CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e3e54cf0473f',cH: 'AG_id5MNYjXovWnFJYsOfWbAmuANvs0yyI45292XzV8-1739786005-1.2.1.1-m4oTKcDwMnevvvGjqX0.HqFWs7dtFUwoG92EuZTBE6Cwv62.nE.asV9gymQKjU8d',cUPMDTk: "\/10006516\/json?__cf_chl_tk=ftkKEDaInQrymBuKHS2kQoUABCf4RFbfHVh86mYPB2A-1739786005-1.0.1.1-rmdjFchEYOD.z00EjiLMz5hgCkbObOR2YfLARPlZDS4",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786005',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10006516\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=ftkKEDaInQrymBuKHS2kQoUABCf4RFbfHVh86mYPB2A-1739786005-1.0.1.1-rmdjFchEYOD.z00EjiLMz5hgCkbObOR2YfLARPlZDS4",md: "g0JEHI3j24pc_co.5GqiHMPAcmW7xZw9rrN7mGynM0o-1739786005-1.2.1.1-Zg99maKa4rRJXzpFqLVLOrycr73tVz4VH7JNK1ZDh3CGrLL.mBMyCJ85bnr9sxZzRLuwfCiq.KMS4YXkLxsIGQklITxUb1U25S0pFGAY77uQH_nEYMKnoBv6mPSRjaHAfbXXjwuJ5IoIbmyj_Jqk68jWZffg_B6rmiaRRQgnziTwA8Pq_uWlDKaUM563NEwKs9wrNIlJPu.zNTElP2dBv0QzkvYWbH9g7sQOIblSVuW9rbeVlroJpKcGuuwt857bRC7TgfttSmP2Y.9WE4gNEyYrbjRyxLiDFQoZ7T.2nnqTeSDMxHJj93p00CNWxx0_JDA87qPQowFQvZ5N.tYWw5SBXZ2TwelhuAZE_bB1lboeCwZ7TzUN5OL_Xi3MWpoWZxJfsIki7hs0318P9Dxa9ShoMC9EP.xNYw10rzdQfUeHZadcxnKnp3LWF7DrLd3u8pJ4ER5Y2ORNfkR7rdml4RWoH3GOWB3a.a7Zb6c6PG_.Sz0Ub89gOYK6V_Tp9itr0Cpq_NfwbjUOCmidZuZlsxAA.6RxG8KbXRPR02JqMzdS70zq03gBFvl96n9Tm_wyfurF1SrVGqNOr6HRsBDEU8MUiDB5s5I3vpSiArSEws4ycqOftBGGlsHHEYMQG1_riwJ9j.j4nb1RyaHztP4h9K08fwgDDcCNRwGIeIGAZlBdZGXFA2GjtCGklWOJLkX97B1fmw0xOkDolOpJPgE3jyInTphSkr6c7yOVaFPS5zo3SGqHaqX9jaGSVvpQGSimnzhglZv9f9mQhde_qGTrFawvPqEydTkBj9R8uHNbefJ5CNBiSHUolgRrIwFmVESdXLoug5yJaBnWJzqujUz22PW.f0hlisGXkTxxt1Wjd1QeV.R7Hlxb3R.nikN7QOhtXKIx_vTwZ7xCWxwqBXK8SRSlnGovLJDx5HtD8spKjSTnVJcD9m.bo36qImA8u_SG2.JXXSzfN.cbCZVpkjfMGcON24zzOaPZVkaIgMAIai0ZM8jexJBlhmBK7AEuffkk1TFWHCE9Y0I7EMRjInt.q.dyVMUbEZp2hk7JKXaLTOKlnBpHwSJLNs6G_SJEu4EECavVKmQs2KoxsQXey0lqFGYgY8CH2TlzHC.RlD_UEWcYIqDAtTcSoz5y0.F48qroAeTmmByBmH6fzzGmNO2YdSzyCR4U21rbh5ZC3dE2TwAmrzMGt3NmiBIh4b2OWuPKDpy3vmHSZtCwYZHQnqC7It3cxPD0wIOK7sQgbKbbY4Izyf459jJk3twraOPKs78EWJb0.F0T01qmCQjkSTI1SX2164VtN2KxnVVrnybM8fflDBXWr_DDbBBTVAwbh98_vaGyGCO2X27k4tJmhFqoxuL6oIPfR0OzJM8xsmpnNKBEk.G7TzrbzkFa29G3bRZQFsxET9IznDuN8ptpZTa1oiPgw0cttuEJjQG0wzJ2Yv47PvfgUqXAPxqmp9xgBw7zgXV3kWs4uK2hlaWWdpaMOtmS1evG54TCYZ5qRAzrxmx.odZ9e8Kk3hNqreYUAFWUPPNvFiCI3jzATu5w6RXf3ssCVO5L7nmiDcnhH0vKaDYrMr40OUJkLTDhDeX1oEE470MX3o.0YOIkZqkqL.3N6JpxZQ4fpdqswWMf1THdMFLMpNAeQWEYIC69OfIX9AjFHrUVhY5E7.Q6aqcfa0K5OgYw3KI__sGIDz8J9sqQeFREsL7IuhrCMVVp7go_fry79kw8g9o7W2un6c_cYUPaS5NwRi62HBcTGuvOmXUvRrP0HZiMUWyI059X9UGZHoCU4FOedGyme1YvGpLMdxUyYEJX7_oomoS1vEIobAdVamAXbdF9P5Kx_16vkZjbVDHE5quwl4ygrLybBHxf_y8LuUwU_UeQT22odg0WgnT1vQo",mdrd: "GxEMCZCiz68ia0UKBSwfn0mw4uNB1AmdPfybeLMpBoA-1739786005-1.2.1.1-FkJa6c32pEFtAl_ZDM0CMJbTlR6vh6BySKn4MAEMsfB.occMVEPLB9zlEjbCalPPGVgw4FQcr6NISaMcbfulb35lC8IczMqAAL.xt6myzrkbgcB93csBUxneftgx.gGM3fnrnivIki1Yczn5cglBNUQpgGMTtnfHRapFlhzcGZEUgk4nzhRnBuS5zef4EoOWVFJTRA.WcnMxjYKrNgxvhaS.jk6j14rv5vGMET0aCjxa7ZWQkTC32yWxPVZkyFhnPqHFsZg5FWKLiXykJd4RiliIzpEAw0ryYzj8UQ5ZBUV_ORJ1fOtPxcWD7yYsyg1PTkGTlnCYiUF_5q_HmrUB3T5LNRBMgp9ihEHmnKx11pNrV3czIKQZmArLEbXL0nMJajN_G_TySEiyPKuAixjFp0vGP8LPwLFnxtP3aYBiOXHEzh9oVdFoAjFCko7lV6V6SsJb2Gx4Rfto7kWm3qC6j8unXGESj3XKRvr7Rypigs8B3LBQ86v8XN4L28Kr..17NcRSQp418QqJz.wPjf3zFiqrJ1DLDshLau7pIQREnWMgQr.xRq.V.hrxLqL4QTW1yT3uGPyEvOcdrl1oLZPsKV8SbfbBk59KIMcKXAMUnmUqjnAvV3VkIgLpx.ct8JCne9Hx5rbcpHMV2jQuAoF5ju6YIBIQZeApIj3G9debTSgfOS8zxfPjcQuy2uQbP596WOB1IpkYUYaeCqBd8XnRy.dtbLFjp5dP0LSxOFrbqwuzzGgbZUqgqSGE1RB963atmRdxP6SC72Zn.IBf0ai91Nqeb05v8Vffylk8.5eXD7FnE4_CA3VxGlWdk9w3RSMC927uMob5XBtHg7DN3iKRrFe4DBz10oQdHQgaoVuNvi.9Og4uxvXQoqss908sqPoRRgprLt86JWIJpC43iBVqyxrVrU3PqGmamZLAGyhxH8yrdd6hB23eHEifKAc02UHFlnlTwt_t9PAnQgi6Mxr3LlIs.._VSGlEgxEwShDxMqut8owmzExNnuSlfO5B1lDYIxcSfYR.eFOlp9Hz8HPx8T9v2kGuz3NByidMf8rJq2hghx3T1SWM7lpb1b8BeezO3722JoQRgmox0XUlX4scJcq0edoFiu6uAyN6g16cDqiGv4hbdhwDyUUvrwYGxjc8wJxD3dIxigibskkymmoKZvDMgNOkXBmAeCVSI9ozOgJWCdnnuuma5YrRO4_2_iOZe9UcLcevVVCiTSejjXkORhZ6N9zlTY4UTAR0vLztRdmlhgzQ1t0Z2ERJkeksMt3xlMRxRhzaifAX6Y6YEbqU0du6MZoNz5jmXwfDajojleWmSfC.za9i1hvDbfC_7.8XfAQWBawXKVbinirt_i_tMf6URXz356C6QBjTSWHugKCTUxQYESKXOrEALZrSzRPyVUYZSADUMCItwljtIcA9zHsBbRPfY8Tqk5qWpBkp80vPS7E1x6hSpmFm5R4GvoOTHW2pX0FYQyiW05LTuFVwcungAlS2DYuL_BQkcIc8PHnXrChQA0RXS8IgcquCPzDovFo2JRO8NswqwWdfCYmKKb70XmUvVbnymgKbNUy00kqCSahXx160z1.6UX0OcZxUjPv6jtjXEp5U9jBZhy4pufq00HUKXQ_5pmfibYPK.sfSWgilq_2XPiQ2uEPPjvpzazGeFO7eMqVEX1XSQpkDjResoatoHg86c2uqh.AJr3kPsAk3cR0p.5q8nQGyJ3KhDT_2iwx7jv5iS129A25xOLbEruAmpz9p6rb2lnhwCQ6o1_XB0TEzvZZ3kTqXYOftPDJItzmNcKvu6gDZE2H8IJago2iFvp9cENXLkVkadR5MMVQxNAYJGobC1Cb3T2HhmDkGsmU6h45CzN.Oui5U2CNVgr_ys8d2bxP.9ANy.vXIehegyq0TgilJZihkPzZa2.DfVdDsumrfLaCF7mCvG8Eo.P6NHQwhG7aoBQliQBJUtCazSjFX4ySL.5h9LKIF"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e3e54cf0473f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10006516\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ftkKEDaInQrymBuKHS2kQoUABCf4RFbfHVh86mYPB2A-1739786005-1.0.1.1-rmdjFchEYOD.z00EjiLMz5hgCkbObOR2YfLARPlZDS4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>