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function(e,t,n){t&&u(e.prototype,t),n&&u(e,n)}(e,[{key:"init",value:function(e,t){var n=0<arguments.length&&void 0!==e?e:"fi",r=1<arguments.length?t:void 0;this.searchForm=document.querySelector(i.Selectors.search.form),this.input=document.querySelector(i.Selectors.autocomplete.input),this.searchSubmit=document.querySelector(i.Selectors.search.submit),this.addSearchSubmitListeners(),void 0===r?this.autocomplete(function(e){var t=new a.Autocomplete(e);return{setCursorObserver:function(e){return t.setCursorObserver(e)},eventListeners:{keyup:function(e){return t.onInputChange(e)},keydown:function(e){return t.onKeyEvent(e)},focus:function(e){return t.onFocus(e)},blur:function(e){return t.onBlur(e)}}}}(n)):"off"!==r&&this.autocomplete(r)}},{key:"addSearchSubmitListeners",value:function(){var t=this;this.searchSubmit.addEventListener("mousedown",function(e){t.input.value||(e.preventDefault(),t.input.focus())}),this.searchSubmit.addEventListener("touchend",function(){""!==t.input.value&&t.searchForm.submit()}),this.searchForm.addEventListener("submit",function(e){t.input.value||e.preventDefault()})}},{key:"autocomplete",value:function(e){this.searchContainer=document.querySelector(i.Selectors.search.container),this.addSearchInputFocusListeners(),this.addInputEventListeners(e.eventListeners),this.addCloseSearchListeners(e.resultsContainerSelector)}},{key:"addInputEventListeners",value:function(t){var 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function(e){document.querySelector(".yle-header-tunnus-login").addEventListener("click",s(e.logIn,"header-tunnus-login-click")),document.querySelector(".yle-header-tunnus-menu-select-logout").addEventListener("click",s(e.logOut,"header-tunnus-logout-click")),document.querySelector(".yle-header-tunnus-menu-open").addEventListener("click",u),document.querySelector("body").addEventListener("click",o)}(e),function(e){e.state.subscribe(function(e){e.loggedIn?function(e){(function(e){var t=document.querySelector(".yle-header-action-open-tunnus-menu .initials");t.innerHTML=e;var n="".concat(e," 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dYurVp"></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridRow-sc-15162af-1 ArticlePage__ArticleRow-sc-1sk1ppm-2 xJCCA"><div class="ArticlePage__ArticlePageMainColumn-sc-1sk1ppm-0 hwVvD"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ArticlePage__ArticleGridCell-sc-1sk1ppm-1 glQKzU auYeu"><article class="sc-crHmcD juSxAh yle__article" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" itemscope=""><div class="yle__article__header"><div class="sc-igXgud jmYlCu"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-217218" class="sc-JkixQ bWSwDr">pandemiat</a></div><h1 class="sc-hGPBjI kUZNJC yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--1" itemprop="headline">Tutkimus: Jo ihmiskunnan ensimmäinen pandemia 1 500 vuotta sitten vaati poikkeuksellisia lakeja</h1><p class="sc-egiyK sc-gHjyzD ektcFN fmwojC yle__article__paragraph">Voimme oppia tavoista, joilla uppo-outoon kulkutautiin reagoitiin 500-luvulla, sanoo historioitsija Peter Sarris. Hänen mukaansa Justinianuksen rutto vaikutti yhteiskuntiin paljon luultua syvemmin. </p><figure class="sc-llYSUQ ehrLkk yle__article__figure" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Photograph"><div itemprop="image" class="sc-iJKOTD eGIsyY"><button class="sc-bYoBSM dKEKqe"><img alt="Valtikkaa pitelevä keisari valtaistuimella puhumassa seitsemälle edessään seisovalle kuulijalle. " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_1200,h_742,ar_1.6176935,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/13-3-12207178" class="sc-ezbkAF fmGXHP"/></button></div><figcaption class="sc-cxpSdN pTDts"><span itemprop="description">Vuosina 482–565 elänyt keisari Justinianus luennoimassa laeistaan 1200-luvun tuntemattoman taiteilijan työssä. Justinianuksen kerrotaan saaneen itsekin nimikkoruttonsa tartunnan. </span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder"> Kuva: Kharbine-Tapabor / AOP</span></figcaption></figure><div class="sc-jvvksu qrfSU"><span><span itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author"><span itemprop="name" class="sc-bSqaIl dHDBbk">Anniina Wallius</span></span></span></div><div class="sc-JEhMO eSjGcE"><div class="sc-itWPBs cjBBhP yle__article__date"><time class="sc-dcgwPl emyLKs yle__article__date--published" datetime="2021-11-28T17:00:32+02:00" itemprop="datePublished">28.11. 17:00</time></div><div class="sc-fydGpi fXFxij"><button class="sc-dkQkyq cHhkuI" size="24" aria-label="Jaa artikkeli"><svg aria-label="" fill="#000000" height="24" role="img" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24"><path d="M12.7071 2.29289C12.3166 1.90237 11.6834 1.90237 11.2929 2.29289L6.29289 7.29289C5.90237 7.68342 5.90237 8.31658 6.29289 8.70711C6.68342 9.09763 7.31658 9.09763 7.70711 8.70711L11 5.41421V15C11 15.5523 11.4477 16 12 16C12.5523 16 13 15.5523 13 15V5.41421L16.2929 8.70711C16.6834 9.09763 17.3166 9.09763 17.7071 8.70711C18.0976 8.31658 18.0976 7.68342 17.7071 7.29289L12.7071 2.29289ZM4 15C4 14.4477 3.55228 14 3 14C2.44772 14 2 14.4477 2 15V19C2 19.7956 2.31608 20.5587 2.87866 21.1213C3.44128 21.684 4.20437 22 5 22H19C19.7956 22 20.5587 21.6839 21.1213 21.1213C21.6839 20.5587 22 19.7956 22 19V15C22 14.4477 21.5523 14 21 14C20.4477 14 20 14.4477 20 15V19C20 19.2652 19.8947 19.5195 19.7071 19.7071C19.5195 19.8947 19.2652 20 19 20H5C4.73477 20 4.48043 19.8946 4.29292 19.7071C4.10534 19.5195 4 19.2652 4 19V15Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div><div class="yle__article__content"><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Maailmaa koetteli puolitoista vuosituhatta sitten tauti, jota kutsutaan historian ensimmäiseksi pandemiaksi. Paiserutto aiheutti epidemioita jokseenkin koko tuolloin tunnetussa maailmassa.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Justinianuksen ruttoon arvioidaan kuolleen neljännes tai jopa puolet Välimeren itälaidan väestöstä. Pieninkin arvio koko maailman menettämästä väestä on kymmenen prosenttia.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Silti monet tutkijat ovat alkaneet olla sitä mieltä, että Justinianuksen ruton yhteiskunnalliset vaikutukset olivat enimmäkseen vain nykyisten influenssojen luokkaa.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Brittiläisen <a class="sc-ksdxgE gcZyIr yle__article__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/justinianic-plague-was-nothing-like-flu-and-may-have-hit-england-before-constantinople" target="_blank">Cambridgen yliopiston<span class="sc-hBUSln ewhlPk"> (siirryt toiseen palveluun)</span></a> historian professorin <strong class="sc-fotOHu igjdiw yle__article__strong">Peter Sarrisin</strong> tuoreen tutkimuksen mukaan ruton vaikutukset yhteiskuntiin olivat hyvin ankarat, kun niitä tarkastelee riittävän monesta näkökulmasta.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Jos muinoin levinneiden tautien laajuus ja seuraukset todella halutaan selvittää, on välttämätöntä, että historioitsijat ja arkeologit tekevät yhteistyötä geneetikkojen ja ympäristötutkijoiden kanssa, Sarris summaa <a class="sc-ksdxgE gcZyIr yle__article__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://academic.oup.com/past/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pastj/gtab024/6427314" target="_blank">Past & Present<span class="sc-hBUSln ewhlPk"> (siirryt toiseen palveluun)</span></a> -lehdessä julkaistussa tutkimuksessaan.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">– Jotkut historioitsijat suhtautuvat suorastaan vihamielisesti siihen ajatukseen, että taudeilla olisi voinut olla ratkaiseva merkitys ihmisyhteisöjen kehityksessä. "Ruttoskeptisismi" on vallannut viime vuosina paljon alaa, Sarris sanoo.</p></div><div><aside class="sc-cTAqQK czaoHe yle__article__aside"><div class="sc-jObWnj faymHW"><h4 class="sc-fKVqWL gPMZeM yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--4">Hunnien tuomaa?</h4><figure class="sc-llYSUQ PMfCv yle__article__figure" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Photograph"><div itemprop="image" class="sc-iJKOTD kxbnPh"><button class="sc-bYoBSM dKEKqe"><img alt="Ratsumiesjoukko hyökkäämässä. Joukkoa johtaa haarniskaan pukeutunut hunnijohtaja Attila, jolla on miekka. Muilla on aseinaan myös muun muassa kirveitä ja keihäitä. " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_1200,h_571,ar_2.100616,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/13-3-12207396" class="sc-ezbkAF fmGXHP"/></button></div><figcaption class="sc-cxpSdN pTDts"><span itemprop="description">Espanjalaisen taiteilijan Ulpiano Checan 1800-luvun näkemys hunnien hyökkäyksestä. </span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder"> Kuva: History Docu Photo / AOP</span></figcaption></figure><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Bakteeri, josta kehittyi Justinianuksen ruton ja myöhemmin mustan surman aiheuttaja, tarttui ihmisiin tällä tietoa Keski-Aasiassa kivikauden ja pronssikauden vaihteessa.</p><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Silloisissa ihmisluissa on <em class="sc-fFeiMQ eLJEsh yle__article__emphasis">Yersinia pestis</em> -bakteerin sukupuun vanhan jäsenen perimää ajalta, josta kului vuosisatoja Justinianuksen ruton ilmestymiseen Itä-Roomaan, vahvistaa <a class="sc-ksdxgE gcZyIr yle__article__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0094-2?WT.feed_name=subjects_anthropology" target="_blank">Nature-lehdessä<span class="sc-hBUSln ewhlPk"> (siirryt toiseen palveluun)</span></a> kolme vuotta sitten julkaistu kansainvälinen tutkimus.</p><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Alkujaan bakteerilta puuttui kyky levitä kirppujen mukana, mutta sellainen oli jo, kun hunnit ratsastivat länteen. Heidän mukanaan kulkeutui myös rottia, rotissa kirppuja ja kirpuissa ruttobakteereja.</p><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Ensimmäisen ruttotapauksen kirjasi itäroomalainen historioitsija <strong class="sc-fotOHu igjdiw yle__article__strong">Prokopios</strong>. Vuosi oli 541 ja paikka Pelusiumin satamakaupunki Egyptin itäisimmälle laidalla. Siksi historioitsijat olivat pitkään siinä käsityksessä, että Justinianuksen rutto oli peräisin Egyptistä.</p><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Prokopioksen kuvaus ruton kulusta on luettavissa englanninnoksena <a class="sc-ksdxgE gcZyIr yle__article__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1536/procopius-on-the-plague-of-justinian-text--comment/" target="_blank">World History Encyclopedia<span class="sc-hBUSln ewhlPk"> (siirryt toiseen palveluun)</span></a> -sivustolta.</p></div></aside></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Länsi-Rooma romahti 400-luvulla mutta vahva roomalaisaika jatkui itäpuolikkaassa, jota sittemmin ryhdyttiin kutsumaan Bysantiksi. Kun Justinianus I tuli sen keisariksi vuonna 527, hänen tavoitteenaan oli nostaa Rooman valtakunta takaisin menneeseen loistoonsa.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Prokopioksen sotakuvaukset kertovat, että suunnitelman toteuttaminen oli hyvässä vauhdissa aina vuoteen 542 asti eli juuri siihen saakka, kun rutto ylsi Itä-Rooman pääkaupunkiin Konstantinopoliin.</p></div><div><h3 class="sc-kfPuZi flMqTE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--3">"Kuolema kiertelee ympärillä"</h3></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Sarrisin tutkimuksen mukaan ruton vaikutukset näkyvät Justinianuksen kriisilaeissa, jotka säädettiin parina ensimmäisenä ruttovuonna, ja myös uuden lainsäädännön kääntymisenä laskuun, kun epidemia yltyi pahimmilleen.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Jo vuonna 542 säädettiin pankkilaki valtiontalouden ja maanomistajien tukemiseksi, kun Prokopioksen mukaan "kuolema kierteli ympärillä" ja "oli levinnyt joka alueelle".</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Vuonna 544 säädetyllä lailla keisari yritti hillitä hintojen ja palkkojen nousua, jotta työläiset eivät olisi päässeet mittaamaan hyötyä väestön vähenemisen aiheuttamasta työvoimapulasta.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Puolen miljoonan asukkaan metropoliksi arvioidussa Konstantinopolissa kuoli Prokopioksen mukaan joka päivä jopa kymmenentuhatta ihmistä, kun ensimmäinen epidemia riehui rajuimmillaan.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Se helpotti muutaman kuukauden päästä mutta bakteeri jäi piilemään ja roihahteli yhä uudelleen. Kokonaan tauti sammui vasta 740-luvulla. Aaltoja on arvioitu kertyneen parikymmentä.</p></div><div><blockquote class="sc-eldieg xaXyG yle__article__quote"><p class="sc-egiyK sc-kiIyQV ektcFN igjBHS">Jumala hyvyydessään lähetti kurituksen tehdäkseen työläisistä parempia ihmisiä, mutta he ovatkin sortuneet ahneuteen. </p><p class="sc-egiyK sc-cLpAjG ektcFN hTyKxK">Keisari Justinianus vuoden 544 palkka- ja työaikalain perusteluissa</p></blockquote></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Historiallisten pandemioiden merkitystä ei koskaan pitäisi arvioida vain sen mukaan, ovatko niiden koettelemat yhteiskunnat suorastaan romahtaneet, Sarris sanoo. Hänen tulkintansa mukaan haasteet eivät suinkaan olleet vähäisiä, vaan Bysantti osoitti suurta resilienssiä.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">– Erityisen merkillepantavaa hallintojen reaktioissa niin Roomassa kuin Bysantissa on se, miten rationaalisia ja huolellisesti kohdennettuja päätökset olivat, vaikka viraomaiset joutuivat keskelle uppo-outoja olosuhteita.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Sarrisin mukaan meillä paljon opittavaa menneiden sukupolvien reaktioista tautiin ja myös siitä, miten pandemiat ovat vaikuttaneet sosiaalisiin rakenteisiin, vaurauden jakautumiseen ja ajatteluun.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Myös Propkopioksella oli keisarin päätöksiin kanta, vaan ei suopea. Justinianus korotti veroja, jotta kokonaiskertymä ei laskisi, vaikka veronmaksajia kuoli joukoittain, ja rahat pantiin keisarin rakennusprojekteihin, ei ruttouhrien auttamiseen, Prokopios suomi.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Hän jopa epäili keisarin aiheuttaneen ruton veljeilemällä pimeyden voimien kanssa ja suututtamalla Jumalan. Hän oli "vetänyt hädän koko maailman ylle, ei ihmisen voimin vaan toisilla keinoin". Prokopios kirjoitti teoksessaan <em class="sc-fFeiMQ eLJEsh yle__article__emphasis">Salainen historia</em>.</p></div><div><figure class="sc-llYSUQ PMfCv yle__article__figure" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Photograph"><div itemprop="image" class="sc-iJKOTD hqzCmo"><button class="sc-bYoBSM dKEKqe"><img alt="Kultakolikko, johon lyödyssä kuvassa on Justianut valtikkoineen ja valtakunnanomenineen. " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_1200,h_731,ar_1.6409737,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/13-3-12207487" class="sc-ezbkAF fmGXHP"/></button></div><figcaption class="sc-cxpSdN pTDts"><span itemprop="description">Justinianuksen aikaisessa kolikossa keisarilla on valtansa symbolit. Ensimmäiset Bysantin omat rahat – kultainen solidus ja pronssinen nummis – oli lyöty kolmisenkymmentä vuotta ennen hänen valtakauttaan ja niistä oli tullut kansainvälinen valtavaluutta. </span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder"> Kuva: Alfredo Dagli Orti / Shutterstock / AOP</span></figcaption></figure></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Yhtenä todisteena taloudellisista reaktioista ruttoon Sarris manitsee kultarahojen keventämisen. Niihin pannun kullan määrää alennettiin ensi kertaa. Jokseenkin samaan aikaan alettiin lyödä myös kevennettyjä kuparirahoja.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Sarris pitää näitä seikkoja paljon merkittävämpinä todisteina ruton vaikutuksista kuin sitä, että rutto mainitaan antiikin kirjallisuudessa suhteellisen harvoin, mihin monet muut tutkijat ovat oman tulkintansa pohjanneet.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">– Prokopios jätti kesken valtavan sotahistoriallisen työnsä kirjoittaakseen sukupolvia vavisuttaneen kuvauksen siitä, miten rutto tuli Konstantinopoliin. Sellaisella on paljon enemmän merkitystä kuin rutosta kirjoitettujen sanojen määrällä, Sarris sanoo.</p></div><div><h3 class="sc-kfPuZi flMqTE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--3">DNA puhuu</h3></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Vielä 2000-luvun alussa Justinianuksen rutto pääteltiin paiserutoksi pelkästään sen perusteella, miten muinaiset tekstit kuvailivat taudin oireita.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Tulehduksen turvottamien imusolmukkeiden, kuumeen, päänsäryn ja vatsakipujen lisäksi Prokopios mainitsee muun muassa harhat.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">DNA-tutkimusten kehittyminen on tuonut aivan uusia työkaluja <em class="sc-fFeiMQ eLJEsh yle__article__emphasis">Y. pestis</em> -bakteerin jäljittämiseen.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">– Meillä on ollut tapana aloittaa kirjallisista lähteistä, jotka kuvaavat ruton saapumista Pelusiumiin ja leviämistä sieltä. Arkeologiset ja geneettiset todisteen on sovitettu niihin. Se ei enää käy, Sarris sanoo.</p></div><div><figure class="sc-llYSUQ PMfCv yle__article__figure" itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Photograph"><div itemprop="image" class="sc-iJKOTD dBundO"><button class="sc-bYoBSM dKEKqe"><img alt="Kaksi luurankoa rinnakkain hautakuopassa. " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_1200,h_939,ar_1.278402,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/13-3-12200497" class="sc-ezbkAF fmGXHP"/></button></div><figcaption class="sc-cxpSdN pTDts"><span itemprop="description">Nainen ja noin kymmenvuotias lapsi kuolivat ruttoon 540-luvulla Edix Hillissä Englannissa. Arkeologisissa kaivauksissa löytyi useita kohtalotovereita. Tutkijoiden kannatti hakea bakteerin perimää ennen muuta hampaista, sillä Y. pestis kiertää uhriensa veressä, ja hampaisiin johtaa paljon verisuonia.</span><span itemprop="copyrightHolder"> Kuva: Cambridgen kreivikuntahallinto</span></figcaption></figure></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph"><a class="sc-ksdxgE gcZyIr yle__article__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://www.pnas.org/content/116/25/12363" target="_blank">PNAS-lehdessä<span class="sc-hBUSln ewhlPk"> (siirryt toiseen palveluun)</span></a> joitakin vuosia sitten julkaistussa kansainvälisessä tutkimuksessa löytyi <em class="sc-fFeiMQ eLJEsh yle__article__emphasis">Y. pestis</em> -bakteerin perimää niin Espanjasta ja Ranskasta kuin Englannista ja Saksasta.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Englannissa Edix Hillissä haudatuista ruton uhreista löytynyt <em class="sc-fFeiMQ eLJEsh yle__article__emphasis">Y. pestis</em> -kanta osoittautui niin vanhaksi linjaksi, että rutto näyttäisi saavuttaneen Englannin eri kautta kuin on luultu, Peter Sarris kertoo tutkimuksessaan.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Leviämisreittejä Aasiasta olikin ehkä kaksi: Välimerelle rutto kenties päätyi Punaisenmeren kautta mutta Englantiin Baltiasta ja Skandinaviasta. Se antaisi aivan uuden näkökulman pandemian kehittymiseen, Sarris sanoo.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Hän painottaa, ettei tauti koskaan ollut vain itäroomalainen ilmiö, vaikka sille on annettu Itä-Rooman keisarin nimi.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Jo yksikin ruttouhri Itä-Englannissa todistaa kokonaisesta ekologiasta: kirpuista, rotista ja syistä, joiden takia ne pääsivät liikkumaan, sanoo Sarris.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">– Niillä seuduilla tapahtui 400- ja 500-luvuilla sosiaalisia, poliittisia ja taloudellisia heilahduksia, jotka ovat hyvin tiedossa. Nyt kun tiedämme rutosta, olisi epäloogista kiistää, että sillä oli vaikutusta, Sarris sanoo.</p></div><div><aside class="sc-cTAqQK czaoHe yle__article__aside"><div class="sc-jObWnj faymHW"><h4 class="sc-fKVqWL gPMZeM yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--4">Samaan aikaan Suomessa</h4><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Ylsikö Justinianuksen rutto myös Suomeen?</p><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Varmin vastaus vaatisi ihmisluulöytöjä, joista patogeenin DNA:ta voitaisiin etsiä. Suomen happamassa maaperässä ruton mahdollisten uhrien luurangot ovat maatuneet aikaa sitten.</p><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Isokyrön Leväluhdan lähteessä säilyneiden kallojen uumoiltiin voineen kuulua Justinianuksen rutossa kuolleille. Modernit tutkimusmenetelmät ovat venyttäneet kallojen aikahaarukan 300-luvulta 800-luvulle.</p></div></aside></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Professori Peter Sarris ennustaa, että tulevaisuudessa Justinianuksen rutosta saadut geneettisiä todisteet vievät käsityksiä suuntiin, joita emme osaa vielä edes aavistaa.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Geenitutkimuksen menetelmien harppaus on luonut 2000-luvulla paleogenomiikan ja siitä haarautuneen muinaisten patogeenien genomiikan. Se tutkii ihmisiä sairastuttaneiden mikrobien evoluutiota, myös jo kadonneita kehityslinjoja.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Evoluution umpikujaan sammui myös se <em class="sc-fFeiMQ eLJEsh yle__article__emphasis">Y. pestisin</em> linja, joka aiheutti Justinianuksen ruton. Keskiajan musta surma johtui sen sukulaisesta, joka tuli Eurooppaan 1300-luvulla kauppareittejä pitkin niin ikään Keski-Aasiasta.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Ruttotapauksia todetaan edelleen etenkin Madagaskarin saarella. Maailman terveysjärjestön WHO:n tuoreimman <a class="sc-ksdxgE gcZyIr yle__article__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/plague---madagascar" target="_blank">raportin<span class="sc-hBUSln ewhlPk"> (siirryt toiseen palveluun)</span></a> mukaan ruttoon on Madagaskarissa kuollut tänäkin syksynä useita ihmisiä.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph">Antibiootit purevat ruttoon, kunhan terveydenhoitojärjestelmä pelaa. Nykyhygieniakin on sitä luokkaa, että rutosta tuskin on odotettavissa uutta pandemiaa, vaikka <em class="sc-fFeiMQ eLJEsh yle__article__emphasis">Y. pestisin</em> perhettä tiedetään elelevän parissasadassa jyrsijälajissa ja yksittäisiä tartuntoja todetaan niin Yhdysvaltain maaseudulla kuin Kiinassa.</p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph"><em class="sc-fFeiMQ eLJEsh yle__article__emphasis">Voit keskustella aiheesta maanantaihin 29.11. klo 23:een asti.</em></p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph"><strong class="sc-fotOHu igjdiw yle__article__strong">Lue myös:</strong></p></div><div><p class="sc-egiyK sc-bqiRlB ektcFN fGZWCQ yle__article__paragraph"><a class="sc-ksdxgE gcZyIr yle__article__link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12021687">Luulöytö Latviasta: Rutto vei hengen eurooppalaiselta jo viisituhatta vuotta sitten – pari mutaatiota teki bakteerista miljoonien mustan surman</a></p></div></div><div class="yle__article__footer"><div class="sc-jivBlf kOuoPv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-217218" class="sc-hZpJaK cCyfDc">pandemiat</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-312454" class="sc-hZpJaK cCyfDc">Justinianuksen rutto</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-212923" class="sc-hZpJaK cCyfDc">tiede</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-118898" class="sc-hZpJaK fclURV">arkeologia</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-216267" class="sc-hZpJaK fclURV">historia</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-208149" class="sc-hZpJaK fclURV">kulttuuri</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-215192" class="sc-hZpJaK fclURV">rutto</a><button class="sc-dkQkyq cHPySI sc-hkgtus cHMzGX" size="48"><svg aria-label="" fill="#000000" height="24" role="img" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24"><path d="M13 5C13 4.44772 12.5523 4 12 4C11.4477 4 11 4.44772 11 5V11H5C4.44772 11 4 11.4477 4 12C4 12.5523 4.44772 13 5 13H11V19C11 19.5523 11.4477 20 12 20C12.5523 20 13 19.5523 13 19V13H19C19.5523 13 20 12.5523 20 12C20 11.4477 19.5523 11 19 11H13V5Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></article><div id="yle-comments-plugin" class="ArticleComments__CommentsContainer-sc-1v76jiq-0 kqGBDT disable-dark-theme"></div></div><div><div data-analytics-element-id="article-read-next" data-testid="recommendations"></div></div></div><aside class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fgkVbl"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fjwYjT"><div class="Underline__Container-sc-uy1h6d-0 knmVQb"><h2 class="Typography-sc-1his0m9-0 ktoivj">Pääuutiset</h2><div class="Underline__UnderlineBar-sc-uy1h6d-1 daptgp"></div></div></div><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12207058" data-testid="miniFrontpage__primaryHeadline" class="MiniFrontpage__PrimaryHeadLineLink-sc-sxba3k-1 rfmkf"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 cyOnSd GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"><picture><source media="(max-width: 375px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 376px) and (max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_736,h_414,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_736,h_414,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_736,h_414,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 1x"/><source media="(width: 768px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_235,h_132,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_235,h_132,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_235,h_132,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_320,h_180,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_320,h_180,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_320,h_180,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_328,h_185,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_328,h_185,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_328,h_185,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959 1x"/><img class="ResponsiveImage__Img-sc-yvl7gl-0 gpkPTK" alt="Tässä käynnistetään ydinreaktio tammikuussa" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638115060/13-1-60917120-1638115059959"/></picture></div><div class="PlayButton__Container-sc-1yuazh3-0 iUpHlT"><span class="VisuallyHiddenText-sc-r0pbh8-0 jvcAED">Toista video</span><button type="button" aria-label="Toista video" class="PlayButton__Button-sc-1yuazh3-1 PlayButton__RoundButton-sc-1yuazh3-2 eGndyr csgxgC"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" height="16" role="img" aria-hidden="true" color="currentColor" class="PlayButton__RoundIcon-sc-1yuazh3-5 eIZJuE"><use xlink:href="/web/20211128174907im_/https://yle.fi/uutiset/assets/img/icons-v1.svg#play"></use></svg></button></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 MiniFrontpage__PrimaryHeadlineTextContent-sc-sxba3k-0 fjwYjT ldngWI"><h4 class="Typography-sc-1his0m9-0 MiniFrontpage__StyledHeadline-sc-sxba3k-4 kIJQGM ePooIf link-accent">Nyt se viimein tapahtuu: Olkiluoto 3 alkaa tuottaa sähköä – näin ydinvoimasysäys vaikuttaa kuluttajiin ja Suomeen</h4><p class="Typography-sc-1his0m9-0 ixVCar">Tutustuimme reaktoriin viime hetkellä ennen sen suunniteltua verkkoon kytkemistä, katso videot jutusta. Ydinreaktio käynnistetään tammikuussa, ja voimalan on tarkoitus toimia täydellä teholla kesäkuussa. </p><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="19:00" datetime="2021-11-28T19:00:06+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">19:00</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-869">Olkiluoto-3</span></div><p class="HeadlineMetaData__CommentTypography-sc-1n8lae9-3 kVWrEI"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" height="16" role="img" aria-label="Kommentit aiheesta" aria-hidden="false" color="currentColor"><use xlink:href="/web/20211128174907im_/https://yle.fi/uutiset/assets/img/icons-v1.svg#message-square"></use></svg><span class="HeadlineMetaData__HideOnMobile-sc-1n8lae9-2 ihFrHg">6</span></p></div></div></a><div class="MiniFrontpage__SecondaryHeadlinesContainer-sc-sxba3k-2 kkKSKf"><ol class="HeadlineList__List-sc-1u42mwt-0 gxnGaX"><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12205348" data-testid="miniFrontpage__secondaryHeadline" class="MiniFrontpage__SecondaryHeadlineContainer-sc-sxba3k-5 jzByIi"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 gkzzFW GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"><canvas style="position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%" height="32" width="32"></canvas><picture><source media="(max-width: 375px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 376px) and (max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_736,h_414,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 3x, 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https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_235,h_132,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_320,h_180,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_320,h_180,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_320,h_180,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_152,h_86,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_152,h_86,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/w_152,h_86,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192 1x"/><img class="ResponsiveImage__Img-sc-yvl7gl-0 gpkPTK" alt="Joose Siira äänesti, mukana poika Leon Orama Siira." src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_523,w_5000,h_2813/c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1623599621/39-81993560c62996a9192"/></picture></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 MiniFrontpage__SecondaryHeadlineTextContent-sc-sxba3k-3 hKmKeK ghWJiN"><h5 class="Typography-sc-1his0m9-0 dKbdtM link-accent">Puolueet ovat yhä haluttomia korjaamaan vaalijärjestelmän vinoumia – muistiot avaavat, miten muutokset heilauttaisivat eduskunnan paikkajakoa</h5><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="15:43" datetime="2021-11-28T15:43:08+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">15:43</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-218195">Vaalit</span></div><p class="HeadlineMetaData__CommentTypography-sc-1n8lae9-3 VMneB"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" height="16" role="img" aria-label="Kommentit aiheesta" aria-hidden="false" color="currentColor"><use xlink:href="/web/20211128174907im_/https://yle.fi/uutiset/assets/img/icons-v1.svg#message-square"></use></svg><span class="HeadlineMetaData__HideOnMobile-sc-1n8lae9-2 ihFrHg">37</span></p></div></div></a></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12205899" data-testid="miniFrontpage__secondaryHeadline" class="MiniFrontpage__SecondaryHeadlineContainer-sc-sxba3k-5 jzByIi"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 gkzzFW GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"><canvas style="position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%" height="32" width="32"></canvas><picture><source media="(max-width: 375px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_202,w_5487,h_3086/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_202,w_5487,h_3086/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_202,w_5487,h_3086/w_343,h_193,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 376px) and (max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_202,w_5487,h_3086/w_736,h_414,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_202,w_5487,h_3086/w_736,h_414,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_202,w_5487,h_3086/w_736,h_414,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 1x"/><source media="(width: 768px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_202,w_5487,h_3086/w_235,h_132,ar_1.7777777777777777,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 3x, 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kzvDWD"><div><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12201207" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Jouni Marttinen on elossa päästyään tehohoitoon: "Hävettää, etten mennyt rokotukseen" – katso, mitä tapahtuu epidemian ytimessä koronaosastolla</h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="9:57" datetime="2021-11-28T09:57:20+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">9:57</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-89760">Koronavirus</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fLQPfi GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div 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srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_957,y_0,w_4000,h_4000/w_74,h_74,ar_1,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637591652/39-882477619ba8a72d806 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_957,y_0,w_4000,h_4000/w_74,h_74,ar_1,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637591652/39-882477619ba8a72d806 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_957,y_0,w_4000,h_4000/w_74,h_74,ar_1,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637591652/39-882477619ba8a72d806 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 376px) and (max-width: 767px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_957,y_0,w_4000,h_4000/w_172,h_172,ar_1,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637591652/39-882477619ba8a72d806 3x, 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3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_64,h_64,ar_1,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638022681/13-3-12207178 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_64,h_64,ar_1,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638022681/13-3-12207178 1x"/><img class="ResponsiveImage__Img-sc-yvl7gl-0 gpkPTK" alt="Valtikkaa pitelevä keisari valtaistuimella puhumassa seitsemälle edessään seisovalle kuulijalle. 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GP:ssä vuonna 2015." src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_95,w_3979,h_2238/c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638113629/39-88530961a3a12059504"/></picture></div></div></a></div></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><div><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12207058" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Nyt se viimein tapahtuu: Olkiluoto 3 alkaa tuottaa sähköä – näin ydinvoimasysäys vaikuttaa kuluttajiin ja Suomeen</h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="19:00" datetime="2021-11-28T19:00:06+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">19:00</time><div 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srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_617,y_0,w_3658,h_3658/w_64,h_64,ar_1,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_617,y_0,w_3658,h_3658/w_64,h_64,ar_1,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_617,y_0,w_3658,h_3658/w_64,h_64,ar_1,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c 1x"/><img class="ResponsiveImage__Img-sc-yvl7gl-0 gpkPTK" alt="Rahul Jain" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,x_0,y_202,w_5487,h_3086/c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1637941930/39-88493261a1001fec01c"/></picture></div></div></a></div></li><li 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1x"/><source media="(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_68,h_68,ar_1,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638114664/13-1-60917118-1638114663901 3x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_68,h_68,ar_1,dpr_2,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638114664/13-1-60917118-1638114663901 2x, https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_68,h_68,ar_1,dpr_1,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638114664/13-1-60917118-1638114663901 1x"/><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/w_64,h_64,ar_1,dpr_3,c_fill,g_faces/q_auto:eco,f_auto,fl_lossy/v1638114664/13-1-60917118-1638114663901 3x, 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class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Krista Pärmäkoski halusi hiihtää ankarassa pakkasessa, vaikka valmentaja oli toista mieltä – lähetti kisan jälkeen terveisiä miehelleen</h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="16:34" datetime="2021-11-28T16:34:11+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">16:34</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-219772">Hiihto</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fLQPfi GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"></div></div></a></div></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/urheilu/3-12207536" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Venäjän hiihtopomo Jelena Välbe piikitteli pakkasta pelänneitä norjalaisia ja Iivo Niskasta – "En ymmärrä, mutta se on heidän ongelmansa"</h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="16:05" datetime="2021-11-28T16:05:18+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">16:05</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-219772">Hiihto</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fLQPfi GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"></div></div></a></div></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><div><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12205348" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Puolueet ovat yhä haluttomia korjaamaan vaalijärjestelmän vinoumia – muistiot avaavat, miten muutokset heilauttaisivat eduskunnan paikkajakoa</h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="15:43" datetime="2021-11-28T15:43:08+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">15:43</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-218195">Vaalit</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fLQPfi GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"></div></div></a></div></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><div><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12207467" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Hondurasissa presidentinvaalit, joiden pelätään jo ennakolta sytyttävän mellakoita </h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="14:36" datetime="2021-11-28T14:36:14+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">14:36</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-82801">Honduras</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 biQaBW GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div 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link-accent">Toni Roponen avaa rajun yksityiskohdan avulla, miksi Iivo Niskanen "boikotoi" Rukan pakkaskisaa – lyttää täysin tuomarineuvoston päätöksen </h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="14:12" datetime="2021-11-28T14:12:41+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">14:12</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-219772">Hiihto</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 biQaBW GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"></div><div class="PlayButton__Container-sc-1yuazh3-0 jIPitD"><span class="VisuallyHiddenText-sc-r0pbh8-0 jvcAED">Toista video</span><button type="button" aria-label="Toista video" class="PlayButton__Button-sc-1yuazh3-1 PlayButton__RoundButton-sc-1yuazh3-2 eGndyr csgxgC"><svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" height="16" role="img" aria-hidden="true" color="currentColor" class="PlayButton__RoundIcon-sc-1yuazh3-5 eIZJuE"><use xlink:href="/web/20211128174907im_/https://yle.fi/uutiset/assets/img/icons-v1.svg#play"></use></svg></button></div></div></a></div></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><div><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12207464" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Suomi rajoittaa maahantuloa eteläisestä Afrikasta uuden koronamuunnoksen takia – rajavartioyksikön päällikkö: "Maahan voi saapua vain välttämättömästä syystä"</h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="14:11" datetime="2021-11-28T14:11:41+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">14:11</time><div 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fNRHDu" aria-label="14:00" datetime="2021-11-28T14:00:59+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">14:00</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-89760">Koronavirus</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fLQPfi GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"></div></div></a></div></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><div><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12207470" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Finnairin Hongkongin-lennon lentäjällä koronatartunta, miehistö eristyksissä Hongkongissa</h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="13:34" datetime="2021-11-28T13:34:44+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">13:34</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-169143">Finnair</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fLQPfi GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"></div></div></a></div></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><div><a href="/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12205515" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Asiantuntijat kehottavat syksyn valmistujaisissa varovaisuuteen: näin estät juhlien muuttumisen koronalingoksi</h6><div class="HeadlineMetaData__Container-sc-1n8lae9-0 xyYXn"><time class="DateTime__Time-sc-327z34-0 fNRHDu" aria-label="13:29" datetime="2021-11-28T13:29:25+0200" data-testid="datetime-test-id">13:29</time><div class="HeadlineMetaData__FluidContainer-sc-1n8lae9-1 hbTLdU"><span class="Tag__Chip-sc-d06pgy-2 grlKv" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/18-89760">Koronavirus</span></div></div></div><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 fLQPfi GridMedia__StyledGridImage-sc-ya5uyu-0 gvanpH"><div class="ResponsiveImage__ImageWrapper-sc-yvl7gl-1 gEutWN"></div></div></a></div></li><li class="HeadlineList__ListItem-sc-1u42mwt-1 kzvDWD"><div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211128174907/https://yle.fi/urheilu/3-12207417" data-analytics-headline-link="true" class="Headline__Direction-sc-5nx0d9-0 lBMyl visitableLink" data-testid="headline"><div class="GridSystem__GridCell-sc-15162af-0 ShndI"><h6 class="Typography__ResponsiveTypography-sc-1his0m9-1 fGpbaY link-accent">Miten ihmeessä Frida Karlssonin housut syttyivät palamaan Rukalla? 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","subjects":[{"id":"18-217218","title":{"fi":"pandemiat","sv":"pandemier"}},{"id":"18-312454","title":{"fi":"Justinianuksen rutto","sv":"Justinianska pesten"}},{"id":"18-212923","title":{"fi":"tiede","sv":"vetenskap"}},{"id":"18-118898","title":{"fi":"arkeologia","sv":"arkeologi"}},{"id":"18-216267","title":{"fi":"historia","sv":"historia"}},{"id":"18-208149","title":{"fi":"kulttuuri","sv":"kultur"}},{"id":"18-215192","title":{"fi":"rutto","sv":"pest"}}],"authors":[{"type":"Author","organization":"Yle","some":null,"name":"Anniina Wallius","id":"3-60","role":null,"image":{"type":"ImageBlock","id":"13-3-5612056","alt":"Anniina Wallius","aspect":1.7777778,"caption":"","source":"","recommendedFormat":"jpg","width":null,"height":null,"crops":null},"description":[]}],"format":null,"journalisticStyle":null,"live":null,"datePublished":"2021-11-28T17:00:32+0200","dateContentModified":"2021-11-28T17:00:32+0200","topic":{"id":"33-603f5687-1554-43e7-9e73-ce86e1341c30","title":"Tutkimus: Jo ihmiskunnan ensimmäinen pandemia 1 500 vuotta sitten vaati poikkeuksellisia lakeja","acceptedCommentsCount":5,"allowAnonymousCommenting":false,"isLocked":false,"isHidden":false,"postModerateComments":false},"mainMedia":[{"type":"ImageBlock","id":"13-3-12207178","alt":"Valtikkaa pitelevä keisari valtaistuimella puhumassa seitsemälle edessään seisovalle kuulijalle. ","aspect":1.6176935,"caption":"Vuosina 482–565 elänyt keisari Justinianus luennoimassa laeistaan 1200-luvun tuntemattoman taiteilijan työssä. Justinianuksen kerrotaan saaneen itsekin nimikkoruttonsa tartunnan. ","source":"\nKharbine-Tapabor \u002F AOP","recommendedFormat":"jpg","width":null,"height":null,"crops":null}],"properties":["importance:normal","uutisvahti:enabled"],"content":[{"type":"HeadingBlock","level":1,"text":"Tutkimus: Jo ihmiskunnan ensimmäinen pandemia 1 500 vuotta sitten vaati poikkeuksellisia lakeja"},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Voimme oppia tavoista, joilla uppo-outoon kulkutautiin reagoitiin 500-luvulla, sanoo historioitsija Peter Sarris. Hänen mukaansa Justinianuksen rutto vaikutti yhteiskuntiin paljon luultua syvemmin. "},{"type":"ImageBlock","id":"13-3-12207178","alt":"Valtikkaa pitelevä keisari valtaistuimella puhumassa seitsemälle edessään seisovalle kuulijalle. ","aspect":1.6176935,"caption":"Vuosina 482–565 elänyt keisari Justinianus luennoimassa laeistaan 1200-luvun tuntemattoman taiteilijan työssä. Justinianuksen kerrotaan saaneen itsekin nimikkoruttonsa tartunnan. ","source":"\nKharbine-Tapabor \u002F AOP","recommendedFormat":"jpg","width":null,"height":null,"crops":null},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Maailmaa koetteli puolitoista vuosituhatta sitten tauti, jota kutsutaan historian ensimmäiseksi pandemiaksi. Paiserutto aiheutti epidemioita jokseenkin koko tuolloin tunnetussa maailmassa. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Justinianuksen ruttoon arvioidaan kuolleen neljännes tai jopa puolet Välimeren itälaidan väestöstä. Pieninkin arvio koko maailman menettämästä väestä on kymmenen prosenttia. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Silti monet tutkijat ovat alkaneet olla sitä mieltä, että Justinianuksen ruton yhteiskunnalliset vaikutukset olivat enimmäkseen vain nykyisten influenssojen luokkaa."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Brittiläisen [Cambridgen yliopiston](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cam.ac.uk\u002Fresearch\u002Fnews\u002Fjustinianic-plague-was-nothing-like-flu-and-may-have-hit-england-before-constantinople) historian professorin **Peter Sarrisin** tuoreen tutkimuksen mukaan ruton vaikutukset yhteiskuntiin olivat hyvin ankarat, kun niitä tarkastelee riittävän monesta näkökulmasta. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Jos muinoin levinneiden tautien laajuus ja seuraukset todella halutaan selvittää, on välttämätöntä, että historioitsijat ja arkeologit tekevät yhteistyötä geneetikkojen ja ympäristötutkijoiden kanssa, Sarris summaa [Past & Present](https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fpast\u002Fadvance-article\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1093\u002Fpastj\u002Fgtab024\u002F6427314) -lehdessä julkaistussa tutkimuksessaan."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"– Jotkut historioitsijat suhtautuvat suorastaan vihamielisesti siihen ajatukseen, että taudeilla olisi voinut olla ratkaiseva merkitys ihmisyhteisöjen kehityksessä. \"Ruttoskeptisismi\" on vallannut viime vuosina paljon alaa, Sarris sanoo."},{"type":"AsideBlock","content":[{"type":"HeadingBlock","level":4,"text":"Hunnien tuomaa? "},{"type":"ImageBlock","id":"13-3-12207396","alt":"Ratsumiesjoukko hyökkäämässä. Joukkoa johtaa haarniskaan pukeutunut hunnijohtaja Attila, jolla on miekka. Muilla on aseinaan myös muun muassa kirveitä ja keihäitä. ","aspect":2.100616,"caption":"Espanjalaisen taiteilijan Ulpiano Checan 1800-luvun näkemys hunnien hyökkäyksestä. ","source":"History Docu Photo \u002F AOP","recommendedFormat":"jpg","width":null,"height":null,"crops":null},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Bakteeri, josta kehittyi Justinianuksen ruton ja myöhemmin mustan surman aiheuttaja, tarttui ihmisiin tällä tietoa Keski-Aasiassa kivikauden ja pronssikauden vaihteessa. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Silloisissa ihmisluissa on _Yersinia pestis_ -bakteerin sukupuun vanhan jäsenen perimää ajalta, josta kului vuosisatoja Justinianuksen ruton ilmestymiseen Itä-Roomaan, vahvistaa [Nature-lehdessä](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41586-018-0094-2?WT.feed_name=subjects_anthropology) kolme vuotta sitten julkaistu kansainvälinen tutkimus. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Alkujaan bakteerilta puuttui kyky levitä kirppujen mukana, mutta sellainen oli jo, kun hunnit ratsastivat länteen. Heidän mukanaan kulkeutui myös rottia, rotissa kirppuja ja kirpuissa ruttobakteereja. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Ensimmäisen ruttotapauksen kirjasi itäroomalainen historioitsija **Prokopios**. Vuosi oli 541 ja paikka Pelusiumin satamakaupunki Egyptin itäisimmälle laidalla. Siksi historioitsijat olivat pitkään siinä käsityksessä, että Justinianuksen rutto oli peräisin Egyptistä. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Prokopioksen kuvaus ruton kulusta on luettavissa englanninnoksena [World History Encyclopedia](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldhistory.org\u002Farticle\u002F1536\u002Fprocopius-on-the-plague-of-justinian-text--comment\u002F) -sivustolta. "}]},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Länsi-Rooma romahti 400-luvulla mutta vahva roomalaisaika jatkui itäpuolikkaassa, jota sittemmin ryhdyttiin kutsumaan Bysantiksi. Kun Justinianus I tuli sen keisariksi vuonna 527, hänen tavoitteenaan oli nostaa Rooman valtakunta takaisin menneeseen loistoonsa. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Prokopioksen sotakuvaukset kertovat, että suunnitelman toteuttaminen oli hyvässä vauhdissa aina vuoteen 542 asti eli juuri siihen saakka, kun rutto ylsi Itä-Rooman pääkaupunkiin Konstantinopoliin. "},{"type":"HeadingBlock","level":3,"text":"\"Kuolema kiertelee ympärillä\""},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Sarrisin tutkimuksen mukaan ruton vaikutukset näkyvät Justinianuksen kriisilaeissa, jotka säädettiin parina ensimmäisenä ruttovuonna, ja myös uuden lainsäädännön kääntymisenä laskuun, kun epidemia yltyi pahimmilleen. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Jo vuonna 542 säädettiin pankkilaki valtiontalouden ja maanomistajien tukemiseksi, kun Prokopioksen mukaan \"kuolema kierteli ympärillä\" ja \"oli levinnyt joka alueelle\"."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Vuonna 544 säädetyllä lailla keisari yritti hillitä hintojen ja palkkojen nousua, jotta työläiset eivät olisi päässeet mittaamaan hyötyä väestön vähenemisen aiheuttamasta työvoimapulasta. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Puolen miljoonan asukkaan metropoliksi arvioidussa Konstantinopolissa kuoli Prokopioksen mukaan joka päivä jopa kymmenentuhatta ihmistä, kun ensimmäinen epidemia riehui rajuimmillaan. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Se helpotti muutaman kuukauden päästä mutta bakteeri jäi piilemään ja roihahteli yhä uudelleen. Kokonaan tauti sammui vasta 740-luvulla. Aaltoja on arvioitu kertyneen parikymmentä."},{"type":"QuoteBlock","text":"Jumala hyvyydessään lähetti kurituksen tehdäkseen työläisistä parempia ihmisiä, mutta he ovatkin sortuneet ahneuteen. ","source":"Keisari Justinianus vuoden 544 palkka- ja työaikalain perusteluissa"},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Historiallisten pandemioiden merkitystä ei koskaan pitäisi arvioida vain sen mukaan, ovatko niiden koettelemat yhteiskunnat suorastaan romahtaneet, Sarris sanoo. Hänen tulkintansa mukaan haasteet eivät suinkaan olleet vähäisiä, vaan Bysantti osoitti suurta resilienssiä."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"– Erityisen merkillepantavaa hallintojen reaktioissa niin Roomassa kuin Bysantissa on se, miten rationaalisia ja huolellisesti kohdennettuja päätökset olivat, vaikka viraomaiset joutuivat keskelle uppo-outoja olosuhteita."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Sarrisin mukaan meillä paljon opittavaa menneiden sukupolvien reaktioista tautiin ja myös siitä, miten pandemiat ovat vaikuttaneet sosiaalisiin rakenteisiin, vaurauden jakautumiseen ja ajatteluun."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Myös Propkopioksella oli keisarin päätöksiin kanta, vaan ei suopea. Justinianus korotti veroja, jotta kokonaiskertymä ei laskisi, vaikka veronmaksajia kuoli joukoittain, ja rahat pantiin keisarin rakennusprojekteihin, ei ruttouhrien auttamiseen, Prokopios suomi. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Hän jopa epäili keisarin aiheuttaneen ruton veljeilemällä pimeyden voimien kanssa ja suututtamalla Jumalan. Hän oli \"vetänyt hädän koko maailman ylle, ei ihmisen voimin vaan toisilla keinoin\". Prokopios kirjoitti teoksessaan _Salainen historia_."},{"type":"ImageBlock","id":"13-3-12207487","alt":"Kultakolikko, johon lyödyssä kuvassa on Justianut valtikkoineen ja valtakunnanomenineen. ","aspect":1.6409737,"caption":"Justinianuksen aikaisessa kolikossa keisarilla on valtansa symbolit. Ensimmäiset Bysantin omat rahat – kultainen solidus ja pronssinen nummis – oli lyöty kolmisenkymmentä vuotta ennen hänen valtakauttaan ja niistä oli tullut kansainvälinen valtavaluutta. ","source":"Alfredo Dagli Orti \u002F Shutterstock \u002F AOP","recommendedFormat":"jpg","width":null,"height":null,"crops":null},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Yhtenä todisteena taloudellisista reaktioista ruttoon Sarris manitsee kultarahojen keventämisen. Niihin pannun kullan määrää alennettiin ensi kertaa. Jokseenkin samaan aikaan alettiin lyödä myös kevennettyjä kuparirahoja."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Sarris pitää näitä seikkoja paljon merkittävämpinä todisteina ruton vaikutuksista kuin sitä, että rutto mainitaan antiikin kirjallisuudessa suhteellisen harvoin, mihin monet muut tutkijat ovat oman tulkintansa pohjanneet. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"– Prokopios jätti kesken valtavan sotahistoriallisen työnsä kirjoittaakseen sukupolvia vavisuttaneen kuvauksen siitä, miten rutto tuli Konstantinopoliin. Sellaisella on paljon enemmän merkitystä kuin rutosta kirjoitettujen sanojen määrällä, Sarris sanoo. "},{"type":"HeadingBlock","level":3,"text":"DNA puhuu"},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Vielä 2000-luvun alussa Justinianuksen rutto pääteltiin paiserutoksi pelkästään sen perusteella, miten muinaiset tekstit kuvailivat taudin oireita. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Tulehduksen turvottamien imusolmukkeiden, kuumeen, päänsäryn ja vatsakipujen lisäksi Prokopios mainitsee muun muassa harhat."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":" DNA-tutkimusten kehittyminen on tuonut aivan uusia työkaluja _Y. pestis_ -bakteerin jäljittämiseen."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"– Meillä on ollut tapana aloittaa kirjallisista lähteistä, jotka kuvaavat ruton saapumista Pelusiumiin ja leviämistä sieltä. Arkeologiset ja geneettiset todisteen on sovitettu niihin. Se ei enää käy, Sarris sanoo."},{"type":"ImageBlock","id":"13-3-12200497","alt":"Kaksi luurankoa rinnakkain hautakuopassa. ","aspect":1.278402,"caption":"Nainen ja noin kymmenvuotias lapsi kuolivat ruttoon 540-luvulla Edix Hillissä Englannissa. Arkeologisissa kaivauksissa löytyi useita kohtalotovereita. Tutkijoiden kannatti hakea bakteerin perimää ennen muuta hampaista, sillä Y. pestis kiertää uhriensa veressä, ja hampaisiin johtaa paljon verisuonia.","source":"Cambridgen kreivikuntahallinto","recommendedFormat":"jpg","width":null,"height":null,"crops":null},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"[PNAS-lehdessä](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pnas.org\u002Fcontent\u002F116\u002F25\u002F12363) joitakin vuosia sitten julkaistussa kansainvälisessä tutkimuksessa löytyi _Y. pestis_ -bakteerin perimää niin Espanjasta ja Ranskasta kuin Englannista ja Saksasta."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Englannissa Edix Hillissä haudatuista ruton uhreista löytynyt _Y. pestis_ -kanta osoittautui niin vanhaksi linjaksi, että rutto näyttäisi saavuttaneen Englannin eri kautta kuin on luultu, Peter Sarris kertoo tutkimuksessaan. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":" Leviämisreittejä Aasiasta olikin ehkä kaksi: Välimerelle rutto kenties päätyi Punaisenmeren kautta mutta Englantiin Baltiasta ja Skandinaviasta. Se antaisi aivan uuden näkökulman pandemian kehittymiseen, Sarris sanoo."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Hän painottaa, ettei tauti koskaan ollut vain itäroomalainen ilmiö, vaikka sille on annettu Itä-Rooman keisarin nimi."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Jo yksikin ruttouhri Itä-Englannissa todistaa kokonaisesta ekologiasta: kirpuista, rotista ja syistä, joiden takia ne pääsivät liikkumaan, sanoo Sarris. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"– Niillä seuduilla tapahtui 400- ja 500-luvuilla sosiaalisia, poliittisia ja taloudellisia heilahduksia, jotka ovat hyvin tiedossa. Nyt kun tiedämme rutosta, olisi epäloogista kiistää, että sillä oli vaikutusta, Sarris sanoo."},{"type":"AsideBlock","content":[{"type":"HeadingBlock","level":4,"text":"Samaan aikaan Suomessa"},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Ylsikö Justinianuksen rutto myös Suomeen?"},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Varmin vastaus vaatisi ihmisluulöytöjä, joista patogeenin DNA:ta voitaisiin etsiä. Suomen happamassa maaperässä ruton mahdollisten uhrien luurangot ovat maatuneet aikaa sitten. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Isokyrön Leväluhdan lähteessä säilyneiden kallojen uumoiltiin voineen kuulua Justinianuksen rutossa kuolleille. Modernit tutkimusmenetelmät ovat venyttäneet kallojen aikahaarukan 300-luvulta 800-luvulle."}]},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Professori Peter Sarris ennustaa, että tulevaisuudessa Justinianuksen rutosta saadut geneettisiä todisteet vievät käsityksiä suuntiin, joita emme osaa vielä edes aavistaa."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Geenitutkimuksen menetelmien harppaus on luonut 2000-luvulla paleogenomiikan ja siitä haarautuneen muinaisten patogeenien genomiikan. Se tutkii ihmisiä sairastuttaneiden mikrobien evoluutiota, myös jo kadonneita kehityslinjoja. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Evoluution umpikujaan sammui myös se _Y. pestisin_ linja, joka aiheutti Justinianuksen ruton. Keskiajan musta surma johtui sen sukulaisesta, joka tuli Eurooppaan 1300-luvulla kauppareittejä pitkin niin ikään Keski-Aasiasta."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Ruttotapauksia todetaan edelleen etenkin Madagaskarin saarella. Maailman terveysjärjestön WHO:n tuoreimman [raportin](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Femergencies\u002Fdisease-outbreak-news\u002Fitem\u002Fplague---madagascar) mukaan ruttoon on Madagaskarissa kuollut tänäkin syksynä useita ihmisiä. "},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"Antibiootit purevat ruttoon, kunhan terveydenhoitojärjestelmä pelaa. Nykyhygieniakin on sitä luokkaa, että rutosta tuskin on odotettavissa uutta pandemiaa, vaikka _Y. pestisin_ perhettä tiedetään elelevän parissasadassa jyrsijälajissa ja yksittäisiä tartuntoja todetaan niin Yhdysvaltain maaseudulla kuin Kiinassa."},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"_Voit keskustella aiheesta maanantaihin 29.11. klo 23:een asti._"},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"**Lue myös:**"},{"type":"TextBlock","markdown":"[Luulöytö Latviasta: Rutto vei hengen eurooppalaiselta jo viisituhatta vuotta sitten – pari mutaatiota teki bakteerista miljoonien mustan surman](https:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F3-12021687)"}],"sources":null,"places":null},"supplements":{"topHeadlines":[{"uuid":"af6e1540-506c-11ec-a369-237576b9ec33","type":"article","url":"\u002Fuutiset\u002F3-12207058","size":null,"texts":{"headline":{"text":"Nyt se viimein tapahtuu: Olkiluoto 3 alkaa tuottaa sähköä – näin ydinvoimasysäys vaikuttaa kuluttajiin ja Suomeen"},"lead":{"text":"Tutustuimme reaktoriin viime hetkellä ennen sen suunniteltua verkkoon kytkemistä, katso videot jutusta. Ydinreaktio käynnistetään tammikuussa, ja voimalan on tarkoitus toimia täydellä teholla kesäkuussa. 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Saana toivoo löytävänsä edes yhden ystävän, joka ymmärtää häntä."}},"image":{"id":"39-883473619e4a438674c","alt":"Kansikuva Perjantai-dokkarista: Tyttö, joka lopetti puhumisen","version":1637763724,"blurhash":"LjH__K_NNyITogjYofWVIpaes,R+","crops":[{"aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"height":1079,"width":1919,"x":0,"y":0}},{"aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"height":1080,"width":720,"x":843,"y":0}},{"aspect":1,"coordinates":{"height":1080,"width":1080,"x":593,"y":0}},{"aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"height":767,"width":1919,"x":0,"y":197}}]},"video":{"id":"1-50653045"},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T08:53:00+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-213069","text":"Puhumattomuus","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-213069"},{"id":"18-268297","text":"Perjantai","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-268297"},{"id":"18-16104","text":"Nuoret","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-16104"},{"id":"18-208492","text":"Linnut","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-208492"},{"id":"18-219283","text":"Terapiat","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-219283"},{"id":"18-35630","text":"Lapset ja nuoret","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-35630"},{"id":"18-215287","text":"Yksinäisyys","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-215287"},{"id":"18-205326","text":"Ahdistuneisuushäiriöt","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-205326"}]}],"tuoreimmat":[{"contentId":"3-12205820","type":"article","url":"\u002Fuutiset\u002F3-12205820","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Kolmannen polven kelloseppä Seppo Tienhaara tuntee vanhat kellot ja koneistot – pohjalaisverstaalle tulee korjattavaa kauempaakin, koska osaajien määrä vähenee"},"lead":{"text":"Kelloseppä Seppo Tienhaaran elämäntyö on esillä kellomuseossa Karijoella Etelä-Pohjanmaalla. 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Ydinreaktio käynnistetään tammikuussa, ja voimalan on tarkoitus toimia täydellä teholla kesäkuussa. 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Suomalaiselta poromieheltä hän oppi jotain oleellisesta luonnosta."}},"image":{"id":"39-88493261a1001fec01c","alt":"Rahul Jain","version":1637941930,"blurhash":"LDBWY*4oJUI9~pD%tRIUt,IU%2Mx","crops":[{"aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"height":3086,"width":5487,"x":0,"y":202}},{"aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"height":3658,"width":2438,"x":1145,"y":0}},{"aspect":1,"coordinates":{"height":3658,"width":3658,"x":617,"y":0}},{"aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"height":2194,"width":5487,"x":0,"y":527}}]},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T18:45:05+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-217087","text":"Ilmastonmuutos","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-217087"},{"id":"18-215452","text":"Luonto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-215452"},{"id":"18-207470","text":"Saastuminen","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-207470"},{"id":"18-193911","text":"Delhi","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-193911"},{"id":"18-166620","text":"Intia","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-166620"},{"id":"18-212847","text":"Dokumenttielokuvat","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-212847"},{"id":"18-208149","text":"Kulttuuri","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-208149"},{"id":"18-269334","text":"Rahul Jain","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-269334"},{"id":"18-327398","text":"Iikka Vehkalahti","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-327398"}]},{"contentId":"3-12207671","type":"article","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Furheilu\u002F3-12207671","texts":{"headline":{"text":"\"Oli sellainen tonnin seteli -ilme\" – Ilkka Herolaa otti päähän, kun huippuhyppy Rukalla meni roskakoriin"},"lead":{"text":"Ilkka Herola oli kymmenes Rukalla ja se sivuaa hänen parastaan Kuusamossa. Mahdollisuuksia oli parempaankin, mutta tuuliolot pyyhkivät Herolan huippuhypyn pois tuloslistoilta."}},"image":{"id":"13-1-60917118-1638114663901","alt":"Ilkka Herolalla tonnin setelin ilme, kun huippuhyppy vedettiin pois listoilta","version":1638114664,"blurhash":null,"crops":null},"video":{"id":"1-60917118"},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T17:58:00+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-207533","text":"Yhdistetty hiihto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-207533"},{"id":"18-220090","text":"Urheilu","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-220090"},{"id":"18-227566","text":"Ilkka Herola","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-227566"},{"id":"18-258580","text":"Miesten yhdistetty","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-258580"},{"id":"18-183992","text":"Maailmancupit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-183992"},{"id":"18-217673","text":"Hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-217673"},{"id":"18-149004","text":"Pohjoismaiset hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-149004"}]},{"contentId":"3-12207671","type":"article","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Furheilu\u002F3-12207671","texts":{"headline":{"text":"\"Oli sellainen tonnin seteli -ilme\" – Ilkka Herolaa otti päähän, kun huippuhyppy Rukalla meni roskakoriin"},"lead":{"text":"Ilkka Herola oli kymmenes Rukalla ja se sivuaa hänen parastaan Kuusamossa. Mahdollisuuksia oli parempaankin, mutta tuuliolot pyyhkivät Herolan huippuhypyn pois tuloslistoilta."}},"image":{"id":"13-1-60917118-1638114663901","alt":"Ilkka Herolalla tonnin setelin ilme, kun huippuhyppy vedettiin pois listoilta","version":1638114664,"blurhash":null,"crops":null},"video":{"id":"1-60917118"},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T17:58:00+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-207533","text":"Yhdistetty hiihto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-207533"},{"id":"18-220090","text":"Urheilu","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-220090"},{"id":"18-227566","text":"Ilkka Herola","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-227566"},{"id":"18-258580","text":"Miesten yhdistetty","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-258580"},{"id":"18-183992","text":"Maailmancupit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-183992"},{"id":"18-217673","text":"Hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-217673"},{"id":"18-149004","text":"Pohjoismaiset hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-149004"}]},{"contentId":"3-12207472","type":"article","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Furheilu\u002F3-12207472","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Jääkiekkolegenda Matti Keinonen muistetaan ilopillerinä ja jekkuilijana – Veli-Pekka Ketolan kanssa Itä-Saksassa lyöty juoksuveto jäi ratkaisematta"},"lead":{"text":"Matti \"Mölli\" Keinonen kuoli lauantaina 80-vuotiaana. Hän sairasti imusolmukesyöpää. Veli-Pekka Ketola ja Kalevi Numminen muistavat Keinosen sydämellisenä joukkuekaverina."}},"image":{"id":"13-67-380a9c1d4c084083bb97bcb917321ff3","alt":"Matti Keinonen muistelee vuoden 1965 Ruotsi-tasapeliä","version":1638109453,"blurhash":null,"crops":null},"video":{"id":"1-60917109"},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T17:14:00+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-215580","text":"Jääkiekko","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-215580"},{"id":"18-220090","text":"Urheilu","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-220090"},{"id":"18-36075","text":"Suomen jääkiekko","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-36075"},{"id":"18-188906","text":"Jääkiekon miesten SM-liiga","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-188906"},{"id":"18-196092","text":"Rauman Lukko ","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-196092"},{"id":"18-191985","text":"Leijonat","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Furheilu\u002F18-191985"}]},{"contentId":"3-12200007","type":"article","url":"\u002Fuutiset\u002F3-12200007","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Tutkimus: Jo ihmiskunnan ensimmäinen pandemia 1 500 vuotta sitten vaati poikkeuksellisia lakeja"},"lead":{"text":"Voimme oppia tavoista, joilla uppo-outoon kulkutautiin reagoitiin 500-luvulla, sanoo historioitsija Peter Sarris. Hänen mukaansa Justinianuksen rutto vaikutti yhteiskuntiin paljon luultua syvemmin. "}},"image":{"id":"13-3-12207178","alt":"Valtikkaa pitelevä keisari valtaistuimella puhumassa seitsemälle edessään seisovalle kuulijalle. ","version":1638022681,"blurhash":null,"crops":null},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T17:00:32+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-217218","text":"Pandemiat","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-217218"},{"id":"18-312454","text":"Justinianuksen rutto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-312454"},{"id":"18-212923","text":"Tiede","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-212923"},{"id":"18-118898","text":"Arkeologia","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-118898"},{"id":"18-216267","text":"Historia","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-216267"},{"id":"18-208149","text":"Kulttuuri","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-208149"},{"id":"18-215192","text":"Rutto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-215192"}]},{"contentId":"3-12207596","type":"article","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Furheilu\u002F3-12207596","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Krista Pärmäkoski halusi hiihtää ankarassa pakkasessa, vaikka valmentaja oli toista mieltä – lähetti kisan jälkeen terveisiä miehelleen"},"lead":{"text":"Krista Pärmäkoski nappasi uransa parhaan maailmancup-sijoituksensa henkilökohtaisilla matkoilla puoleentoista vuoteen. Suomalaistähti lähetti terveiset miehelleen Yle Urheilun haastattelun päätteeksi."}},"image":{"id":"39-88529961a38eb52c113","alt":"Krista Pärmäkoski venytti neljäntenä maaliin Rukalla sunnuntaina.","version":1638108893,"blurhash":"L1Kne;00??0000snEd0000xJ00.O","crops":[{"aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"height":2577,"width":4582,"x":0,"y":0}},{"aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"height":3054,"width":2035,"x":1871,"y":0}},{"aspect":1,"coordinates":{"height":3054,"width":3054,"x":1126,"y":1}},{"aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"height":1828,"width":4570,"x":11,"y":143}}]},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T16:34:11+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-219772","text":"Hiihto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-219772"},{"id":"18-148999","text":"Krista Pärmäkoski","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-148999"},{"id":"18-149004","text":"Pohjoismaiset hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-149004"},{"id":"18-220090","text":"Urheilu","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-220090"},{"id":"18-148409","text":"Maastohiihdon maailmancup","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-148409"},{"id":"18-183992","text":"Maailmancupit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-183992"},{"id":"18-217673","text":"Hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-217673"}]},{"contentId":"3-12207536","type":"article","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Furheilu\u002F3-12207536","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Venäjän hiihtopomo Jelena Välbe piikitteli pakkasta pelänneitä norjalaisia ja Iivo Niskasta – \"En ymmärrä, mutta se on heidän ongelmansa\""},"lead":{"text":"Liki 20 mieshiihtäjää päätti jättää Rukan 15 kilometrin vapaan hiihtotavan kilpailun väliin kovan pakkasen takia. Katsojia kova pakkanen ei kuitenkaan pelottanut."}},"image":{"id":"39-88529761a38a4c56ad2","alt":"Venäläishiihtäjiä Rukalla pakkasessa","version":1638109687,"blurhash":"LGM~kd{xqHHYx^*d#8pJB;FxKPIp","crops":[{"aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"height":1080,"width":1919,"x":0,"y":0}},{"aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"height":1080,"width":720,"x":539,"y":0}},{"aspect":1,"coordinates":{"height":1080,"width":1080,"x":395,"y":0}},{"aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"height":767,"width":1919,"x":0,"y":85}}]},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T16:05:18+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-219772","text":"Hiihto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-219772"},{"id":"18-220090","text":"Urheilu","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-220090"},{"id":"18-149004","text":"Pohjoismaiset hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-149004"},{"id":"18-217673","text":"Hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-217673"},{"id":"18-35400","text":"Miesten hiihto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-35400"},{"id":"18-196956","text":"Iivo Niskanen","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-196956"}]},{"contentId":"3-12205348","type":"article","url":"\u002Fuutiset\u002F3-12205348","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Puolueet ovat yhä haluttomia korjaamaan vaalijärjestelmän vinoumia – muistiot avaavat, miten muutokset heilauttaisivat eduskunnan paikkajakoa"},"lead":{"text":"Ylen tietojen mukaan puolueet eivät ole löytäneet yhteistä näkemystä vaalilainsäädännön uudistamisesta. Useat samankaltaiset hankkeet ovat viime vuosikymmeninä kariutuneet."}},"image":{"id":"39-81993560c62996a9192","alt":"Joose Siira äänesti, mukana poika Leon Orama Siira.","version":1623599621,"blurhash":null,"crops":[{"aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"height":2813,"width":5000,"x":0,"y":523}},{"aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"height":3334,"width":2223,"x":953,"y":0}},{"aspect":1,"coordinates":{"height":3334,"width":3334,"x":977,"y":0}},{"aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"height":2000,"width":5000,"x":0,"y":711}}]},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T15:43:08+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-218195","text":"Vaalit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-218195"},{"id":"18-219654","text":"Puolueet","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-219654"},{"id":"18-210214","text":"Eduskunta","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-210214"},{"id":"18-207806","text":"Eduskuntavaalit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-207806"},{"id":"18-211935","text":"Vaalipiirit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-211935"},{"id":"18-218710","text":"Poliittinen osallistuminen","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-218710"},{"id":"18-220306","text":"Politiikka","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-220306"},{"id":"18-205188","text":"Perustuslait","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-205188"},{"id":"18-36748","text":"Suomen poliittiset puolueet","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-36748"},{"id":"18-204172","text":"Vaikuttaminen","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-204172"},{"id":"18-145443","text":"Vaalitapa","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-145443"},{"id":"18-174313","text":"Oikeusministeriö","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-174313"}]},{"contentId":"3-12207467","type":"article","url":"\u002Fuutiset\u002F3-12207467","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Hondurasissa presidentinvaalit, joiden pelätään jo ennakolta sytyttävän mellakoita "},"lead":{"text":"Väli-Amerikassa sijaitsevan Hondurasin presidentinvaaleissa mielipidemittauksia johtaa opposition ehdokas Xiomara Castro. "}},"image":{"id":"13-67-78ee53639d614f0c9feea0fa7ec1f9d0","alt":"Hondurasin presidentinvaalien pelätään aiheuttavan mellakoita","version":1638102654,"blurhash":null,"crops":null},"video":{"id":"1-60917098"},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T14:36:14+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-82801","text":"Honduras","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-82801"},{"id":"18-200597","text":"Keski-Amerikka","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-200597"},{"id":"18-217902","text":"Presidentinvaalit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-217902"},{"id":"18-144070","text":"Vaalivilppi","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-144070"},{"id":"18-218580","text":"Mielenosoitukset","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-218580"},{"id":"18-34953","text":"Ulkomaat","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-34953"}]},{"contentId":"3-12207485","type":"article","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Furheilu\u002F3-12207485","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Toni Roponen avaa rajun yksityiskohdan avulla, miksi Iivo Niskanen \"boikotoi\" Rukan pakkaskisaa – lyttää täysin tuomarineuvoston päätöksen "},"lead":{"text":"Iivo Niskanen ja Norjan miehet eivät kilpaile Rukalla kovan pakkasen takia. Kilpailu viedään kuitenkin läpi. Yle Urheilun asiantuntija Toni Roponen kehui suomalaistähden ja norjalaisten ratkaisua jättäytyä pois kilpailusta."}},"image":{"id":"39-88527561a36ff35d866","alt":"Iivo Niskanen näytti aikalisän merkkejä Rukalla kesken pakkasfarssin","version":1638101011,"blurhash":"LILNof-p~q9b01bb9GW?t.x]-nE1","crops":[{"aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"height":2255,"width":4009,"x":0,"y":370}},{"aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"height":2662,"width":1775,"x":835,"y":0}},{"aspect":1,"coordinates":{"height":2662,"width":2662,"x":668,"y":0}},{"aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"height":1599,"width":3998,"x":5,"y":398}}]},"video":{"id":"1-60917079"},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T14:12:41+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-219772","text":"Hiihto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-219772"},{"id":"18-35400","text":"Miesten hiihto","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-35400"},{"id":"18-149004","text":"Pohjoismaiset hiihtolajit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-149004"},{"id":"18-196956","text":"Iivo Niskanen","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-196956"},{"id":"18-220090","text":"Urheilu","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-220090"}]},{"contentId":"3-12207464","type":"article","url":"\u002Fuutiset\u002F3-12207464","texts":{"headline":{"text":"Suomi rajoittaa maahantuloa eteläisestä Afrikasta uuden koronamuunnoksen takia – rajavartioyksikön päällikkö: \"Maahan voi saapua vain välttämättömästä syystä\""},"lead":{"text":"\nMinisteriö ja aluehallintovirastot ovat jo ohjeistaneet kuntia terveysturvatoimiin, eli matkustajia pakollisiin terveystarkastuksiin."}},"image":{"id":"39-88527761a3734041705","alt":" Lentomatkustajia Helsinki-Vantaan lentokentällä.","version":1638101863,"blurhash":"LQKd-w~p.AD$_4%2%MbIRjxut6Rj","crops":[{"aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"height":2772,"width":4928,"x":0,"y":0}},{"aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"height":3280,"width":2186,"x":2252,"y":0}},{"aspect":1,"coordinates":{"height":3280,"width":3280,"x":1330,"y":0}}]},"publishedAt":"2021-11-28T14:11:41+0200","concepts":[{"id":"18-89760","text":"Koronavirus","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-89760"},{"id":"18-218731","text":"Tartuntataudit","url":"https:\u002F\u002Fweb.archive.org\u002Fweb\u002F20211128174907\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002F18-218731"},{"id":"18-84091","text":"Eteläinen 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