied and species, concentration dependent. The suppressive effect of all the eight donors on the two weedy species was in the following order Bromus tectorum> Melilotus indica. Generally, the growth parameters of two recipient species were significantly decreased with the increase of each of the donor species crude powder concentration levels. Concerning the type of sol the t-test indicated that the difference was insignificant between clay and sandy soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allelopathy" title="allelopathy">allelopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artemisia%20herba-alba" title=" Artemisia herba-alba"> Artemisia herba-alba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oudneya%20africana" title=" Oudneya africana"> Oudneya africana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weeds" title=" weeds "> weeds </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1336/the-effect-of-soil-in-the-allelopathic-potential-of-artemisia-herba-alba-and-oudneya-africana-crude-powder-on-growth-of-weeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7252</span> Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Seed Germination of Crop Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20M.%20Almutairi">Zainab M. Almutairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Alharbi"> Amjad Alharbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of engineered nanomaterials has increased as a result of their positive impact on many sectors of the economy, including agriculture. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are now used to enhance seed germination, plant growth, and photosynthetic quantum efficiency and as antimicrobial agents to control plant diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of AgNP dosage on the seed germination of three plant species: corn (Zea mays L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum. & Nakai) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.). This experiment was designed to study the effect of AgNPs on germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, root length and fresh and dry weight of seedlings for the three species. Seven concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg/ml) of AgNPs were examined at the seed germination stage. The three species had different dose responses to AgNPs in terms of germination parameters and the measured growth characteristics. The germination rates of the three plants were enhanced in response to AgNPs. Significant enhancement of the germination percentage values was observed after treatment of the watermelon and zucchini plants with AgNPs in comparison with untreated seeds. AgNPs showed a toxic effect on corn root elongation, whereas watermelon and zucchini seedling growth were positively affected by certain concentrations of AgNPs. This study showed that exposure to AgNPs caused both positive and negative effects on plant growth and germination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrullus%20lanatus" title="citrullus lanatus">citrullus lanatus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cucurbita%20pepo" title=" cucurbita pepo"> cucurbita pepo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20germination" title=" seed germination"> seed germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seedling%20growth" title=" seedling growth"> seedling growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zea%20mays" title=" zea mays"> zea mays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26020/effect-of-silver-nanoparticles-on-seed-germination-of-crop-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7251</span> Phytotreatment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Contaminated Soil by Chromolaena odorata L. King and Robinson</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20O.%20Anyasi">R. O. Anyasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20I.%20Atagana"> H. I. Atagana </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, phytoextraction ability of a weed on Aroclor 1254 was studied under greenhouse conditions. Chromolaena odorata plants were transplanted into soil containing 100, 200, and 500 ppm of Aroclor in 1L pots. The experiments were watered daily at 70 % moisture field capacity. Parameters such as fully expanded leaves per plant, shoot length, leaf chlorophyll content as well as root length at harvest were measured. PCB was not phytotoxic to C. odorata growth but plants in the 500 ppm treatment only showed diminished growth at the sixth week. Percentage increases in height of plant were 45.9, 39.4 and 40.0 for 100, 200 and 500 ppm treatments respectively. Such decreases were observed in the leaf numbers, root length and leaf chlorophyll concentration. The control sample showed 48.3 % increase in plant height which was not significant from the treated samples, an indication that C. odorata could survive such PCB concentration and could be used to remediate contaminated soil. Mean total PCB absorbed by C. odorata plant was between 6.40 and 64.60 ppm per kilogram of soil, leading to percentage PCB absorption of 0.03 and 17.03 % per kilogram of contaminated soil. PCBs were found mostly in the root tissues of the plants, and the Bioaccumulation factor were between 0.006-0.38. Total PCB absorbed by the plant increases as the concentration of the compound is increased. With these high BAF ensured, C. odorata could serve as a promising candidate plant in phytoextraction of PCB from a PCB-contaminated soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoremediation" title="phytoremediation">phytoremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioremediation" title=" bioremediation"> bioremediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20restoration" title=" soil restoration"> soil restoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polychlorinated%20biphenyls%20%28PCB%29" title=" polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)"> polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatment" title=" biological treatment"> biological treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aroclor" title=" aroclor"> aroclor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22505/phytotreatment-of-polychlorinated-biphenyls-contaminated-soil-by-chromolaena-odorata-l-king-and-robinson" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7250</span> A Low-Cost and Easy-To-Operate Remediation Technology of Heavy Metals Contaminated Agricultural Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao-Hua%20Zhu">Xiao-Hua Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Yuan"> Xin Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Ran%20Zhao"> Yi-Ran Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-cadmium pollution in rice is a serious problem in many parts of China. Many kinds of remediation technologies have been tested and applied in many farmlands. Because of the productive function of the farmland, most technologies are inappropriate due to their destruction to the tillage soil layer. And the large labours and expensive fees of many technologies are also the restrictive factors for their applications. The conception of 'Root Micro-Geochemical Barrier' was proposed to reduce cadmium (Cd) bioavailability and the concentration of the cadmium in rice. Remediation and mitigation techniques were demonstrated on contaminated farmland in the downstream of some mine. According to the rule of rice growth, Cd would be absorbed by the crops in every growth stage, and the plant-absorb efficiency in the first stage of the tillering stage is almost the highest. We should create a method to protect the crops from heavy metal pollution, which could begin to work from the early growth stage. Many materials with repair property get our attention. The materials will create a barrier preventing Cd from being absorbed by the crops during all the growing process because the material has the ability to adsorb soil-Cd and making it losing its migration activity. And we should choose a good chance to put the materials into the crop-growing system cheaply as soon as early. Per plant, rice has a little root system scope, which makes the roots reach about 15cm deep and 15cm wide. So small root radiation area makes it possible for all the Cd approaching the roots to be adsorbed with a small amount of adsorbent. Mixing the remediation materials with the seed-raising soli and adding them to the tillage soil in the process of transplanting seedlings, we can control the soil-Cd activity in the range of roots to reduce the Cd-amount absorbed by the crops. Of course, the mineral materials must have enough adsorptive capacity and no additional pollution. More than 3000 square meters farmlands have been remediated. And on the application of root micro-geochemical barrier, the Cd-concentration in rice and the remediation-cost have been decreased by 90% and 80%, respectively, with little extra labour brought to the farmers. The Cd-concentrations in rice from remediated farmland have been controlled below 0.1 ppm. The remediation of one acre of contaminated cropland costs less than $100. The concept has its advantage in the remediation of paddy field contaminated by Cd, especially for the field with outside pollution sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium%20pollution" title="cadmium pollution">cadmium pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20stage" title=" growth stage"> growth stage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20micro-geochemistry%20barrier" title=" root micro-geochemistry barrier"> root micro-geochemistry barrier</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108533/a-low-cost-and-easy-to-operate-remediation-technology-of-heavy-metals-contaminated-agricultural-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7249</span> Anti-inflammatory Effect of Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria) Root on Raw 264.7 Cells with Stimulated Lipopolysaccharide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhmadjon%20Sultanov">Akhmadjon Sultanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun-Ho%20Lee"> Eun-Ho Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hye-Jin%20Park"> Hye-Jin Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Je%20Cho"> Young-Je Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study tested the anti-inflammatory effect of wild indigo (Baptisia tinctoria) root in Raw 264.7 cells. We prepared two extracts of B. tinctoria; one in water and the other in 50% ethanol. Then we evaluated the toxicities of the B. tinctoria root extracts at 10 to 100 mg mL-1 concentrations in raw 264.7 cells and observed 80% cell viability. The anti-inflammatory effect of B. tinctoria root extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were observed with concentrations at 10, 30, and 50 μg mL-1. The results showed that 77.27-66.82% of nitric oxide (NO) production was inhibited by 50 μg mL-1 B. tinctoria root extract. The protein expression of Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression dramatically decreased by 93.14% and 52.65% in raw 264.7 cells treated with water and ethanol extracts of B. tinctoria root, respectively. Moreover, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression decreased by 42.85% and 69.70% in raw 264.7 cells treated with water and ethanol extracts of B. tinctoria root, respectively. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and prostaglandin E synthase 2, was significantly suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the B. tinctoria root extracts effectively inhibited enzymes involved in physiological activities. The B. tinctoria root extracts showed excellent anti-inflammatory effects and can be used as a functional material for biological activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokine" title="cytokine">cytokine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrophage" title=" macrophage"> macrophage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pro-inflammatory" title=" pro-inflammatory"> pro-inflammatory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20expression" title=" protein expression"> protein expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20PCR" title=" real-time PCR"> real-time PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162103/anti-inflammatory-effect-of-wild-indigo-baptisia-tinctoria-root-on-raw-2647-cells-with-stimulated-lipopolysaccharide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7248</span> Root System Architecture Analysis of Sorghum Genotypes and Its Effect on Drought Adaptation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hailemariam%20Solomon">Hailemariam Solomon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taye%20Tadesse"> Taye Tadesse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Nadew"> Daniel Nadew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firezer%20Girma"> Firezer Girma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sorghum is an important crop in semi-arid regions and has shown resilience to drought stress. However, recurrent drought is affecting its productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to explore genes that contribute to drought stress adaptation to increase sorghum productivity. The aim of this study is to evaluate and determine the effect of root system traits, specifically root angle, on drought stress adaptation and grain yield performance in sorghum genotypes. A total of 428 sorghum genotypes from the Ethiopian breeding program were evaluated in three drought-stress environments. Field trials were conducted using a row-column design with three replications. Root system traits were phenotyped using a high-throughput phenotyping platform and analyzed using a row-column design with two replications. Data analysis was performed using R software and regression analysis. The study found significant variations in root system architecture among the sorghum genotypes. Non-stay-green genotypes had a grain yield ranging from 1.63 to 3.1 tons/ha, while stay-green genotypes had a grain yield ranging from 2.4 to 2.9 tons/ha. The analysis of root angle showed that non-stay-green genotypes had an angle ranging from 8.0 to 30.5 degrees, while stay-green genotypes had an angle ranging from 12.0 to 29.0 degrees. Improved varieties exhibited angles between 14.04 and 19.50 degrees. Positive and significant correlations were observed between leaf areas and shoot dry weight, as well as between leaf width and shoot dry weight. Negative correlations were observed between root angle and leaf area, as well as between root angle and root length. This research highlights the importance of root system architecture, particularly root angle traits, in enhancing grain yield production in drought-stressed conditions. It also establishes an association between root angle and grain yield traits for maximizing sorghum productivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roor%20sysytem%20architecture" title="roor sysytem architecture">roor sysytem architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20angle" title=" root angle"> root angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrow%20root%20angle" title=" narrow root angle"> narrow root angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wider%20root%20angle" title=" wider root angle"> wider root angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170823/root-system-architecture-analysis-of-sorghum-genotypes-and-its-effect-on-drought-adaptation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7247</span> Effect of Different Salt Concentrations and Temperatures on Seed Germination and Seedling Characters in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahim%20Ada">Rahim Ada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zamari%20Temory"> Zamari Temory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Dalgic"> Hasan Dalgic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Germination and seedling responses of seven safflower seed genotypes (Dinçer, Remzibey, Black Sun2 cultivars and A19, F4, I1, J19 lines) to different salinity concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 g l-1) and temperatures (10 and 20 oC) evaluated in Completely Randomized Factorial Designs in Department of Field Crops of Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. Seeds in the control (distilled water) had at 10 and 20 oC the highest germination percentage (93.88 and 94.32 %), shoot length (4.60 and 8.72 cm), root length (4.27 and 6.54 cm), shoot dry weight (22.37 mg and 25.99 mg), and root dry weight (2.22 and 2.47 mg). As the salt concentration increased, values of all characters were decreased. In this experiment, in 20 g l-1 salt concentration found germination percentage (21.28 and 26.66 %), shoot (1.32 and 1.35 cm) and root length (1.04 and 1.10 cm), shoot (8.05 mg and 7.49 mg) and root dry weight (0.83 and 0.98 mg) at 10, and 20 oC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safflower" title="safflower">safflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl" title=" NaCl"> NaCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoot%20and%20root%20length" title=" shoot and root length"> shoot and root length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20concentration" title=" salt concentration "> salt concentration </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1753/effect-of-different-salt-concentrations-and-temperatures-on-seed-germination-and-seedling-characters-in-safflower-carthamus-tinctorius-l-genotypes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7246</span> Investigate the Mechanical Effect of Different Root Analogue Models to Soil Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Al%20Shafiee">Asmaa Al Shafiee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdin%20Ibraim"> Erdin Ibraim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stabilizing slopes by using vegetation is considered as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to the conventional methods. The main aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical effect of analogue root systems on the shear strength of different soil types. Three objectives were defined to achieve the main aim of this paper. Firstly, explore the effect of root architectural design to shear strength parameters. Secondly, study the effect of root area ratio (RAR) on the shear strength of two different soil types. Finally, to investigate how different kinds of soil can affect the behavior of the roots during shear failure. 3D printing tool was used to develop different analogue tap root models with different architectural designs. Direct shear tests were performed on Leighton Buzzard (LB) fraction B sand, which represents a coarse sand and Huston sand, which represent medium-coarse sand. All tests were done with the same relative density for both kinds of sand. The results of the direct shear test indicated that using plant roots will increase both friction angle and cohesion of soil. Additionally, different root designs affected differently the shear strength of the soil. Furthermore, the directly proportional relationship was found between root area ratio for the same root design and shear strength parameters of soil. Finally, the root area ratio effect should be combined with branches penetrating the shear plane to get the highest results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leighton%20buzzard%20sand" title="leighton buzzard sand">leighton buzzard sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20area%20ratio" title=" root area ratio"> root area ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rooted%20soil" title=" rooted soil"> rooted soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stabilization" title=" slope stabilization"> slope stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122599/investigate-the-mechanical-effect-of-different-root-analogue-models-to-soil-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7245</span> The Effect of Air Injection in Irrigation Water on Sugar Beet Yield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Ersoy%20Yildirim">Yusuf Ersoy Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Tas"> Ismail Tas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceren%20Gorgusen"> Ceren Gorgusen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tugba%20Yeter"> Tugba Yeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysegul%20Boyacioglu"> Aysegul Boyacioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mehmet%20Tugrul"> K. Mehmet Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Tugrul"> Murat Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayten%20Namli"> Ayten Namli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sabri%20Ozturk"> H. Sabri Ozturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Onur%20Akca"> M. Onur Akca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, a lot of research has been done for the sustainable use of scarce resources in the world. Especially, effective and sustainable use of water resources has been researched for many years. Sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) is one of the most effective irrigation methods in which efficient and sustainable use of irrigation water can be achieved. When the literature is taken into consideration, it is often emphasized that, besides its numerous advantages, it also allows the application of irrigation water to the plant root zone along with air. It is stated in different studies that the air applied to the plant root zone with irrigation water has a positive effect on the root zone. Plants need sufficient oxygen for root respiration as well as for the metabolic functions of the roots. Decreased root respiration due to low oxygen content reduces transpiration, disrupts the flow of ions, and increases the ingress of salt reaching toxic levels, seriously affecting plant growth. Lack of oxygen (Hypoxia) can affect the survival of plants. The lack of oxygen in the soil is related to the exchange of gases in the soil with the gases in the atmosphere. Soil aeration is an important physical parameter of a soil. It is highly dynamic and is closely related to the amount of water in the soil and its bulk weight. Subsurface drip irrigation; It has higher water use efficiency compared to irrigation methods such as furrow irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. However, in heavy clay soils, subsurface drip irrigation creates continuous wetting fronts that predispose the rhizosphere region to hypoxia or anoxia. With subsurface drip irrigation, the oxygen is limited for root microbial respiration and root development, with the continuous spreading of water to a certain region of the root zone. In this study, the change in sugar beet yield caused by air application in the SDI system will be explained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar%20beet" title="sugar beet">sugar beet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20drip%20irrigation" title=" subsurface drip irrigation"> subsurface drip irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20application" title=" air application"> air application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation%20efficiency" title=" irrigation efficiency"> irrigation efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163222/the-effect-of-air-injection-in-irrigation-water-on-sugar-beet-yield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7244</span> Impact of Health Indicators on Economic Growth: Application of Ardl Model on Pakistan’s Data Set</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheraz%20Ahmad%20Choudhary">Sheraz Ahmad Choudhary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Health plays a vital role in the growth. The study examined the effect of health indicator on the growth of Pakistan. ARDL model is used to check the growth rate which is affected by the health by using the time series date of Pakistan from 1990 to 2017. Health indicator, fertility rate, life expectancy, foreign direct investment, and infant mortality rate are variables Where the unit root is applied to check the stationarity of the model. consequences find a significant relationship between GDP, foreign direct investment, fertility rate, and life expectancy in the short run, whereas mortality rate effected negatively to economic growth but have significant values. In the long run, foreign direct investment (FDI) and fertility rate(FR) have significantly influenced the GDP. The results show thateconomic growth is positively stimulated by most of the health indicators. The study accomplishes that nations can achieve a high level of economic growth by increasing wellbeing human capital. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20expenditures" title=" health expenditures"> health expenditures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fertility%20rate" title=" fertility rate"> fertility rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20expectancy" title=" life expectancy"> life expectancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20direct%20investment" title=" foreign direct investment"> foreign direct investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20infant%20mortality%20rate" title=" and infant mortality rate"> and infant mortality rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150373/impact-of-health-indicators-on-economic-growth-application-of-ardl-model-on-pakistans-data-set" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7243</span> Genetic Divergence Study of Rice on the Basis of Various Morphological Traits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashfaq">Muhammad Ashfaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saleem%20Haider"> Muhammad Saleem Haider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali"> Muhammad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajjad"> Muhammad Sajjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Ali"> Amna Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urooj%20Mubashar"> Urooj Mubashar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phenotypic diversity was confirmed by measuring different morphological traits i.e. seed traits (seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed length-width ratio, 1000 grain weight) and root-shoot traits (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, root-shoot ratio, root numbers and root thickness). Variance and association study of desirable traits determine the genotypic differences among the rice germplasm. All the traits showed significant differences among the genotypes. The traits were studied in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) at different water levels. Some traits showed positive correlation with each other and beneficial for increasing the yield and production of the crop. Seed thickness has positive correlation with seed length and seed width (r= 0.104**, r=0.246**). On the other hand, various root shoot traits showed positive highly significant association at different water levels i.e. root length, fresh root weight, root thickness, shoot thickness and root numbers. Our main focus to study the performance/correlation of root shoots traits under stress condition. Fresh root weight, shoot thickness and root numbers showed positive significant association with shoot length, root length, fresh root and shoot weight (r=0.2530**, r=0.2891**, r=0.4626**, r=0.4515**, r=0.5781**, r=0.7164**, r=0.0603**, r= 0.5570**, r=0.5824**). Long root length genotypes favors and suitable for drought stress conditions and screening of diverse genotypes for the further development of new plant material that performing well under different environmental conditions. After screening genetic diversity of potential rice, lines were studied to check the polymorphism by using some SSR markers. DNA was extracted, and PCR analyses were done to study PIC values and allelic diversity of the genotypes. The main objective of this study is to screen out the genotypes on the basis of various genotypic and phenotypic traits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title="rice">rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20traits" title=" morphological traits"> morphological traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association" title=" association"> association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germplasm" title=" germplasm"> germplasm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20diversity" title=" genetic diversity"> genetic diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20levels" title=" water levels"> water levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation" title=" variation"> variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53359/genetic-divergence-study-of-rice-on-the-basis-of-various-morphological-traits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7242</span> The Effect of Chitosan and Mycorrhization on Some Growth-Physiological Indices of Salvia leriifolia Benth.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Fotovvat">Marzieh Fotovvat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20Najafi"> Farzaneh Najafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramazan%20Ali%20Khavari-Nejad"> Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daryush%20Talei"> Daryush Talei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Rejali"> Farhad Rejali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salvia leriifolia Benth. is one of the valuable and perennial medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family, geographically growing in the south and tropical regions of Khorassan and Semnan provinces in Iran. In recent years, several medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects have been reported from this plant. The use of elicitors such as chitosan and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis are the main methods for increasing the production of secondary metabolites, growth, and physiological factors in plants. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foliar spraying applications by chitosan and/or the contribution of AMF (Glomus interaradices) on some growth factors and chlorophyll content of S. leriifolia under glasshouse conditions. The sterilized seeds were germinated by placing them into a cocopeat. After one month, seedlings that were in the 2-4 leaf stage were transferred to plastic pots (garden soil and pumice at 2:1) with or without mycorrhizal fungi. Chitosan (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg L-1) was sprayed four times in the fourth month of the vegetative period. The results showed that fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight, root height, and chlorophyll content could change in the plant treated with chitosan and AMF symbiosis. So that the highest chlorophyll content and fresh weight of roots and leaves were observed in the interaction of chitosan and G. interaradices. In general, by optimizing the chitosan concentration and the use of appropriate AMF symbiosis, it is possible to improve the growth and quality of the medicinal plant S. leriifolia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title="chitosan">chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorophyll" title=" chlorophyll"> chlorophyll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20factors" title=" growth factors"> growth factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycorrhiza" title=" mycorrhiza"> mycorrhiza</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159080/the-effect-of-chitosan-and-mycorrhization-on-some-growth-physiological-indices-of-salvia-leriifolia-benth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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