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oxidation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: plasma oxidation"> <meta name="keywords" content="plasma oxidation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="plasma oxidation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1853</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: plasma oxidation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1643</span> Pharmacokinetic Monitoring of Glimepiride and Ilaprazole in Rat Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20P.%20Dewani">Anil P. Dewani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20S.%20Tripathi"> Alok S. Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20V.%20Chandewar"> Anil V. Chandewar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present manuscript reports the development and validation of a quantitative high performance liquid chromatography method for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of Glimepiride (GLM) and Ilaprazole (ILA) in rat plasma. The plasma samples were involved with Solid phase extraction process (SPE). The analytes were resolved on a Phenomenex C18 column (4.6 mm× 250 mm; 5 µm particle size) using a isocratic elution mode comprising methanol:water (80:20 % v/v) with pH of water modified to 3 using Formic acid, the total run time was 10 min at 225 nm as common wavelength, the flow rate throughout was 1ml/min. The method was validated over the concentration range from 10 to 600 ng/mL for GLM and ILA, in rat plasma. Metformin (MET) was used as Internal Standard. Validation data demonstrated the method to be selective, sensitive, accurate and precise. The limit of detection was 1.54 and 4.08 and limit of quantification was 5.15 and 13.62 for GLM and ILA respectively, the method demonstrated excellent linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) 0.999. The intra and inter-day precision (RSD%) values were < 2.0% for both ILA and GLM. The method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic studies followed by oral administration in rats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacokinetics" title="pharmacokinetics">pharmacokinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glimepiride" title=" glimepiride"> glimepiride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ilaprazole" title=" ilaprazole"> ilaprazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title=" HPLC"> HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPE" title=" SPE"> SPE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40102/pharmacokinetic-monitoring-of-glimepiride-and-ilaprazole-in-rat-plasma-by-high-performance-liquid-chromatography-with-diode-array-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1642</span> Binary Metal Oxide Catalysts for Low-Temperature Catalytic Oxidation of HCHO in Air</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanjie%20Xie">Hanjie Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20Semiat"> Raphael Semiat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyi%20Zhong"> Ziyi Zhong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that many oxidation reactions in nature are closely related to the origin and life activities. One of the features of these natural reactions is that they can proceed under mild conditions employing the oxidant of molecular oxygen (O₂) in the air and enzymes as catalysts. Catalysis is also a necessary part of life for human beings, as many chemical and pharmaceutical industrial processes need to use catalysts. However, most heterogeneous catalytic reactions must be run at high operational reaction temperatures and pressures. It is not strange that, in recent years, research interest has been redirected to green catalysis, e.g., trying to run catalytic reactions under relatively mild conditions as much as possible, which needs to employ green solvents, green oxidants such O₂, particularly air, and novel catalysts. This work reports the efficient binary Fe-Mn metal oxide catalysts for low-temperature formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation, a toxic pollutant in the air, particularly in indoor environments. We prepared a series of nanosized FeMn oxide catalysts and found that when the molar ratio of Fe/Mn = 1:1, the catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity. At room temperature, we realized the complete oxidation of HCHO on this catalyst for 20 h with a high GHSV of 150 L g⁻¹ h⁻¹. After a systematic investigation of the catalyst structure and the reaction, we identified the reaction intermediates, including dioxymethylene, formate, carbonate, etc. It is found that the oxygen vacancies and the derived active oxygen species contributed to this high-low-temperature catalytic activity. These findings deepen the understanding of the catalysis of these binary Fe-Mn metal oxide catalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20vacancy" title="oxygen vacancy">oxygen vacancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20oxidation" title=" catalytic oxidation"> catalytic oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20transition%20oxide" title=" binary transition oxide"> binary transition oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formaldehyde" title=" formaldehyde"> formaldehyde</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146315/binary-metal-oxide-catalysts-for-low-temperature-catalytic-oxidation-of-hcho-in-air" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1641</span> Application and Regeneration of CuMnCeO Catalyst Supporting K₂CO₃ Sorbent Adapted to CO Oxidation and CO₂ Absorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Lin">Jin Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shouxiang%20Lu"> Shouxiang Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Meow%20Liew"> Kim Meow Liew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The requirement for the long-term mission of the submarine and spacecraft has made the removal of CO₂ and trace CO the critical technology to ensure the health and life of the crews. In this work, CuMnCe, a metal oxide catalyst, supporting K₂CO₃ sorbent was prepared by the wet-solid state impregnation method to realize the integrated CO and CO₂ removal, which might also reduce the volume/mass load of the purification units in the limited space. The as-prepared samples with different addition amount of K₂CO₃ were tested using the fixed bed reactor to reveal the CO oxidation and CO₂ absorption behavior. And the regeneration and stability experiments were also conducted. The results showed that the samples realized the catalyst and sorbent integration to capture CO and CO₂ at the same time. The addition amount of the sorbent had a weak influence on the CO oxidation performance. While the addition amount affected the CO₂ sorption efficiency and capacity significantly. Meanwhile, the presence of water vapor could reduce the CO oxidation activity of the samples similarly, whether with K2CO3 sorbent addition or not. Furtherly, regeneration and stability experiment results showed that the samples after 3-5 times regeneration exhibited almost the same performance of CO and CO₂ removal. Summarily, CuMnCe catalyst supporting K₂CO₃ sorbent could be a good attempt to control CO and CO₂ pollutants generated from the daily equipment running and staff breathing in the confined space such as submarine and spacecraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%20oxidation" title="CO oxidation">CO oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20absorptio" title=" CO₂ absorptio"> CO₂ absorptio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20carbonate" title=" potassium carbonate"> potassium carbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuMnCe%20metal%20oxide" title=" CuMnCe metal oxide"> CuMnCe metal oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confined%20space" title=" confined space"> confined space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114912/application-and-regeneration-of-cumnceo-catalyst-supporting-k2co3-sorbent-adapted-to-co-oxidation-and-co2-absorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1640</span> Learning Materials of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Process: Application in Wrinkle-Resistant Finishing of Cotton Fabric</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Kan">C. W. Kan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton fibre is a commonly-used natural fibre because of its good fibre strength, high moisture absorption behaviour and minimal static problems. However, one of the main drawbacks of cotton fibre is wrinkling after washing, which is recently overcome by wrinkle-resistant treatment. 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) could improve the wrinkle-resistant properties of cotton fibre. Although the BTCA process is an effective method for wrinkle resistant application of cotton fabrics, reduced fabric strength was observed after treatment. Therefore, this paper would explore the use of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment under different discharge powers as a pretreatment process to enhance the application of BTCA process on cotton fabric without generating adverse effect. The aim of this study is to provide learning information to the users to know how the atmospheric pressure plasma treatment can be incorporated in textile finishing process with positive impact. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20materials" title="learning materials">learning materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20pressure%20plasma%20treatment" title=" atmospheric pressure plasma treatment"> atmospheric pressure plasma treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wrinkle-resistant" title=" wrinkle-resistant"> wrinkle-resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTCA" title=" BTCA"> BTCA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49532/learning-materials-of-atmospheric-pressure-plasma-process-application-in-wrinkle-resistant-finishing-of-cotton-fabric" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1639</span> Interaction between NiCl2 and Selenium on Energy Profiles in Wistar albino Preimplanted Rats </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Adjroud">O. Adjroud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to investigate the interaction between selenium (Se) and chloride nickel (NiCl2) on energy profiles in Wistar albino preimplanted rats. NiCl2 was given on day 3 of pregnancy either in distilled drinking water at a dose of 20 mg/L/day for 16 consecutive days or as a single subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg. Se was given as a s.c. injection (0.3 mg/kg) together with the higher dose (100 mg/kg) of NiCl2. Changes in energy profiles were evaluated in treated and control groups on days 5 and 20 of gestation. NiCl2 s.c. induced a significant increase in plasma glucose on day 20 of pregnancy. NiCl2 s.c. induced on day 5 and 20 of gestation a significant decrease in plasma triglycerides, with the higher dose. This decrease was maintained at day 20 of gestation with doses of 50 mg /kg. In addition, NiCl2 s.c. caused on day 5 of gestation a significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol with the low and medium doses. The pretreatment with Se reversed the effects of NiCl2 on plasma glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels. NiCl2 administered in the drinking water augmented significantly the plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol levels and slighty the plasma glucose on day 20 of gestation, while on day 5 of gestation NiCl2 s.c. Induced a significant decrease in cholesterol. Three doses of NiCl2 (sc) induced severe alterations in liver and architecture which are markedly improved by Selenium. These results suggested that selenium has protective effects on energy profiles against the toxicity induced by NiCl2 administered subcutaneously in preimplanted rats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatotoxicity" title="hepatotoxicity">hepatotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20chloride" title=" nickel chloride"> nickel chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preimplanted%20rat" title=" preimplanted rat"> preimplanted rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20parameters" title=" biochemical parameters "> biochemical parameters </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18137/interaction-between-nicl2-and-selenium-on-energy-profiles-in-wistar-albino-preimplanted-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1638</span> Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Co (II) Ternary Complexes Involving N-(2-Acetamido) Iminodiacete and Some Amino Acids Acid by Periodate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Abdel-Khalek">Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reham%20A.%20Mohamed"> Reham A. Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The kinetics of oxidation of the cobalt (II) complexes, [CoII(ADA)(Gly)(H2O)2]-, (ADA = N-(2-acetamido) iminodi-acetic acid and (Gly = Glycine) by periodate in aqueous acetate medium to cobalt (III) have been studied spectrophotometrically at 530 nm over the 30–50°C and a variety pH 4.57-5.25 range and I = 0.50 mol dm-3 under pseudo first order condition by taking large excess of oxidant [IO4-] and it obeys the following rate law: Rate=[CoII(ADA)(Gly)(H2O)2]-[H5IO6]{k4K6+(k5K7K5/[H+])}. Also, the kinetics of oxidation of the cobalt(II) complexes, [CoII(ADA)(Val)(H2O)2]- (ADA = N-(2-acetamido) iminodi-acetic acid and (Val = valine) by periodate in aqueous medium to cobalt (III) have been studied spectrophotometrically at 580 nm over the 30–50°C and a variety pH 4.3-5.12 range and I = 0.50 mol dm-3 under pseudo first order condition by taking large excess of oxidant [IO4-] and it obeys the following rate law: Rate=[CoII(ADA)(Val)(H2O)2]-[H5IO6]{k4K6+(k5K7K5/[H+])} <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodate" title="periodate">periodate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%20%28II%29" title=" cobalt (II)"> cobalt (II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycine" title=" glycine"> glycine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valine%20acid" title=" valine acid"> valine acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=n-%282-acetamido%20imino-diacetato%29" title=" n-(2-acetamido imino-diacetato)"> n-(2-acetamido imino-diacetato)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10841/kinetics-and-mechanism-of-oxidation-of-co-ii-ternary-complexes-involving-n-2-acetamido-iminodiacete-and-some-amino-acids-acid-by-periodate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1637</span> Chelating Effect of Black Tea Extract Compared to Citric Acid in the Process of the Oxidation of Sunflower, Canola, Olive, and Tallow Oils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Naserzadeh">Yousef Naserzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niloufar%20Mahmoudi"> Niloufar Mahmoudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxidation resistance is one of the important parameters in maintaining the quality of olive oil during its storage. Ensuring the stability of the quality of olive oil is one of the important concerns of the producers and consumers. Prooxidants such as iron and copper accelerate the oxidation reaction, and also anti-oxidants and chelating compounds delay it. In this study, chelating effect of tea extract which contains significant amounts of tannic acid is investigated in comparison with citric acid. To do it, 0.1 ppm copper was added to these four kinds of oil, sunflower, olive, canola, and tallow, and then chelating effect of citric acid (0.01%), tannic acid (0.01%) and tea extract (0.1%) were measured by adding to this composition. To this end, the resistance time of the oils against oxidation was measured at 120 °C and an air flow of 20 liters per hour. And the value of peroxide was measured by oven test in six periods of 24 hours at 105 °C. The results showed that citric acid, tannic acid and tea extract had chelating property and increased the resistance time of the studied oils. As a result, considering chelating property and increasing resistance of oil, tannic acid showed better effect than tea extract and tea extract had better effect than citric acid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannic%20acid" title="tannic acid">tannic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chelate" title=" chelate"> chelate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20oils" title=" edible oils"> edible oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20tea%20extract" title=" black tea extract"> black tea extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBHQ" title=" TBHQ"> TBHQ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90906/chelating-effect-of-black-tea-extract-compared-to-citric-acid-in-the-process-of-the-oxidation-of-sunflower-canola-olive-and-tallow-oils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1636</span> Plasma Engineered Nanorough Substrates for Stem Cells in vitro Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melanie%20Macgregor-Ramiasa">Melanie Macgregor-Ramiasa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Hopp"> Isabel Hopp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Murray"> Patricia Murray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20Vasilev"> Krasimir Vasilev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stem cells based therapies are one of the greatest promises of new-age medicine due to their potential to help curing most dreaded conditions such as cancer, diabetes and even auto-immune disease. However, establishing suitable in vitro culture materials allowing to control the fate of stem cells remain a challenge. Amongst the factor influencing stem cell behavior, substrate chemistry and nanotopogaphy are particularly critical. In this work, we used plasma assisted surface modification methods to produce model substrates with tailored nanotopography and controlled chemistry. Three different sizes of gold nanoparticles were bound to amine rich plasma polymer layers to produce homogeneous and gradient surface nanotopographies. The outer chemistry of the substrate was kept constant for all substrates by depositing a thin layer of our patented biocompatible polyoxazoline plasma polymer on top of the nanofeatures. For the first time, protein adsorption and stem cell behaviour (mouse kidney stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells) were evaluated on nanorough plasma deposited polyoxazoline thin films. Compared to other nitrogen rich coatings, polyoxazoline plasma polymer supports the covalent binding of proteins. Moderate surface nanoroughness, in both size and density, triggers cell proliferation. In association with polyoxazoline coating, cell proliferation is further enhanced on nanorough substrates. Results are discussed in term of substrates wetting properties. These findings provide valuable insights on the mechanisms governing the interactions between stem cells and their growth support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotopography" title="nanotopography">nanotopography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cells" title=" stem cells"> stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differentiation" title=" differentiation"> differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20polymer" title=" plasma polymer"> plasma polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxazoline" title=" oxazoline"> oxazoline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title=" gold nanoparticles"> gold nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57005/plasma-engineered-nanorough-substrates-for-stem-cells-in-vitro-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1635</span> Photocatalysis with Fe/Ti-Pillared Clays for the Oxofunctionalization of Alkylaromatics by O2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houria%20Rezala">Houria Rezala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Luis%20Valverde"> Jose Luis Valverde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaya%20Romero"> Amaya Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandra%20Molinari"> Alessandra Molinari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Maldotti"> Andrea Maldotti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A pillared montmorillonite containing iron doped titania (Fe/Ti-PILC) has been prepared from a natural clay. This material has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption, and diffuse reflectance UV-VIS spectroscopy. The layer structure of Fe/Ti-PILC resulted to be ordered with an insertion of pillars, which caused a slight increase in the basal spacing of the clay. Its specific surface area was about three times larger than that of the parent Na-montmorillonite due principally to the creation of a remarkable microporous network. The doped material was a robust photocatalyst able to oxidize liquid alkyl aromatics to the corresponding carbonylic derivatives, using O2 as the oxidizing species, at mild pressure and temperature conditions. Accumulation of valuable carbonylic derivatives was possible since their over-oxidation to carbon dioxide was negligible. Fe/Ti-PILC was able to discriminate between toluene and cyclohexane in favor of the aromatic compound with an efficiency that is about three times higher than that of titanium pillared clays (Ti-PILC). It is likely that the addition of iron favored the formation of new acid sites able to interact with the aromatic substrate. Iron doping caused a significant TiO2 visible light-induced activity (wavelength > 400 nm) with only minor negative effects on its performance under UV-light irradiation (wavelength > 290 nm). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkyl%20aromatics%20oxidation" title="alkyl aromatics oxidation">alkyl aromatics oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20photocatalysis" title=" heterogeneous photocatalysis"> heterogeneous photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20doping" title=" iron doping"> iron doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pillared%20clays" title=" pillared clays "> pillared clays </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28984/photocatalysis-with-feti-pillared-clays-for-the-oxofunctionalization-of-alkylaromatics-by-o2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1634</span> Enhanced Poly Fluoroalkyl Substances Degradation in Complex Wastewater Using Modified Continuous Flow Nonthermal Plasma Reactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narasamma%20Nippatlapallia">Narasamma Nippatlapallia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communities across the world are desperate to get their environment free of toxic per-poly fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) especially when these chemicals are in aqueous media. In the present study, two different chain length PFAS (PFHxA (C6), PFDA (C10)) are selected for degradation using a modified continuous flow nonthermal plasma. The results showed 82.3% PFHxA and 94.1 PFDA degradation efficiencies, respectively. The defluorination efficiency is also evaluated which is 28% and 34% for PFHxA and PFDA, respectively. The results clearly indicates that the structure of PFAS has a great impact on degradation efficiency. The effect of flow rate is studied. increase in flow rate beyond 2 mL/min, decrease in degradation efficiency of the targeted PFAS was noticed. PFDA degradation was decreased from 85% to 42%, and PFHxA was decreased to 32% from 64% with increase in flow rate from 2 to 5 mL/min. Similarly, with increase in flow rate the percentage defluorination was decreased for both C10, and C6 compounds. This observation can be attributed to mainly because of change in residence time (contact time). Real water/wastewater is a composition of various organic, and inorganic ions that may affect the activity of oxidative species such as 𝑂𝐻. radicals on the target pollutants. Therefore, it is important to consider radicals quenching chemicals to understand the efficiency of the reactor. In gas-liquid NTP discharge reactors 𝑂𝐻. , 𝑒𝑎𝑞 − , 𝑂 . , 𝑂3, 𝐻2𝑂2, 𝐻. are often considered as reactive species for oxidation and reduction of pollutants. In this work, the role played by two distinct 𝑂 .𝐻 Scavengers, ethanol and glycerol, on PFAS percentage degradation, and defluorination efficiency (i,e., fluorine removal) are measured was studied. The addition of scavenging agents to the PFAS solution diminished the PFAS degradation to different extents depending on the target compound molecular structure. In comparison with the degradation of only PFAS solution, the addition of 1.25 M ethanol inhibited C10, and C6 degradation by 8%, and 12%, respectively. This research was supported with energy efficiency, production rate, and specific yield, fluoride, and PFAS concentration analysis with respect to optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the continuous flow reactor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title="wastewater">wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFAS" title=" PFAS"> PFAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonthermal%20plasma" title=" nonthermal plasma"> nonthermal plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title=" mineralization"> mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defluorination" title=" defluorination"> defluorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187544/enhanced-poly-fluoroalkyl-substances-degradation-in-complex-wastewater-using-modified-continuous-flow-nonthermal-plasma-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1633</span> Interaction Effects of Dietary Ginger, Zingiber Officinale, on Plasma Protein Fractions in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Taheri%20Mirghaed">Ali Taheri Mirghaed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Ahani"> Sara Ahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashkan%20Zargar"> Ashkan Zargar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Morteza%20Hoseini"> Seyyed Morteza Hoseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diseases are the major challenges in intensive aquaculture that cause significant annual losses. Antibiotic-therapy is a common way to control bacterial disease in fish, and oxytetracycline (OTC) is the only oral antibiotic in aquaculture approved FDA. OTC has been found to have negative effects on fish, such as oxidative stress and immune-suppression, thus, it is necessary to mitigate such effects. Medicinal herbs have various benefits on fish, including antioxidant, immunostimulant, and anti-microbial effects. Therefore, we hypothesized if dietary ginger meal (GM) interacts with dietary OTC by monitoring plasma protein fractions in rainbow trout. The study was conducted as a 2 × 2 factorial design, including diets containing 0 and 1% GM and 0 and 1.66 % OTC (corresponding to 100 mg/kg fish biomass per day). After ten days treating the fish (60 g individual weight) with these feeds, blood samples were taken from al treatments (n =3). Plasma was separated by centrifugation, and protein fractions were determined by electrophoresis. The results showed that OTC and GM had interaction effects on total protein (P<0.001), albumin (P<0.001), alpha-1 fraction (P=0.010), alpha-2 fraction (P=0.001), beta-2 fraction (P=0.014), and gamma fraction (P<0.001). Beta-1 fraction was significantly (P=0.030) affected by dietary GM. GM decreased plasma total protein, albumin, and beta-2 but increased beta-1 fraction. OTC significantly decreased total protein (P<0.001), albumin (P=0.001), alpha-2 fraction (P<0.001), beta-2 fraction (P=0.004), and gamma fraction (P<0.001) but had no significant effects on alpha-1 and beta-1 fractions. Dietary GM inhibited/suppressed the effects of dietary OTC on the plasma total protein and protein fractions. In conclusion, adding 1% GM to diet can mitigate the negative effects of dietary OTC on plasma proteins. Thus, GM may boost health of rainbow trout during the period of medication with OTC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ginger" title="ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20protein%20electrophoresis" title=" plasma protein electrophoresis"> plasma protein electrophoresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20additive" title=" dietary additive"> dietary additive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainbow%20trout" title=" rainbow trout"> rainbow trout</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170310/interaction-effects-of-dietary-ginger-zingiber-officinale-on-plasma-protein-fractions-in-rainbow-trout-oncorhynchus-mykiss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1632</span> Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Enhances the Mitochondrial Function by Increasing Beta-Oxidation and a Balanced Mitochondrial Recycling in Mice Granulosa Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Elhamouly">Moustafa Elhamouly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masayuki%20Shimada"> Masayuki Shimada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The production of competent oocytes is essential for reproductivity in mammals. Maintenance of mitochondrial efficiency is required to supply the ATP necessary for granulosa cell proliferation during the follicular development process. Treatment with Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been reported to increase the number of ovulated oocytes and pups per delivery in mice by maintaining healthy mitochondrial function. This study aimed to elucidate how PQQ maintains mitochondrial function during ovarian follicle growth. To do this, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with granulosa cells from superovulated immature (3-week-old) mice that were pretreated with or without PQQ. The effects of PQQ on beta-oxidation, mitochondrial function, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis were examined. PQQ increased beta-oxidation-related genes and CPT1 protein content in granulosa cells and this was associated with a decreased phosphorylation of P38 signaling protein. Using the fatty acid oxidation assay on the flux analyzer, PQQ increased the reliance of beta-oxidation on the endogenous fatty acids and was associated with a mild UCP-dependant mitochondrial uncoupling, ATP production, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. PQQ also increased the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Thus, PQQ induced beta-oxidation in growing granulosa cells relying on endogenous fatty acids. And reduced the Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inducing a mild mitochondrial uncoupling with keeping high mitochondrial function. Damaged mitochondria were recycled by the induced mitophagy and replaced by the increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Collectively, PQQ may enhance reproductivity by maintaining the efficiency of mitochondria to produce enough ATP required for normal folliculogenesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granulosa%20cells" title="granulosa cells">granulosa cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitochondrial%20uncoupling" title=" mitochondrial uncoupling"> mitochondrial uncoupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitophagy" title=" mitophagy"> mitophagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrroloquinoline%20quinone%20%28PQQ%29" title=" pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)"> pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20oxygen%20species%20%28ROS%29." title=" reactive oxygen species (ROS)."> reactive oxygen species (ROS).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156680/pyrroloquinoline-quinone-enhances-the-mitochondrial-function-by-increasing-beta-oxidation-and-a-balanced-mitochondrial-recycling-in-mice-granulosa-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1631</span> Plasma Ion Implantation Study: A Comparison between Tungsten and Tantalum as Plasma Facing Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahreem%20Yousaf">Tahreem Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20P.%20Bradley"> Michael P. Bradley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerzy%20A.%20Szpunar"> Jerzy A. Szpunar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, nuclear fusion is considered one of the most favorable options for future energy generation, due both to its abundant fuel and lack of emissions. For fusion power reactors, a major problem will be a suitable material choice for the Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) which will constitute the reactor first wall. Tungsten (W) has advantages as a PFC material because of its high melting point, low vapour pressure, high thermal conductivity and low retention of hydrogen isotopes. However, several adverse effects such as embrittlement, melting and morphological evolution have been observed in W when it is bombarded by low-energy and high-fluence helium (He) and deuterium (D) ions, as a simulation conditions adjacent to a fusion plasma. Recently, tantalum (Ta) also investigate as PFC and show better reluctance to nanostructure fuzz as compared to W under simulated fusion plasma conditions. But retention of D ions found high in Ta than W. Preparatory to plasma-based ion implantation studies, the effect of D and He ion impact on W and Ta is predicted by using the stopping and range of ions in the matter (SRIM) code. SRIM provided some theoretical results regarding projected range, ion concentration (at. %) and displacement damage (dpa) in W and Ta. The projected range for W under Irradiation of He and D ions with an energy of 3-keV and 1×fluence is determined 75Å and 135 Å and for Ta 85Å and 155Å, respectively. For both W and Ta samples, the maximum implanted peak for helium is predicted ~ 5.3 at. % at 12 nm and for De ions concentration peak is located near 3.1 at. % at 25 nm. For the same parameters, the displacement damage for He ions is observed in W ~ 0.65 dpa and Ta ~ 0.35 dpa at 5 nm. For D ions the displacement damage for W ~ 0.20 dpa at 8 nm and Ta ~ 0.175 dpa at 7 nm. The mean implantation depth is same for W and Ta, i.e. for He ions ~ 40 nm and D ions ~ 70 nm. From these results, we conclude that retention of D is high than He ions, but damage is low for Ta as compared to W. Further investigation still in progress regarding W and T. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helium%20and%20deuterium%20ion%20impact" title="helium and deuterium ion impact">helium and deuterium ion impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20facing%20components" title=" plasma facing components"> plasma facing components</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRIM%20simulation" title=" SRIM simulation"> SRIM simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tungsten" title=" tungsten"> tungsten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tantalum" title=" tantalum "> tantalum </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121954/plasma-ion-implantation-study-a-comparison-between-tungsten-and-tantalum-as-plasma-facing-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1630</span> Hybrid Advanced Oxidative Pretreatment of Complex Industrial Effluent for Biodegradability Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Paradkar">K. Paradkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Mudliar"> S. N. Mudliar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sharma"> A. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Pandit"> A. B. Pandit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Pandey"> R. A. Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study explores the hybrid combination of Hydrodynamic Cavitation (HC) and Subcritical Wet Air Oxidation-based pretreatment of complex industrial effluent to enhance the biodegradability selectively (without major COD destruction) to facilitate subsequent enhanced downstream processing via anaerobic or aerobic biological treatment. Advanced oxidation based techniques can be less efficient as standalone options and a hybrid approach by combining Hydrodynamic Cavitation (HC), and Wet Air Oxidation (WAO) can lead to a synergistic effect since both the options are based on common free radical mechanism. The HC can be used for initial turbulence and generation of hotspots which can begin the free radical attack and this agitating mixture then can be subjected to less intense WAO since initial heat (to raise the activation energy) can be taken care by HC alone. Lab-scale venturi-based hydrodynamic cavitation and wet air oxidation reactor with biomethanated distillery wastewater (BMDWW) as a model effluent was examined for establishing the proof-of-concept. The results indicated that for a desirable biodegradability index (BOD: COD - BI) enhancement (up to 0.4), the Cavitation (standalone) pretreatment condition was: 5 bar and 88 min reaction time with a COD reduction of 36 % and BI enhancement of up to 0.27 (initial BI - 0.17). The optimum WAO condition (standalone) was: 150oC, 6 bar and 30 minutes with 31% COD reduction and 0.33 BI. The hybrid pretreatment (combined Cavitation + WAO) worked out to be 23.18 min HC (at 5 bar) followed by 30 min WAO at 150oC, 6 bar, at which around 50% COD was retained yielding a BI of 0.55. FTIR & NMR analysis of pretreated effluent indicated dissociation and/or reorientation of complex organic compounds in untreated effluent to simpler organic compounds post-pretreatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title="hybrid">hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic%20cavitation" title=" hydrodynamic cavitation"> hydrodynamic cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20air%20oxidation" title=" wet air oxidation"> wet air oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradability%20index" title=" biodegradability index"> biodegradability index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35052/hybrid-advanced-oxidative-pretreatment-of-complex-industrial-effluent-for-biodegradability-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1629</span> Study of Ion Density Distribution and Sheath Thickness in Warm Electronegative Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajat%20Dhawan">Rajat Dhawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitendra%20K.%20Malik"> Hitendra K. Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronegative plasmas comprising electrons, positive ions, and negative ions are advantageous for their expanding applications in industries. In plasma cleaning, plasma etching, and plasma deposition process, electronegative plasmas are preferred because of relatively less potential developed on the surface of the material under investigation. Also, the presence of negative ions avoid the irregularity in etching shapes and also enhance the material working during the fabrication process. The interaction of metallic conducting surface with plasma becomes mandatory to understand these applications. A metallic conducting probe immersed in a plasma results in the formation of a thin layer of charged species around the probe called as a sheath. The density of the ions embedded on the surface of the material and the sheath thickness are the important parameters for the surface-plasma interaction. Sheath thickness will give rise to the information of affected plasma region due to conducting surface/probe. The knowledge of the density of ions in the sheath region is advantageous in plasma nitriding, and their temperature is equally important as it strongly influences the thickness of the modified layer during surface plasma interaction. In the present work, we considered a negatively biased metallic probe immersed in a warm electronegative plasma. For this system, we adopted the continuity equation and momentum transfer equation for both the positive and negative ions, whereas electrons are described by Boltzmann distribution. Finally, we use the Poisson’s equation. Here, we assumed the spherical geometry for small probe radius. Poisson’s equation reveals the behaviour of potential surrounding a conducting metallic probe along with the use of the continuity and momentum transfer equations, with the help of proper boundary conditions. In turn, it gives rise to the information about the density profile of charged species and most importantly the thickness of the sheath. By keeping in mind, the well-known Bohm-Sheath criterion, all calculations are done. We found that positive ion density decreases with an increase in positive ion temperature, whereas it increases with the higher temperature of the negative ions. Positive ion density decreases as we move away from the center of the probe and is found to show a discontinuity at a particular distance from the center of the probe. The distance where discontinuity occurs is designated as sheath edge, i.e., the point where sheath ends. These results are beneficial for industrial applications, as the density of ions embedded on material surface is strongly affected by the temperature of plasma species. It has a drastic influence on the surface properties, i.e., the hardness, corrosion resistance, etc. of the materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronegative%20plasmas" title="electronegative plasmas">electronegative plasmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20surface%20interaction%20positive%20ion%20density" title=" plasma surface interaction positive ion density"> plasma surface interaction positive ion density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheath%20thickness" title=" sheath thickness"> sheath thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103124/study-of-ion-density-distribution-and-sheath-thickness-in-warm-electronegative-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1628</span> Plasma Technology for Hazardous Biomedical Waste Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20E.%20Messerle">V. E. Messerle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20L.%20Mosse"> A. L. Mosse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Lavrichshev"> O. A. Lavrichshev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Nikonchuk"> A. N. Nikonchuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Ustimenko"> A. B. Ustimenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most serious environmental problems today is pollution by biomedical waste (BMW), which in most cases has undesirable properties such as toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, fire. Sanitary and hygienic survey of typical solid BMW, made in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and other countries shows that their risk to the environment is significantly higher than that of most chemical wastes. Utilization of toxic BMW requires use of the most universal methods to ensure disinfection and disposal of any of their components. Such technology is a plasma technology of BMW processing. To implement this technology a thermodynamic analysis of the plasma processing of BMW was fulfilled and plasma-box furnace was developed. The studies have been conducted on the example of the processing of bone. To perform thermodynamic calculations software package Terra was used. Calculations were carried out in the temperature range 300 - 3000 K and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. It is shown that the final products do not contain toxic substances. From the organic mass of BMW synthesis gas containing combustible components 77.4-84.6% was basically produced, and mineral part consists mainly of calcium oxide and contains no carbon. Degree of gasification of carbon reaches 100% by the temperature 1250 K. Specific power consumption for BMW processing increases with the temperature throughout its range and reaches 1 kWh/kg. To realize plasma processing of BMW experimental installation with DC plasma torch of 30 kW power was developed. The experiments allowed verifying the thermodynamic calculations. Wastes are packed in boxes weighing 5-7 kg. They are placed in the box furnace. Under the influence of air plasma flame average temperature in the box reaches 1800 OC, the organic part of the waste is gasified and inorganic part of the waste is melted. The resulting synthesis gas is continuously withdrawn from the unit through the cooling and cleaning system. Molten mineral part of the waste is removed from the furnace after it has been stopped. Experimental studies allowed determining operating modes of the plasma box furnace, the exhaust gases was analyzed, samples of condensed products were assembled and their chemical composition was determined. Gas at the outlet of the plasma box furnace has the following composition (vol.%): CO - 63.4, H2 - 6.2, N2 - 29.6, S - 0.8. The total concentration of synthesis gas (CO + H2) is 69.6%, which agrees well with the thermodynamic calculation. Experiments confirmed absence of the toxic substances in the final products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20waste" title="biomedical waste">biomedical waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20furnace" title=" box furnace"> box furnace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20torch" title=" plasma torch"> plasma torch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processing" title=" processing"> processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis%20gas" title=" synthesis gas"> synthesis gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26480/plasma-technology-for-hazardous-biomedical-waste-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1627</span> Distribution of Dynamical and Energy Parameters in Axisymmetric Air Plasma Jet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitas%20Valin%C4%8Dius">Vitas Valinčius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rolandas%20Uscila"> Rolandas Uscila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktorija%20Grigaitien%C4%97"> Viktorija Grigaitienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%BDydr%C5%ABnas%20Kavaliauskas"> Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romualdas%20K%C4%97%C5%BEelis"> Romualdas Kėželis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of integral dynamical and energy characteristics of high-temperature gas flows is a very important task of gas-dynamic for hazardous substances destruction systems. They are also always necessary for the investigation of high-temperature turbulent flow dynamics, heat and mass transfer. It is well known that distribution of dynamical and thermal characteristics of high-temperature flows and jets is strongly related to heat flux variation over an imposed area of heating. As is visible from numerous experiments and theoretical considerations, the fundamental properties of an isothermal jet are well investigated. However, the establishment of regularities in high-temperature conditions meets certain specific behavior comparing with moderate-temperature jets and flows. Their structures have not been thoroughly studied yet, especially in the cases of plasma ambient. It is well known that the distribution of local plasma jet parameters in high temperature and isothermal jets and flows may significantly differ. High temperature axisymmetric air jet generated by atmospheric pressure DC arc plasma torch was investigated employing enthalpy probe 3.8∙10-3 m of diameter. Distribution of velocities and temperatures were established in different cross-sections of the plasma jet outflowing from 42∙10-3 m diameter pipe at the average mean velocity of 700 m∙s-1, and averaged temperature of 4000 K. It has been found that gas heating fractionally influences shape and values of a dimensionless profile of velocity and temperature in the main zone of plasma jet and has a significant influence in the initial zone of the plasma jet. The width of the initial zone of the plasma jet has been found to be lesser than in the case of isothermal flow. The relation between dynamical thickness and turbulent number of Prandtl has been established along jet axis. Experimental results were generalized in dimensionless form. The presence of convective heating shows that heat transfer in a moving high-temperature jet also occurs due to heat transfer by moving particles of the jet. In this case, the intensity of convective heat transfer is proportional to the instantaneous value of the flow velocity at a given point in space. Consequently, the configuration of the temperature field in moving jets and flows essentially depends on the configuration of the velocity field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20jet" title="plasma jet">plasma jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20torch" title=" plasma torch"> plasma torch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthalpy%20probe" title=" enthalpy probe"> enthalpy probe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20number%20of%20Prandtl" title=" turbulent number of Prandtl"> turbulent number of Prandtl</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141615/distribution-of-dynamical-and-energy-parameters-in-axisymmetric-air-plasma-jet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1626</span> Selective Oxidation of 6Mn-2Si Advanced High Strength Steels during Intercritical Annealing Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maedeh%20Pourmajidian">Maedeh Pourmajidian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20R.%20McDermid"> Joseph R. McDermid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advanced High Strength Steels are revolutionizing both the steel and automotive industries due to their high specific strength and ability to absorb energy during crash events. This allows manufacturers to design vehicles with significantly increased fuel efficiency without compromising passenger safety. To maintain the structural integrity of the fabricated parts, they must be protected from corrosion damage through continuous hot-dip galvanizing process, which is challenging due to selective oxidation of Mn and Si on the surface of this AHSSs. The effects of process atmosphere oxygen partial pressure and small additions of Sn on the selective oxidation of a medium-Mn C-6Mn-2Si advanced high strength steel was investigated. Intercritical annealing heat treatments were carried out at 690˚C in an N2-5%H2 process atmosphere under dew points ranging from –50˚C to +5˚C. Surface oxide chemistries, morphologies, and thicknesses were determined at a variety of length scales by several techniques, including SEM, TEM+EELS, and XPS. TEM observations of the sample cross-sections revealed the transition to internal oxidation at the +5˚C dew point. EELS results suggested that the internal oxides network was composed of a multi-layer oxide structure with varying chemistry from oxide core towards the outer part. The combined effect of employing a known surface active element as a function of process atmosphere on the surface structure development and the possible impact on reactive wetting of the steel substrates by the continuous galvanizing zinc bath will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3G%20AHSS" title="3G AHSS">3G AHSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-dip%20galvanizing" title=" hot-dip galvanizing"> hot-dip galvanizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure" title=" oxygen partial pressure"> oxygen partial pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20oxidation" title=" selective oxidation"> selective oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58103/selective-oxidation-of-6mn-2si-advanced-high-strength-steels-during-intercritical-annealing-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1625</span> Dry Modifications of PCL/Chitosan/PCL Tissue Scaffolds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozan%20Ozkan">Ozan Ozkan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilal%20Turkoglu%20Sasmazel"> Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural polymers are widely used in tissue engineering applications, because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability and solubility in the physiological medium. On the other hand, synthetic polymers are also widely utilized in tissue engineering applications, because they carry no risk of infectious diseases and do not cause immune system reaction. However, the disadvantages of both polymer types block their individual usages as tissue scaffolds efficiently. Therefore, the idea of usage of natural and synthetic polymers together as a single 3D hybrid scaffold which has the advantages of both and the disadvantages of none has been entered to the literature. On the other hand, even though these hybrid structures support the cell adhesion and/or proliferation, various surface modification techniques applied to the surfaces of them to create topographical changes on the surfaces and to obtain reactive functional groups required for the immobilization of biomolecules, especially on the surfaces of synthetic polymers in order to improve cell adhesion and proliferation. In a study presented here, to improve the surface functionality and topography of the layer by layer electrospun 3D poly-epsilon-caprolactone/chitosan/poly-epsilon-caprolactone hybrid tissue scaffolds by using atmospheric pressure plasma method, thus to improve cell adhesion and proliferation of these tissue scaffolds were aimed. The formation/creation of the functional hydroxyl and amine groups and topographical changes on the surfaces of scaffolds were realized by using two different atmospheric pressure plasma systems (nozzle type and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) type) carried out under different gas medium (air, Ar+O2, Ar+N2). The plasma modification time and distance for the nozzle type plasma system as well as the plasma modification time and the gas flow rate for DBD type plasma system were optimized with monitoring the changes in surface hydrophilicity by using contact angle measurements. The topographical and chemical characterizations of these modified biomaterials’ surfaces were carried out with SEM and ESCA, respectively. The results showed that the atmospheric pressure plasma modifications carried out with both nozzle type plasma and DBD plasma caused topographical and functionality changes on the surfaces of the layer by layer electrospun tissue scaffolds. However, the shelf life studies indicated that the hydrophilicity introduced to the surfaces was mainly because of the functionality changes. Therefore, according to the optimized results, samples treated with nozzle type air plasma modification applied for 9 minutes from a distance of 17 cm and Ar+O2 DBD plasma modification applied for 1 minute under 70 cm3/min O2 flow rate were found to have the highest hydrophilicity compared to pristine samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title="biomaterial">biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title=" plasma"> plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10533/dry-modifications-of-pclchitosanpcl-tissue-scaffolds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1624</span> Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Typology in Kenya: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Kimutai%20Langat">Joseph Kimutai Langat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tea typology is the science of classifying tea. This study was carried out between November 2023 and July 2024, whose main objective was to investigate the typological classification nomenclature of processed tea in the world, narrowing down to Kenya. Centres of origin, historical background, tea growing region, scientific naming system, market, fermentation levels, processing/ oxidation levels and cultural reasons are used to classify tea at present. Of these, the most common typology is by oxidation, and more specifically, by the production methods within the oxidation categories. While the Asian tea producing countries categorises tea products based on the decreasing oxidation levels during the manufacturing process: black tea, green tea, oolong tea and instant tea, Kenya’s tea typology system is based on the degree of fermentation process, i.e. black tea, purple tea, green tea and white tea. Tea is also classified into five categories: black tea, green tea, white tea, oolong tea, and dark tea. Black tea is the main tea processed and exported in Kenya, manufactured mainly by withering, rolling, or by use of cutting-tearing-curling (CTC) method that ensures efficient conversion of leaf herbage to made tea, oxidizing, and drying before being sorted into different grades. It is from these varied typological methods that this review paper concludes that different regions of the world use different classification nomenclature. Therefore, since tea typology is not standardized, it is recommended that a global tea regulator dealing in tea classification be created to standardize tea typology, with domestic in-country regulatory bodies in tea growing countries accredited to implement the global-wide typological agreements and resolutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tea" title=" tea"> tea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=typology" title=" typology"> typology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188003/tea-camellia-sinensis-l-o-kuntze-typology-in-kenya-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1623</span> Pregnancy Outcome in Pregnancy with Low Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A in First Trimester</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumi%20Manjipparambil%20Surendran">Sumi Manjipparambil Surendran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrata%20Majumdar"> Subrata Majumdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The aim of the study is to find out if low PAPP-A (Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A) levels in the first trimester are associated with adverse obstetric outcome. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 114 singleton pregnancies having undergone combined test screening. Results: There is statistically significant increased incidence of low birth weight infants in the low PAPP-A group. However, significant association was not found in the incidence of pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, and placental abruption. Conclusion: Low PAPP-A in the first trimester is associated with fetal growth restriction. Recommendation: Women with low PAPP-A levels in first trimester pregnancy screening require consultant-led care and serial growth scans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title="pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy-associated%20plasma%20protein%20A" title=" pregnancy-associated plasma protein A"> pregnancy-associated plasma protein A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAPP-A" title=" PAPP-A"> PAPP-A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fetal%20growth%20restriction" title=" fetal growth restriction"> fetal growth restriction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trimester" title=" trimester"> trimester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133011/pregnancy-outcome-in-pregnancy-with-low-pregnancy-associated-plasma-protein-a-in-first-trimester" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1622</span> Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Changes in Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ounassa%20Adjroud">Ounassa Adjroud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is one of the most toxic elements to which man can be exposed at work or in the environment. The purpose of the current work is to compare the effect of K2Cr2O7 using variations in the dose, route of administration and duration of exposure in male and female Wistar albino rats with a special focus on biochemical parameters. K2Cr2O7 was subcutaneously administered alone (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) to female Wistar albino rats. Male rats received in their drinking water K2Cr2O7 30 mg/L/day) for 20 consecutive days. The Biochemical parameters were evaluated on days 3, 6 and 21 after subcutaneous (sc.) treatment in female rats and on days 10 and 20 after oral administration in male rats. The subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 25 mg/kg of K2Cr2O7 to Wistar albino rats induced a slight change in plasma glucose levels during the experiment period. On the contrary, a significant decrease in plasma glucose levels was observed with 50 mg/kg mainly on days 3 (-26%) and 21 (-48%) after treatment compared to controls females rats. On the other hand, the higher dose provoked a significant increase in plasma glucose concentrations on days 6 (+31%) and 21 (+60%). similarly, the lower dose of chromium had no effect on the plasma urea levels. Conversely, a significant increase (122%) in this parameter was obtained during the first three days after treatment. In addition, a significant decrease in plasma glucose levels was observed with 50 mg/kg mainly on days 3 (-26%) and 21 (-48%) after treatment. On the other hand, the higher dose provoked a significant increase in plasma glucose concentrations on days 6 (+31%) and 21 (+60%). similarly, the lower dose of chromium had no effect on the plasma urea levels. Conversely, a significant increase in this parameter (122%) was obtained during the first three days after treatment. In addition, administration of 100 mg/kg of K2Cr2O7 by s.c markedly augmented the levels of plasma urea on days 3 (62%) and 6 (121%). Administration of 30 mg/L/day of K2Cr2O7 in the drinking water induced a significant augmentation in both of plasma glucose (27%) and urea (126%) during the first ten days of treatment. These results suggested that K2Cr2O7 administered subcutaneously or in the drinking water may induce harmful effects on biochemical parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glucose" title="glucose">glucose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20dichromate" title=" potassium dichromate"> potassium dichromate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wistar%20albino%20rat" title=" Wistar albino rat"> Wistar albino rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea" title=" urea"> urea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46458/hexavalent-chromium-induced-changes-in-biochemical-parameters-of-wistar-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1621</span> Characteristic of Oxidation Resistant High-Entropy Alloys for Application in Zero-Emission Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20J.%20Nowak">Wojciech J. Nowak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Maciaszek"> Natalia Maciaszek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Drajewicz"> Marcin Drajewicz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A constant requirement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in combination with the desire to increase gas turbine efficiency results in a continuous trend to increase the operating temperature of gas turbines. An increase in operating temperature will result in lower fuel consumption, and a higher combustion temperature will result in lower pollution release. Moreover, there is a strong trend for hydrogen to be used as an alternative and clean fuel. However, using hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuel results in a higher combustion temperature, as well as an increase in the water vapor content in the exhaust gases. Commonly used Ni-base alloys have their limits. Moreover, the presence of water vapor worsens the oxidation behavior of Ni-based alloys at a high temperature. Therefore, a new brand of materials is demanded to be used in gas turbines operated with hydrogen-rich fuel. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) seem to be very promising materials to replace commonly used Ni-based alloys. HEAs are the group of materials consisting of at least five main equiatomic elements. These alloys can be doped by other elements in amounts less than 5 at. % in total. Thus, in the present study, NiCoCrAlFe-X alloys are studied in terms of oxidation behavior during exposure to dry and wet atmospheres up to 1000 h. NiCoCrAlFe-X alloys are doped with minor alloying elements in amounts ranging from 1-5 at.%. The effect of the chemical composition on oxidation resistance in dry and wet atmospheres will be shown and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20entropy%20alloys" title="high entropy alloys">high entropy alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation%20resistance" title=" oxidation resistance"> oxidation resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20fuel" title=" hydrogen fuel"> hydrogen fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20vapor" title=" water vapor"> water vapor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186777/characteristic-of-oxidation-resistant-high-entropy-alloys-for-application-in-zero-emission-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1620</span> Aerodynamic Devices Development for Model Aircraft Control and Wind-Driven Bicycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuta%20Moriyama">Yuta Moriyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsuyoshi%20Yamazaki"> Tsuyoshi Yamazaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etsuo%20Morishita"> Etsuo Morishita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several aerodynamic devices currently attract engineers and research students. The plasma actuator is one of them, and it is very effective to control the flow. The actuator recovers a separated flow to an attached one. The actuator is also inversely applied to a spoiler. The model aircraft might be controlled by this actuator. We develop a model aircraft with the plasma actuator. Another interesting device is the Wells turbine which rotates in one direction. The present authors propose a bicycle with the Wells turbine in the wheels. Power reduction is measured when the turbine is driven by an electric motor at the exit of a wind tunnel. Several Watts power reduction might be possible. This means that the torque of the bike can be augmented by the turbine in the cross wind. These devices are tested in the wind tunnel with a three-component balance and the aerodynamic forces and moment are obtained. In this paper, we introduce these devices and their aerodynamic characteristics. The control force and moment of the plasma actuator are clarified and the power reduction of the bicycle is quantified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20aircraft" title=" model aircraft"> model aircraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20actuator" title=" plasma actuator"> plasma actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wells%20turbine" title=" Wells turbine"> Wells turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92167/aerodynamic-devices-development-for-model-aircraft-control-and-wind-driven-bicycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1619</span> Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Argon Plasma Jet on Healing Process of the Wagner Grade 2 Diabetic Foot Ulcer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khaledi%20Pour">M. Khaledi Pour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Akbartehrani"> P. Akbartehrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Amini"> M. Amini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khani"> M. Khani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mohajeri%20Tehrani"> M. Mohajeri Tehrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Radi"> R. Radi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Shokri"> B. Shokri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is one of the costly severe complications of diabetes. Neuropathy and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) due to diabetes are significant causes of this complication. In 10 years the patients with DFUs are twice as likely to die as patients without DFUs. Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is a promising tool for medical purposes. CAP generate reactive species at room temperature and are effective in killing bacteria and fibroblast proliferation. These CAP-based tools produce NO, which has bactericidal and angiogenesis properties. It also showed promising effects in the DFUs surface reduction and the time to wound closure. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of the Argon Plasma Jet (APJ) on the healing process of the Wagner Grade 2 DFUs in a randomized clinical trial. The 20 kHz sinusoidal voltage frequency derives the APJ. Patients (n=20) were randomly double-blinded assigned into two groups. These groups receive the standard care (SC, n=10) and the standard care with APJ treatment (SC+APJ, n=10) for five sessions in four weeks. The results showed that the APJ treatment along standard care could reduce the wound surface by 20 percent more than the standard care. Also, It showed a more influential role in controlling wound infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argon%20plasma%20jet" title="argon plasma jet">argon plasma jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20atmospheric%20plasma" title=" cold atmospheric plasma"> cold atmospheric plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot%20ulcer" title=" diabetic foot ulcer"> diabetic foot ulcer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141056/evaluation-of-the-effectiveness-of-the-argon-plasma-jet-on-healing-process-of-the-wagner-grade-2-diabetic-foot-ulcer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1618</span> Development and Validation of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Linagliptin in Rat Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Mahgoub">Hoda Mahgoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Hanafy"> Abeer Hanafy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Linagliptin (LNG) belongs to dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class. DPP-4 inhibitors represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an accurate and reproducible HPLC method for the determination of LNG with high sensitivity in rat plasma. The method involved separation of both LNG and pindolol (internal standard) at ambient temperature on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 column and a mobile phase composed of 75% methanol: 25% formic acid 0.1% pH 4.1 at a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1. UV detection was performed at 254nm. The method was validated in compliance with ICH guidelines and found to be linear in the range of 5–1000ng.mL-1. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 5ng.mL-1 based on 100µL of plasma. The variations for intra- and inter-assay precision were less than 10%, and the accuracy values were ranged between 93.3% and 102.5%. The extraction recovery (R%) was more than 83%. The method involved a single extraction step of a very small plasma volume (100µL). The assay was successfully applied to an in-vivo pharmacokinetic study of LNG in rats that were administered a single oral dose of 10mg.kg-1 LNG. The maximum concentration (Cmax) was found to be 927.5 ± 23.9ng.mL-1. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-72) was 18285.02 ± 605.76h.ng.mL-1. In conclusion, the good accuracy and low LOQ of the bioanalytical HPLC method were suitable for monitoring the full pharmacokinetic profile of LNG in rats. The main advantages of the method were the sensitivity, small sample volume, single-step extraction procedure and the short time of analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC" title="HPLC">HPLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linagliptin" title=" linagliptin"> linagliptin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmacokinetic%20study" title=" pharmacokinetic study"> pharmacokinetic study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat%20plasma" title=" rat plasma"> rat plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70181/development-and-validation-of-high-performance-liquid-chromatography-method-for-the-determination-and-pharmacokinetic-study-of-linagliptin-in-rat-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1617</span> Numerical Analysis of Core-Annular Blood Flow in Microvessels at Low Reynolds Numbers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Achab">L. Achab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Iachachene"> F. Iachachene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In microvessels, red blood cells (RBCs) exhibit a tendency to migrate towards the vessel center, establishing a core-annular flow pattern. The core region, marked by a high concentration of RBCs, is governed by significantly non-Newtonian viscosity. Conversely, the annular layer, composed of cell-free plasma, is characterized by Newtonian low viscosity. This property enables the plasma layer to act as a lubricant for the vessel walls, efficiently reducing resistance to the movement of blood cells. In this study, we investigate the factors influencing blood flow in microvessels and the thickness of the annular plasma layer using a non-miscible fluids approach in a 2D axisymmetric geometry. The governing equations of an incompressible unsteady flow are solved numerically through the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to track the interface between the two immiscible fluids. To model blood viscosity in the core region, we adopt the Quemada constitutive law which is accurately captures the shear-thinning blood rheology over a wide range of shear rates. Our results are then compared to an established theoretical approach under identical flow conditions, particularly concerning the radial velocity profile and the thickness of the annular plasma layer. The simulation findings for low Reynolds numbers, demonstrate a notable agreement with the theoretical solution, emphasizing the pivotal role of blood’s rheological properties in the core region in determining the thickness of the annular plasma layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-annular%20flows" title="core-annular flows">core-annular flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microvessels" title=" microvessels"> microvessels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quemada%20model" title=" Quemada model"> Quemada model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20layer%20thickness" title=" plasma layer thickness"> plasma layer thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20of%20fluid%20method" title=" volume of fluid method"> volume of fluid method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182213/numerical-analysis-of-core-annular-blood-flow-in-microvessels-at-low-reynolds-numbers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1616</span> Haemocompatibility of Surface Modified AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Tested in Artificial Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Walke">W. Walke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Przondziono"> J. Przondziono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Nowi%C5%84ska"> K. Nowińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study comprises evaluation of suitability of passive layer created on the surface of AISI 316L stainless steel for products that are intended to have contact with blood. For that purpose, prior to and after chemical passivation, samples were subject to 7 day exposure in artificial plasma at the temperature of T=37°C. Next, tests of metallic ions infiltration from the surface to the solution were performed. The tests were performed with application of spectrometer JY 2000, by Yobin – Yvon, employing Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). In order to characterize physical and chemical features of electrochemical processes taking place during exposure of samples to artificial plasma, tests with application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were suggested. The tests were performed with application of measuring unit equipped with potentiostat PGSTAT 302n with an attachment for impedance tests FRA2. Measurements were made in the environment simulating human blood at the temperature of T=37°C. Performed tests proved that application of chemical passivation process for AISI 316L stainless steel used for production of goods intended to have contact with blood is well-grounded and useful in order to improve safety of their usage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AISI%20316L%20stainless%20steel" title="AISI 316L stainless steel">AISI 316L stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20passivation" title=" chemical passivation"> chemical passivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20plasma" title=" artificial plasma"> artificial plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ions%20infiltration" title=" ions infiltration"> ions infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIS" title=" EIS"> EIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8994/haemocompatibility-of-surface-modified-aisi-316l-austenitic-stainless-steel-tested-in-artificial-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1615</span> MHD Equilibrium Study in Alborz Tokamak</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryamosadat%20Ghasemi">Maryamosadat Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Amrollahi"> Reza Amrollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plasma equilibrium geometry has a great influence on the confinement and magnetohydrodynamic stability in tokamaks. The poloidal field (PF) system of a tokamak should be able to support this plasma equilibrium geometry. In this work the prepared numerical code based on radial basis functions are presented and used to solve the Grad–Shafranov (GS) equation for the axisymmetric equilibrium of tokamak plasma. The radial basis functions (RBFs) which is a kind of numerical meshfree method (MFM) for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has appeared in the last decade and is developing significantly in the last few years. This technique is applied in this study to obtain the equilibrium configuration for Alborz Tokamak. The behavior of numerical solution convergences show the validation of this calculations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title="equilibrium">equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grad%E2%80%93shafranov" title=" grad–shafranov"> grad–shafranov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20basis%20functions" title=" radial basis functions"> radial basis functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alborz%20Tokamak" title=" Alborz Tokamak"> Alborz Tokamak</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30952/mhd-equilibrium-study-in-alborz-tokamak" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1614</span> Design and Performance Evaluation of Plasma Spouted Bed Reactor for Converting Waste Plastic into Green Hydrogen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palash%20Kumar%20Mollick">Palash Kumar Mollick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leire%20Olazar"> Leire Olazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Santamaria"> Laura Santamaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Comendador"> Pablo Comendador</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gartzen%20Lopez"> Gartzen Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Olazar"> Martin Olazar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Average calorific value of a mixure of waste plastic is approximately 38 MJ/kg. Present work aims to extract maximum possible energy from a mixure of waste plastic using a DC thermal plasma in a spouted bed reactor. Plasma pyrolysis and steam reforming process has shown a potential to generate hydrogen from plastic with much below of legal limit of producing dioxins and furans as the carcinogenic gases. A spouted bed pyrolysis rector can continuously process plastic beads to produce organic volatiles, which later react with steam in presence of catalyst to results in syngas. lasma being the fourth state of matter, can carry high impact electrons to favour the activation energy of any chemical reactions. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics software has been performed to evaluate performance of a plasma spouted bed reactor in producing contamination free hydrogen as a green energy from waste plastic beads. The simulation results will showcase a design of a plasma spouted bed reactor for converting plastic waste into green hydrogen in a single step process. The high temperature hydrodynamics of spouted bed with plastic beads and the corresponding temperature distribution inside the reaction chamber will be critically examined for it’s near future installation of demonstration plant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20hydrogen" title="green hydrogen">green hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20waste" title=" plastic waste"> plastic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20gas" title=" synthetic gas"> synthetic gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steam%20reforming" title=" steam reforming"> steam reforming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spouted%20bed" title=" spouted bed"> spouted bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactor%20design" title=" reactor design"> reactor design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title=" plasma"> plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dc%20palsma" title=" dc palsma"> dc palsma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cfd%20simulation" title=" cfd simulation"> cfd simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168911/design-and-performance-evaluation-of-plasma-spouted-bed-reactor-for-converting-waste-plastic-into-green-hydrogen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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