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</li> <li id="toc-Philip_Burton_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philip_Burton_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Philip Burton years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philip_Burton_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1943–1947:_Early_career_and_service_in_the_RAF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1943–1947:_Early_career_and_service_in_the_RAF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1943–1947: Early career and service in the RAF </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1943–1947:_Early_career_and_service_in_the_RAF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948–1951:_Rise_through_the_ranks_and_film_debut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948–1951:_Rise_through_the_ranks_and_film_debut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1948–1951: Rise through the ranks and film debut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948–1951:_Rise_through_the_ranks_and_film_debut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1952–1954:_Hollywood_and_The_Old_Vic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1952–1954:_Hollywood_and_The_Old_Vic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1952–1954: Hollywood and The Old Vic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1952–1954:_Hollywood_and_The_Old_Vic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1955–1959:_Setback_in_films_and_on-stage_fame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1955–1959:_Setback_in_films_and_on-stage_fame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1955–1959: Setback in films and on-stage fame </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1955–1959:_Setback_in_films_and_on-stage_fame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960–1969:_Broadway,_Hamlet_and_films_with_Elizabeth_Taylor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960–1969:_Broadway,_Hamlet_and_films_with_Elizabeth_Taylor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1960–1969: Broadway, Hamlet and films with Elizabeth Taylor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960–1969:_Broadway,_Hamlet_and_films_with_Elizabeth_Taylor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970–1984:_Later_career_and_final_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970–1984:_Later_career_and_final_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 1970–1984: Later career and final years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970–1984:_Later_career_and_final_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriages_and_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages_and_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Marriages and relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages_and_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Personal views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Health problems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Declining_health_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declining_health_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Declining health and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declining_health_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acting_credits_and_accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acting_credits_and_accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Acting credits and accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acting_credits_and_accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Richard Burton</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" > 73 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ريتشارد برتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد برتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="রিচার্ড বার্টন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিচার্ড বার্টন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%91%D1%80)" title="Ричард Бёртон (актёр) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ричард Бёртон (актёр)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%91%D1%80)" title="Рычард Бёртан (акцёр) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард Бёртан (акцёр)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Ричард Бъртън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ричард Бъртън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Ρίτσαρντ Μπάρτον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίτσαρντ Μπάρτον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ریچارد برتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد برتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton_(akteur)" title="Richard Burton (akteur) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Richard Burton (akteur)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EB%B2%84%ED%84%B4" title="리처드 버턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 버턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ռիչարդ Բարթոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ Բարթոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ריצ'רד ברטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד ברטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಬರ್ಟನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಬರ್ಟನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რიჩარდ ბარტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიჩარდ ბარტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ричард Бёртон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ричард Бёртон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardus_Burton" title="Ricardus Burton – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricardus Burton" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C4%8Dards_B%C4%93rtons" title="Ričards Bērtons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ričards Bērtons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ричард Бартон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ричард Бартон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BA" title="റിച്ചാർഡ് ബർട്ടൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിച്ചാർഡ് ബർട്ടൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ريتشارد بيرتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد بيرتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ричард Бартон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ричард Бартон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton_(acteur)" title="Richard Burton (acteur) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard Burton (acteur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="リチャード・バートン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・バートン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰਿਚਰਡ ਬਰਟਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਿਚਰਡ ਬਰਟਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%91%D1%80)" title="Бёртон, Ричард (актёр) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бёртон, Ричард (актёр)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ричард Бартон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ричард Бартон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ரிச்சர்ட் பர்டன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரிச்சர்ட் பர்டன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ริชาร์ด เบอร์ตัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ริชาร์ด เบอร์ตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Річард Бертон (актор) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард Бертон (актор)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Richard Burton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="理查德·伯顿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="理查德·伯顿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AF%9F%E6%B3%A2%E9%A0%93" title="李察波頓 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="李察波頓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="理查德·伯顿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="理查德·伯顿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q151973#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Richard_Burton" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Welsh actor (1925–1984)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Richard Burton, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Richard Burton (disambiguation)">Richard Burton (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Richard Burton</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Burton_-_The_Robe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Richard Burton in The Robe, 1953" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Richard_Burton_-_The_Robe.jpg/220px-Richard_Burton_-_The_Robe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Richard_Burton_-_The_Robe.jpg/330px-Richard_Burton_-_The_Robe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Richard_Burton_-_The_Robe.jpg/440px-Richard_Burton_-_The_Robe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="1372" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Burton in <a href="/wiki/The_Robe_(film)" title="The Robe (film)">The Robe</a> (1953)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.</div> (1925-11-10)10 November 1925 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Pontrhydyfen" title="Pontrhydyfen">Pontrhydyfen</a>, Wales</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 August 1984(1984-08-05) (aged 58) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ligny" title="Céligny">Céligny</a>, Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Old Cemetery ("Vieux Cimetière") of Céligny</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Actor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1943–1984</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sybil_Christopher" title="Sybil Christopher">Sybil Williams</a> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1949; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1963)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1964; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1974)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-line-margin3px"></div> <div class="marriage-display-ws"> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1975; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1976)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Miller" title="Suzy Miller">Suzy Miller</a> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1976; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1982)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Burton" title="Sally Burton">Sally Hay</a> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1983)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Kate_Burton_(actress)" title="Kate Burton (actress)">Kate Burton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Richard_Burton" title="List of awards and nominations received by Richard Burton">Full list</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Richard Burton <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbɜːrtən/</a>; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 – 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Noted for his mellifluous baritone voice,<a href="#cite_note-Time_Burton-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTDowd-3">[3]</a> Burton established himself as a formidable <a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_actor" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespearean actor">Shakespearean actor</a> in the 1950s and gave a memorable performance as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton%27s_Hamlet" title="Richard Burton's Hamlet">Hamlet</a> in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> He was called "the natural successor to <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Olivier</a>" by critic <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a>. Burton's perceived failure to live up to those expectations<a href="#cite_note-Burton_National_Biography-5">[5]</a> disappointed some critics and colleagues; his heavy drinking added to his image as a great performer who had wasted his talent.<a href="#cite_note-NYTDowd-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hellraisers-6">[6]</a> Nevertheless, he is widely regarded as one of the finest actors of his generation.<a href="#cite_note-Brill1997-7">[7]</a> Burton was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> seven times but never won. He was nominated for his performances in <a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_Rachel_(1952_film)" title="My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)">My Cousin Rachel</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/The_Robe_(1953_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Robe (1953 film)">The Robe</a> (1953), <a href="/wiki/Becket_(1964_film)" title="Becket (1964 film)">Becket</a> (1964), <a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_In_from_the_Cold_(film)" title="The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (film)">The Spy Who Came In from the Cold</a> (1965), <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F_(film)" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_the_Thousand_Days" title="Anne of the Thousand Days">Anne of the Thousand Days</a> (1969) and <a href="/wiki/Equus_(film)" title="Equus (film)">Equus</a> (1977). He received numerous accolades, including a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award">BAFTA Award</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>. He received the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical">Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical</a> for his portrayal of <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lerner_and_Loewe" title="Lerner and Loewe">Lerner and Loewe</a> musical <a href="/wiki/Camelot_(musical)" title="Camelot (musical)">Camelot</a> (1960). In the mid-1960s, Burton became a top box-office star.<a href="#cite_note-Box_Office_Champs-8">[8]</a> By the late 1960s, he was one of the highest-paid actors in the world, receiving fees of $1 million or more plus a share of the gross receipts.<a href="#cite_note-IMDB_Salaries-9">[9]</a> Burton remained closely associated in the public mind with his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>. The couple's turbulent relationship, married twice and divorced twice, was rarely out of the news.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3></div> Burton was born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr. on 10 November 1925 in a house at 2 Dan-y-bont in <a href="/wiki/Pontrhydyfen" title="Pontrhydyfen">Pontrhydyfen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a>, Wales.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg19886–8-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pontrhydyfen-12">[12]</a> He was the twelfth of thirteen children born into the <a href="/wiki/Welsh-speaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh-speaking">Welsh-speaking</a> family of Richard Walter Jenkins Sr. (5 March 1876– 25 March 1957),<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and Edith Maude Jenkins (née Thomas; 28 January 1883 - 31 October 1927).<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg19886–7Parish201126Jedlicka201183-15">[15]</a> Jenkins Sr., called Daddy Ni by the family, was a coal miner, while his mother worked as a barmaid at a pub called the Miner's Arms in the village, where she met and married her husband.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198623Bragg19885-16">[16]</a> According to biographer <a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a>, Richard is quoted saying that Daddy Ni was a "twelve-pints-a-day man" who sometimes went off on drinking and gambling sprees for weeks, and that "he looked very much like me".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg19883-17">[17]</a> Jenkins Sr. was badly burned in a mining explosion and his father Thomas had been confined to a wheelchair after a mining accident.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miners_Arms,_Pontrhydyfen_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3798450.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Miners_Arms%2C_Pontrhydyfen_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3798450.jpg/220px-Miners_Arms%2C_Pontrhydyfen_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3798450.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Miners_Arms%2C_Pontrhydyfen_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3798450.jpg/330px-Miners_Arms%2C_Pontrhydyfen_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3798450.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Miners_Arms%2C_Pontrhydyfen_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3798450.jpg/440px-Miners_Arms%2C_Pontrhydyfen_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3798450.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>The Miner's Arms in Pontrhydyfen where Burton's parents met and married</figcaption></figure> He remembered his mother to be "a very strong woman" and "a religious soul with fair hair and a beautiful face".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg19883Munn201412-19">[19]</a> Richard was barely two years old when his mother died on 31 October, six days after the birth of Graham, the family's thirteenth child.<a href="#cite_note-Pontrhydyfen-12">[12]</a> Edith's death was a result of <a href="/wiki/Postpartum_infections" title="Postpartum infections">postpartum infections</a>; Richard believed it occurred because of "hygiene neglect".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg19887-20">[20]</a> According to biographer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Munn" title="Michael Munn">Michael Munn</a>, Edith "was fastidiously clean", but her exposure to the dust from the coal mines resulted in her death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn201415-21">[21]</a> Following Edith's death, Richard's elder sister Cecilia, whom he affectionately addressed as "Cis", and her husband Elfed James, also a miner, took him under their care. Richard lived with Cis, Elfed and their two daughters, Marian and Rhianon, in their three-bedroom terraced cottage on 73 Caradoc Street, <a href="/wiki/Taibach" title="Taibach">Taibach</a>, a suburban district in <a href="/wiki/Port_Talbot" title="Port Talbot">Port Talbot</a>, which Bragg describes as "a tough steel town, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English-speaking</a>, grind and grime".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg19887,_10,_11Munn201415-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:73_Caradoc_Street,_Port_Talbot_SA13_1UD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/73_Caradoc_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1UD.jpg/220px-73_Caradoc_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1UD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/73_Caradoc_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1UD.jpg/330px-73_Caradoc_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1UD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/73_Caradoc_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1UD.jpg/440px-73_Caradoc_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1UD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>Childhood home with sister Cis</figcaption></figure> Richard remained forever grateful and loving to Cis throughout his life, later going on to say: "When my mother died she, my sister, had become my mother, and more mother to me than any mother could ever have been ... I was immensely proud of her ... she felt all tragedies except her own". Daddy Ni would occasionally visit the homes of his grown daughters but was otherwise absent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg19887,_10-24">[24]</a> Another important figure in Richard's early life was Ifor, his brother, 19 years his senior. A miner and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> player, Ifor "ruled the household with the proverbial firm hand". He was also responsible for nurturing a passion for rugby in young Richard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198812–13,_17JenkinsRogers19937-25">[25]</a> Although Richard also played cricket, tennis, and table tennis, biographer Bragg notes rugby union football to be his greatest interest. On rugby, Richard said he "would rather have played for Wales at <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Arms_Park" title="Cardiff Arms Park">Cardiff Arms Park</a> than Hamlet at <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">The Old Vic</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198817-26">[26]</a> The Welsh rugby union centre, <a href="/wiki/Bleddyn_Williams" title="Bleddyn Williams">Bleddyn Williams</a> believed Richard "had distinct possibilities as a player".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198818-27">[27]</a> From the age of five to eight, Richard was educated at the <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Neath_Port_Talbot#Primary_schools" title="List of schools in Neath Port Talbot">Eastern Primary School</a> while he attended the Boys' segment of the same school from eight to twelve years old.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198626-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-visitnpt-29">[29]</a> He took a scholarship exam for admission into <a href="/wiki/Port_Talbot_Secondary_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Talbot Secondary School">Port Talbot Secondary School</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[a]</a> in March 1937 and passed it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198626Bragg198817–18-31">[30]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Hollis_Alpert" title="Hollis Alpert">Hollis Alpert</a> notes that both Daddy Ni and Ifor considered Richard's education to be "of paramount importance" and planned to send him to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198624–25-32">[31]</a> Richard became the first member of his family to go to secondary school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198624–26-33">[32]</a> He displayed an excellent speaking and singing voice since childhood, even winning an <a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">eisteddfod</a> prize as a <a href="/wiki/Boy_soprano" title="Boy soprano">boy soprano</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198626-28">[28]</a> Whilst a pupil at Port Talbot Secondary School, Richard also showed immense interest in reading poetry as well as English and <a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh literature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-visitnpt-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198821-34">[33]</a> He earned pocket money by running messages, hauling horse manure, and delivering newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198625-35">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philip_Burton_years">Philip Burton years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6_Connaught_Street,_Port_Talbot_SA13_1ET.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/6_Connaught_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1ET.jpg/220px-6_Connaught_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1ET.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/6_Connaught_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1ET.jpg/330px-6_Connaught_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1ET.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/6_Connaught_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1ET.jpg/440px-6_Connaught_Street%2C_Port_Talbot_SA13_1ET.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>Port Talbot lodgings</figcaption></figure> Richard was bolstered by winning the Eisteddfod Prize and wanted to repeat his success. He chose to sing Sir <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a>'s "Orpheus with his Lute" (1866), which biographer Alpert thought "a difficult composition". He requested the help of his schoolmaster, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Burton_(theatre_director)" title="Philip Burton (theatre director)">Philip Burton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[b]</a> but his voice cracked during their practice sessions. This incident marked the beginning of his association with Philip.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198627-38">[36]</a> Philip later recalled, "His voice was tough to begin with but with constant practice it became memorably beautiful."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198837-39">[37]</a> Richard made his first foray into theatre with a minor role in his school's production of the Irish playwright <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Apple_Cart" title="The Apple Cart">The Apple Cart</a>. He decided to leave school by the end of 1941 and work as a miner as Elfed. He was not fit enough, owing to illness. He worked for the local wartime <a href="/wiki/Co-operatives_UK" title="Co-operatives UK">Co-operative</a> committee, handing out supplies in exchange for war-time ration coupons. He also simultaneously considered other professions for his future, including boxing, religion and singing. It was also during this period that Richard took up smoking and drinking despite being underage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198629–30-40">[38]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:35%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FAE7B5;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> One day in 1964 when Richard [Burton] was playing in Hamlet on Broadway, he and I were interviewed jointly in a private corner of an Eighth Avenue bar and restaurant much frequented by theatre people. We had a live audience of one, Richard's wife, Elizabeth Taylor. One of the questions aimed at me was, "How did you come to adopt him?" [...] Richard jumped in with "He didn't adopt me; I adopted him." There was much truth in that. He needed me, and, as I realised later, he set out to get me. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Philip Burton in his 1992 autobiography Richard & Philip: The Burtons : a Book of Memories.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198833Burton1992184-41">[39]</a></cite> </div> When he joined the Port Talbot Squadron 499 of the <a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Corps" title="Air Training Corps">Air Training Corps</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) as a cadet, he re-encountered Philip, who was the squadron commander. He also joined the Taibach Youth Centre, a youth drama group founded by Meredith Jones<a href="#cite_note-42">[c]</a> and led by Leo Lloyd, a steel worker and avid amateur thespian, who taught him the fundamentals of acting. Richard played the role of an <a href="/wiki/Jean_Valjean" title="Jean Valjean">escaped convict</a> in Lloyd's play, The Bishop's Candlesticks, an adaptation of a section of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Les_Mis%C3%A9rables" title="Les Misérables">Les Misérables</a>. The play did not have any dialogue, but Alpert noted that Richard "mimed his role".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198630–31Bragg198840Munn201426-43">[40]</a> Philip gave him a part in a radio documentary/adaptation of his play for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC Radio</a>, Youth at the Helm (1942).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198630-44">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Philip_Independent-45">[42]</a> Seeing the talent Richard possessed, both Jones and Philip re-admitted him to school on 5 October 1942.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerris198142Alpert198631–32-46">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[d]</a> Philip tutored his charge intensely in school subjects and also worked at developing the youth's acting voice, including outdoor voice drills which improved his projection.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198632Bragg198838-49">[45]</a> Richard called the experience "the most hardworking and painful period" in his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198632-50">[46]</a> Philip called Richard "my son to all intents and purposes. I was committed to him",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198634-47">[44]</a> while Burton later wrote of Philip, "I owe him everything".<a href="#cite_note-Philip_Independent-45">[42]</a> In the autumn of 1943, Philip planned to adopt Richard but was not able to do so as he was 20 days too young to be 21 years older than his ward, a legal requirement. As a result, Richard became Philip's legal <a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">ward</a> and changed his surname to "Richard Burton", after Philip's own surname, by means of <a href="/wiki/Deed_poll" title="Deed poll">deed poll</a>, which Richard's father accepted.<a href="#cite_note-Philip_Independent-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635Bragg198841-51">[47]</a> It was also in 1943 that Richard qualified for admission into a university after excelling in the School Certificate Examination. Philip requested Richard to study at <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a>, as a part of a six-month scholarship programme offered by the RAF for qualified cadets prior to active service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635Munn201441-52">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1943–1947:_Early_career_and_service_in_the_RAF">1943–1947: Early career and service in the RAF</h3></div> In 1943, Burton played Professor Henry Higgins in a school production of another Shaw play directed by Philip, <a href="/wiki/Pygmalion_(play)" title="Pygmalion (play)">Pygmalion</a>. The role won him favourable reviews and caught the attention of the dramatist, <a href="/wiki/Emlyn_Williams" title="Emlyn Williams">Emlyn Williams</a>, who offered Burton a small role of the lead character's elder brother, Glan, in his play <a href="/wiki/The_Druid%27s_Rest" title="The Druid's Rest">The Druid's Rest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635–37-53">[49]</a> The play debuted at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool">Royal Court Theatre</a>, Liverpool on 22 November 1943, and later premiered in <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Theatre" title="St Martin's Theatre">St Martin's Theatre</a>, London in January 1944. Burton thought the role was "a nothing part" and that he "hardly spoke at all". He was paid ten pounds a week for playing the role (equivalent to £556 in 2023), which was "three times what the miners got".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198638–39-54">[50]</a> Alpert states that the play garnered mixed critical reviews, but James Redfern of the <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a> took notice of Burton's performance and wrote: "In a wretched part, Richard Burton showed exceptional ability." Burton noted that single sentence from Redfern changed his life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198639Bragg198844-55">[51]</a> Whilst an undergraduate at Exeter College, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, Burton featured as "the complicated sex-driven puritan" <a href="/wiki/Angelo_(Measure_for_Measure)" title="Angelo (Measure for Measure)">Angelo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Dramatic_Society" title="Oxford University Dramatic Society">Oxford University Dramatic Society</a>'s 1944 production of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[e]</a> The play was directed by Burton's English literature professor, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Coghill" title="Nevill Coghill">Nevill Coghill</a>, and was performed at the college in the presence of additional contributors to West End theatre including <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terence_Rattigan" title="Terence Rattigan">Terence Rattigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Binkie_Beaumont" title="Binkie Beaumont">Binkie Beaumont</a>. On Burton's performance, fellow actor and friend, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hardy" title="Robert Hardy">Robert Hardy</a> recalled, "There were moments when he totally commanded the audience by this stillness. And the voice which would sing like a violin and with a bass that could shake the floor." Gielgud appreciated Burton's performance and Beaumont, who knew about Burton's work in The Druid's Rest, suggested that he "look him up" after completing his service in the RAF if he still wanted to pursue acting as a profession.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198640–41Bragg198850–51-58">[53]</a> In late 1944, Burton successfully completed his six-month scholarship at Exeter College, Oxford, and went to the RAF classification examinations held in <a href="/wiki/Torquay" title="Torquay">Torquay</a> to train as a pilot. He was disqualified for pilot training because his eyesight was below par, and was classified as a navigator trainee.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198641Bragg198851-59">[54]</a> He served the RAF as navigator for three years,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198644-60">[55]</a> during which he performed an assignment as <a href="/wiki/Aircraftman#History" title="Aircraftman">Aircraftman 1st Class</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>-based RAF Hospital<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198643-61">[56]</a> and was posted to the RAF base in <a href="/wiki/Carberry,_Manitoba" title="Carberry, Manitoba">Carberry, Manitoba</a>, Canada, to work as an instructor.<a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a> Burton's habits of drinking and smoking increased during this period; he was involved in a brief casual affair with actress <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Summerfield" title="Eleanor Summerfield">Eleanor Summerfield</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198641–43-63">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[f]</a> Burton was cast in an uncredited and unnamed role of a bombing officer by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Third_Programme" title="BBC Third Programme">BBC Third Programme</a> in a 1946 radio adaptation of <a href="/wiki/In_Parenthesis" title="In Parenthesis">In Parenthesis</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poem</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> by <a href="/wiki/David_Jones_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Jones (poet)">David Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Burton_BBC-64">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[g]</a> Burton was discharged from the RAF on 16 December 1947.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198644-60">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948–1951:_Rise_through_the_ranks_and_film_debut">1948–1951: Rise through the ranks and film debut</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Burton_-_6_Lyndhurst_Road_Hampstead_NW3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Richard_Burton_-_6_Lyndhurst_Road_Hampstead_NW3.jpg/190px-Richard_Burton_-_6_Lyndhurst_Road_Hampstead_NW3.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Richard_Burton_-_6_Lyndhurst_Road_Hampstead_NW3.jpg/285px-Richard_Burton_-_6_Lyndhurst_Road_Hampstead_NW3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Richard_Burton_-_6_Lyndhurst_Road_Hampstead_NW3.jpg/380px-Richard_Burton_-_6_Lyndhurst_Road_Hampstead_NW3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Burton's "rather nice two roomed flat in Hampstead"<a href="#cite_note-71">[64]</a> was his from 1949 to 1956 at 6 <a href="/wiki/Lyndhurst_Road" title="Lyndhurst Road">Lyndhurst Road</a>. An <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> is visible on the right just below the first floor.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Burton_1925-1984_Actor_lived_here.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Richard_Burton_1925-1984_Actor_lived_here.jpg/190px-Richard_Burton_1925-1984_Actor_lived_here.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Richard_Burton_1925-1984_Actor_lived_here.jpg/285px-Richard_Burton_1925-1984_Actor_lived_here.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Richard_Burton_1925-1984_Actor_lived_here.jpg/380px-Richard_Burton_1925-1984_Actor_lived_here.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> at the address.</div></div></div></div></div> In 1948, Burton moved to London to make contact with <a href="/wiki/H._M._Tennent" title="H. M. Tennent">H. M. Tennent</a> Ltd., where he again met Beaumont, who put him under a contract of £500 per year (£10 a week).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645Bragg198856Munn201451-72">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daphne_Rye" title="Daphne Rye">Daphne Rye</a>, the casting director for H. M. Tennent Ltd., offered Burton rooms on the top floor of her house in <a href="/wiki/Pelham_Crescent,_London" title="Pelham Crescent, London">Pelham Crescent</a>, London as a place for him to stay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645-73">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alpert1986-74">[67]</a> Rye cast Burton in a minor role as a young officer, Mr. Hicks, in Castle Anna (1948), a drama set in Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645Bragg1988Appendices:_Theatre-75">[68]</a> While touring with the cast and crew members of <a href="/wiki/Wynyard_Browne" title="Wynyard Browne">Wynyard Browne</a>'s Dark Summer, Burton was called by Emlyn Williams for a screen test for his film, <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Days_of_Dolwyn" title="The Last Days of Dolwyn">The Last Days of Dolwyn</a> (1949).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198863-76">[69]</a> Burton performed the screen test for the role of Gareth, which Williams wrote especially for him, and was subsequently selected when Williams sent him a telegram that quoted a line from The Corn Is Green — "You have won the scholarship." This led to Burton making his mainstream film debut.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198863-76">[69]</a> Filming took place during the summer and early autumn months of 1948. It was on the sets of this film that Burton was introduced by Williams to <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Christopher" title="Sybil Christopher">Sybil Williams</a>, whom he married on 5 February 1949 at a register office in Kensington.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198646–48-77">[70]</a> The Last Days of Dolwyn opened to generally positive critical reviews. Burton was praised for his "acting fire, manly bearing and good looks"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198649-78">[71]</a> and film critic <a href="/wiki/Philip_French" title="Philip French">Philip French</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> called it an "impressive movie debut".<a href="#cite_note-79">[72]</a> After marrying Sybil, Burton moved into a flat at 6 <a href="/wiki/Lyndhurst_Road" title="Lyndhurst Road">Lyndhurst Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a> <a href="/wiki/NW_postcode_area#List_of_postcode_districts" title="NW postcode area">NW3</a>, where he lived from 1949 to 1956.<a href="#cite_note-80">[73]</a> Pleased with the feedback Burton received for his performance in The Last Days of Dolwyn, the film's co-producer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korda" title="Alexander Korda">Alexander Korda</a> offered him a contract at a stipend of £100 a week (equivalent to £4,463 in 2023), which he signed. The contract enabled Korda to lend Burton to films produced by other companies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198653-81">[74]</a> Throughout the late 1940s and early 50s, Burton acted in small parts in various British films such as <a href="/wiki/Now_Barabbas" title="Now Barabbas">Now Barabbas</a> (1949) with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Greene" title="Richard Greene">Richard Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Harrison" title="Kathleen Harrison">Kathleen Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Woman_with_No_Name" title="The Woman with No Name">The Woman with No Name</a> (1950) opposite <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Calvert" title="Phyllis Calvert">Phyllis Calvert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waterfront_(1950_film)" title="Waterfront (1950 film)">Waterfront</a> (1950) with Harrison. Burton had a bigger part as Robert Hammond, a spy for a newspaper editor in <a href="/wiki/Green_Grow_the_Rushes_(film)" title="Green Grow the Rushes (film)">Green Grow the Rushes</a> (1951) alongside <a href="/wiki/Honor_Blackman" title="Honor Blackman">Honor Blackman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films-82">[75]</a> His performance in Now Barabbas received positive feedback from critics. <a href="/wiki/C._A._Lejeune" title="C. A. Lejeune">C. A. Lejeune</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> believed Burton had "all the qualities of a leading man that the British film industry badly needs at this juncture: youth, good looks, a photogenic face, obviously alert intelligence and a trick of getting the maximum effort with the minimum of fuss."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198870-83">[76]</a> For The Woman With No Name, a critic from <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> thought Burton "merely adequate" in his role of the Norwegian aviator, Nick Chamerd.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films-82">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[77]</a> Biographer Bragg states the reviews for Burton's performance in Waterfront were "not bad", and that Green Grow the Rushes was a <a href="/wiki/Box_office_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Box office bomb">box office bomb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198870-83">[76]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:35%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FAE7B5;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> He was marvellous at rehearsals. There was the true theatrical instinct. You only had to indicate—scarcely even that. He would get it and never changed it. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Gielgud on Burton's acting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198869-85">[78]</a></cite> </div> Rye recommended Richard to director <a href="/wiki/Peter_Glenville" title="Peter Glenville">Peter Glenville</a> for the part of <a href="/wiki/Hephaestion" title="Hephaestion">Hephaestion</a> in Rattigan's play about <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adventure_Story_(play)" title="Adventure Story (play)">Adventure Story</a>, in 1949. The play was directed by Glenville and starred the then up-and-coming actor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> as the titular character. Glenville, however, rejected him as he felt that Burton was too short compared to Scofield.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198649–50Bragg198866–67-86">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[h]</a> Rye came to the rescue again by sending Burton to audition for a role in <a href="/wiki/The_Lady%27s_Not_for_Burning" title="The Lady's Not for Burning">The Lady's Not for Burning</a>, a play by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Fry" title="Christopher Fry">Christopher Fry</a> and directed by Gielgud. The lead roles were played by Gielgud himself, and <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Brown_(actress)" title="Pamela Brown (actress)">Pamela Brown</a>, while Burton played a supporting role as Richard alongside the then-relatively unknown actress <a href="/wiki/Claire_Bloom" title="Claire Bloom">Claire Bloom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198867-88">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Playbill-89">[81]</a> Gielgud was initially uncertain about selecting Burton and asked him to come back the following day to repeat his audition. Burton got the part the second time he auditioned for the role. He was paid £15 a week for the part, which was five more than what Beaumont was paying him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650-90">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[i]</a> After getting the part, he pushed for a raise in his salary from £10 to £30 a week with Williams' assistance, in addition to the £100 Korda paid him; Beaumont accepted it after much persuasion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650Bragg198868–69-93">[84]</a> Bloom was impressed with Burton's natural way of acting, noting that "he just was" and went further by saying "He was recognisably a star, a fact he didn't question."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650–52Bragg198870-94">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Gielgud_-_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Gielgud_-_1953.jpg/220px-John_Gielgud_-_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Gielgud_-_1953.jpg/330px-John_Gielgud_-_1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/John_Gielgud_-_1953.jpg/440px-John_Gielgud_-_1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption>Gielgud (photographed 1953) gave Burton his career breakthrough, directing him in The Lady's Not For Burning, London and New York (1949)</figcaption></figure> The play opened at the <a href="/wiki/Gielgud_Theatre" title="Gielgud Theatre">Globe Theatre</a> in May 1949 and had a successful run in London for a year.<a href="#cite_note-95">[86]</a> Writer and journalist <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Ellis" title="Samantha Ellis">Samantha Ellis</a> of The Guardian, in her overview of the play, thought critics found Burton to be "most authentic" for his role.<a href="#cite_note-96">[87]</a> Gielgud took the play to <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> in the United States, where it opened at the <a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs_Theatre" title="Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre">Royale Theatre</a> on 8 November 1950. Theatre critic <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> appreciated the performances and praised the play's "hard glitter of wit and skepticism", while describing Fry as precocious with "a touch of genius".<a href="#cite_note-97">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[89]</a> The play ran on Broadway until 17 March 1951, and received the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Drama_Critics%27_Circle" title="New York Drama Critics' Circle">New York Drama Critics' Circle</a> award for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Drama_Critics%27_Circle#Best_Foreign_Play" title="New York Drama Critics' Circle">Best Foreign Play</a> of 1951.<a href="#cite_note-99">[90]</a> Burton received the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_World_Award" title="Theatre World Award">Theatre World Award</a> for his performance, his first major award.<a href="#cite_note-Playbill-89">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[91]</a> Burton went on to feature in two more plays by Fry – The Boy With A Cart and A Phoenix Too Frequent. The former opened at the <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Theatre_(Hammersmith)" title="Lyric Theatre (Hammersmith)">Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith</a> in February 1950, while the latter premiered at the Dolphin Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> the following month.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Theatre-101">[92]</a> Gielgud, who also directed The Boy With A Cart, said that Burton's role in the play "was one of the most beautiful performances" he had ever seen.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198652-102">[93]</a> During its month-long run, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quayle" title="Anthony Quayle">Anthony Quayle</a>, who was on the lookout for a young actor to star as <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hal" title="Prince Hal">Prince Hal</a> in his adaptations of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry IV, Part I">Henry IV, Part I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_2" title="Henry IV, Part 2">Henry IV, Part 2</a> as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="Royal Shakespeare Theatre">Shakespeare Memorial Theatre</a> season for the Festival of Britain, came to see the play and as soon as he beheld Burton, he found his man and got his agreement to play the parts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198653Bragg198871-103">[94]</a> Both plays opened in 1951 at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a> to mixed reviews, but Burton received acclaim for his role as Prince Hal, with many critics dubbing him "the next <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198654–56Bragg198872–74-104">[95]</a> Theatre critic <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a> said of his performance, "His playing of Prince Hal turned interested speculation to awe almost as soon as he started to speak; in the first intermission local critics stood agape in the lobbies."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198874-105">[96]</a> He was also praised by <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> after both saw the play. Bacall later said of him: "He was just marvellous [...] Bogie loved him. We all did."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198874-105">[96]</a> Burton celebrated his success by buying his first car, a <a href="/wiki/Standard_Flying_Fourteen" title="Standard Flying Fourteen">Standard Flying Fourteen</a>, and enjoyed a drink with Bogart at a pub called <a href="/wiki/The_Dirty_Duck,_Stratford-upon-Avon" title="The Dirty Duck, Stratford-upon-Avon">The Dirty Duck</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198873–74-106">[97]</a> Philip too was happy with the progress his ward made, and felt "proud, humble, and awed by god's mysterious ways".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198872–73-107">[98]</a> Burton went on to perform in <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a> as the titular character, and played <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_(The_Tempest)" title="Ferdinand (The Tempest)">Ferdinand</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a> as a part of the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre season as well. Neither role was overwhelmingly received by the critics, with a reviewer saying "he lacked inches" as Henry V. Olivier defended Burton by retaliating that he too received the same kind of review by the same critic for the same role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198876-108">[99]</a> His last play in 1951 was as a musician named Orphée in <a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Jean Anouilh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eurydice_(Anouilh_play)" title="Eurydice (Anouilh play)">Eurydice</a> opposite <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McGuire" title="Dorothy McGuire">Dorothy McGuire</a> and fellow Welsh actor <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Griffith" title="Hugh Griffith">Hugh Griffith</a>. The play, retitled as Legend of Lovers, opened in the <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Schoenfeld_Theatre" title="Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre">Plymouth Theatre</a>, New York City and ran for only a week, but critics were kind to Burton, with Bob Francis of <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> magazine finding him "excellent as the self-tortured young accordionist".<a href="#cite_note-109">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971120Alpert198655–56Bragg198879-110">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1952–1954:_Hollywood_and_The_Old_Vic">1952–1954: Hollywood and The Old Vic</h3></div> Burton began 1952 by starring alongside <a href="/wiki/Noel_Willman" title="Noel Willman">Noel Willman</a> in the title role of <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Robl%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Roblès">Emmanuel Roblès</a> adventure Montserrat, which opened on 8 April at the Lyric Hammersmith. The play only ran for six weeks but Burton once again won praise from critics. According to Bragg, some of the critics who watched the performance considered it to be Burton's "most convincing role" till then.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971122Alpert198656Bragg198879-111">[102]</a> Tynan lauded Burton's role of Captain Montserrat, noting that he played it "with a variousness which is amazing when you consider that it is really little more than a protracted exposition of smouldering dismay".<a href="#cite_note-112">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:My_Cousin_Rachel_trailer_screenshot_3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/My_Cousin_Rachel_trailer_screenshot_3.png/220px-My_Cousin_Rachel_trailer_screenshot_3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/My_Cousin_Rachel_trailer_screenshot_3.png/330px-My_Cousin_Rachel_trailer_screenshot_3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/My_Cousin_Rachel_trailer_screenshot_3.png/440px-My_Cousin_Rachel_trailer_screenshot_3.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>Burton with Olivia de Havilland in My Cousin Rachel (1952)</figcaption></figure> Burton successfully made the transition to Hollywood on the recommendation of film director <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[j]</a> when he was given the lead role in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">romance film</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_Rachel_(1952_film)" title="My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)">My Cousin Rachel</a> (1952) opposite <a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a>, negotiated a deal with Korda to loan Burton to the company for three films as well as pay Burton a total of $150,000 ($50,000 per film).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198657-116">[106]</a> De Havilland did not get along well with Burton during filming, calling him "a coarse-grained man with a coarse-grained charm and a talent not completely developed, and a coarse-grained behavior [sic] which makes him not like anyone else". One of Burton's friends opined it may have been because of Burton's making remarks to her that she did not find in good taste.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198659-117">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[k]</a> While shooting My Cousin Rachel, Burton was offered the role of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> in <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(1953_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Caesar (1953 film)">Julius Caesar</a> (1953) by the production company, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Goldwyn_Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro Goldwyn Mayer">Metro Goldwyn Mayer</a> (MGM), but Burton refused it to avoid schedule conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-HH1952-119">[108]</a> The role subsequently went to <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> for which he earned a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nomination for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HH1952-119">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oscars54-121">[110]</a> Based on the 1951 <a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_Rachel" title="My Cousin Rachel">novel of the same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/Daphne_du_Maurier" title="Daphne du Maurier">Daphne du Maurier</a>, My Cousin Rachel is about a man who suspects his rich cousin was murdered by his wife in order to inherit his wealth, but ends up falling in love with her, despite his suspicions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas1983223–224-122">[111]</a> Upon release, the film was a decent grosser at the box office,<a href="#cite_note-123">[112]</a> and Burton's performance received mostly excellent reviews.<a href="#cite_note-TCM_MCR_Notes-113">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bosley_Crowther" title="Bosley Crowther">Bosley Crowther</a>, writing for The New York Times, appreciated Burton's emotional performance, describing it as "most fetching"; he called him "the perfect hero of Miss du Maurier's tale".<a href="#cite_note-124">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Daily_News" title="Los Angeles Daily News">Los Angeles Daily News</a> reviewer stated "young Burton registers with an intense performance that stamps him as an actor of great potential". Conversely, a critic from the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Examiner" title="Los Angeles Examiner">Los Angeles Examiner</a> labelled Burton as "terribly, terribly tweedy".<a href="#cite_note-TCM_MCR_Notes-113">[104]</a> The film earned Burton the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_New_Star_of_the_Year_%E2%80%93_Actor" title="Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor">Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor</a> and his first Academy Award nomination in the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a> category.<a href="#cite_note-125">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Robe_1953_Trailer_Screenshot_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_Robe_1953_Trailer_Screenshot_1.png/220px-The_Robe_1953_Trailer_Screenshot_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_Robe_1953_Trailer_Screenshot_1.png/330px-The_Robe_1953_Trailer_Screenshot_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/The_Robe_1953_Trailer_Screenshot_1.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>As the Roman military tribune Marcellus Gallio in The Robe (1953)</figcaption></figure> The year 1953 marked an important turning point in Burton's career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198885-127">[116]</a> He arrived in Hollywood at a time when the <a href="/wiki/Studio_system" title="Studio system">studio system</a> was struggling. The rise of television was drawing viewers away and the studios looked to new stars and film technologies to tempt viewers back to cinemas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198886–87-128">[117]</a> He first appeared in the <a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">war film</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Desert_Rats_(film)" title="The Desert Rats (film)">The Desert Rats</a> with <a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a>, playing an English captain in the North African campaign during World War II who takes charge of a hopelessly out-numbered Australian unit against the indomitable German <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a>, who was portrayed by Mason. The film received generally good reviews from critics in London, although they complained the British contribution to the campaign had been minimised.<a href="#cite_note-129">[118]</a> The critic from <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a> magazine thought Burton was "excellent" while The New York Times reviewer noted his "electric portrayal of the hero" made the film look "more than a plain, cavalier apology".<a href="#cite_note-130">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[120]</a> Burton and Sybil became good friends with Mason and his wife <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Mason" title="Pamela Mason">Pamela Mason</a>, and stayed at their residence until Burton returned home to the UK in June 1953 in order to play <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hamlet" title="Prince Hamlet">Prince Hamlet</a> as a part of The Old Vic 1953–54 season.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198659,_67-132">[121]</a> This was to be the first time in his career he took up the role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Theatre-101">[92]</a> Burton's second and final film of the year was in the <a href="/wiki/Biblical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical">Biblical</a> <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> historical drama, <a href="/wiki/The_Robe_(film)" title="The Robe (film)">The Robe</a>, notable for being the first-ever motion picture to be made in <a href="/wiki/CinemaScope" title="CinemaScope">CinemaScope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198664-133">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[l]</a> He replaced <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Power" title="Tyrone Power">Tyrone Power</a>, who was originally cast in the role of Marcellus Gallio, a noble but decadent Roman <a href="/wiki/Military_tribune" title="Military tribune">military tribune</a> in command of the detachment of Roman soldiers that were involved in crucifying <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>. Haunted by nightmares of the crucifixion, he is eventually led to his own conversion. Marcellus' Greek slave Demetrius (played by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Mature" title="Victor Mature">Victor Mature</a>) guides him as a spiritual teacher, and his wife Diana (played by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a>) follows his lead. The film set a trend for Biblical epics such as <a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a> (1959).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198885-127">[116]</a> Based on <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_C._Douglas" title="Lloyd C. Douglas">Lloyd C. Douglas</a>' 1942 historical novel <a href="/wiki/The_Robe" title="The Robe">of the same name</a>, The Robe was well received at the time of its release, but contemporary reviews have been less favourable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198886-136">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[125]</a> Variety magazine termed the performances of the lead cast "effective" and complemented the fight sequences between Burton and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Morrow" title="Jeff Morrow">Jeff Morrow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[126]</a> Crowther believed that Burton was "stalwart, spirited and stern" as Marcellus.<a href="#cite_note-139">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rosenbaum" title="Jonathan Rosenbaum">Jonathan Rosenbaum</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Reader" title="Chicago Reader">Chicago Reader</a> called The Robe "pious claptrap".<a href="#cite_note-140">[128]</a> The film was a commercial success, grossing $17 million against a $5 million budget, and Burton received his second Best Actor nomination at the <a href="/wiki/26th_Academy_Awards" title="26th Academy Awards">26th Academy Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oscars54-121">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECashmore2016144-141">[129]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:35%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FAE7B5;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> [Elizabeth Taylor] was so extraordinarily beautiful that I nearly laughed out loud [...] She was undeniably gorgeous [...] She was lavish. She was a dark unyielding largesse. She was, in short, too bloody much, and not only that, she was totally ignoring me. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style=""> — Burton's first impression of Elizabeth Taylor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198890-142">[130]</a></cite> </div> Bolstered by The Robe's box office collections, Zanuck offered Burton a seven-year, seven-picture $1 million contract (equivalent to $11,473,684 in 2023), but he politely turned it down as he was planning to head home to portray Hamlet at The Old Vic. Zanuck threatened to force Burton into cutting the deal, but the duo managed to come to a compromise when Burton agreed to a less binding contract, also for seven years and seven films at $1 million, that would begin only after he returned from his stint at The Old Vic's 1953–54 season.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198665–66Bragg198887–88-143">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[m]</a> The incident spread like wildfire and his decision to walk out on a million-dollar contract for a stipend of £150 a week at The Old Vic was met with both appreciation and surprise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerris1981117Alpert198666Bragg198888-146">[133]</a> Bragg believed Burton defied the studio system with this act when it would have been tantamount to unemployment for him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198889-147">[134]</a> Gossip columnist <a href="/wiki/Hedda_Hopper" title="Hedda Hopper">Hedda Hopper</a> considered Burton's success in his first three films in Hollywood to be "the most exciting success story since <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a>'s contracts of ten years back".<a href="#cite_note-HH1952-119">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198889-147">[134]</a> At a party held at Simmons' residence in <a href="/wiki/Bel_Air,_Los_Angeles" title="Bel Air, Los Angeles">Bel Air, Los Angeles</a> to celebrate the success of The Robe, Burton met <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> for the first time. Taylor, who at the time was married to actor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilding_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Wilding (actor)">Michael Wilding</a> and was pregnant with their first child, recalled her first impression of Burton being "rather full of himself. I seem to remember that he never stopped talking, and I had given him the cold fish eye."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198660Walker1990139,_148,_152-148">[135]</a> Hamlet was a challenge that both terrified and attracted him, as it was a role many of his peers in the British theatre had undertaken, including Gielgud and Olivier.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198893-149">[136]</a> He shared his anxiety with de Havilland whilst coming to terms with her. Bogart too, didn't make it easy for him when he retorted: "I never knew a man who played Hamlet who didn't die broke."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198665–66-150">[137]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Vic0185.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Old_Vic0185.JPG/220px-Old_Vic0185.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Old_Vic0185.JPG/330px-Old_Vic0185.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Old_Vic0185.JPG/440px-Old_Vic0185.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3202" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption>The Old Vic (photographed in 2012) in London, where Burton rose to fame as a Shakespearean actor</figcaption></figure> Notwithstanding, Burton began his thirty-nine-week stint at The Old Vic by rehearsing for Hamlet in July 1953, with Philip providing expert coaching on how to make Hamlet's character match Burton's dynamic acting style.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198669Bragg198892-151">[138]</a> Burton reunited with Bloom, who played <a href="/wiki/Ophelia" title="Ophelia">Ophelia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198894-152">[139]</a> Hamlet opened at the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_Hall_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland">Assembly Hall</a> in Edinburgh, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> in September 1953 as part of The Old Vic season during the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Festival Fringe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198669Bragg1988Appendices:_Theatre-153">[140]</a> The play and Burton's Hamlet were, on the whole, well received, with critics describing his interpretation of the character as "moody, virile and baleful" and that he had "dash, attack and verve".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198895-154">[141]</a> Burton's Hamlet was quite popular with the young audience, who came to watch the play in numbers as they were quite taken with the aggressiveness with which he portrayed the role. Burton also received appreciation from <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198669-155">[142]</a> Gielgud was not too happy with Burton's Hamlet and asked him while both were backstage: "Shall I go ahead and wait until you're better?... ah, I mean ready?" Burton picked up the hint and infused some of Gielgud's traits to his own in later performances as Hamlet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198670-156">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[n]</a> A greater success followed in the form of the Roman General <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Marcius_Coriolanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Marcius Coriolanus">Gaius Marcius Coriolanus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus">Coriolanus</a>. At first, Burton refused to play Coriolanus as he didn't like the character's initial disdain for the poor and the downtrodden. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Benthall" title="Michael Benthall">Michael Benthall</a>, who was renowned for his association with <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Guthrie" title="Tyrone Guthrie">Tyrone Guthrie</a> in a 1944 production of Hamlet, sought Philip's help to entice Burton into accepting it. Philip convinced Burton by making him realise that it was Coriolanus' "lack of ambivalence" which made him an admirable character.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBabula198158Bragg198896–97Tynan2012109-159">[145]</a> Burton received even better reviews for Coriolanus than Hamlet. Hardy thought Burton's Hamlet was "too strong" but that "His Coriolanus is quite easily the best I've ever seen." Olivier too agreed it was the greatest Coriolanus he had ever seen till then.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198896–97-160">[146]</a> Burton's other roles for the season were <a href="/wiki/Sir_Toby_Belch" title="Sir Toby Belch">Sir Toby Belch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caliban" title="Caliban">Caliban</a> in The Tempest and <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Cognac" title="Philip of Cognac">Philip of Cognac</a> in <a href="/wiki/King_John_(play)" title="King John (play)">King John</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198897-161">[147]</a> All five of Burton's plays were directed by Benthall; three of those plays featured Bloom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Theatre-101">[92]</a> While Belch was considered "disappointing", owing to Burton's not putting on the proper make-up for the part, his reviews for Caliban and Philip of Cognac were positive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198897–98-162">[148]</a> Alpert believed Burton's presence made the 1953–54 season of The Old Vic a commercial success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198669-155">[142]</a> Burton was an ardent admirer of poet <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a> since his boyhood days. On the poet's death on 9 November 1953, he wrote an essay about him and took the time to do a 1954 BBC Radio play on one of his final works, <a href="/wiki/Under_Milk_Wood" title="Under Milk Wood">Under Milk Wood</a>, where he voiced the First Voice in an all-Welsh cast.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198898–99-163">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_UMW_1954-164">[150]</a> The entire cast of the radio play, including Burton, did their roles free of charge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198898–99-163">[149]</a> Burton reprised his role in the play's <a href="/wiki/Under_Milk_Wood_(1972_film)" title="Under Milk Wood (1972 film)">1972 film adaptation</a> with Taylor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films-82">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_UMW_1954-164">[150]</a> Burton was also involved in narrating <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Anderson" title="Lindsay Anderson">Lindsay Anderson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short</a> documentary film about The Royal School for the Deaf in <a href="/wiki/Margate" title="Margate">Margate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thursday%27s_Children" title="Thursday's Children">Thursday's Children</a> (1954).<a href="#cite_note-165">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1955–1959:_Setback_in_films_and_on-stage_fame">1955–1959: Setback in films and on-stage fame</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Burton_Maggie_McNamara_Prince_of_Players.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Richard_Burton_Maggie_McNamara_Prince_of_Players.jpg/220px-Richard_Burton_Maggie_McNamara_Prince_of_Players.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Richard_Burton_Maggie_McNamara_Prince_of_Players.jpg/330px-Richard_Burton_Maggie_McNamara_Prince_of_Players.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Richard_Burton_Maggie_McNamara_Prince_of_Players.jpg/440px-Richard_Burton_Maggie_McNamara_Prince_of_Players.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption>With Maggie McNamara in Prince of Players (1955)</figcaption></figure> After The Old Vic season ended, Burton's contract with Fox required him to do three more films. The first was <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Players" title="Prince of Players">Prince of Players</a> (1955), where he was cast as the 19th-century Shakespearean actor <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Booth" title="Edwin Booth">Edwin Booth</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes_Booth" title="John Wilkes Booth">John Wilkes Booth</a>'s brother. <a href="/wiki/Maggie_McNamara" title="Maggie McNamara">Maggie McNamara</a> played Edwin's wife, Mary Devlin Booth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988100-166">[152]</a> Philip thought the script was "a disgrace" to Burton's name.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988101-167">[153]</a> The film's director <a href="/wiki/Philip_Dunne_(writer)" title="Philip Dunne (writer)">Philip Dunne</a> observed, "He hadn't mastered yet the tricks of the great movie stars, such as <a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a>, who knew them all. The personal magnetism Richard had on the sound stage didn't come through the camera."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198671-168">[154]</a> This was one aspect that troubled Richard throughout his career on celluloid. The film flopped at the box office and has since been described as "the first flop in CinemaScope".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198671Bragg1988101-169">[155]</a> Crowther, however, lauded Burton's scenes where he performed Shakespeare plays such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[156]</a> Shortly after the release of Prince of Players, Burton met director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a>, who was well known at the time for his Academy Award-winning film, <a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_(1949_film)" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men</a> (1949). Rossen planned to cast Burton in <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great_(1956_film)" title="Alexander the Great (1956 film)">Alexander the Great</a> (1956) as the eponymous character. Burton accepted Rossen's offer after the director reassured him he had been studying the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Macedonian</a> king for two years to make sure the film was historically accurate. Burton was loaned by Fox to the film's production company <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a>, which paid him a fee of $100,000 (equivalent to $1,120,685 in 2023). Alexander the Great was made mostly in Spain during February 1955 and July 1955 on a budget of $6 million. The film reunited Burton with Bloom and it was also the first film he made with her. Bloom played the role of <a href="/wiki/Barsine" title="Barsine">Barsine</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Artabazos_II_of_Phrygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artabazos II of Phrygia">Artabazos II of Phrygia</a>, and one of Alexander's three wives. <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Darrieux" title="Danielle Darrieux">Danielle Darrieux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baker" title="Stanley Baker">Stanley Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hordern" title="Michael Hordern">Michael Hordern</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Squire" title="William Squire">William Squire</a> were respectively cast as <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias">Olympias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attalus_(general)" title="Attalus (general)">Attalus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeschines" title="Aeschines">Aeschines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198672–73Bragg1988101–102-171">[157]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_of_Claire_Bloom_Richard_Burton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Photo_of_Claire_Bloom_Richard_Burton.jpg/220px-Photo_of_Claire_Bloom_Richard_Burton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Photo_of_Claire_Bloom_Richard_Burton.jpg/330px-Photo_of_Claire_Bloom_Richard_Burton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Photo_of_Claire_Bloom_Richard_Burton.jpg/440px-Photo_of_Claire_Bloom_Richard_Burton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>With Claire Bloom in Alexander the Great (1956)</figcaption></figure> After the completion of Alexander the Great, Burton had high hopes for a favourable reception of the "intelligent epic", and went back to complete his next assignment for Fox, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Negulesco" title="Jean Negulesco">Jean Negulesco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Rains_of_Ranchipur" title="The Rains of Ranchipur">The Rains of Ranchipur</a> (1955). In this remake of Fox's own 1939 film <a href="/wiki/The_Rains_Came" title="The Rains Came">The Rains Came</a>, Burton played a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> doctor, Rama Safti, who falls in love with Lady Edwina Esketh (<a href="/wiki/Lana_Turner" title="Lana Turner">Lana Turner</a>), an invitee of the Maharani of the fictional town of Ranchipur.<a href="#cite_note-sterritt1955-172">[158]</a> Burton faced the same troubles with playing character roles as before with Belch.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988103-173">[159]</a> The Rains of Ranchipur released on 16 December 1955, three months before Alexander the Great rolled out on 28 March 1956.<a href="#cite_note-174">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[161]</a> Contrary to Burton's expectations, both the films were critical and commercial failures, and he rued his decision to act in them.<a href="#cite_note-sterritt1955-172">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198673–75Bragg1988102–104-176">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine critic derided The Rains of Ranchipur and even went as far as to say Richard was hardly noticeable in the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198675-177">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/A._H._Weiler" title="A. H. Weiler">A. H. Weiler</a> of The New York Times, however, called Burton's rendering of Alexander "serious and impassioned".<a href="#cite_note-178">[164]</a> Burton returned to The Old Vic to perform Henry V for a second time. The Benthall-directed production opened in December 1955 to glowing reviews and was a much-needed triumph for Burton.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104–105-179">[165]</a> Tynan made it official by famously saying Burton was now "the next successor to Olivier".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198674Bragg1988105-180">[166]</a> The reviewer from <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> began by pointing out the deficiencies in Burton's previous rendition of the character in 1951 before stating "Mr. Burton's progress as an actor is such that already he is able to make good all the lacks of a few short years ago ... what was greatly metallic has been transformed into a steely strength which becomes the martial ring and hard brilliance of the patriotic verse. There now appears a romantic sense of a high kingly mission and the clear cognisance of the capacity to fulfil it ... the whole performance — a mostly satisfying one — is firmly under the control of the imagination".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988105-181">[167]</a> In January 1956, the <a href="/wiki/London_Evening_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="London Evening Standard">London Evening Standard</a> honoured Burton by presenting to him its <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Theatre_Awards#Best_Actor" title="Evening Standard Theatre Awards">Theatre Award for Best Actor</a> for his portrayal of Henry V.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198675Bragg1988104-182">[168]</a> His success in and as Henry V led him to be called the "Welsh Wizard".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104-183">[169]</a> Henry V was followed by Benthall's adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a> in February 1956, where he alternated on successive openings between the roles of <a href="/wiki/Othello_(character)" title="Othello (character)">Othello</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iago" title="Iago">Iago</a> with <a href="/wiki/John_Neville_(actor)" title="John Neville (actor)">John Neville</a>. As Othello, Burton received both praise for his dynamism and criticism with being less poetical with his dialogues, while he was acclaimed as Iago.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104,_106-184">[170]</a> Burton's stay at The Old Vic was cut short when he was approached by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a> director <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a> for Fox's <a href="/wiki/Sea_Wife" title="Sea Wife">Sea Wife</a> (1957), a drama set in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> about a nun and three men marooned on an island after the ship they travel on is torpedoed by a <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Joan_Collins" title="Joan Collins">Joan Collins</a>, who played the nun, was his co-star. Burton's role was that of an RAF officer who develops romantic feelings for the nun.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198675-177">[163]</a> Rossellini was informed by Zanuck not to have any kissing scenes between Burton and Collins, which Rossellini found unnatural; this led to him walking out of the film and being replaced by Bob McNaught, one of the executive producers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198676-185">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[172]</a> According to Collins, Burton had a "take-the-money-and-run attitude" toward the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198675–77-187">[173]</a> Sea Wife was not a successful venture, with biographer Munn observing that his salary was the only positive feature that came from the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonaco199189Munn2014110-188">[174]</a> Philip saw it and said he was "ashamed" that it added another insult to injury in Burton's career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988111-189">[175]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Burton_Yvonne_Furneaux_Wuthering_Heights_1958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Richard_Burton_Yvonne_Furneaux_Wuthering_Heights_1958.jpg/220px-Richard_Burton_Yvonne_Furneaux_Wuthering_Heights_1958.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Richard_Burton_Yvonne_Furneaux_Wuthering_Heights_1958.jpg/330px-Richard_Burton_Yvonne_Furneaux_Wuthering_Heights_1958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Richard_Burton_Yvonne_Furneaux_Wuthering_Heights_1958.jpg/440px-Richard_Burton_Yvonne_Furneaux_Wuthering_Heights_1958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption>With Yvonne Furneaux in Wuthering Heights (1958)</figcaption></figure> After Sea Wife, Burton next appeared as the British Army Captain Jim Leith in <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Nicholas Ray</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bitter_Victory" title="Bitter Victory">Bitter Victory</a> (1957).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2014113-190">[176]</a> Burton admired Ray's <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Without_A_Cause" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebel Without A Cause">Rebel Without A Cause</a> (1955) and was excited about working with him,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198678-191">[177]</a> but unfortunately despite positive feedback, Bitter Victory tanked as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988119Munn2014113-192">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[179]</a> By mid-1957, Burton had no further offers in his kitty. He could not return to the UK because of his self-imposed exile from taxation, and his fortunes in film were dwindling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198678-191">[177]</a> It was then that film producer and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Milton_Sperling" title="Milton Sperling">Milton Sperling</a> offered Burton to star alongside <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_Strasberg" title="Susan Strasberg">Susan Strasberg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Moyes" title="Patricia Moyes">Patricia Moyes</a>' adaptation of Jean Anouilh's play, Time Remembered (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ocadia" title="Léocadia">Léocadia</a> in the original French version).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198678Hischak2009469-194">[180]</a> Sensing an opportunity for a career resurgence, Burton readily agreed to do the role of Prince Albert, who falls in love with a <a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">milliner</a> named Amanda (Strasberg).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198678-191">[177]</a> It was on 10 September 1957, a day before he left for New York, that Sybil gave birth to their first child, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Burton_(actress)" title="Kate Burton (actress)">Kate Burton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2014113-190">[176]</a> Time Remembered was well received on its opening nights at Broadway's <a href="/wiki/Morosco_Theatre" title="Morosco Theatre">Morosco Theatre</a> and also at the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)">National Theatre</a> in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerris1981130-195">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[182]</a> The play went on to have a good run of 248 performances for six months. Burton received his first <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play">Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play</a> nomination while Hayes won her second <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play">Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play</a> for her role as Burton's mother, The Duchess of Pont-Au-Bronc.<a href="#cite_note-197">[183]</a> In 1958, Burton appeared with <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Furneaux" title="Yvonne Furneaux">Yvonne Furneaux</a> in <a href="/wiki/DuPont_Show_of_the_Month" title="DuPont Show of the Month">DuPont Show of the Month</a>'s 90-minute television adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">Emily Brontë</a>'s classic novel <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights" title="Wuthering Heights">Wuthering Heights</a> as <a href="/wiki/Heathcliff_(Wuthering_Heights)" title="Heathcliff (Wuthering Heights)">Heathcliff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Television-198">[184]</a> The film, directed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Petrie" title="Daniel Petrie">Daniel Petrie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198683-199">[185]</a> aired on 9 May 1958 on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> with Burton garnering plaudits from both the critics and Philip, who thought he was "magnificent" in it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988123-200">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[187]</a> Burton next featured as Jimmy Porter, "an angry young man" role, in the film version of <a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">John Osborne</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger_(1959_film)" title="Look Back in Anger (1959 film)">Look Back in Anger</a> (1959), a gritty drama about middle-class life in the British Midlands, directed by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a>, again with Claire Bloom as co-star. Biographer Bragg observed that Look Back in Anger "had defined a generation, provided a watershed in Britain's view of itself and brought [Osborne] into the public prints as a controversial, dangerous figure".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988124-202">[188]</a> Burton was able to identify himself with Porter, finding it "fascinating to find a man who came presumably from my sort of class, who actually could talk the way I would like to talk".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerris1981134-203">[189]</a> The film, and Burton's performance, received mixed reviews upon release.<a href="#cite_note-204">[190]</a> Biographer Alpert noted that though reviews in the UK were favourable, those in the United States were more negative.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198686-205">[191]</a> Crowther wrote of Burton: "His tirades are eloquent but tiring, his breast beatings are dramatic but dull and his occasional lapses into sadness are pathetic but endurable."<a href="#cite_note-206">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Andrew" title="Geoff Andrew">Geoff Andrew</a> of <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a> magazine felt Burton was too old for the part,<a href="#cite_note-207">[193]</a> and the Variety reviewer thought "the role gives him little opportunity for variety".<a href="#cite_note-208">[194]</a> Contemporary reviews of the film have been better and it has a rating of 89% on the review aggregator website <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[195]</a> Look Back in Anger is now considered one of the defining films of the <a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> cinema, a movement from the late 1950s to the late 1960s in which working-class characters became the focus of the film and conflict of social classes a central theme.<a href="#cite_note-210">[196]</a> Jimmy Porter is also considered one of Burton's best on-screen roles;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonaco199189-211">[197]</a> he was nominated in the Best Actor categories at the <a href="/wiki/13th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="13th British Academy Film Awards">BAFTA</a> and <a href="/wiki/17th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="17th Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe</a> Awards but lost to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> for <a href="/wiki/I%27m_All_Right_Jack" title="I'm All Right Jack">I'm All Right Jack</a> (1959) and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Franciosa" title="Anthony Franciosa">Anthony Franciosa</a> for <a href="/wiki/Career_(1959_film)" title="Career (1959 film)">Career</a> (1959) respectively.<a href="#cite_note-212">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[199]</a> Though it didn't do well commercially, Burton was proud of the effort and wrote to Philip, "I promise you that there isn't a shred of self-pity in my performance. I am for the first time ever looking forward to seeing a film in which I play."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988125-214">[200]</a> While filming Look Back in Anger, Burton did another play for BBC Radio, participating in two versions, one in Welsh and another in English, of Welsh poet <a href="/wiki/Saunders_Lewis" title="Saunders Lewis">Saunders Lewis</a>' Brad, which was about the <a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">20 July plot</a>. Burton voiced one of the conspirators, <a href="/wiki/Caesar_von_Hofacker" title="Caesar von Hofacker">Caesar von Hofacker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960–1969:_Broadway,_Hamlet_and_films_with_Elizabeth_Taylor">1960–1969: Broadway, Hamlet and films with Elizabeth Taylor</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Burton_and_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Richard_Burton_and_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG/220px-Richard_Burton_and_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Richard_Burton_and_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG/330px-Richard_Burton_and_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Richard_Burton_and_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG/440px-Richard_Burton_and_Julie_Andrews_Camelot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Burton and Julie Andrews in the original Broadway production of Camelot</figcaption></figure> In 1960, Burton appeared in two films for <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>, neither of which were successful: <a href="/wiki/The_Bramble_Bush" title="The Bramble Bush">The Bramble Bush</a> which reunited him with his Wuthering Heights director Petrie, and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sherman" title="Vincent Sherman">Vincent Sherman</a>'s adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Edna_Ferber" title="Edna Ferber">Edna Ferber</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ice_Palace_(film)" title="Ice Palace (film)">Ice Palace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988128–129-216">[202]</a> Burton called the latter a "piece of shit".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198686-205">[191]</a> He received a fee of $125,000 for both films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988128–129-216">[202]</a> Burton's next appearance was as the stammering <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularist</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Holyoake" title="George Holyoake">George Holyoake</a> in BBC's documentary-style television adaptation of John Osborne's A Subject of Scandal and Concern.<a href="#cite_note-Television-217">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[204]</a> According to Osborne's biographer Luc Gilleman, the film garnered little attention.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilleman201485-219">[205]</a> Burton returned to the United States for the filming of <a href="/wiki/John_Frankenheimer" title="John Frankenheimer">John Frankenheimer</a>'s television adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Column_and_the_First_Forty-Nine_Stories" title="The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories">The Fifth Column</a>. He also provided narration for 26 episodes of <a href="/wiki/The_Valiant_Years" title="The Valiant Years">The Valiant Years</a>, an <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">American Broadcasting Company</a> (ABC) series based on Winston Churchill's memoirs.<a href="#cite_note-Life-220">[206]</a> Burton made a triumphant return to the stage with <a href="/wiki/Moss_Hart" title="Moss Hart">Moss Hart</a>'s 1960 Broadway production of <a href="/wiki/Camelot_(musical)" title="Camelot (musical)">Camelot</a> as <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988136Monaco199189-221">[207]</a> The play, written by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a>, had <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> fresh from her triumph in <a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady" title="My Fair Lady">My Fair Lady</a> playing <a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Goulet" title="Robert Goulet">Robert Goulet</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a> completing the love triangle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198690-222">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roddy_McDowall" title="Roddy McDowall">Roddy McDowall</a> played the villainous <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198690–91-223">[209]</a> Hart first came up with the proposal to Burton after learning from Lerner about his ability to sing. Burton consulted Olivier on whether he should take the role, which came with a stipend of $4,000 a week. Olivier pointed out this salary was good and that he should accept the offer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198686-205">[191]</a> The production was troubled, with both Loewe and Hart falling ill and the pressure was building, owing to great expectations and huge advance sales. The show's running time was nearly five hours. Burton's intense preparation and competitive desire to succeed served him well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198690–93-224">[210]</a> He immediately drafted Philip, who revised the musical's script and cut its running time to three hours while also incorporating three new songs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986133Munn2014123-225">[211]</a> Burton was generous and supportive to everyone throughout the production and coached the understudies himself. According to Lerner, "he kept the boat from rocking, and Camelot might never have reached New York if it hadn't been for him".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198690–93-224">[210]</a> Burton's reviews were excellent, with the critic from Time magazine observing that Richard "gives Arthur the skillful and vastly appealing performance that might be expected from one of England's finest young actors".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198694-226">[212]</a> Broadway theatre reviewer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kerr" title="Walter Kerr">Walter Kerr</a> noted Richard's syllables, "sing, the account of his wrestling the stone from the sword becomes a bravura passage of house-hushing brilliance" and complemented his duets with Andrews, finding Burton's rendition to possess "a sly and fretful and mocking accent to take care of the humor [sic] without destroying the man".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198694-226">[212]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Longest_Day_Richard_Burton_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/The_Longest_Day_Richard_Burton_1962.jpg/220px-The_Longest_Day_Richard_Burton_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/The_Longest_Day_Richard_Burton_1962.jpg/330px-The_Longest_Day_Richard_Burton_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/The_Longest_Day_Richard_Burton_1962.jpg/440px-The_Longest_Day_Richard_Burton_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>In The Longest Day (1962)</figcaption></figure> However, on the whole, the play initially received mixed reviews on its opening at the <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Majestic Theatre (Broadway)">Majestic Theatre</a> on Broadway and was slow to earn money.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198694-226">[212]</a> Advance sales managed to keep Camelot running for three months until a twenty-minute extract was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[o]</a> which helped Camelot achieve great success, and an unprecedented three-year run overall from 1960 to 1963.<a href="#cite_note-Camelot-228">[213]</a> Its success led to Burton being called "The King of Broadway", and he went on to receive the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical">Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Camelot-228">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198694Bragg1988134-229">[214]</a> The original soundtrack of the musical topped the Billboard charts throughout 1961 after its release at the end of 1960.<a href="#cite_note-230">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, who was then the President of the United States, reportedly enjoyed the play and invited Burton to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> for a visit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986135-231">[216]</a> In 1962, Burton appeared as <a href="/wiki/Flying_officer" title="Flying officer">Flying Officer</a> David Campbell, an RAF fighter pilot in <a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Day_(film)" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a>, which included a large ensemble cast featuring: McDowall, <a href="/wiki/George_Segal" title="George Segal">George Segal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mel_Ferrer" title="Mel Ferrer">Mel Ferrer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie2016147-233">[218]</a> The same year he provided narration for the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Howells" title="Jack Howells">Jack Howells</a> documentary <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas_(film)" title="Dylan Thomas (film)">Dylan Thomas</a>. The short won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_(Short_Subject)" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject)">Best Documentary Short Subject</a> at the <a href="/wiki/35th_Academy_Awards" title="35th Academy Awards">35th Academy Awards</a> ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurtonChibnall2013423-234">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[220]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taylor_and_Burton_Cleopatra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Taylor_and_Burton_Cleopatra.jpg/220px-Taylor_and_Burton_Cleopatra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Taylor_and_Burton_Cleopatra.jpg/330px-Taylor_and_Burton_Cleopatra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Taylor_and_Burton_Cleopatra.jpg/440px-Taylor_and_Burton_Cleopatra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption>As Mark Antony in Cleopatra (1963), with Elizabeth Taylor as the titular character</figcaption></figure> After performing Camelot for six months, in July 1961, Burton met producer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> who asked him to replace <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Boyd" title="Stephen Boyd">Stephen Boyd</a> as Mark Antony in director <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Masterpiece" title="Masterpiece">magnum opus</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198697-236">[221]</a> Burton was paid $250,000 for four months work in the film (equivalent to $2,488,043 in 2023). The gigantic scale of the film's troubled production, Taylor's bouts of illness and fluctuating weight, Burton's off-screen relationship with the actress, (which he gave the sardonic nickname "Le Scandale") all generated enormous publicity;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988138,_140Walker1990243–253KashnerSchoenberger201011–12,_39,_45–46,_56-237">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[p]</a> <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> magazine proclaimed it the "Most Talked About Movie Ever Made".<a href="#cite_note-244">[228]</a> Fox's future appeared to hinge on what became the most expensive movie ever made until then, with costs reaching almost $40 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198697-236">[221]</a> During filming, Burton met and fell in love with Elizabeth Taylor, who was then married to <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Fisher" title="Eddie Fisher">Eddie Fisher</a>. According to Alpert, at their first meeting on the set while posing for their publicity photographs, Burton said, "Has anyone ever told you that you're a very pretty girl?" Taylor later recalled, "I said to myself, Oy gevalt, here's the great lover, the great wit, the great intellectual of Wales, and he comes out with a line like that."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986102–103-245">[229]</a> Bragg contradicts Alpert by pointing out that Burton could not stand Taylor at first, calling her "Miss Tits" and opined to Mankiewicz, "I expect she shaves"; he saw her simply as another celebrity with no acting talent. All that changed when, in their first scene together, Burton was shaky and forgot his lines, and she soothed and helped him; it was at this instance, according to Taylor, that she fell for him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988145–146-246">[230]</a> Soon the affair began in earnest; both Fisher and Sybil were unable to bear it. While Fisher fled the sets for <a href="/wiki/Gstaad" title="Gstaad">Gstaad</a>, Sybil went first to Céligny and then headed off to London.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986103–104,_107,_109-247">[231]</a> Olivier, shocked by Burton's affair with Taylor, <a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">cabled</a> him: "Make up your mind, dear heart. Do you want to be a great actor or a household word?". Burton replied "Both".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadnerLuckett1999245-248">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[233]</a> Cleopatra was finally released on 11 June 1963 with a run time of 243 minutes, to polarising reviews.<a href="#cite_note-TCM_Cleopatra-241">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1990265-250">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[q]</a> The Time magazine critic found the film "riddled with flaws, [lacking] style both in image and in action", and wrote Burton "staggers around looking ghastly and spouting irrelevance".<a href="#cite_note-TCM_Cleopatra-241">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986125-253">[236]</a> In a contradictory review, Crowther termed the film "generally brilliant, moving, and satisfying" and thought Burton was "exciting as the arrogant Antony".<a href="#cite_note-254">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brody" title="Richard Brody">Richard Brody</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> commented positively on the chemistry between Burton and Taylor, describing it as "entrancing in the movie's drama as it was in life".<a href="#cite_note-255">[238]</a> Cleopatra grossed over $26 million (equivalent to $258,756,522 in 2023), becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 1963.<a href="#cite_note-TCM_Cleopatra-241">[226]</a> It was not enough to prevent Fox from entering bankruptcy. The studio sued Burton and Taylor for allegedly damaging the film's prospects at the box office with their behaviour, but it proved unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashnerSchoenberger201046-256">[239]</a> Cleopatra was nominated for nine Academy Awards, winning for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Production Design">Best Production Design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Costume Design">Best Costume Design</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Best Visual Effects</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[240]</a> The film marked the beginning of a series of collaborations with Taylor, in addition to making Burton one of the Top 10 box office draws until 1967.<a href="#cite_note-258">[241]</a> Burton played her tycoon husband Paul Andros in <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Asquith" title="Anthony Asquith">Anthony Asquith</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_V.I.P.s_(film)" title="The V.I.P.s (film)">The V.I.P.s</a> (1963), an <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">ensemble cast</a> film described by Alpert as a "kind of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(1932_film)" title="Grand Hotel (1932 film)">Grand Hotel</a> story" that was set in the VIP lounge of <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow Airport</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986119-259">[242]</a> it proved to be a box-office hit despite mixed reviews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986119–120Bragg1988169Ryall201327-260">[243]</a> It was after The V.I.P.s that Burton became considerably more selective about his roles; he credited Taylor for this as he simply acted in films "to get rich" and she "made me see what kind of rubbish I was doing".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986120-261">[244]</a> Burton divorced Sybil in April 1963 after completing The V.I.P.s while Taylor was granted divorce from Fisher on 6 March 1964.<a href="#cite_note-NYTDowd-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Daytona-262">[245]</a> Taylor then took a two-year hiatus from films until her next venture with Burton, <a href="/wiki/The_Sandpiper" title="The Sandpiper">The Sandpiper</a> (1965).<a href="#cite_note-NYTDowd-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashnerSchoenberger2010112-263">[246]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Supercouple" title="Supercouple">supercouple</a>, dubbed "Liz and Dick" by the press, continued starring together in films in the mid-1960s, earning a combined $88 million over the next decade and spending $65 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashnerSchoenberger2010193Holder2014124-264">[247]</a> Regarding their earnings, in a 1976 interview with Lester David and Jhan Robbins of <a href="/wiki/The_Ledger" title="The Ledger">The Ledger</a>, Burton stated that "they say we generate more business activity than one of the smaller African nations" and that the couple "often outspent" the Greek business tycoon <a href="/wiki/Aristotle_Onassis" title="Aristotle Onassis">Aristotle Onassis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[248]</a> In 1964, Burton portrayed <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> who was martyred by <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Becket_(1964_film)" title="Becket (1964 film)">film adaptation</a> of Jean Anouilh's historical play <a href="/wiki/Becket" title="Becket">Becket</a>. Both Alpert and historian <a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a> noted Burton gave an effective, restrained performance, contrasting with co-actor and friend <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a>'s manic portrayal of Henry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986130-266">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-Becket_Guardian-267">[250]</a> Burton asked the film's director, Peter Glenville, not to oust him from the project like he had done for Adventure Story before accepting the role of Becket.<a href="#cite_note-Becket_Guardian-267">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986119Bragg1988172-268">[251]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>, Peter Rainer labelled Burton as "extraordinary".<a href="#cite_note-269">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Turan" title="Kenneth Turan">Kenneth Turan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> appreciated Burton's on-screen chemistry with O'Toole and thought his portrayal of Becket served as "a reminder of how fine an actor Burton was".<a href="#cite_note-270">[253]</a> The film received twelve Oscar nominations, including Best Actor for both Burton and O'Toole; they lost to Harrison for <a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_(film)" title="My Fair Lady (film)">My Fair Lady</a> (1964).<a href="#cite_note-271">[254]</a> Burton and O'Toole also received nominations for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama at the <a href="/wiki/22nd_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="22nd Golden Globe Awards">22nd Golden Globe Awards</a>, with O'Toole emerging victorious.<a href="#cite_note-272">[255]</a> Burton's triumph at the box office continued with his next appearance as the defrocked clergyman Dr. T. Lawrence Shannon in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Night_of_the_Iguana_(film)" title="The Night of the Iguana (film)">The Night of the Iguana</a> (1964) directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>; the film was also critically well received.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986136ErskineWelshTibbetts2000238-273">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[257]</a> Alpert believed Burton's success was due to how well he varied his acting with the three female characters, each of whom he tries to seduce differently: <a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a> (the randy hotel owner), <a href="/wiki/Sue_Lyon" title="Sue Lyon">Sue Lyon</a> (the nubile American tourist), and <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (the poor, repressed artist).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986135-231">[216]</a> The success of Becket and The Night of the Iguana led Time magazine to term him "the new Mr. Box Office".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986136-275">[258]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Becket_1964_still_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Becket_1964_still_2.jpg/220px-Becket_1964_still_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Becket_1964_still_2.jpg/330px-Becket_1964_still_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Becket_1964_still_2.jpg/440px-Becket_1964_still_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Burton (right) with <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> in Becket (1964).</figcaption></figure> During the production of Becket, Burton went to watch Gielgud perform in the 1963 stage adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Thornton_Wilder" title="Thornton Wilder">Thornton Wilder</a>'s 1948 novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Ides_of_March_(novel)" title="The Ides of March (novel)">The Ides of March</a>. There he was confronted by Gielgud who asked what Burton planned to do as a part of the celebration of Shakespeare's quatercentenary. Burton told him he was approached by theatrical producer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Cohen" title="Alexander H. Cohen">Alexander H. Cohen</a> to do Hamlet in New York City. Burton had accepted Cohen's offer under the condition that Gielgud would direct it, which he conveyed to Gielgud. Gielgud agreed and soon production began in January 1964 after Burton had completed his work in Becket and The Night of the Iguana.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986131–132Croall2000442Morley2010494-276">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[r]</a> Taking into account Burton's dislike for wearing period clothing, as well as fellow actor <a href="/wiki/Harley_Granville-Barker" title="Harley Granville-Barker">Harley Granville-Barker</a>'s notion that the play was best approached as a "permanent rehearsal", Gielgud decided for Hamlet to be performed in a 'rehearsal' version with an incomplete set with the actors performing wearing their own clothes. Unaccustomed to this freedom, the cast found it hard to select the appropriate clothes and wore different attire day by day. After the first performance in Toronto, Gielgud decreed that the actors must wear capes as he felt it "lacked colour". In addition to being the play's director, Gielgud appeared as the <a href="/wiki/Ghost_(Hamlet)" title="Ghost (Hamlet)">Ghost of Hamlet's father</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000444SchochWilliams201159-279">[261]</a> According to Gielgud's biographer Jonathan Croall, Burton's basic reading of Hamlet was "a much more vigorous, extrovert" version of Gielgud's own performance in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000443-280">[262]</a> Burton varied his interpretations of the character in later performances; he even tried a homosexual Hamlet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986146Bragg1988198-281">[263]</a> When the play debuted at the <a href="/wiki/Lunt-Fontanne_Theatre" title="Lunt-Fontanne Theatre">Lunt-Fontanne Theatre</a> in New York City, Burton garnered good reviews for his portrayal of a "bold and virile" Hamlet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986144Croall2000445-282">[264]</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Taubman" title="Howard Taubman">Howard Taubman</a> of The New York Times called it "a performance of electrical power and sweeping virility", noting that he had never known or seen "a Hamlet of such tempestuous manliness".<a href="#cite_note-283">[265]</a> A critic from Time magazine said that Burton "put his passion into Hamlet's language rather than the character. His acting is a technician's marvel. His voice has gem-cutting precision."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986144-284">[266]</a> Walter Kerr felt that though Burton carried "a certain lack of feeling" in his performance, he appreciated Burton's "reverberating" vocal projections.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986144-284">[266]</a> The opening night party was a lavish affair, attended by six hundred celebrities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986143-285">[267]</a> The play ran for 137 performances, beating the previous record set by Gielgud himself in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-289">[s]</a> The most successful aspect of the production, apart from Burton's performance, was generally considered to be <a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a>'s performance as <a href="/wiki/Polonius" title="Polonius">Polonius</a>, winning him the only <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Featured_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play">Tony Award</a> he would ever receive in a competitive category. Burton himself was nominated for his second Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play but lost to <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> for his portrayal of the poet Dylan Thomas.<a href="#cite_note-Hamlet_1964_Playbill-286">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[271]</a> The performance was immortalised in a <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton%27s_Hamlet" title="Richard Burton's Hamlet">film</a> that was created by recording three live performances on camera from 30 June 1964 to 1 July 1964 using a process called <a href="/wiki/Electronovision" title="Electronovision">Electronovision</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESterne1967127Hirschhorn1979363-291">[272]</a> it played in US theatres for a week in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-292">[273]</a> The play was also the subject of books written by cast members <a href="/wiki/William_Redfield_(actor)" title="William Redfield (actor)">William Redfield</a> and Richard L. Sterne.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000442,_445-293">[274]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:35%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FAE7B5;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> He had a theory that Hamlet could be played a hundred ways, and he tested every one of them. Within one scene, you might get Heathcliff, Sir Toby Belch, and <a href="/wiki/Peck%27s_Bad_Boy" title="Peck's Bad Boy">Peck's Bad Boy</a>. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Drake" title="Alfred Drake">Alfred Drake</a>, who played <a href="/wiki/King_Claudius" title="King Claudius">King Claudius</a>, on how Burton made variations to the character of Hamlet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986146-294">[275]</a></cite> </div> Burton helped Taylor make her stage debut in A Poetry Reading, a recitation of poems by the couple as well as anecdotes and quotes from the plays Burton had participated in thus far. The idea was conceived by Burton as a benefit performance for his mentor Philip, whose conservatory, the <a href="/wiki/American_Musical_and_Dramatic_Academy" title="American Musical and Dramatic Academy">American Musical and Dramatic Academy</a>, had fallen short of funds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988195–196-295">[276]</a> A Poetry Reading opened at the Lunt-Fontanne on 21 June 1964 to a packed house;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986147–148-296">[277]</a> the couple received a standing ovation at the end of their performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986148-297">[278]</a> Burton remarked on Taylor's performance, "I didn't know she was going to be this good."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988195–196-295">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[t]</a> After Hamlet came to a close in August 1964, Burton and Taylor continued making films together. The first film after their marriage, The Sandpiper, was poorly received but still became a commercially successful venture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988198–199-301">[281]</a> According to Bragg, the films they made during the mid-1960s contained a lot of innuendos that referred directly to their private lives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988198-302">[282]</a> Burton went on to star opposite Claire Bloom and <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Werner" title="Oskar Werner">Oskar Werner</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_In_from_the_Cold_(film)" title="The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (film)">The Spy Who Came In from the Cold</a> (1965), a <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_espionage" title="Cold War espionage">Cold War espionage</a> story about a British Intelligence agent, Alec Leamas (Burton), who is sent to East Germany on a mission to find and expose a mole working within his organisation for an East German Intelligence officer, Hans-Dieter Mundt (<a href="/wiki/Peter_van_Eyck" title="Peter van Eyck">Peter van Eyck</a>). <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ritt" title="Martin Ritt">Martin Ritt</a>, the film's director and producer, wanted Burton's character to exhibit more anonymity, which meant no display of eloquent speeches or intense emotional moments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988200–201-303">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spy-304">[284]</a> Bragg believed this decision worried Burton, as he had generated his reputation as an actor with those exact traits, and wondered how the film's would turn out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986159Bragg1988200–201-305">[285]</a> Ritt, a non-drinker, was displeased with Burton's drinking habits as he felt it "lacked a certain discipline" and expected the same level of commitment from him as everyone else during filming.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986159-306">[286]</a> In spite of their differences, Alpert notes that the film transpired well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986160-307">[287]</a> Based on the 1963 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold" title="The Spy Who Came in from the Cold">of the same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_le_Carr%C3%A9" title="John le Carré">John le Carré</a>, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold garnered positive reviews,<a href="#cite_note-Spy-304">[284]</a> with Fernando F. Croce of <a href="/wiki/Slant_Magazine" title="Slant Magazine">Slant Magazine</a> describing Burton's performance as more of "tragic patsy than swashbuckler" and believed his scenes with Werner "have sharp doses of suspicion, cynicism and sadness".<a href="#cite_note-308">[288]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Kehr" title="Dave Kehr">Dave Kehr</a> of the Chicago Reader called the film "Grim, monotonous, and rather facile", he found Burton's role had "some honest poignancy".<a href="#cite_note-309">[289]</a> Variety thought Burton fitted "neatly into the role of the apparently burned out British agent".<a href="#cite_note-310">[290]</a> Burton also made a brief appearance the same year in <a href="/wiki/Clive_Donner" title="Clive Donner">Clive Donner</a>'s comedy <a href="/wiki/What%27s_New_Pussycat%3F" title="What's New Pussycat?">What's New Pussycat?</a> as a man who meets the womaniser Michael James (O'Toole) in a bar.<a href="#cite_note-311">[291]</a> In 1966, Burton and Taylor enjoyed their greatest on-screen success in <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F_(film)" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)">film version</a> of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a> play <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Life-220">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988230-312">[292]</a> in which a bitter erudite couple trade vicious barbs in front of their guests, Nick (George Segal) and Honey (<a href="/wiki/Sandy_Dennis" title="Sandy Dennis">Sandy Dennis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-313">[293]</a> Burton wanted Taylor for the character of Martha "to stop everyone else from playing it".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986150-314">[294]</a> He didn't want anyone else to do it as he thought it could be for Elizabeth what Hamlet was for him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988204-315">[295]</a> Burton was not the first choice for the role of George. <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> was offered the role initially, but when he turned it down, Warner Bros. president <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a> agreed on Burton and paid him $750,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986155-316">[296]</a> Nichols was hired to helm the project at Taylor's request, despite having never directed a film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986157-317">[297]</a> Albee preferred <a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a> and James Mason for Martha and George respectively, fearing that the Burtons' strong screen presence would dominate the film. Instead, it proved to be what Alpert described as "the summit of both Richard's and Elizabeth's careers".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986163-318">[298]</a> The film's script, adapted from Albee's play by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a>, broke new ground for its raw language and harsh depiction of marriage.<a href="#cite_note-319">[299]</a> So immersed had the Burtons become in the roles of George and Martha over the months of shooting that, after it was wrapped up, he and Taylor found it difficult not to be George and Martha, "I feel rather lost."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986175-320">[300]</a> Later the couple would state that the film took its toll on their relationship, and that Taylor was "tired of playing Martha" in real life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986173Bragg1988205–206-321">[301]</a> Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? garnered critical acclaim, with film critic <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kauffmann" title="Stanley Kauffmann">Stanley Kauffmann</a> of The New York Times calling it "one of the most scathingly honest American films ever made". Kaufman observed Burton to be "utterly convincing as a man with a great lake of nausea in him, on which he sails with regret and compulsive amusement", and Taylor "does the best work of her career, sustained and urgent".<a href="#cite_note-322">[302]</a> In her review for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Daily News">The New York Daily News</a>, Kate Cameron thought Taylor "nothing less than brilliant as the shrewish, slovenly. blasphemous, frustrated, slightly wacky, alcoholic wife" while noting that the film gave Burton "a chance to display his disciplined art in the role of the victim of a wife's vituperative tongue".<a href="#cite_note-323">[303]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a> criticised Taylor, believing her performance "lack[ed] genuine warmth" but his review of Burton was more favourable, noting that he gave "a performance of electrifying charm".<a href="#cite_note-324">[304]</a> Although all four actors received Academy Award nominations for their roles in the film, which received a total of thirteen nominations, only Taylor and Dennis went on to win.<a href="#cite_note-325">[305]</a> Both Burton and Taylor won their first <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> Awards for Best British Actor and Best British Actress respectively; the former also for his role in The Spy Who Came in from the Cold.<a href="#cite_note-326">[306]</a> Burton and Taylor next performed a 1966 <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Playhouse" title="Oxford Playhouse">Oxford Playhouse</a> adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(play)" title="Doctor Faustus (play)">Doctor Faustus</a>; the couple did the play to benefit the Oxford University Dramatic Society and as a token of Burton's gratitude to Nevill Coghill.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988206-327">[307]</a> Burton starred as the titular character, Doctor Faustus while Taylor played her first stage role as <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a>, a non-speaking part.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988207-328">[308]</a> The play received negative reviews but Burton's and Taylor's performances were reviewed constructively. <a href="/wiki/Irving_Wardle" title="Irving Wardle">Irving Wardle</a> of The Times called it "University drama at its worst" while the American newspaper columnist <a href="/wiki/John_Crosby_(media_critic)" title="John Crosby (media critic)">John Crosby</a>, in his review for The Observer, lauded Burton's speech where he asks God to be merciful, stating that: "It takes a great actor to deliver that speech without wringing a strangled sob of laughter out of one. But Burton did it."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988207–208-329">[309]</a> The play nevertheless made $22,000, which Coghill was happy with.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971300-330">[310]</a> Doctor Faustus was <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Faustus_(1967_film)" title="Doctor Faustus (1967 film)">adapted for the screen</a> the following year by both Burton and Coghill, with Burton making his directorial debut. He also co-produced the film with Taylor and Coghill; it was critically panned and was a box office failure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986179–180,_187KashnerSchoenberger2010186–189,_230–232-331">[311]</a> The couple's next collaboration was Franco Zeffirelli's lively version of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew_(1967_film)" title="The Taming of the Shrew (1967 film)">The Taming of the Shrew</a> (1967).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971300–302-332">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_Guardian-333">[313]</a> The film was a challenge for Burton, who had to chase Taylor on rooftops, noting that he was "permitted to do extreme physical things that wouldn't have been allowed with any other actress". Zeffirelli recalled that Taylor, who had no prior experience performing in a Shakespeare play, "gave the more interesting performance because she invented the part from scratch". Of Burton, the director felt he was, to an extent, "affected by his knowledge of the classics".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971300–302-332">[312]</a> The Taming of the Shrew also became a notable critical and commercial success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971311KashnerSchoenberger2010181-334">[314]</a> He had another quick collaboration with Zeffirelli narrating the documentary, <a href="/wiki/Florence:_Days_of_Destruction" title="Florence: Days of Destruction">Florence: Days of Destruction</a>, which was about the <a href="/wiki/1966_flood_of_the_Arno" title="1966 flood of the Arno">1966 flood of the Arno</a> that devastated the city of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy; the film raised $20 million for the flood relief efforts.<a href="#cite_note-335">[315]</a> By the end of 1967, the combined box office gross of films Burton and Taylor had acted in had reached $200 million.<a href="#cite_note-kashner201007-336">[316]</a> According to biographers John Cottrell and <a href="/wiki/Fergus_Cashin" title="Fergus Cashin">Fergus Cashin</a>, when Burton and Taylor contemplated taking a three-month break from acting, Hollywood "almost had a nervous breakdown" as nearly half the U.S. cinema industry's income for films in theatrical distribution came from pictures starring one or both of them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971314-337">[317]</a> Later collaborations from the Burtons like <a href="/wiki/The_Comedians_(1967_film)" title="The Comedians (1967 film)">The Comedians</a> (1967), which was based on <a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Comedians_(novel)" title="The Comedians (novel)">1966 novel of the same name</a>, and the Tennessee Williams adaptation <a href="/wiki/Boom!_(1968_film)" title="Boom! (1968 film)">Boom!</a> (1968) were critical and commercial failures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986187KashnerSchoenberger2010228–232,_238–240-338">[318]</a> In 1968, Burton enjoyed a commercial blockbuster with <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> in the World War II action film <a href="/wiki/Where_Eagles_Dare" title="Where Eagles Dare">Where Eagles Dare</a>;<a href="#cite_note-kashner201007-336">[316]</a> he received a $1 million fee plus a share of the film's box office gross.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988253-339">[319]</a> According to his daughter Kate Burton, "He did that one for us kids, because we kept asking him, 'Can you do a fun movie that we can go see?'"<a href="#cite_note-340">[320]</a> Eastwood thought the script "terrible" and was "all exposition and complications".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGilligan2002172-341">[321]</a> He asked the film's producer <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Kastner" title="Elliott Kastner">Elliott Kastner</a> and its screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Alistair_MacLean" title="Alistair MacLean">Alistair MacLean</a> to be given less dialogue, later remarking "I just stood around firing my machine gun while Burton handled the dialogue."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGilligan2002172-341">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eagles-342">[322]</a> Burton enjoyed working with Eastwood and said of the picture that he "did all the talking and [Eastwood] did all the killing".<a href="#cite_note-Eagles-342">[322]</a> Burton's last film of the decade, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_the_Thousand_Days" title="Anne of the Thousand Days">Anne of the Thousand Days</a> (1969) for which he was paid $1.25 million, (equivalent to $10,385,662 in 2023)<a href="#cite_note-343">[323]</a> was commercially successful but garnered mixed opinions from reviewers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarperSmith2011211-344">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[325]</a> Noted British film critic <a href="/wiki/Tom_Milne" title="Tom Milne">Tom Milne</a> of Time Out magazine believed that Burton "plays throughout on a monotonous note of bluff ferocity".<a href="#cite_note-346">[326]</a> Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> of The New York Times appreciated Burton's portrayal of the English monarch, noting that he "is in excellent form and voice—funny, loutish and sometimes wise".<a href="#cite_note-347">[327]</a> Anne of the Thousand Days received ten nominations at the <a href="/wiki/42nd_Academy_Awards" title="42nd Academy Awards">42nd Academy Awards</a>, including one for Burton's performance as <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a>, which many thought to be largely the result of an expensive advertising campaign by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWileyBona1986434-348">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[329]</a> The same year, <a href="/wiki/Staircase_(film)" title="Staircase (film)">Staircase</a> in which he and his Cleopatra co-star Rex Harrison appeared as a bickering homosexual couple, received negative reviews and was unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988280-350">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970–1984:_Later_career_and_final_years">1970–1984: Later career and final years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burton_Taylor_Divorce_His_Hers_1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Burton_Taylor_Divorce_His_Hers_1973.jpg/220px-Burton_Taylor_Divorce_His_Hers_1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Burton_Taylor_Divorce_His_Hers_1973.jpg/330px-Burton_Taylor_Divorce_His_Hers_1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Burton_Taylor_Divorce_His_Hers_1973.jpg/440px-Burton_Taylor_Divorce_His_Hers_1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Divorce_His,_Divorce_Hers" title="Divorce His, Divorce Hers">Divorce His, Divorce Hers</a> (1973), his final film with Taylor</figcaption></figure> In 1970, on his 45th birthday, Burton was ceremonially honoured with a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> at Buckingham Palace; Taylor and Cis were present during the ceremony. He attributed not having a knighthood to changing his residence from London to Céligny to escape taxes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986199-352">[332]</a> From the 1970s, after his completion of Anne of the Thousand Days, Burton began to work in mediocre films, which hurt his career.<a href="#cite_note-Life-220">[206]</a> This was partly due to the Burtons' extravagant spending, his increasing addiction to alcohol, and his claim that he could not "find any worthy material that is pertinent to our times".<a href="#cite_note-Life-220">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986199-352">[332]</a> He recognised his financial need to work, and understood in the <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> era of cinema, neither he nor Taylor would be paid as well as at the height of their stardom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986197Bragg1988252-353">[333]</a> Some of the films he made during this period include: <a href="/wiki/Bluebeard_(1972_film)" title="Bluebeard (1972 film)">Bluebeard</a> (1972), <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Is_Out" title="Hammersmith Is Out">Hammersmith Is Out</a> (1972), <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sutjeska_(film)" title="Battle of Sutjeska (film)">Battle of Sutjeska</a> (1973), <a href="/wiki/The_Klansman" title="The Klansman">The Klansman</a> (1974), and <a href="/wiki/Exorcist_II:_The_Heretic" title="Exorcist II: The Heretic">Exorcist II: The Heretic</a> (1977).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films-82">[75]</a> His last film with Taylor was the two-part melodrama <a href="/wiki/Divorce_His,_Divorce_Hers" title="Divorce His, Divorce Hers">Divorce His, Divorce Hers</a> (1973).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Television-198">[184]</a> He did enjoy one major critical success in the 1970s with <a href="/wiki/Equus_(film)" title="Equus (film)">the film version</a> of his stage hit <a href="/wiki/Equus_(play)" title="Equus (play)">Equus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-354">[334]</a> winning the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> as well as garnering an Academy Award nomination.<a href="#cite_note-355">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[336]</a> Public sentiment towards his perennial frustration at not winning an Oscar made many pundits consider him the favourite to finally win the award, but he lost to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Goodbye_Girl" title="The Goodbye Girl">The Goodbye Girl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988440-357">[337]</a> In 1976, Burton received a <a href="/wiki/18th_Grammy_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="18th Grammy Awards">Grammy Award</a> in the category of <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Album_for_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Album for Children">Best Recording for Children</a> for his narration of <a href="/wiki/The_Little_Prince" title="The Little Prince">The Little Prince</a> by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-358">[338]</a> His narration of <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Wayne%27s_Musical_Version_of_The_War_of_the_Worlds" title="Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds">Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds</a> became such a necessary part of the concept album that a hologram of Burton was used to narrate the live stage show (touring in 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010) of the musical.<a href="#cite_note-359">[339]</a> In 2011, however, <a href="/wiki/Liam_Neeson" title="Liam Neeson">Liam Neeson</a> was cast in the part for a "New Generation" re-recording, and replaced Burton as the hologram character in the stage show.<a href="#cite_note-360">[340]</a> Burton had an international box-office hit with <a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Geese" title="The Wild Geese">The Wild Geese</a> (1978), an adventure tale about mercenaries in Africa. The film was a success in Europe but had only limited distribution in the United States owing to the <a href="/wiki/Monogram_Pictures#Demise" title="Monogram Pictures">collapse</a> of the studio that distributed it.<a href="#cite_note-361">[341]</a> He returned to films with <a href="/wiki/The_Medusa_Touch_(film)" title="The Medusa Touch (film)">The Medusa Touch</a> (1978), <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_Two" title="Circle of Two">Circle of Two</a> (1980), and the title role in <a href="/wiki/Wagner_(film)" title="Wagner (film)">Wagner</a> (1983).<a href="#cite_note-362">[342]</a> His last film performance as <a href="/wiki/O%27Brien_(Nineteen_Eighty-Four)" title="O'Brien (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">O'Brien</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four_(1984_film)" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984 film)">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a> (1984) was critically acclaimed though he was not the first choice for the role. According to the film's director, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Radford" title="Michael Radford">Michael Radford</a>, Paul Scofield was originally contracted to play the part, but had to withdraw due to a broken leg; Sean Connery, Marlon Brando and Rod Steiger were all approached before Burton was cast. He had "heard stories" about Burton's heavy drinking, which had concerned the producers.<a href="#cite_note-363">[343]</a> Burton's last acting appearance was in the miniseries <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island_(miniseries)" title="Ellis Island (miniseries)">Ellis Island</a>, which aired posthumously on CBS in November 1984. At the time of his death, he was preparing to film <a href="/wiki/Wild_Geese_II" title="Wild Geese II">Wild Geese II</a>, the sequel to The Wild Geese, which was eventually released in 1985. Burton was to reprise the role of Colonel Faulkner, while Laurence Olivier was cast as <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a>. After his death, Burton was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Fox_(actor)" title="Edward Fox (actor)">Edward Fox</a>, and the character changed to Faulkner's younger brother.<a href="#cite_note-364">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMunn2014258-365">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages_and_relationships">Marriages and relationships</h3></div> Burton was married five times, twice consecutively to Taylor.<a href="#cite_note-366">[346]</a> From 1949 until 1963, he was married to <a href="/wiki/Sybil_Christopher" title="Sybil Christopher">Sybil Williams</a>, with whom he had two daughters, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Burton_(actress)" title="Kate Burton (actress)">Kate</a> (born 1957) and Jessica Burton (born 1959).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988128–129-216">[202]</a> Burton's marriages to Taylor lasted from 15 March 1964 to 26 June 1974 and from 10 October 1975 to 29 July 1976. Their first wedding was at the <a href="/wiki/Ritz-Carlton_Montreal" title="Ritz-Carlton Montreal">Ritz-Carlton Hotel</a> in Montreal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986139-367">[347]</a> Of their marriage, Taylor proclaimed, "I'm so happy you can't believe it. This marriage will last forever."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986140-368">[348]</a> Their second wedding took place 16 months after their divorce, in <a href="/wiki/Chobe_National_Park" title="Chobe National Park">Chobe National Park</a> in Botswana. Taylor and Eddie Fisher adopted a daughter from Germany, Maria McKeown (born 1961), who was re-adopted by Burton after he and Taylor married. Burton also re-adopted Taylor and producer <a href="/wiki/Mike_Todd" title="Mike Todd">Mike Todd</a>'s daughter, Elizabeth Frances "Liza" Todd (born 1957), who had been first adopted by Fisher.<a href="#cite_note-Daytona-262">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[349]</a> The relationship Burton and Taylor portrayed in the film Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? was popularly likened to their real-life marriage.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Burton disagreed with others about Taylor's famed beauty, saying that calling her "the most beautiful woman in the world is absolute nonsense. She has wonderful eyes, but she has a <a href="/wiki/Double_chin" class="mw-redirect" title="Double chin">double chin</a> and an overdeveloped chest, and she's rather short in the leg."<a href="#cite_note-gussow20110323-370">[350]</a> In August 1976, a month after his second divorce from Taylor, Burton married model <a href="/wiki/Suzy_Miller" title="Suzy Miller">Suzy Miller</a>, the former wife of Formula 1 Champion <a href="/wiki/James_Hunt" title="James Hunt">James Hunt</a>;<a href="#cite_note-The_Modesto_Bee-22_August_1976-371">[351]</a> the marriage ended in divorce in 1982. From 1983 until his death in 1984, Burton was married to a freelance production assistant <a href="/wiki/Sally_Burton" title="Sally Burton">Sally Hay</a>. In 1974, between his divorce from and remarriage to Taylor, he was briefly engaged to <a href="/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_of_Yugoslavia" title="Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia">Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-372">[352]</a> In 1957, Burton had earned a total of £82,000 from Prince of Players, The Rains of Ranchipur and Alexander the Great, but only managed to keep £6,000 for personal expenses due to taxation imposed by the then-ruling Conservative government. As a result, he consulted his lawyer, Aaron Frosch, who suggested he move to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> where the tax payment was comparatively less. Burton acceded to Frosch's suggestion and moved with Sybil in January 1957 to <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ligny" title="Céligny">Céligny</a>, Switzerland, where he purchased a villa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198675,_77Bragg1988106,_112-373">[353]</a> In response to criticism from the British government, Burton remarked: "I believe that everyone should pay them — except actors."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198678-191">[177]</a> Burton lived there until his death.<a href="#cite_note-374">[354]</a> In 1968, Burton's elder brother, Ifor, slipped and fell, breaking his neck, after a lengthy drinking session with Burton in Céligny. The injury left him paralysed from the neck down. His younger brother Graham Jenkins speculated that guilt over this may have caused Burton to start drinking very heavily, particularly after Ifor died in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988257–258,_411-375">[355]</a> In a February 1975 interview with his friend David Lewin, he said he "tried" homosexuality. He also suggested that perhaps all actors were latent homosexuals, and "we cover it up with drink".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerris1981249–250Bragg1988258-376">[356]</a> In 2000, <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Amburn" title="Ellis Amburn">Ellis Amburn</a>'s biography of Elizabeth Taylor suggested that Burton had an affair with Olivier and tried to seduce Eddie Fisher, although this was strongly denied by Burton's younger brother Graham Jenkins.<a href="#cite_note-377">[357]</a> Burton admired and was inspired by the actor and dramatist <a href="/wiki/Emlyn_Williams" title="Emlyn Williams">Emlyn Williams</a>. He employed his son, <a href="/wiki/Brook_Williams" title="Brook Williams">Brook Williams</a>, as his personal assistant and adviser, and he was given small roles in some of the films in which Burton starred.<a href="#cite_note-378">[358]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_views">Personal views</h3></div> In November 1974, Burton was banned permanently from BBC productions for writing two newspaper articles questioning the sanity of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and others in power during World War II. Burton reported hating them "virulently" for the alleged promise to wipe out all Japanese people on the planet.<a href="#cite_note-379">[359]</a> The publication of these articles coincided with what would have been the 100th year since Churchill's birth and came after Burton had played him in a favourable light in <a href="/wiki/The_Gathering_Storm_(1974_film)" title="The Gathering Storm (1974 film)">A Walk with Destiny</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[360]</a> Politically Burton was a lifelong <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a>, although he was never as heavily involved in politics as his close friend Stanley Baker. He admired Democratic Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and once got into a sonnet-quoting contest with him.<a href="#cite_note-381">[361]</a> In 1972, Burton played <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Assassination_of_Trotsky" title="The Assassination of Trotsky">The Assassination of Trotsky</a>. The next year, he agreed to play <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sutjeska_(film)" title="Battle of Sutjeska (film)">film biography</a>, since he admired the Yugoslav leader. While filming in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> he publicly proclaimed that he was a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a>, saying he felt no contradiction between earning vast sums of money for films and holding left-wing views since "unlike capitalists, I don't exploit other people".<a href="#cite_note-382">[362]</a> On his religious views, Burton was an atheist, stating: "I wish I could believe in a God of some kind but I simply cannot."<a href="#cite_note-383">[363]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_problems">Health problems</h3></div> Burton was a heavy smoker. In a December 1977 interview with Sir <a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Kennedy" title="Ludovic Kennedy">Ludovic Kennedy</a>, Burton said he was smoking 60–100 cigarettes per day.<a href="#cite_note-384">[364]</a> According to his younger brother, as stated in Graham Jenkins's 1988 book Richard Burton: My Brother, he smoked at least 100 cigarettes a day.<a href="#cite_note-385">[365]</a> After his father died from a cerebral haemorrhage in March 1957,<a href="#cite_note-386">[366]</a> Burton declined to attend his funeral.<a href="#cite_note-387">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[368]</a> Burton was also an <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic">alcoholic</a> most of his adult life. According to biographer Robert Sellers, "At the height of his boozing in the mid-70s he was knocking back three to four bottles of hard liquor a day."<a href="#cite_note-Raising_Hell-389">[369]</a> After nearly drinking himself to death during the shooting of The Klansman (1974), Burton <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_detoxification" title="Alcohol detoxification">dried out</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Health_Center" title="Saint John's Health Center">Saint John's Health Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>. Burton was allegedly inebriated while making the movie, and many of his scenes had to be filmed with him sitting or lying down due to his inability to stand upright. In some scenes, he appears to slur his words or speak incoherently.<a href="#cite_note-390">[370]</a> Burton later said that he could not remember making the film. Co-star <a href="/wiki/O._J._Simpson" title="O. J. Simpson">O. J. Simpson</a> said "There would be times when he couldn't move".<a href="#cite_note-cahill19770908-391">[371]</a> According to his diaries, Burton used <a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Antabuse</a> to try to stop his excessive consumption of alcohol, which he blamed for wrecking his marriage to Taylor. Burton himself said of the time leading up to his near loss of life, "I was fairly sloshed for five years. I was up there with <a href="/wiki/John_Barrymore" title="John Barrymore">John Barrymore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Newton" title="Robert Newton">Robert Newton</a>. The ghosts of them were looking over my shoulder."<a href="#cite_note-Hellraisers-6">[6]</a> He said that he turned to the bottle for solace "to burn up the flatness, the stale, empty, dull deadness that one feels when one goes offstage".<a href="#cite_note-Raising_Hell-389">[369]</a> The 1988 biography by Melvyn Bragg provides a detailed description of the many health issues that plagued Burton throughout his life. In his youth, Burton was known for being exceptionally strong and athletic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Front_cover_of_book-392">[372]</a> By the age of 41, he had declined so far in health that by his own admission, his arms were thin and weak. He suffered from <a href="/wiki/Bursitis" title="Bursitis">bursitis</a>, possibly aggravated by faulty treatment, <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dermatitis" title="Dermatitis">dermatitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> of the liver, and kidney disease, as well as developing, by his mid-forties, a pronounced limp. How much of this was due to his intake of alcohol is impossible to ascertain, according to Bragg, because of Burton's reluctance to be treated for alcoholism. In 1974, Burton spent six weeks in a clinic to recuperate from a period during which he had drunk three bottles of <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a> a day. Health issues continued to plague him until his death. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declining_health_and_death">Declining health and death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave-RichardBurton-VieuxCimetiereDeCeligny_RomanDeckert27062021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Grave-RichardBurton-VieuxCimetiereDeCeligny_RomanDeckert27062021.jpg/220px-Grave-RichardBurton-VieuxCimetiereDeCeligny_RomanDeckert27062021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Grave-RichardBurton-VieuxCimetiereDeCeligny_RomanDeckert27062021.jpg/330px-Grave-RichardBurton-VieuxCimetiereDeCeligny_RomanDeckert27062021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Grave-RichardBurton-VieuxCimetiereDeCeligny_RomanDeckert27062021.jpg/440px-Grave-RichardBurton-VieuxCimetiereDeCeligny_RomanDeckert27062021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3905" data-file-height="2899" /></a><figcaption>Burton's grave, just a few paces away from the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Alistair_MacLean" title="Alistair MacLean">Alistair MacLean</a></figcaption></figure> Burton died from <a href="/wiki/Intracerebral_haemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracerebral haemorrhage">intracerebral haemorrhage</a> on 5 August 1984 at his home in Céligny, Switzerland, at the age of 58.<a href="#cite_note-NYTDowd-3">[3]</a> Although his death was sudden, his health had been declining for several years, and he suffered from constant and severe neck pain. As early as March 1970, he had been warned that his liver was enlarged, and he was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">cirrhosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kidney_disease" title="Kidney disease">kidney disease</a> in April 1981. Burton was buried at the Old Cemetery ("Vieux Cimetière") of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ligny" title="Céligny">Céligny</a> with a copy of Dylan Thomas's poems.<a href="#cite_note-393">[373]</a> Burton left an estate worth US$4.58 million (equivalent to $13,431,928 in 2023). The bulk of his estate consisted of real estate, investments in three countries and works of art. Most of his estate was bequeathed to his widow.<a href="#cite_note-394">[374]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acting_credits_and_accolades">Acting credits and accolades</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton_on_stage,_screen,_radio_and_record" title="Richard Burton on stage, screen, radio and record">Richard Burton on stage, screen, radio and record</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Richard_Burton" title="List of awards and nominations received by Richard Burton">List of awards and nominations received by Richard Burton</a></div> Burton received <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Richard_Burton" title="List of awards and nominations received by Richard Burton">numerous accolades</a> including a <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="British Academy Film Award">British Academy Film Award</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Awards</a> (including a <a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a>) as well as nominations for a <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-395">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-396">[376]</a> For his contributions to cinema, Burton was inducted posthumously into the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in 2013 with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_with_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame_motion_picture_stars" title="List of actors with Hollywood Walk of Fame motion picture stars">motion pictures star</a> located at 6336 <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard" title="Hollywood Boulevard">Hollywood Boulevard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-397">[377]</a> For his contributions to theatre, Burton was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">Theatre Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-398">[378]</a> Despite seven <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nominations Burton failed to win an Oscar.<a href="#cite_note-399">[379]</a> Over his distinguished career he has been recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> for the following performances:<a href="#cite_note-400">[380]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/25th_Academy_Awards" title="25th Academy Awards">25th Academy Awards</a>: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a>, nomination, <a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_Rachel_(1952_film)" title="My Cousin Rachel (1952 film)">My Cousin Rachel</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Academy_Awards" title="26th Academy Awards">26th Academy Awards</a>: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a>, nomination, <a href="/wiki/The_Robe_(film)" title="The Robe (film)">The Robe</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Academy_Awards" title="37th Academy Awards">37th Academy Awards</a>: Best Actor, nomination, <a href="/wiki/Becket_(1964_film)" title="Becket (1964 film)">Becket</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Academy_Awards" title="38th Academy Awards">38th Academy Awards</a>: Best Actor, nomination, <a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_in_from_the_Cold_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (film)">The Spy Who Came in from the Cold</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Academy_Awards" title="39th Academy Awards">39th Academy Awards</a>: Best Actor, nomination, <a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F_(film)" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Academy_Awards" title="42nd Academy Awards">42nd Academy Awards</a>: Best Actor, nomination, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_the_Thousand_Days" title="Anne of the Thousand Days">Anne of the Thousand Days</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Academy_Awards" title="50th Academy Awards">50th Academy Awards</a>: Best Actor, nomination, <a href="/wiki/Equus_(film)" title="Equus (film)">Equus</a> (1977)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> later known as the <a href="/wiki/Dyffryn_School" title="Dyffryn School">Dyffryn School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-visitnpt-29">[29]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Philip taught Arithmetic and English at Port Talbot Secondary School in addition to holding plays for the school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198627–28-36">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Jones was instrumental in helping Richard pass his scholarship test for admission to Secondary School.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198626-28">[28]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Elfed was against Richard going back to school for they could not afford to send him. Richard retaliated by simply walking out of the house, saying he wasn't coming back. He stayed with Philip for a year from 1942 to 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198634-47">[44]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Originally, Burton was placed as an understudy for the part of Angelo after impressing Coghill by demonstrating and reciting the "<a href="/wiki/To_be,_or_not_to_be" title="To be, or not to be">To be, or not to be</a>" <a href="/wiki/Soliloquy" title="Soliloquy">soliloquy</a> from <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>. The RAF officer who was to play the role of Angelo, was called back to active service and Burton was selected for the role. Philip sent letters of advice to Burton on how to play Angelo and came to London to oversee the rehearsals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198640Bragg198850-56">[52]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Burton worked with Summerfield in two versions of Emlyn Williams' play, <a href="/wiki/The_Corn_Is_Green" title="The Corn Is Green">The Corn Is Green</a> for <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198643-61">[56]</a> The first one was a radio adaptation which was broadcast on 27 January 1945, while the other was a television adaptation by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a> that was premiered on 15 September 1946. Burton and Summerfield played the roles of Morgan Evans and Bessie Watty respectively in both the versions.<a href="#cite_note-Burton_BBC-64">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a> According to biographer Alpert, Summerfield's parents didn't approve of Burton when he showed them a photo of himself and Summerfield at "a local pub". Philip too, didn't want Burton "encumbered with a wife while making his way in the theater [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>]".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198644-60">[55]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Burton lent his voice for a different role named Private Thomas in the 1948 radio production of In Parenthesis by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Cleverdon" title="Douglas Cleverdon">Douglas Cleverdon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Glenville initially gave Burton the part after he successfully auditioned for the role alone on the stage. While rehearsing a scene with Scofield, Glenville found Burton to be "physically wrong", and claims that he did not reject him on the grounds of his talent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198649–50Bragg198866–67-86">[79]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Bragg writes that Fry himself intervened and persuaded Gielgud to cast Burton in the play. Gielgud stated that he did not properly remember how Burton was selected as he was "in a hurry" to complete the casting process. Gielgud found Burton "very striking to look at" and called him "a dream Prince".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198868-91">[83]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> was initially assigned by the film's producer and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Nunnally_Johnson" title="Nunnally Johnson">Nunnally Johnson</a> to direct My Cousin Rachel, but left due to differences of opinion with Johnson regarding the film's script.<a href="#cite_note-TCM_MCR_Notes-113">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Koster" title="Henry Koster">Henry Koster</a> was assigned in his place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198656,_59-114">[105]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Biographer Alpert mentions that De Havilland complemented Burton as well, mentioning he possessed a "manliness combined with a little boy quality".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198659-117">[107]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> The decision to make the film in CinemaScope was taken by Fox as a response to <a href="/wiki/Cinerama" title="Cinerama">Cinerama</a>, another widescreen process that was introduced in 1952 with the film, <a href="/wiki/This_Is_Cinerama" title="This Is Cinerama">This Is Cinerama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198663-134">[123]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Alpert mentions the contract's span as ten-year and ten-pictures, but also states the amount to be $1 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198665-144">[132]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Gielgud's biographer Jonathan Croall opines Gielgud's dissatisfaction may be due to a remark Burton made that his portrayal of Hamlet was "a sort of unconscious imitation of Gielgud".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000441-157">[144]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> Sullivan wanted an interview with Lerner and Loewe, promising to devote the time entirely to Camelot to which they agreed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198694-226">[212]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> The film was initially slated to be helmed by <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian American</a> film director <a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a>. <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> began in London in 1960 but had to be halted several times due to prevalent weather conditions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashnerSchoenberger201012–13-238">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a>'s inability to adapt to the English climate resulted in her falling continuously ill, further delaying production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashnerSchoenberger201012–13-238">[223]</a> In March 1961, she contracted a near-fatal case of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, which required a <a href="/wiki/Tracheotomy" title="Tracheotomy">tracheotomy</a> to be performed. After she recovered, Fox shifted the production to Rome.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashnerSchoenberger201012–18-239">[224]</a> Mamoulian was fired and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> was hired at Taylor's insistence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1990226-240">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-TCM_Cleopatra-241">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Boyd" title="Stephen Boyd">Stephen Boyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a>, who played <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> and Julius Caesar respectively, withdrew to concentrate on other pending projects. The duo were replaced by Burton and <a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashnerSchoenberger201012–18-239">[224]</a> Filming was finally completed in July 1962.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashnerSchoenberger201039-242">[227]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> The film was initially six hours long and Mankiewicz thought of releasing the film in two parts, both three hours long. Zanuck rejected the idea and edited the film himself by cutting it down to four hours. Alpert observed that the more Zanuck edited the film, the less Burton's screen presence became. Burton and Taylor supported Mankiewicz, with the former saying the director "might have made the first really good epic film". Mankiewicz said of the editing of Burton's scenes, "He gave a brilliant performance, much of which will never be seen."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986124-251">[235]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> O'Toole's version of how Burton came to work in Hamlet under Gielgud was a little different, but not conflicting according to Alpert. His version has him and Burton deciding they would both play Hamlet under the direction of Gielgud and Olivier in either London or New York City, with two coin tosses made for choice of director and location. Burton won the first toss and chose Gielgud and New York City while O'Toole won the second toss, selecting Olivier and London.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000441–442-277">[260]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> While Playbill magazine gives the number of performances as 137,<a href="#cite_note-Hamlet_1964_Playbill-286">[268]</a> Croall says it went on for 138 performances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECroall2000445-287">[269]</a> Alpert and Bragg mention it to be 136 and 134 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986148Bragg1988197-288">[270]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> Some of the poems they recited were the <a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_poets" title="Metaphysical poets">metaphysical poet</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marvell" title="Andrew Marvell">Andrew Marvell</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/To_His_Coy_Mistress" title="To His Coy Mistress">To His Coy Mistress</a>", <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Lady_(poem)" title="Portrait of a Lady (poem)">Portrait of a Lady</a>", "Snake" by <a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a> satire "<a href="/wiki/The_Ruined_Maid" title="The Ruined Maid">The Ruined Maid</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert1986147–148Bragg1988196-298">[279]</a> Burton also gave a solo performance of the <a href="/wiki/St_Crispin%27s_Day_Speech" title="St Crispin's Day Speech">St Crispin's Day Speech</a> portion from <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a>. The couple ended their recitation with <a href="/wiki/Psalm_23" title="Psalm 23">Psalm 23</a>, with Taylor reciting in English and Burton in Welsh.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988196-299">[280]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Obituary <a href="/wiki/Variety_Obituaries" title="Variety Obituaries">Variety</a>, 8 August 1984 </li> <li id="cite_note-Time_Burton-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Time_Burton_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClarke1984" class="citation journal cs1">Clarke, Gerald (20 August 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954366,00.html">"Show Business: The Mellifluous Prince of Disorder"</a>. Time Magazine. 124 (8). Retrieved 30 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=Show+Business%3A+The+Mellifluous+Prince+of+Disorder&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=8&rft.date=1984-08-20&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C954366%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTDowd-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTDowd_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTDowd_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTDowd_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTDowd_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTDowd_3-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaureen1984" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Maureen, Dowd</a> (6 August 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1110.html">"Richard Burton, 58, is Dead; Rakish Stage and Screen Star"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430045324/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1110.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016. 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Retrieved 16 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Philip+Burton&rft.date=1995-02-11&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-philip-burton-1572514.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerris198142Alpert198631–32-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerris198142Alpert198631–32_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFerris1981">Ferris 1981</a>, p. 42; <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 31–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198634-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198634_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198634_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198632Bragg198838-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198632Bragg198838_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 32; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198632-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198632_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635Bragg198841-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635Bragg198841_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 35; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635Munn201441-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635Munn201441_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 35; <a href="#CITEREFMunn2014">Munn 2014</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635–37-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198635–37_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 35–37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198638–39-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198638–39_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 38–39. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198639Bragg198844-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198639Bragg198844_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 39; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198640Bragg198850-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198640Bragg198850_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 40; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198640–41Bragg198850–51-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198640–41Bragg198850–51_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 40–41; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, pp. 50–51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198641Bragg198851-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198641Bragg198851_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 41; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198644-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198644_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198644_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198644_60-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198643-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198643_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198643_61-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Rosemary Malaher, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/14/carberrytour.shtml">Historical Tour: Carberry, Manitoba</a>. Manitoba History 14 (Autumn, 1987). Retrieved 21 April 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198641–43-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198641–43_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 41–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-Burton_BBC-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_BBC_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_BBC_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417053654/http://richardburtonmuseum.weebly.com/burton-at-the-bbc.html">"Richard Burton BBC Radio and Television Recordings"</a>. The Richard Burton Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://richardburtonmuseum.weebly.com/burton-at-the-bbc.html">the original</a> on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton+BBC+Radio+and+Television+Recordings&rft.pub=The+Richard+Burton+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frichardburtonmuseum.weebly.com%2Fburton-at-the-bbc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1946-09-15">"BBC Television Listings – 15 September 1946"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Genome" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Genome">BBC Genome</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417052142/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctv/1946-09-15">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Television+Listings+%E2%80%93+15+September+1946&rft.pub=BBC+Genome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2Fschedules%2Fbbctv%2F1946-09-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/third/1946-12-26">"BBC Television Listings – 26 December 1946"</a>. BBC Genome. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417062011/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/third/1946-12-26">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Television+Listings+%E2%80%93+26+December+1946&rft.pub=BBC+Genome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2Fschedules%2Fthird%2F1946-12-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/third/1948-11-11">"BBC Television Listings – 11 November 1948"</a>. BBC Genome. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417060054/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/third/1948-11-11">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Television+Listings+%E2%80%93+11+November+1948&rft.pub=BBC+Genome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2Fschedules%2Fthird%2F1948-11-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/third/1948-11-30">"BBC Television Listings – 30 November 1948"</a>. BBC Genome. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417060102/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/third/1948-11-30">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Television+Listings+%E2%80%93+30+November+1948&rft.pub=BBC+Genome&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2Fschedules%2Fthird%2F1948-11-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Richard Burton <a href="/wiki/BBC_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Wales">BBC Wales</a> interview 1977 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRTsA4K0-hk&t=891s">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645Bragg198856Munn201451-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645Bragg198856Munn201451_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 45; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 56; <a href="#CITEREFMunn2014">Munn 2014</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-Alpert1986-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Alpert1986_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollis_Alpert1986" class="citation book cs1">Hollis Alpert (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rtgdAAAAMAAJ">Burton</a>. Putnam. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-13093-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-13093-9"><bdi>978-0-399-13093-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burton&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-399-13093-9&rft.au=Hollis+Alpert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrtgdAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645Bragg1988Appendices:_Theatre-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198645Bragg1988Appendices:_Theatre_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 45; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. Appendices: Theatre. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198863-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198863_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198863_76-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198646–48-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198646–48_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 46–48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198649-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198649_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_French" title="Philip French">French, Philip</a> (24 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/24/last-days-dolwyn-dvd-french">"The Last Days of Dolwyn"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417075528/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/feb/24/last-days-dolwyn-dvd-french">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Last+Days+of+Dolwyn&rft.date=2013-02-24&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2013%2Ffeb%2F24%2Flast-days-dolwyn-dvd-french&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrior2011" class="citation web cs1">Prior, Neil (11 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-15689077">"Michael Sheen unveils plaque at Richard Burton house"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160502055613/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-15689077">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Sheen+unveils+plaque+at+Richard+Burton+house&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.aulast=Prior&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-15689077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198653-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198653_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films_82-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Films_82-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. Appendices: Films. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198870-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198870_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198870_83-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=940DE0D71438E73ABC4051DFBE66838A649EDE">"The Screen In Review; 'Her Panelled Door,' Starring Phyllis Calvert, Makes Bow at 60th Street Trans-Lux"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 28 August 1951. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417124755/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=940DE0D71438E73ABC4051DFBE66838A649EDE">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Screen+In+Review%3B+%27Her+Panelled+Door%2C%27+Starring+Phyllis+Calvert%2C+Makes+Bow+at+60th+Street+Trans-Lux&rft.date=1951-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D940DE0D71438E73ABC4051DFBE66838A649EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198869-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198869_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198649–50Bragg198866–67-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198649–50Bragg198866–67_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198649–50Bragg198866–67_86-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 49–50; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, pp. 66–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198867-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198867_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-Playbill-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Playbill_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Playbill_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/production/the-ladys-not-for-burning-royale-theatre-vault-0000010264">"The Lady's Not For Burning"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417085129/http://www.playbill.com/production/the-ladys-not-for-burning-royale-theatre-vault-0000010264">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=The+Lady%27s+Not+For+Burning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Fproduction%2Fthe-ladys-not-for-burning-royale-theatre-vault-0000010264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198868-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198868_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650Bragg198868–69-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650Bragg198868–69_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 50; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, pp. 68–69. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650–52Bragg198870-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198650–52Bragg198870_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, pp. 50–52; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">Gielgud, John</a> (5 November 1950). 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Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Lady%27s+Not+For+Burning%2C+Globe+Theatre%2C+May+1949&rft.date=2003-05-28&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2003%2Fmay%2F28%2Ftheatre.samanthaellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Atkinson, Brooks</a> (9 November 1950). "At the theater". The New York Times. p. 42. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNightingale2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Nightingale" title="Benedict Nightingale">Nightingale, Benedict</a> (5 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/05/theater/christopher-fry-british-playwright-in-verse-dies-at-97.html">"Christopher Fry, British Playwright in Verse, Dies at 97"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417134700/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/05/theater/christopher-fry-british-playwright-in-verse-dies-at-97.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Christopher+Fry%2C+British+Playwright+in+Verse%2C+Dies+at+97&rft.date=2005-07-05&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F07%2F05%2Ftheater%2Fchristopher-fry-british-playwright-in-verse-dies-at-97.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Shanley" title="John Patrick Shanley">Shanley, J. P</a> (4 April 1951). "'Darkness at Noon' wins critics' prize; Drama circle award winners". The New York Times. p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatreworldawards.org/past-recipients.html">"Theatre World Award Recipients"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Theatre_World_Award" title="Theatre World Award">Theatre World Award</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004022514/http://www.theatreworldawards.org/past-recipients.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2015. 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By Lillian Hellman. (Lyric, Hammersmith.) IT is as well"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418091859/http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/18th-april-1952/12/montserrat-by-lillian-hellman-lyric-hammersmith-it">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016. 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Retrieved 19 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Actor+in+1954&rft.pub=British+Academy+of+Film+and+Television+Arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawards.bafta.org%2Faward%2F1954%2Ffilm%2Fforeign-actor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars54-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oscars54_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oscars54_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1954">"The 26th Academy Awards 1954"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>. 4 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423075018/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1954">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+26th+Academy+Awards+1954&rft.pub=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas1983223–224-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas1983223–224_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThomas1983">Thomas 1983</a>, pp. 223–224. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> 'The Top Box Office Hits of 1953'. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 13 January 1954. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowther1952" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bosley_Crowther" title="Bosley Crowther">Crowther, Bosley</a> (26 December 1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9501EFDD1E3AE23BBC4E51DFB4678389649EDE">"'My Cousin Rachel' Presented at the Rivoli – 'Ruby Gentry,' 'No Time for Flowers' Bow"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418102234/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9501EFDD1E3AE23BBC4E51DFB4678389649EDE">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27My+Cousin+Rachel%27+Presented+at+the+Rivoli+%E2%80%93+%27Ruby+Gentry%2C%27+%27No+Time+for+Flowers%27+Bow&rft.date=1952-12-26&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=Bosley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9501EFDD1E3AE23BBC4E51DFB4678389649EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/1953/all">"Winners & Nominees 1953"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418104304/http://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/1953/all">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winners+%26+Nominees+1953&rft.pub=Golden+Globe+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldenglobes.com%2Fwinners-nominees%2F1953%2Fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1953">"25th Academy Awards"</a>. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 4 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430014504/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1953">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25th+Academy+Awards&rft.pub=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2014-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198885-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198885_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198885_127-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198886–87-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198886–87_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, pp. 86–87. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18368077">"London Critics Praise 'The Desert Rats'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>. 26 April 1953. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418121629/http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18368077">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=London+Critics+Praise+%27The+Desert+Rats%27.&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1953-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F18368077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1952/film/reviews/the-desert-rats-1200417385/">"Review: 'The Desert Rats'"</a>. Variety. 31 December 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418122741/http://variety.com/1952/film/reviews/the-desert-rats-1200417385/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Review%3A+%27The+Desert+Rats%27&rft.date=1952-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1952%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Fthe-desert-rats-1200417385%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A04EEDF163DE23BBC4153DFB3668388649EDE">"'The Desert Rags,' With Richard Burton and Robert Newton, Presented at the Mayfair"</a>. The New York Times. 9 May 1953. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418123253/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A04EEDF163DE23BBC4153DFB3668388649EDE">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27The+Desert+Rags%2C%27+With+Richard+Burton+and+Robert+Newton%2C+Presented+at+the+Mayfair&rft.date=1953-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9A04EEDF163DE23BBC4153DFB3668388649EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198659,_67-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198659,_67_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 59, 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198664-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198664_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198663-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198663_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg198886-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg198886_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/robe/">"The Robe (1953)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. 16 September 1953. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150305011300/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/robe">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=The+Robe+%281953%29&rft.date=1953-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Frobe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1952/film/reviews/the-robe-1200417355/">"Review: 'The Robe'"</a>. Variety. 31 December 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418133110/http://variety.com/1952/film/reviews/the-robe-1200417355/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Review%3A+%27The+Robe%27&rft.date=1952-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1952%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Fthe-robe-1200417355%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowther1953" class="citation news cs1">Crowther, Bosley (17 September 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D06E0D71339E23BBC4F52DFBF668388649EDE">"The Screen: 'The Rose' Shown In Cemascope; Movie Based on Douglas' Novel Stars Richard Burton, Jean Simmons, Victor Mature Much-Heralded Film Process Gives Viewers a Smashing Display of Spectacle"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418134240/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D06E0D71339E23BBC4F52DFBF668388649EDE">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2016. 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BBC. 24 December 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421023649/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/arts/under_milk_wood.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Under+Milk+Wood&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2003-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fradio4%2Farts%2Funder_milk_wood.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman1987" class="citation news cs1">Goodman, Walter (7 October 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B0DE0DB1431F934A35753C1A961948260">"Film: Three From Lindsay Anderson"</a>. 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The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421054453/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E03E4D9123AE53BBC4A52DFB766838E649EDE">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Screen+in+Review%3B+%27Prince+of+Players%27+Bows+at+the+Rivoli&rft.date=1955-01-12&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=Bosley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9E03E4D9123AE53BBC4A52DFB766838E649EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198672–73Bragg1988101–102-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198672–73Bragg1988101–102_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 72–73; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 101–102. </li> <li id="cite_note-sterritt1955-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sterritt1955_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sterritt1955_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterritt" class="citation web cs1">Sterritt, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87641/The-Rains-of-Ranchipur/articles.html">"The Rains of Ranchipur (1955) – TCM Article"</a>. Turner Classic Movies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421071238/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87641/The-Rains-of-Ranchipur/articles.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016. 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Turner Classic Movies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421090030/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/17416/Alexander-the-Great/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great+%E2%80%94+Overview&rft.pub=Turner+Classic+Movies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F17416%2FAlexander-the-Great%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87641/The-Rains-of-Ranchipur/">"The Rains of Ranchipur — Overview"</a>. Turner Classic Movies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421090036/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87641/The-Rains-of-Ranchipur/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016. 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Retrieved 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Screen%3A+A+Saga+of+Ancient+Titans%3B+%27Alexander+the+Great%27+Is+Sweeping+Pageant&rft.date=1956-03-29&rft.aulast=Weiler&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9E0DEFD71430E23BBC4151DFB566838D649EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104–105-179"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104–105_179-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 104–105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198674Bragg1988105-180"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198674Bragg1988105_180-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 74; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988105-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988105_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198675Bragg1988104-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198675Bragg1988104_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 75; <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104,_106-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988104,_106_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, pp. 104, 106. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198676-185"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198676_185-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/89334/Sea-Wife/trivia.html">"Sea Wife — Trivia"</a>. 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Rotten Tomatoes. 17 January 1958. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211224128/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bitter_victory">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Bitter+Victory+%281957%29&rft.date=1958-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fbitter_victory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198678Hischak2009469-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198678Hischak2009469_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 78; <a href="#CITEREFHischak2009">Hischak 2009</a>, p. 469. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerris1981130-195"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerris1981130_195-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFerris1981">Ferris 1981</a>, p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebay.com/itm/Richard-Burton-Susan-Strasberg-Time-Remembered-Playbill-1957-Washington-HZ-/291724349422?hash=item43ec204fee">"Richard Burton Susan Strasberg "Time Remembered" Playbill 1957 Washington HZ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>. 8 October 1957. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422124653/http://www.ebay.com/itm/Richard-Burton-Susan-Strasberg-Time-Remembered-Playbill-1957-Washington-HZ-/291724349422?hash=item43ec204fee">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton+Susan+Strasberg+%22Time+Remembered%22+Playbill+1957+Washington+HZ&rft.pub=eBay&rft.date=1957-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.com%2Fitm%2FRichard-Burton-Susan-Strasberg-Time-Remembered-Playbill-1957-Washington-HZ-%2F291724349422%3Fhash%3Ditem43ec204fee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbill.com/production/time-remembered-morosco-theatre-vault-0000002433">"Time Remembered"</a>. Playbill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422124635/http://www.playbill.com/production/time-remembered-morosco-theatre-vault-0000002433">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Time+Remembered&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbill.com%2Fproduction%2Ftime-remembered-morosco-theatre-vault-0000002433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Television-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Television_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Appendices:_Television_198-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. Appendices: Television. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198683-199"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198683_199-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988123-200"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988123_200-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paleycenter.org/p-70-tv-countdown-50">"The Paley Center's Countdown to the 70th Anniversary of Television: TV Facts You Will Want to Know!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paley_Center_for_Media" title="Paley Center for Media">Paley Center for Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313093703/https://www.paleycenter.org/p-70-tv-countdown-50">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Paley+Center%27s+Countdown+to+the+70th+Anniversary+of+Television%3A+TV+Facts+You+Will+Want+to+Know%21&rft.pub=Paley+Center+for+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paleycenter.org%2Fp-70-tv-countdown-50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988124-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988124_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerris1981134-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerris1981134_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFerris1981">Ferris 1981</a>, p. 134. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterritt" class="citation web cs1">Sterritt, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/81782/Look-Back-in-Anger/articles.html">"Look Back in Anger (1959) — Article"</a>. Turner Classic Movies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422143522/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/81782/Look-Back-in-Anger/articles.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Look+Back+in+Anger+%281959%29+%E2%80%94+Article&rft.pub=Turner+Classic+Movies&rft.aulast=Sterritt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F81782%2FLook-Back-in-Anger%2Farticles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlpert198686-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198686_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198686_205-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlpert198686_205-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlpert1986">Alpert 1986</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowther1959" class="citation news cs1">Crowther, Bosley (16 September 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E0DE2DE1431EE3BBC4E52DFBF668382649EDE">"Screen: Briton's Protest; ' Look Back in Anger' Opens at 2 Theatres"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422143902/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E0DE2DE1431EE3BBC4E52DFBF668382649EDE">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Screen%3A+Briton%27s+Protest%3B+%27+Look+Back+in+Anger%27+Opens+at+2+Theatres&rft.date=1959-09-16&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=Bosley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3Fres%3D9E0DE2DE1431EE3BBC4E52DFBF668382649EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Andrew" title="Geoff Andrew">Andrew, Geoff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/us/film/look-back-in-anger">"Look Back in Anger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422143617/http://www.timeout.com/us/film/look-back-in-anger">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Out&rft.atitle=Look+Back+in+Anger&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fus%2Ffilm%2Flook-back-in-anger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1958/film/reviews/look-back-in-anger-2-1200419369/">"Review: 'Look Back in Anger'"</a>. Variety. 31 December 1958. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422143908/http://variety.com/1958/film/reviews/look-back-in-anger-2-1200419369/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Review%3A+%27Look+Back+in+Anger%27&rft.date=1958-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1958%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Flook-back-in-anger-2-1200419369%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1012672-look_back_in_anger/">"Look Back in Anger (1959)"</a>. Rotten Tomatoes. January 1958. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422150718/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1012672-look_back_in_anger/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016. 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British Academy of Film and Television Arts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430013300/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1960/film/british-actor">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Film+%E2%80%94+British+Actor+in+1960&rft.pub=British+Academy+of+Film+and+Television+Arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawards.bafta.org%2Faward%2F1960%2Ffilm%2Fbritish-actor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/1960">"Winners & Nominees 1960"</a>. Golden Globe Award. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430012325/http://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/1960">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winners+%26+Nominees+1960&rft.pub=Golden+Globe+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldenglobes.com%2Fwinners-nominees%2F1960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988125-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988125_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/cymruaryrawyr/database/brad.shtml">"Richard Burton a Brad"</a> (in Welsh). BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423013449/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/cymruaryrawyr/database/brad.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2016. 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The Official Richard Burton Website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423023858/http://www.richardburton.com/works/television/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton%27s+Works+%E2%80%94+Television&rft.pub=The+Official+Richard+Burton+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richardburton.com%2Fworks%2Ftelevision%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2010" class="citation news cs1">French, Philip (26 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/dec/26/philip-french-stammer-kings-speech">"Philip French: my life as a stammerer"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423023725/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/dec/26/philip-french-stammer-kings-speech">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Philip+French%3A+my+life+as+a+stammerer&rft.date=2010-12-26&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2010%2Fdec%2F26%2Fphilip-french-stammer-kings-speech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilleman201485-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilleman201485_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGilleman2014">Gilleman 2014</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-Life-220">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Life_220-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Life_220-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Life_220-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Life_220-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richardburton.com/burton_biog.pdf">"Richard Burton's Life"</a> (PDF). The Official Richard Burton Website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423081034/http://www.richardburton.com/burton_biog.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2016. 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The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506123826/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/mar/23/elizabeth-taylor-obituary">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Taylor+obituary&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft.aulast=Bergan&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2011%2Fmar%2F23%2Felizabeth-taylor-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971311KashnerSchoenberger2010181-334"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECottrellCashin1971311KashnerSchoenberger2010181_334-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCottrellCashin1971">Cottrell & Cashin 1971</a>, p. 311; <a href="#CITEREFKashnerSchoenberger2010">Kashner & Schoenberger 2010</a>, p. 181. </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle2012" class="citation web cs1">Doyle, Beth (15 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.library.duke.edu/preservation/2012/02/15/florence-days-of-destruction-a-film-by-franco-zeffirelli/">"Florence: Days of Destruction (A Film by Franco Zeffirelli)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Libraries" title="Duke University Libraries">Duke University Libraries</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505062953/https://blogs.library.duke.edu/preservation/2012/02/15/florence-days-of-destruction-a-film-by-franco-zeffirelli/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016. 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Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505073455/http://variety.com/2013/film/people-news/richard-burton-receives-his-star-on-walk-of-fame-819384/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016. 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Rotten Tomatoes. 4 March 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160903020555/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/equus/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Equus+%281977%29&rft.date=2003-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fequus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/1978">"Winners & Nominees 1978"</a>. Hollywood Foreign Press Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160903020226/http://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/1978">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winners+%26+Nominees+1978&rft.pub=Hollywood+Foreign+Press+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldenglobes.com%2Fwinners-nominees%2F1978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978">"The 50th Academy Awards 1978"</a>. 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New York City: <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1602393554" title="Special:BookSources/978-1602393554"><bdi>978-1602393554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Burton%27s+diatribe+and+Winston+Churchill&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton%3A+Prince+of+Players&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1602393554&rft.aulast=Munn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Des2M93mjpb8C%26q%3Dchurchill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/11/24/archives/to-play-churchill-is-to-hate-him-to-play-churchill-is-to-hate-him.html">"To Play Churchill Is to Hate Him"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=To+Play+Churchill+Is+to+Hate+Him&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F11%2F24%2Farchives%2Fto-play-churchill-is-to-hate-him-to-play-churchill-is-to-hate-him.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-381"><a href="#cite_ref-381">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawthorne" class="citation magazine cs1">Hawthorne, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/all-true-love-must-die-richard-burtons-diaries">"All True Love Must Die: Richard Burton's Diaries"</a>. The New Yorker. Condé Nast. Retrieved 21 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=All+True+Love+Must+Die%3A+Richard+Burton%27s+Diaries&rft.aulast=Hawthorne&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Fall-true-love-must-die-richard-burtons-diaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> Ferris, Paul Richard Burton (1981).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-383"><a href="#cite_ref-383">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Burton2012" class="citation book cs1">Richard Burton (2012). Chris Williams (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R56fvt7AiAAC&q=9780300192315">The Richard Burton Diaries</a>. Yale University Press. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19231-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19231-5"><bdi>978-0-300-19231-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 30 September 2013. <q>I wish I could believe in a God of some kind but I simply cannot.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Richard+Burton+Diaries&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19231-5&rft.au=Richard+Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR56fvt7AiAAC%26q%3D9780300192315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFC_xPOkhXY">"Richard Burton 1977 Interview"</a>. YouTube. 5 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/NFC_xPOkhXY">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton+1977+Interview.&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DNFC_xPOkhXY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins1988" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Graham (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELsdAAAAMAAJ">Richard Burton, my brother</a>. Joseph. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0718130103" title="Special:BookSources/0718130103"><bdi>0718130103</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton%2C+my+brother&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=Joseph&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0718130103&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DELsdAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-386"><a href="#cite_ref-386">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://richardburtonmuseum.weebly.com/richard-burton-people.html">https://richardburtonmuseum.weebly.com/richard-burton-people.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216104332/http://www.welshwales.co.uk/burton.htm">"Richard Burton"</a>. welshwales.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.welshwales.co.uk/burton.htm">the original</a> on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=welshwales.co.uk&rft.atitle=Richard+Burton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.welshwales.co.uk%2Fburton.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Richard%20Burton">"Richard Burton"</a>. everything2.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=everything2.com&rft.atitle=Richard+Burton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feverything2.com%2Findex.pl%3Fnode%3DRichard%2520Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raising_Hell-389">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raising_Hell_389-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raising_Hell_389-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiner2011" class="citation web cs1">Reiner, Jon (29 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/07/14/137149219/raising-hell-in-dramatic-richard-burton-style">"Raising 'Hell' In Dramatic Richard Burton Style"</a>. NPR. National Public Radio. Retrieved 29 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Raising+%27Hell%27+In+Dramatic+Richard+Burton+Style&rft.date=2011-06-29&rft.aulast=Reiner&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F07%2F14%2F137149219%2Fraising-hell-in-dramatic-richard-burton-style&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLentz2000" class="citation book cs1">Lentz, Robert J. (2000). Lee Marvin: His Films and Career. McFarland. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2606-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2606-3"><bdi>0-7864-2606-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lee+Marvin%3A+His+Films+and+Career&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7864-2606-3&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cahill19770908-391"><a href="#cite_ref-cahill19770908_391-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahill1977" class="citation magazine cs1">Cahill, Tim (8 September 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rollingstone.com/sports/features/a-man-for-off-season-19770908">"O.J. Simpson: A Man for Offseason"</a>. Rolling Stone.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=O.J.+Simpson%3A+A+Man+for+Offseason&rft.date=1977-09-08&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fsports%2Ffeatures%2Fa-man-for-off-season-19770908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Front_cover_of_book-392"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBragg1988Front_cover_of_book_392-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBragg1988">Bragg 1988</a>, p. Front cover of book. </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1984/08/10/burton-buried/0ced5257-aab3-4847-993f-97b6de4928e9/?noredirect=on">"Burton Buried"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>. Retrieved 26 November 2018. <q>The casket was adorned with red and white flowers in the shape of a dragon, the national symbol of Wales. Burton's godson Brook Williams, son of Welsh playwright Emlyn Williams, recited poems by Thomas and placed a book of the poet's works on the casket.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Burton+Buried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1984%2F08%2F10%2Fburton-buried%2F0ced5257-aab3-4847-993f-97b6de4928e9%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/11/19/world/richard-burton-left-a-4.5-million-estate.html">"Richard Burton Left A $4.5 Million Estate"</a>. The New York Times. 19 November 1984.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Richard+Burton+Left+A+%244.5+Million+Estate&rft.date=1984-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F11%2F19%2Fworld%2Frichard-burton-left-a-4.5-million-estate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000009/awards/?ref_=nm_awd">"Richard Burton (Performer) - Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a>. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Movie+Database&rft.atitle=Richard+Burton+%28Performer%29+-+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0000009%2Fawards%2F%3Fref_%3Dnm_awd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://v.playbill.com/person/richard-burton-vault-0000096898">"Richard Burton (Performer)"</a>. Playbill. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Richard+Burton+%28Performer%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fv.playbill.com%2Fperson%2Frichard-burton-vault-0000096898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walkoffame.com/richard-burton">"Richard Burton — Hollywood Walk of Fame"</a>. walkoffame.com. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=walkoffame.com&rft.atitle=Richard+Burton+%E2%80%94+Hollywood+Walk+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walkoffame.com%2Frichard-burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/05/arts/broadway-s-best.html">"Broadway's Best"</a>. The New York Times. 5 March 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Broadway%27s+Best&rft.date=1985-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F03%2F05%2Farts%2Fbroadway-s-best.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6837670/oscar-nominees-who-never-won/">"The Most Surprising Oscar Nominees Who Have Never Won"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. 7 March 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Most+Surprising+Oscar+Nominees+Who+Have+Never+Won&rft.date=2024-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6837670%2Foscar-nominees-who-never-won%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/how-many-oscar-nominations-richard-burton-lost/">"All Of Richard Burton's Oscar Nominations (& Who He Lost To)"</a>. ScreenRant. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScreenRant&rft.atitle=All+Of+Richard+Burton%27s+Oscar+Nominations+%28%26+Who+He+Lost+To%29&rft.date=2023-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fhow-many-oscar-nominations-richard-burton-lost%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> Works by Burton <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton1964" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Richard (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D3ivAAAAIAAJ&q=richard%20burton%20christmas%20story">A Christmas Story</a>. William Morrow.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Christmas+Story&rft.pub=William+Morrow&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD3ivAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Drichard%2520burton%2520christmas%2520story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2012" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Richard (2012). Williams, Chris (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R56fvt7AiAAC&q=richard%20burton">The Richard Burton Diaries</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300192315" title="Special:BookSources/9780300192315"><bdi>9780300192315</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Richard+Burton+Diaries&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780300192315&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR56fvt7AiAAC%26q%3Drichard%2520burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> Primary works <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlpert1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hollis_Alpert" title="Hollis Alpert">Alpert, Hollis</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/burton00alpe">Burton</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-13093-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-13093-9"><bdi>978-0-399-13093-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burton&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-399-13093-9&rft.aulast=Alpert&rft.aufirst=Hollis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fburton00alpe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBragg1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Bragg, Melvyn</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/richardburtonlif00brag">Richard Burton: A Life</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-10595-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-10595-8"><bdi>978-0-316-10595-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton%3A+A+Life&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-316-10595-8&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=Melvyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frichardburtonlif00brag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottrellCashin1971" class="citation book cs1">Cottrell, John; Cashin, Fergus (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/richardburtonver00cott">Richard Burton, very close up</a>. <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saddle_River,_New_Jersey" title="Upper Saddle River, New Jersey">Upper Saddle River, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-780908-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-780908-0"><bdi>978-0-13-780908-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton%2C+very+close+up&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-13-780908-0&rft.aulast=Cottrell&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Cashin%2C+Fergus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frichardburtonver00cott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerris1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ferris_(Welsh_writer)" title="Paul Ferris (Welsh writer)">Ferris, Paul</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/richardburton00ferr">Richard Burton</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">Coward, McCann & Geoghegan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-698-11106-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-698-11106-6"><bdi>978-0-698-11106-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Coward%2C+McCann+%26+Geoghegan&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-698-11106-6&rft.aulast=Ferris&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frichardburton00ferr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunn2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Munn" title="Michael Munn">Munn, Michael</a> (20 March 2014). Richard Burton: Prince of Players. London: <a href="/wiki/Aurum_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurum Press">Aurum Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78131-373-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78131-373-2"><bdi>978-1-78131-373-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton%3A+Prince+of+Players&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Aurum+Press&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft.isbn=978-1-78131-373-2&rft.aulast=Munn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Rubython, Tom (2011): 'And God Created Burton'. London: Myrtle Press - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9565656-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9565656-2-4">978-0-9565656-2-4</a></li></ul> </div> Secondary works <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabula1981" class="citation book cs1">Babula, William (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shakespeareinpro0000babu">Shakespeare in production, 1935-1978: a selective catalogue</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Garland_Science" title="Garland Science">Garland Science</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-824-09814-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-824-09814-8"><bdi>978-0-824-09814-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+in+production%2C+1935-1978%3A+a+selective+catalogue&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Garland+Science&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-824-09814-8&rft.aulast=Babula&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshakespeareinpro0000babu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurtonChibnall2013" class="citation book cs1">Burton, Alan; Chibnall, Steve (11 July 2013). Historical Dictionary of British Cinema. <a href="/wiki/Lanham,_Maryland" title="Lanham, Maryland">Lanham, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Books">Scarecrow Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81-088026-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81-088026-9"><bdi>978-0-81-088026-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+British+Cinema&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft.isbn=978-0-81-088026-9&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Chibnall%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Burton_(theatre_director)" title="Philip Burton (theatre director)">Burton, Philip</a> (1992). Richard & Philip: The Burtons : a Book of Memories. London: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Owen_Publishers" title="Peter Owen Publishers">Peter Owen Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7206-0855-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7206-0855-7"><bdi>978-0-7206-0855-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+%26+Philip%3A+The+Burtons+%3A+a+Book+of+Memories&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Peter+Owen+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7206-0855-7&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCashmore2016" class="citation book cs1">Cashmore, Ellis (25 February 2016). Elizabeth Taylor: A Private Life for Public Consumption. London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6289-2069-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6289-2069-7"><bdi>978-1-6289-2069-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+Taylor%3A+A+Private+Life+for+Public+Consumption&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016-02-25&rft.isbn=978-1-6289-2069-7&rft.aulast=Cashmore&rft.aufirst=Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroall2000" class="citation book cs1">Croall, Jonathan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gielgud00jona">Gielgud – A Theatrical Life, 1904–2000</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1403-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1403-8"><bdi>978-0-8264-1403-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gielgud+%E2%80%93+A+Theatrical+Life%2C+1904%E2%80%932000&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1403-8&rft.aulast=Croall&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgielgud00jona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErskineWelshTibbetts2000" class="citation book cs1">Erskine, Thomas L.; Welsh, James Michael; Tibbetts, John C. (2000). Video Versions: Film Adaptations of Plays on Video. <a href="/wiki/Westport,_Connecticut" title="Westport, Connecticut">Westport, Connecticut</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30185-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30185-8"><bdi>978-0-313-30185-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Video+Versions%3A+Film+Adaptations+of+Plays+on+Video&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30185-8&rft.aulast=Erskine&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft.au=Welsh%2C+James+Michael&rft.au=Tibbetts%2C+John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilleman2014" class="citation book cs1">Gilleman, Luc (4 February 2014). John Osborne: Vituperative Artist. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3178-4281-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3178-4281-1"><bdi>978-1-3178-4281-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Osborne%3A+Vituperative+Artist&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-02-04&rft.isbn=978-1-3178-4281-1&rft.aulast=Gilleman&rft.aufirst=Luc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarperSmith2011" class="citation book cs1">Harper, Sam; Smith, Justin (30 November 2011). British Film Culture in the 1970s: The Boundaries of Pleasure. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-5428-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-5428-4"><bdi>978-0-7486-5428-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Film+Culture+in+the+1970s%3A+The+Boundaries+of+Pleasure&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-5428-4&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Smith%2C+Justin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHischak2009" class="citation book cs1">Hischak, Thomas S. (16 March 2009). Broadway Plays and Musicals: Descriptions and Essential Facts of More Than 14,000 Shows through 2007. <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_North_Carolina" title="Jefferson, North Carolina">Jefferson, North Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3448-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3448-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-3448-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadway+Plays+and+Musicals%3A+Descriptions+and+Essential+Facts+of+More+Than+14%2C000+Shows+through+2007&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2009-03-16&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-3448-0&rft.aulast=Hischak&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschhorn1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Hirschhorn" title="Clive Hirschhorn">Hirschhorn, Clive</a> (1979). The Warner Bros. Story. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5175-3834-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5175-3834-0"><bdi>978-0-5175-3834-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Warner+Bros.+Story&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-5175-3834-0&rft.aulast=Hirschhorn&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolder2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noddy_Holder" title="Noddy Holder">Holder, Noddy</a> (18 September 2014). The World According To Noddy: Life Lessons Learned In and Out of Rock & Roll. London: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette (publisher)">Hachette</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-47211-565-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-47211-565-2"><bdi>978-1-47211-565-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+According+To+Noddy%3A+Life+Lessons+Learned+In+and+Out+of+Rock+%26+Roll&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft.isbn=978-1-47211-565-2&rft.aulast=Holder&rft.aufirst=Noddy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJedlicka2011" class="citation book cs1">Jedlicka, Davor (11 June 2011). Affinographs: A Dynamic Method for Assessment of Individuals, Couples, Families, and Households. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44199-395-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44199-395-3"><bdi>978-1-44199-395-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Affinographs%3A+A+Dynamic+Method+for+Assessment+of+Individuals%2C+Couples%2C+Families%2C+and+Households&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.date=2011-06-11&rft.isbn=978-1-44199-395-3&rft.aulast=Jedlicka&rft.aufirst=Davor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkinsRogers1993" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, David; Rogers, Sue (1993). Richard Burton: A Brother Remembered. <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor, Michigan</a>: Century. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-712-65768-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-712-65768-6"><bdi>978-0-712-65768-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Burton%3A+A+Brother+Remembered&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Century&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-712-65768-6&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKashnerSchoenberger2010" class="citation book cs1">Kashner, Sam; Schoenberger, Nancy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780061562846">Furious Love: Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, and the Marriage of the Century</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-156284-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-156284-6"><bdi>978-0-06-156284-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Furious+Love%3A+Elizabeth+Taylor%2C+Richard+Burton%2C+and+the+Marriage+of+the+Century&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-06-156284-6&rft.aulast=Kashner&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Schoenberger%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780061562846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Lewis_(biographer)" title="Roger Lewis (biographer)">Lewis, Roger</a> (2023). Erotic Vagrancy: Everything about Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor. London: Hachette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85-738172-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85-738172-9"><bdi>978-0-85-738172-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erotic+Vagrancy%3A+Everything+about+Richard+Burton+and+Elizabeth+Taylor&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-85-738172-9&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKenzie2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_MacKenzie" title="Simon MacKenzie">MacKenzie, S. P.</a> (28 January 2016). The Battle of Britain on Screen: ?The Few? in British Film and Television Drama. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-2847-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-2847-3"><bdi>978-1-4742-2847-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Britain+on+Screen%3A+%3FThe+Few%3F+in+British+Film+and+Television+Drama&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-2847-3&rft.aulast=MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGilligan2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGilligan_(biographer)" title="Patrick McGilligan (biographer)">McGilligan, Patrick</a> (19 August 2002) [1999]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clintlifelegend00mcgi">Clint: The Life and Legend</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29032-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29032-0"><bdi>978-0-312-29032-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clint%3A+The+Life+and+Legend&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2002-08-19&rft.isbn=978-0-312-29032-0&rft.aulast=McGilligan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclintlifelegend00mcgi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley2010" class="citation book cs1">Morley, Sheridan (11 May 2010). John Gielgud: The Authorized Biography. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-1617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-1617-3"><bdi>978-1-4391-1617-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Gielgud%3A+The+Authorized+Biography&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2010-05-11&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-1617-3&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Sheridan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaco1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Monaco" title="James Monaco">Monaco, James</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffi00mona">The Encyclopedia of Film</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Perigee Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-51604-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-51604-7"><bdi>978-0-399-51604-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Film&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Perigee+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-399-51604-7&rft.aulast=Monaco&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaoffi00mona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParish2011" class="citation book cs1">Parish, James Robert (6 January 2011). The Hollywood Book of Extravagance: The Totally Infamous, Mostly Disastrous, and Always Compelling Excesses of America's Film and TV Idols. <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-11803-902-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-11803-902-1"><bdi>978-1-11803-902-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hollywood+Book+of+Extravagance%3A+The+Totally+Infamous%2C+Mostly+Disastrous%2C+and+Always+Compelling+Excesses+of+America%27s+Film+and+TV+Idols&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011-01-06&rft.isbn=978-1-11803-902-1&rft.aulast=Parish&rft.aufirst=James+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadnerLuckett1999" class="citation book cs1">Radner, Hilary; Luckett, Moya (1999). Swinging Single: Representing Sexuality in the 1960s. <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3351-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3351-7"><bdi>978-0-8166-3351-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swinging+Single%3A+Representing+Sexuality+in+the+1960s&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-3351-7&rft.aulast=Radner&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft.au=Luckett%2C+Moya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyall2013" class="citation book cs1">Ryall, Tom (19 July 2013). Anthony Asquith. <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6452-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6452-4"><bdi>978-0-7190-6452-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthony+Asquith&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6452-4&rft.aulast=Ryall&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchochWilliams2011" class="citation book cs1">Schoch, Richard; Williams, Gary Jay (31 March 2011). "Edwin Booth: What They Also Saw When They Saw Booth's Hamlet". Macready, Booth, Terry, Irving: Great Shakespeareans:, Volume 6. London: <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-6656-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-6656-2"><bdi>978-1-4411-6656-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Edwin+Booth%3A+What+They+Also+Saw+When+They+Saw+Booth%27s+Hamlet&rft.btitle=Macready%2C+Booth%2C+Terry%2C+Irving%3A+Great+Shakespeareans%3A%2C+Volume+6&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011-03-31&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-6656-2&rft.aulast=Schoch&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Williams%2C+Gary+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterne1967" class="citation book cs1">Sterne, Richard L. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johngielguddirec00ster">John Gielgud directs Richard Burton in Hamlet: a journal of rehearsals</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-4351-8352-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-4351-8352-3"><bdi>978-0-4351-8352-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Gielgud+directs+Richard+Burton+in+Hamlet%3A+a+journal+of+rehearsals&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-4351-8352-3&rft.aulast=Sterne&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohngielguddirec00ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1983" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Tony (1983). The Films of Olivia de Havilland. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Books#Imprints" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington Books">Citadel Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-0988-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-0988-4"><bdi>978-0-8065-0988-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Olivia+de+Havilland&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Citadel+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-8065-0988-4&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTynan2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Tynan" title="Kathleen Tynan">Tynan, Kathleen</a> (29 February 2012). Tynan Letters. London: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44649-918-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44649-918-4"><bdi>978-1-44649-918-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tynan+Letters&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012-02-29&rft.isbn=978-1-44649-918-4&rft.aulast=Tynan&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Walker_(critic)" title="Alexander Walker (critic)">Walker, Alexander</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elizabeth00walk">Elizabeth: The Life of Elizabeth Taylor</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3769-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3769-2"><bdi>978-0-8021-3769-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth%3A+The+Life+of+Elizabeth+Taylor&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3769-2&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felizabeth00walk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWileyBona1986" class="citation book cs1">Wiley, Mason; <a href="/wiki/Damien_Bona" title="Damien Bona">Bona, Damien</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insideoscarunoff00wile/page/434">Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insideoscarunoff00wile/page/434">434</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-3453-4777-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-3453-4777-0"><bdi>978-0-3453-4777-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Oscar%3A+The+Unofficial+History+of+the+Academy+Awards&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=434&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-3453-4777-0&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=Mason&rft.au=Bona%2C+Damien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsideoscarunoff00wile%2Fpage%2F434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Burton" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Shipman, D. The Great Movie Stars: The International Years, Angus & Robertson 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-207-14803-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-207-14803-1">0-207-14803-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Richard_Burton" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Burton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richardburton.com">Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228040428/https://www.richardburton.com/">Official website</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived February 28, 2023)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/33844">Richard Burton</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151973#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/8070">Richard Burton</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000009/">Richard Burton</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Person/129678-Richard-Burton">Richard Burton</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">American Film Institute Catalog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/person/richard-burton-vault-0000096898">Richard Burton</a> at <a href="/wiki/Playbill#Other_media" title="Playbill">Playbill Vault</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/25920%7C129678/wp">Richard Burton</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151973#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/472165/">Richard Burton</a> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">BFI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">Screenonline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cavett.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/17/whos-afraid-of-richard-burton/">Richard Burton on the Dick Cavett Show</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090719104540/http://cavett.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/17/whos-afraid-of-richard-burton/">Archived</a> 19 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 17 July 2009</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#C1D8FF;">Husband of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Fisher" title="Eddie Fisher">Eddie Fisher</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Husband of Elizabeth Taylor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(by order of marriage) 1964–1974; 1975–1976 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">John Warner</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Richard_Burton" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Richard_Burton" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Richard_Burton" title="List of awards and nominations received by Richard Burton">Awards for Richard Burton</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1952–1967</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_More" title="Kenneth More">Kenneth More</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Howard" title="Trevor Howard">Trevor Howard</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> (1965)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_P%C3%A9rier" title="François Périer">François Périer</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1968–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haing_S._Ngor" title="Haing S. Ngor">Haing S. Ngor</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Noiret" title="Philippe Noiret">Philippe Noiret</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Grant" title="Hugh Grant">Hugh Grant</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Carlyle" title="Robert Carlyle">Robert Carlyle</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Bell" title="Jamie Bell">Jamie Bell</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rourke" title="Mickey Rourke">Mickey Rourke</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dujardin" title="Jean Dujardin">Jean Dujardin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiwetel_Ejiofor" title="Chiwetel Ejiofor">Chiwetel Ejiofor</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Oldman" title="Gary Oldman">Gary Oldman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Malek" title="Rami Malek">Rami Malek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Butler" title="Austin Butler">Austin Butler</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="David_di_Donatello_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DDBF5F"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" title="Template:David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" title="Template talk:David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="David_di_Donatello_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/David_di_Donatello_for_Best_Foreign_Actor" title="David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor">David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDBF5F;width:1%">1957–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gabin" title="Jean Gabin">Jean Gabin</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a> / <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1965)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> (1966)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_O%27Neal" title="Ryan O'Neal">Ryan O'Neal</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Topol" title="Chaim Topol">Chaim Topol</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DDBF5F;width:1%">1976–1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Noiret" title="Philippe Noiret">Philippe Noiret</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone" title="Sylvester Stallone">Sylvester Stallone</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dreyfuss" title="Richard Dreyfuss">Richard Dreyfuss</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Serrault" title="Michel Serrault">Michel Serrault</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Maria_Brandauer" title="Klaus Maria Brandauer">Klaus Maria Brandauer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hulce" title="Tom Hulce">Tom Hulce</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Gordon" title="Dexter Gordon">Dexter Gordon</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Noiret" title="Philippe Noiret">Philippe Noiret</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turturro" title="John Turturro">John Turturro</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auteuil" title="Daniel Auteuil">Daniel Auteuil</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Keitel" title="Harvey Keitel">Harvey Keitel</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor">Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Porter" title="Eric Porter">Eric Porter</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol_Williamson" title="Nicol Williamson">Nicol Williamson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol_Williamson" title="Nicol Williamson">Nicol Williamson</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(English_actor)" title="John Wood (English actor)">John Wood</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sinden" title="Donald Sinden">Donald Sinden</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mitchell" title="Warren Mitchell">Warren Mitchell</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Sher" title="Antony Sher">Antony Sher</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Porter" title="Eric Porter">Eric Porter</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(English_actor)" title="John Wood (English actor)">John Wood</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dillane" title="Stephen Dillane">Stephen Dillane</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jennings" title="Alex Jennings">Alex Jennings</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheen" title="Michael Sheen">Michael Sheen</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Griffiths" title="Richard Griffiths">Richard Griffiths</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Sewell" title="Rufus Sewell">Rufus Sewell</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiwetel_Ejiofor" title="Chiwetel Ejiofor">Chiwetel Ejiofor</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Kinnear" title="Rory Kinnear">Rory Kinnear</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Lee_Miller" title="Jonny Lee Miller">Jonny Lee Miller</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lester" title="Adrian Lester">Adrian Lester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rory_Kinnear" title="Rory Kinnear">Rory Kinnear</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garfield" title="Andrew Garfield">Andrew Garfield</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scott_(actor)" title="Andrew Scott (actor)">Andrew Scott</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scott_(actor)" title="Andrew Scott (actor)">Andrew Scott</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actor_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actor Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama">Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lukas" title="Paul Lukas">Paul Lukas</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Knox" title="Alexander Knox">Alexander Knox</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Colman" title="Ronald Colman">Ronald Colman</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Franciosa" title="Anthony Franciosa">Anthony Franciosa</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Lancaster" title="Burt Lancaster">Burt Lancaster</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Schell" title="Maximilian Schell">Maximilian Schell</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Steiger" title="Rod Steiger">Rod Steiger</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Murray_Abraham" title="F. Murray Abraham">F. Murray Abraham</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Nolte" title="Nick Nolte">Nick Nolte</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fonda" title="Peter Fonda">Peter Fonda</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rourke" title="Mickey Rourke">Mickey Rourke</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bridges" title="Jeff Bridges">Jeff Bridges</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey" title="Matthew McConaughey">Matthew McConaughey</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Oldman" title="Gary Oldman">Gary Oldman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Malek" title="Rami Malek">Rami Malek</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick_Boseman" title="Chadwick Boseman">Chadwick Boseman</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Butler" title="Austin Butler">Austin Butler</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_New_Star_of_the_Year_–_Actor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_New_Star_of_the_Year_Actor" title="Template:Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_for_New_Star_of_the_Year_Actor" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_for_New_Star_of_the_Year_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_New_Star_of_the_Year_–_Actor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_New_Star_of_the_Year_%E2%80%93_Actor" title="Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor">Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Widmark" title="Richard Widmark">Richard Widmark</a> (1948)</li> <li>No Award (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Nelson" title="Gene Nelson">Gene Nelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Todd" title="Richard Todd">Richard Todd</a> (1950)</li> <li>No Award (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy_(actor)" title="Kevin McCarthy (actor)">Kevin McCarthy</a> (1952)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Egan_(actor)" title="Richard Egan (actor)">Richard Egan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Forrest_(actor)" title="Steve Forrest (actor)">Steve Forrest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_O%27Brian" title="Hugh O'Brian">Hugh O'Brian</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Adams_(actor)" title="Joe Adams (actor)">Joe Adams</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Nader" title="George Nader">George Nader</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Richards_(actor,_born_1924)" title="Jeff Richards (actor, born 1924)">Jeff Richards</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Danton" title="Ray Danton">Ray Danton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russ_Tamblyn" title="Russ Tamblyn">Russ Tamblyn</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(actor)" title="John Kerr (actor)">John Kerr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Garner" title="James Garner">James Garner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Saxon" title="John Saxon">John Saxon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wayne" title="Patrick Wayne">Patrick Wayne</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gavin" title="John Gavin">John Gavin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Dillman" title="Bradford Dillman">Bradford Dillman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Efrem_Zimbalist_Jr." title="Efrem Zimbalist Jr.">Efrem Zimbalist Jr.</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton_(actor)" title="George Hamilton (actor)">George Hamilton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Coe" title="Barry Coe">Barry Coe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Troy_Donahue" title="Troy Donahue">Troy Donahue</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Shigeta" title="James Shigeta">James Shigeta</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Callan" title="Michael Callan">Michael Callan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mark_Damon" title="Mark Damon">Mark Damon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brett_Halsey" title="Brett Halsey">Brett Halsey</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Beymer" title="Richard Beymer">Richard Beymer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Darin" title="Bobby Darin">Bobby Darin</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Dullea" title="Keir Dullea">Keir Dullea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> / <a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terence_Stamp" title="Terence Stamp">Terence Stamp</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stathis_Giallelis" title="Stathis Giallelis">Stathis Giallelis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walker_(actor,_born_1940)" title="Robert Walker (actor, born 1940)">Robert Walker</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harve_Presnell" title="Harve Presnell">Harve Presnell</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Segal" title="George Segal">George Segal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Topol" title="Chaim Topol">Topol</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farentino" title="James Farentino">James Farentino</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Whiting" title="Leonard Whiting">Leonard Whiting</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_Arnaz_Jr." title="Desi Arnaz Jr.">Desi Arnaz Jr.</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert" title="Edward Albert">Edward Albert</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Le_Mat" title="Paul Le Mat">Paul Le Mat</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bottoms" title="Joseph Bottoms">Joseph Bottoms</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Dourif" title="Brad Dourif">Brad Dourif</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> (1977)</li> <li>No Award (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Davis_(actor)" title="Brad Davis (actor)">Brad Davis</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Schroder" title="Ricky Schroder">Ricky Schroder</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Hutton" title="Timothy Hutton">Timothy Hutton</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children&#039;s_Music_Album" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Children's Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Children's Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Children's Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children&#039;s_Music_Album" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Music_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Children's Music Album">Grammy Award for Best Children's Music Album</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1958−1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Chipmunk_Song_(Christmas_Don%27t_Be_Late)" title="The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)">The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Ross_Bagdasarian" title="Ross Bagdasarian">Ross Bagdasarian Sr.</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_and_the_Wolf" title="Peter and the Wolf">Peter and the Wolf</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_All_Sing_with_The_Chipmunks" title="Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks">Let's All Sing with The Chipmunks</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ross_Bagdasarian" title="Ross Bagdasarian">Ross Bagdasarian Sr.</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_and_the_Wolf" title="Peter and the Wolf">Prokofiev: Peter and The Wolf</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_the_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival of the Animals">Saint-Saëns: Carnival of the Animals</a>/<a href="/wiki/Young_Person%27s_Guide_to_the_Orchestra" title="Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra">Britten: Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1962)</li> <li>Bernstein Conducts for Young People – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins:_Original_Cast_Soundtrack" title="Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack">Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dick_Van_Dyke" title="Dick Van Dyke">Dick Van Dyke</a> & <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Dr. Seuss</a> Presents: "Fox in Sox" and "<a href="/wiki/Green_Eggs_and_Ham" title="Green Eggs and Ham">Green Eggs and Ham</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Miller_(actor)" title="Marvin Miller (actor)">Marvin Miller</a> (1965)</li> <li>Dr. Seuss Presents - "If I Ran the Zoo" and "Sleep Book" – <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Miller_(actor)" title="Marvin Miller (actor)">Marvin Miller</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas!_(TV_special)" title="How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)">Dr. Seuss: How The Grinch Stole Christmas</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boris_Karloff" title="Boris Karloff">Boris Karloff</a> (1967)</li> <li>No Award (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mommy" title="Peter, Paul and Mommy">Peter, Paul and Mommy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Cooney</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Z._Shepard" title="Thomas Z. Shepard">Thomas Z. Shepard</a> (producers) (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby_Talks_to_Kids_About_Drugs" title="Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs">Bill Cosby Talks to Kids About Drugs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Company" title="The Electric Company">The Electric Company</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street_discography" title="Sesame Street discography">Sesame Street Live!</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Raposo" title="Joe Raposo">Joe Raposo</a> (producer) (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_and_Tigger_Too" title="Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too">Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Winchell" title="Paul Winchell">Paul Winchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Cabot_(actor)" title="Sebastian Cabot (actor)">Sebastian Cabot</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Holloway" title="Sterling Holloway">Sterling Holloway</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1975−1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Little Prince – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev" title="Sergei Prokofiev">Prokofiev</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_and_the_Wolf" title="Peter and the Wolf">Peter and the Wolf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Saint-Saëns</a>: "<a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_the_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnival of the Animals">Carnival of the Animals</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Hermione_Gingold" title="Hermione Gingold">Hermione Gingold</a> & <a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm">Karl Böhm</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aren%27t_You_Glad_You%27re_You%3F_(album)" title="Aren't You Glad You're You? (album)">Aren't You Glad You're You</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cerf_(producer)" title="Christopher Cerf (producer)">Christopher Cerf</a> & Jim Timmens (producers) (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Show_(album)" title="The Muppet Show (album)">The Muppet Show</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> (producer) (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Movie_(soundtrack)" title="The Muppet Movie (soundtrack)">The Muppet Movie</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paul_Williams_(songwriter)" title="Paul Williams (songwriter)">Paul Williams</a> (producers) (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Harmony_(compilation_albums)" title="In Harmony (compilation albums)">In Harmony: A Sesame Street Record</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Levine" title="David Levine">David Levine</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Simon" title="Lucy Simon">Lucy Simon</a> (producers) (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street_discography" title="Sesame Street discography">Sesame Country</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> & Dennis Scott (producers) (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Harmony_(compilation_albums)" title="In Harmony (compilation albums)">In Harmony 2</a> – David Levine & <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Simon" title="Lucy Simon">Lucy Simon</a> (producers) (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial_(album)" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (album)">E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> (producer) (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_the_Sidewalk_Ends" title="Where the Sidewalk Ends">Where the Sidewalk Ends</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shel_Silverstein" title="Shel Silverstein">Shel Silverstein</a> and Ron Haffkine (producer) (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street_Presents:_Follow_That_Bird" title="Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird">Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Steve_Buckingham_(record_producer)" title="Steve Buckingham (record producer)">Steve Buckingham</a> (producers) (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street_discography" title="Sesame Street discography">The Alphabet</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a>, Geri Van Rees & Kathryn King (producers) (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories">The Elephant's Child</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bobby_McFerrin" title="Bobby McFerrin">Bobby McFerrin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_Bill" title="Pecos Bill">Pecos Bill</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ry_Cooder" title="Ry Cooder">Ry Cooder</a> (1988)</li> <li>The Rock-A-Bye Collection, Volume 1 – Tanya Goodman (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Mermaid_(1989_soundtrack)" title="The Little Mermaid (1989 soundtrack)">The Little Mermaid: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (songwriters) (1990)</li> <li>A Cappella Kids – Clifford "Barney" Robertson (producer) (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1991_soundtrack)" title="Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)">Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a> & <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (songwriters) (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2011−present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>All About Bullies... Big and Small – Gloria Domina, James Cravero, Kevin Mackie, Patrick Robinson & Steve Pullara (producers) (2011)</li> <li>Can You Canoe? – The Okee Dokee Brothers (2012)</li> <li>Throw a Penny in the Wishing Well – <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Gasoi" title="Jennifer Gasoi">Jennifer Gasoi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Malala" title="I Am Malala">I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World</a> – Neela Vaswani (2014)</li> <li>Home – <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kubart" title="Tim Kubart">Tim Kubart</a> (2015)</li> <li>Infinity Plus One – <a href="/wiki/Secret_Agent_23_Skidoo" title="Secret Agent 23 Skidoo">Secret Agent 23 Skidoo</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feel_What_U_Feel" title="Feel What U Feel">Feel What U Feel</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Loeb" title="Lisa Loeb">Lisa Loeb</a> (2017)</li> <li>All the Sounds – Lucy Kalantari & The Jazz Cats (2018)</li> <li>Ageless Songs for the Child Archetype – Jon Samson (2019)</li> <li>All the Ladies – <a href="/wiki/Joanie_Leeds" title="Joanie Leeds">Joanie Leeds</a> (2020)</li> <li>A Colorful World − <a href="/wiki/Falu" title="Falu">Falu</a> (2021)</li> <li>The Movement – Alphabet Rockers (2022)</li> <li>We Grow Together Preschool Songs – <a href="/wiki/123_Andr%C3%A9s" title="123 Andrés">123 Andrés</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><div>From 1993–2010, the category was split into <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children" title="Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children">Best Musical Album for Children</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album_for_Children" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children">Best Spoken Word Album for Children</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Special_Tony_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_Tony_Award" title="Template talk:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_Tony_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special Tony Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Special_Tony_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Special_Tony_Award" title="Special Tony Award">Special Tony Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Chamberlain" title="Dora Chamberlain">Dora Chamberlain</a> / Ira and Rita Katzenberg / <a href="/wiki/Jules_Leventhal" title="Jules Leventhal">Jules Leventhal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Burns_Mantle" title="Burns Mantle">Burns Mantle</a> / P. A. MacDonald / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Sardi_Sr." title="Vincent Sardi Sr.">Vincent Sardi Sr.</a> (1947)</li> <li>Vera Allen / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Beisman" title="Paul Beisman">Paul Beisman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_E._Brown" title="Joe E. Brown">Joe E. Brown</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest" title="The Importance of Being Earnest">The Importance of Being Earnest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Dowling" title="Robert W. Dowling">Robert W. Dowling</a> / Experimental Theatre Inc. / Rosalind Gilder / <a href="/wiki/June_Lockhart" title="June Lockhart">June Lockhart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Pierce_(backstage_doorman)" title="George Pierce (backstage doorman)">George Pierce</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1948)</li> <li>No award (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a> / Philip Faversham / <a href="/wiki/Brock_Pemberton" title="Brock Pemberton">Brock Pemberton</a> (1950)</li> <li>Ruth Green (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kook" title="Edward Kook">Edward Kook</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Lillie" title="Beatrice Lillie">Beatrice Lillie</a> (1953)</li> <li>No award (1954)</li> <li>Proscenium Productions (1955)</li> <li>Fourth Street Chekov Theatre / <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">City Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">The New York Public Library Theatre Collection</a> / The Shakespearewrights / <a href="/wiki/The_Threepenny_Opera" title="The Threepenny Opera">The Threepenny Opera</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="American Shakespeare Theatre">American Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Barrault" title="Jean-Louis Barrault">Jean-Louis Barrault</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willie_Hammerstein" title="Willie Hammerstein">William Hammerstein</a> / Joseph Harbuck / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Shyre" title="Paul Shyre">Paul Shyre</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Heims_Beck" title="Louise Heims Beck">Mrs. Martin Beck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russel_Crouse" title="Russel Crouse">Russel Crouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Lindsay" title="Howard Lindsay">Howard Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> / Cast of <a href="/wiki/La_Plume_de_Ma_Tante" title="La Plume de Ma Tante">La Plume de Ma Tante</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Meredith" title="Burgess Meredith">Burgess Meredith</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Thurber" title="James Thurber">James Thurber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Atkinson" title="Brooks Atkinson">Brooks Atkinson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._McNeil_Lowry" title="W. McNeil Lowry">W. McNeil Lowry</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Miller" title="Gilbert Miller">Gilbert Miller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smith_(designer)" title="Oliver Smith (designer)">Oliver Smith</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Menken" title="Helen Menken">Helen Menken</a> (1966)</li> <li>No award (1967)</li> <li>APA-Phoenix Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Merrick" title="David Merrick">David Merrick</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">The National Theatre Company of Great Britain</a> / The <a href="/wiki/Negro_Ensemble_Company" title="Negro Ensemble Company">Negro Ensemble Company</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">New York Shakespeare Festival</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> (1970)</li> <li>Ingram Ash / <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Norton" title="Elliot Norton">Elliot Norton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Playbill" title="Playbill">Playbill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild" title="Theatre Guild">The Theatre Guild</a>-American Theatre Society (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Shubert_Organization" title="The Shubert Organization">Shubert Organization</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/A_Moon_for_the_Misbegotten" title="A Moon for the Misbegotten">A Moon for the Misbegotten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Candide_(operetta)" title="Candide (operetta)">Candide</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> / Harold Friedlander / <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liza_Minnelli" title="Liza Minnelli">Liza Minnelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Development_Fund" title="Theatre Development Fund">Theatre Development Fund</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Wharton_(lawyer)" title="John F. Wharton (lawyer)">John F. Wharton</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hirschfeld" title="Al Hirschfeld">Al Hirschfeld</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square Theatre</a> / Thomas H. Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Pincus" title="Mathilde Pincus">Mathilde Pincus</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Crawford" title="Cheryl Crawford">Cheryl Crawford</a> / Equity Liberty Theatre / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Manilow" title="Barry Manilow">Barry Manilow</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_the_Deaf" title="National Theatre of the Deaf">National Theatre of the Deaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross" title="Diana Ross">Diana Ross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Dragoti" title="Stan Dragoti">Stan Dragoti</a> and Charles Moss (1978)</li> <li>Walter F. Diehl / <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theater_Center" title="Eugene O'Neill Theater Center">Eugene O'Neill Memorial Theater Center</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> (1979)</li> <li>Richard Fitzgerald / <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> / Hobe Morrison (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Community_Fund" title="Entertainment Community Fund">The Actors Fund of America</a> / <a href="/wiki/WarnerMedia" title="WarnerMedia">Warner Communications</a> (1982)</li> <li>No award (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Chorus_Line" title="A Chorus Line">A Chorus Line</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Feller" title="Peter Feller">Peter Feller</a> / La Tragedie de Carmen (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Council_on_the_Arts" title="New York State Council on the Arts">New York State Council on the Arts</a> (1985)</li> <li>No award (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Mason" title="Jackie Mason">Jackie Mason</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Academy_of_Music" title="Brooklyn Academy of Music">Brooklyn Academy of Music</a> (1988)</li> <li>No award (1989)</li> <li>No award (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma!" title="Oklahoma!">Oklahoma!</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Harvey Sabinson (1995)</li> <li>No award (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard B. Jacobs">Bernard B. Jacobs</a> (1997)</li> <li>Edward E. Colton / Ben Edwards (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta_Hagen" title="Uta Hagen">Uta Hagen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> / Isabelle Stevenson (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame_Edna_Everage#2000–2009" title="Dame Edna Everage">Dame Edna: The Royal Tour</a> / T. Edward Hambleton (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gemignani" title="Paul Gemignani">Paul Gemignani</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> / Robert Whitehead (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cy_Feuer" title="Cy Feuer">Cy Feuer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a>' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Nederlander" title="James M. Nederlander">James M. Nederlander</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jones_(stage_actress)" title="Sarah Jones (stage actress)">Sarah Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (2006)</li> <li>No award (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Herman" title="Jerry Herman">Jerry Herman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marian_Seldes" title="Marian Seldes">Marian Seldes</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athol_Fugard" title="Athol Fugard">Athol Fugard</a> / Philip J. Smith (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jackman" title="Hugh Jackman">Hugh Jackman</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gersten" title="Bernard Gersten">Bernard Gersten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ming_Cho_Lee" title="Ming Cho Lee">Ming Cho Lee</a> / Paul Libin (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Greenwood" title="Jane Greenwood">Jane Greenwood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cameron_Mitchell" title="John Cameron Mitchell">John Cameron Mitchell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Harnick" title="Sheldon Harnick">Sheldon Harnick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Mason" title="Marshall W. Mason">Marshall W. Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> / Miles Wilkin (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leguizamo" title="John Leguizamo">John Leguizamo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chita_Rivera" title="Chita Rivera">Chita Rivera</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Harris" title="Rosemary Harris">Rosemary Harris</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marin_Mazzie" title="Marin Mazzie">Marin Mazzie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terrence_McNally" title="Terrence McNally">Terrence McNally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Tilders" title="Sonny Tilders">Sonny Tilders</a> and Creature Technology Company / Jason Michael Webb / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wheeler_(musician)" title="Harold Wheeler (musician)">Harold Wheeler</a> (2019)</li> <li>The Broadway Advocacy Coalition / <a href="/wiki/David_Byrne" title="David Byrne">David Byrne's</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Utopia_(film)" title="American Utopia (film)">American Utopia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Freestyle_Love_Supreme" title="Freestyle Love Supreme">Freestyle Love Supreme</a> / <a href="/wiki/Graciela_Daniele" title="Graciela Daniele">Graciela Daniele</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_C._Nicola" title="James C. Nicola">James C. Nicola</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Grey" title="Joel Grey">Joel Grey</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Edelman" title="Alex Edelman">Alex Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abe_Jacob" title="Abe Jacob">Abe Jacob</a> / Nikiya Mathis / <a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_C._Wolfe" title="George C. Wolfe">George C. Wolfe</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tony_Award_for_Best_Leading_Actor_in_a_Musical" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TonyAward_MusicalLeadActor" title="Template:TonyAward MusicalLeadActor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TonyAward_MusicalLeadActor" title="Template talk:TonyAward MusicalLeadActor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward_MusicalLeadActor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward MusicalLeadActor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tony_Award_for_Best_Leading_Actor_in_a_Musical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical">Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1948–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hartman" title="Paul Hartman">Paul Hartman</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bolger" title="Ray Bolger">Ray Bolger</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezio_Pinza" title="Ezio Pinza">Ezio Pinza</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alda" title="Robert Alda">Robert Alda</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Silvers" title="Phil Silvers">Phil Silvers</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Thomas Mitchell (actor)">Thomas Mitchell</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Drake" title="Alfred Drake">Alfred Drake</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Slezak" title="Walter Slezak">Walter Slezak</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Walston" title="Ray Walston">Ray Walston</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Preston_(actor)" title="Robert Preston (actor)">Robert Preston</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiley" title="Richard Kiley">Richard Kiley</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a> (1960)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Burton</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morse" title="Robert Morse">Robert Morse</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel">Zero Mostel</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Lahr" title="Bert Lahr">Bert Lahr</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel">Zero Mostel</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiley" title="Richard Kiley">Richard Kiley</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Preston_(actor)" title="Robert Preston (actor)">Robert Preston</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Goulet" title="Robert Goulet">Robert Goulet</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Orbach" title="Jerry Orbach">Jerry Orbach</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleavon_Little" title="Cleavon Little">Cleavon Little</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Linden" title="Hal Linden">Hal Linden</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Silvers" title="Phil Silvers">Phil Silvers</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Vereen" title="Ben Vereen">Ben Vereen</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cullum" title="John Cullum">John Cullum</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Rose_(actor)" title="George Rose (actor)">George Rose</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bostwick" title="Barry Bostwick">Barry Bostwick</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cullum" title="John Cullum">John Cullum</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Cariou" title="Len Cariou">Len Cariou</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dale" title="Jim Dale">Jim Dale</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kline" title="Kevin Kline">Kevin Kline</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Harney_(actor)" title="Ben Harney (actor)">Ben Harney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hearn" title="George Hearn">George Hearn</a> (1984)</li> <li>No Award (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rose_(actor)" title="George Rose (actor)">George Rose</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lindsay_(actor)" title="Robert Lindsay (actor)">Robert Lindsay</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crawford" title="Michael Crawford">Michael Crawford</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Alexander" title="Jason Alexander">Jason Alexander</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Naughton" title="James Naughton">James Naughton</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pryce" title="Jonathan Pryce">Jonathan Pryce</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Hines" title="Gregory Hines">Gregory Hines</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Carver" title="Brent Carver">Brent Carver</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Gaines" title="Boyd Gaines">Boyd Gaines</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Broderick" title="Matthew Broderick">Matthew Broderick</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Naughton" title="James Naughton">James Naughton</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cumming" title="Alan Cumming">Alan Cumming</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Short" title="Martin Short">Martin Short</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stokes_Mitchell" title="Brian Stokes Mitchell">Brian Stokes Mitchell</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lithgow" title="John Lithgow">John Lithgow</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fierstein" title="Harvey Fierstein">Harvey Fierstein</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jackman" title="Hugh Jackman">Hugh Jackman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Leo_Butz" title="Norbert Leo Butz">Norbert Leo Butz</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Young" title="John Lloyd Young">John Lloyd Young</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hyde_Pierce" title="David Hyde Pierce">David Hyde Pierce</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Szot" title="Paulo Szot">Paulo Szot</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Alvarez_(actor)" title="David Alvarez (actor)">David Alvarez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trent_Kowalik" title="Trent Kowalik">Trent Kowalik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kiril_Kulish" title="Kiril Kulish">Kiril Kulish</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hodge" title="Douglas Hodge">Douglas Hodge</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Leo_Butz" title="Norbert Leo Butz">Norbert Leo Butz</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Kazee" title="Steve Kazee">Steve Kazee</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Porter (actor)">Billy Porter</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Patrick_Harris" title="Neil Patrick Harris">Neil Patrick Harris</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cerveris" title="Michael Cerveris">Michael Cerveris</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Odom_Jr." title="Leslie Odom Jr.">Leslie Odom Jr.</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Platt" title="Ben Platt">Ben Platt</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Shalhoub" title="Tony Shalhoub">Tony Shalhoub</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santino_Fontana" title="Santino Fontana">Santino Fontana</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Tveit" title="Aaron Tveit">Aaron Tveit</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Frost" title="Myles Frost">Myles Frost</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Harrison_Ghee" title="J. Harrison Ghee">J. Harrison Ghee</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Groff" title="Jonathan Groff">Jonathan Groff</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151973#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151973#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151973#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368546942">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010876998X">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19864718">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/16306/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm4XKf4ymjwhFFkpjwXBP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11851783X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50047800">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13892004p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13892004p">BnF data</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V388896">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an40011101">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002158070&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1126718">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070360286">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90823269">Norway</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5003288">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000099618&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201229097">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp3581t95g4x4gg">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810649464005606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007301981105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511722206706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03129590?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/1684adc5-882b-42f2-bd26-bd33cefe0640">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/richard-burton/7379">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/798034">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11851783X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11851783X">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027799093">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/40508318">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63w07b3">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Burton&oldid=1259224108">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Burton&oldid=1259224108</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Richard_Burton" title="Category:Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1925_births" title="Category:1925 births">1925 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1984_deaths" title="Category:1984 deaths">1984 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th_Century_Studios_contract_players" title="Category:20th Century Studios contract players">20th Century Studios contract players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_actors" title="Category:20th-century American male actors">20th-century American male actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Welsh_male_actors" title="Category:20th-century Welsh male actors">20th-century Welsh male actors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Welsh_diarists" title="Category:20th-century Welsh diarists">20th-century Welsh diarists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_atheists" title="Category:20th-century atheists">20th-century atheists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Welsh_LGBTQ_people" title="Category:20th-century Welsh LGBTQ people">20th-century Welsh 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