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oaxaca decomposition</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: blinder oaxaca decomposition"> <meta name="keywords" content="blinder oaxaca decomposition"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="blinder oaxaca decomposition"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 623</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: blinder oaxaca decomposition</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">623</span> Effects of Climate Change and Livelihood Diversification on Gendered Productivity Gap of Farmers in Northern Regions of Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Adzawla">William Adzawla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the midst of climate variability and change, the role of gender in ensuring food production remains vital. Therefore, this study analysed the gendered productivity among maize farmers, and the effects of climate change and variability as well as livelihood diversification on gendered productivity gap. This involved a total of 619 farmers selected through a multistage sampling procedure. The data was analysed using Oaxaca Blinder decomposition model. From the result, there is a significant productivity gap of 58.8% and 44.8% between male and female heads, and between male heads and female spouses, respectively. About 87.47% and 98.08% of the variations in gendered productivity were explained by resource endowment. While livelihood diversification significantly influenced gendered productivity through endowment and coefficient effect, climate variables significantly affect productivity gap through only coefficient effects. The study concluded that there is a substantial gendered productivity gap among farmers and this is particularly due to differences in endowment. Generally, there is a high potential of reducing gendered productivity gaps through the provision of equal diversification opportunities and reducing females’ vulnerability to climate change. Among the livelihood activities, off-farm activities such as agro-processing and shea butter processing should be promoted. Similarly, the adoption of on-farm adaptation strategies should be promoted among the farmers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change%20and%20variability" title="climate change and variability">climate change and variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood%20diversification" title=" livelihood diversification"> livelihood diversification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oaxaca-blinder%20decomposition" title=" oaxaca-blinder decomposition"> oaxaca-blinder decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity%20gap" title=" productivity gap"> productivity gap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97928/effects-of-climate-change-and-livelihood-diversification-on-gendered-productivity-gap-of-farmers-in-northern-regions-of-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">622</span> Moving beyond the Gender Pay Gap: An Investigation of Pension Gender Inequalities across European Counties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enva%20Doda">Enva Doda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent statistical analyses within the European Union (EU) underscore the enduring significance of the Gender Pay Gap in amplifying the Gender Pension Gap, a phenomenon resisting proportional reduction over time. This study meticulously calculates the Pension Gap, scrutinizing contributing variables within diverse pension systems. Furthermore, it investigates whether the "unexplained" segment of the Gender Gap correlates with political institutions, economic systems, historical events, or discrimination, utilizing quantitative methods and the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Method to pinpoint potential discriminatory factors. The descriptive analysis reveals a conspicuous Gender Pension Gap across European nations, displaying notable variation. While an overall reduction in the Gender Gap is observed, the degree of improvement varies among countries. Subsequent analyses will delve into the specific reasons or variables influencing distinct Gender Gap percentages, forming the basis for nuanced policy recommendations. This comprehensive research enriches the ongoing discourse on gender equality and economic equity. By focusing on the root causes of the Pension Gap, the study has the potential to instigate policy adjustments, urging policymakers to reassess systemic structures and contribute to informed decision-making. Emphasizing gender equality as essential for a flourishing and resilient economy, the research aspires to drive positive change on academic and policy fronts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blinder%20Oaxaca%20decomposition%20method" title="blinder Oaxaca decomposition method">blinder Oaxaca decomposition method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20pension%20gap" title=" gender pension gap"> gender pension gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20methods" title=" quantitative methods"> quantitative methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unexplained%20gender%20gap" title=" unexplained gender gap"> unexplained gender gap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183538/moving-beyond-the-gender-pay-gap-an-investigation-of-pension-gender-inequalities-across-european-counties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">621</span> A Study on Wage Discrimination Between Young and Middle-Aged Workers in Indian Informal Sector: Evidence from Periodic Labour Force Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dharshini%20S.">Dharshini S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> India is currently experiencing a shift in wage discrimination from gender, caste and religion to different age groups in both formal and informal sectors. In this milieu, this study examines wage discrimination in the informal labour market between young people (15-29 years) and middle-aged people (30-59 years) among regular and casual employees in the Indian informal sector. The data was collected using periodic labour force (PLFS), and the original data was extracted from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), Government of India. The OLS regression model explores the determinants of wages for both regular and casual employees. Moreover, the Blinder Oaxaca decomposition method is used to explore the explained and unexplained components of this wage discrimination. The younger people (regular and casual employees) get lower wages as compared to middle-aged employees in the informal sector. The regression result follows the human capital theory, where education, job experience and higher occupation help to raise the wage rate of middle-aged people more than young-aged people in regular work. Furthermore, we found the rising trend of wage discrimination between the above groups over the years from 2017-18 to 2022-23. Unexplained factors (discrimination effects) contribute more to the wage differentiation between the young and middle age groups. It indicates that wage discrimination persists among regular and casual employees in the informal labour market, which is not a good sign for the economy. For the betterment of workers who face discrimination for age, the policies and programs should be implemented like other countries such as the U.S.A to stop age discrimination due to stereotypes in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage%20discrimination" title="wage discrimination">wage discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20workers" title=" young workers"> young workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middle%20workers" title=" middle workers"> middle workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Informal%20sector" title=" Informal sector"> Informal sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blinder%20oaxaca%20decomposition" title=" blinder oaxaca decomposition"> blinder oaxaca decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLFS." title=" PLFS."> PLFS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193144/a-study-on-wage-discrimination-between-young-and-middle-aged-workers-in-indian-informal-sector-evidence-from-periodic-labour-force-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">620</span> The Wage Differential between Migrant and Native Workers in Australia: Decomposition Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Tabassum">Sabrina Tabassum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using Census Data for Housing and Population of Australia 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016, this paper shows the existence of wage differences between natives and immigrants in Australia. Addressing the heterogeneous nature of immigrants, this study group the immigrants in three broad categories- migrants from English speaking countries and migrants from India and China. Migrants from English speaking countries and India earn more than the natives per week, whereas migrants from China earn far less than the natives per week. Oaxaca decomposition suggests that major part of this differential is unexplained. Using the occupational segregation concept and Brown decomposition, this study indicates that migrants from India and China would have been earned more than the natives if they had the same occupation distribution as natives due to their individual characteristics. Within occupation, wage differences are more prominent than inter-occupation wage differences for immigrants from China and India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour" title=" labour"> labour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wage" title=" wage"> wage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109649/the-wage-differential-between-migrant-and-native-workers-in-australia-decomposition-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">619</span> Gender Gap in Returns to Social Entrepreneurship</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saul%20Estrin">Saul Estrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ute%20Stephan"> Ute Stephan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suncica%20Vujic"> Suncica Vujic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and research question: Gender differences in pay are present at all organisational levels, including at the very top. One possible way for women to circumvent organizational norms and discrimination is to engage in entrepreneurship because, as CEOs of their own organizations, entrepreneurs largely determine their own pay. While commercial entrepreneurship plays an important role in job creation and economic growth, social entrepreneurship has come to prominence because of its promise of addressing societal challenges such as poverty, social exclusion, or environmental degradation through market-based rather than state-sponsored activities. This opens the research question whether social entrepreneurship might be a form of entrepreneurship in which the pay of men and women is the same, or at least more similar; that is to say there is little or no gender pay gap. If the gender gap in pay persists also at the top of social enterprises, what are the factors, which might explain these differences? Methodology: The Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition (OBD) is the standard approach of decomposing the gender pay gap based on the linear regression model. The OBD divides the gender pay gap into the ‘explained’ part due to differences in labour market characteristics (education, work experience, tenure, etc.), and the ‘unexplained’ part due to differences in the returns to those characteristics. The latter part is often interpreted as ‘discrimination’. There are two issues with this approach. (i) In many countries there is a notable convergence in labour market characteristics across genders; hence the OBD method is no longer revealing, since the largest portion of the gap remains ‘unexplained’. (ii) Adding covariates to a base model sequentially either to test a particular coefficient’s ‘robustness’ or to account for the ‘effects’ on this coefficient of adding covariates might be problematic, due to sequence-sensitivity when added covariates are correlated. Gelbach’s decomposition (GD) addresses latter by using the omitted variables bias formula, which constructs a conditional decomposition thus accounting for sequence-sensitivity when added covariates are correlated. We use GD to decompose the differences in gaps of pay (annual and hourly salary), size of the organisation (revenues), effort (weekly hours of work), and sources of finances (fees and sales, grants and donations, microfinance and loans, and investors’ capital) between men and women leading social enterprises. Database: Our empirical work is made possible by our collection of a unique dataset using respondent driven sampling (RDS) methods to address the problem that there is as yet no information on the underlying population of social entrepreneurs. The countries that we focus on are the United Kingdom, Spain, Romania and Hungary. Findings and recommendations: We confirm the existence of a gender pay gap between men and women leading social enterprises. This gap can be explained by differences in the accumulation of human capital, psychological and social factors, as well as cross-country differences. The results of this study contribute to a more rounded perspective, highlighting that although social entrepreneurship may be a highly satisfying occupation, it also perpetuates gender pay inequalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gelbach%E2%80%99s%20decomposition" title="Gelbach’s decomposition">Gelbach’s decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20gap" title=" gender gap"> gender gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=returns%20to%20social%20entrepreneurship" title=" returns to social entrepreneurship"> returns to social entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=values%20and%20preferences" title=" values and preferences"> values and preferences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70373/gender-gap-in-returns-to-social-entrepreneurship" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">618</span> Resilence and Adaptation to Water Scarcity in San Martín de las Palmas, Santiago Tilantongo, Nochixtlán Oaxaca</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Montesinos-Pedro">E. Montesinos-Pedro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20G.%20Toscano-Flores"> L. G. Toscano-Flores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dom%C3%ADnguez-Ram%C3%ADrez"> N. Domínguez-Ramírez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water scarcity is a worldwide issue, coupled with climate change is a relevant problem, that affect not only large cities, but also rural areas. The Municipality of Santiago Tilantongo belongs to the district of Nochixtlán Oaxaca, it’s built up from 14 communities, one of them San Martin de las Palmas. This community was founded in 1900, at that time the inhabitants were supplied with water through rivers of the region which were abundant (they used containers filled in the river for that purpose); However, over the years the level of the rivers began to drop and in 1994 specific wells were located to store water and at the same time make it drinkable, this whit support of the state of Oaxaca and the program Procampo. By the year 2000 the shortage of water in the supply sources was notorious, the community requested support from the Oaxaca State government to solve the problem. The government’s response consisted in the implementation of ferro-cement tanks (2005) and water wells (2010), both for rainwater collection, Hower, it was not enough. Now days the community has a population of 60 inhabitants who have resisted and adapted to water scarcity, not only with the programs implemented by the government, but they also have implemented important structural analysis strategies. The objective of this research is to know the adaptation strategies used by the community to analyze them and propose improvements for water conservation and mitigation of this scarcity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title="adaptation">adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resiliencia" title=" resiliencia"> resiliencia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162697/resilence-and-adaptation-to-water-scarcity-in-san-martin-de-las-palmas-santiago-tilantongo-nochixtlan-oaxaca" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">617</span> Cooperative Coevolution for Neuro-Evolution of Feed Forward Networks for Time Series Prediction Using Hidden Neuron Connections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravneil%20Nand">Ravneil Nand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cooperative coevolution uses problem decomposition methods to solve a larger problem. The problem decomposition deals with breaking down the larger problem into a number of smaller sub-problems depending on their method. Different problem decomposition methods have their own strengths and limitations depending on the neural network used and application problem. In this paper we are introducing a new problem decomposition method known as Hidden-Neuron Level Decomposition (HNL). The HNL method is competing with established problem decomposition method in time series prediction. The results show that the proposed approach has improved the results in some benchmark data sets when compared to the standalone method and has competitive results when compared to methods from literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20coevaluation" title="cooperative coevaluation">cooperative coevaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20forward%20network" title=" feed forward network"> feed forward network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem%20decomposition" title=" problem decomposition"> problem decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuron" title=" neuron"> neuron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synapse" title=" synapse"> synapse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29237/cooperative-coevolution-for-neuro-evolution-of-feed-forward-networks-for-time-series-prediction-using-hidden-neuron-connections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">616</span> Optimizing Approach for Sifting Process to Solve a Common Type of Empirical Mode Decomposition Mode Mixing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Al-Baddai">Saad Al-Baddai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karema%20Al-Subari"> Karema Al-Subari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmar%20Lang"> Elmar Lang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Ludwig"> Bernd Ludwig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), a new data-driven of time-series decomposition, has the advantage of supposing that a time series is non-linear or non-stationary, as is implicitly achieved in Fourier decomposition. However, the EMD suffers of mode mixing problem in some cases. The aim of this paper is to present a solution for a common type of signals causing of EMD mode mixing problem, in case a signal suffers of an intermittency. By an artificial example, the solution shows superior performance in terms of cope EMD mode mixing problem comparing with the conventional EMD and Ensemble Empirical Mode decomposition (EEMD). Furthermore, the over-sifting problem is also completely avoided; and computation load is reduced roughly six times compared with EEMD, an ensemble number of 50. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20mode%20decomposition%20%28EMD%29" title="empirical mode decomposition (EMD)">empirical mode decomposition (EMD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20mixing" title=" mode mixing"> mode mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sifting%20process" title=" sifting process"> sifting process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over-sifting" title=" over-sifting"> over-sifting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73126/optimizing-approach-for-sifting-process-to-solve-a-common-type-of-empirical-mode-decomposition-mode-mixing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">615</span> Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release in a Temperate Grassland in Northern China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lili%20Yang">Lili Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jirui%20Gong"> Jirui Gong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinpu%20Luo"> Qinpu Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20%20Liu"> Min Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20%20Yang"> Bo Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihe%20Zhang"> Zihe Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anthropogenic activities have increased nitrogen (N) inputs to grassland ecosystems. Knowledge of the impact of N addition on litter decomposition is critical to understand ecosystem carbon cycling and their responses to global climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N addition and litter types on litter decomposition of a semi-arid temperate grassland during growing and non-growing seasons in Inner Mongolia, northern China, and to identify the relation between litter decomposition and C: N: P stoichiometry in the litter-soil continuum. Six levels of N addition were conducted: CK, N1 (0 g Nm−2 yr−1), N2 (2 g Nm−2 yr−1), N3 (5 g Nm−2 yr−1), N4 (10 g Nm−2 yr−1) and N5 (25 g Nm−2 yr−1). Litter decomposition rates and nutrient release differed greatly among N addition gradients and litter types. N addition promoted litter decomposition of S. grandis, but exhibited no significant influence on L. chinensis litter, indicating that the S. grandis litter decomposition was more sensitive to N addition than L. chinensis. The critical threshold for N addition to promote mixed litter decomposition was 10 -25g Nm−2 yr−1. N addition altered the balance of C: N: P stoichiometry between litter, soil and microbial biomass. During decomposition progress, the L. chinensis litter N: P was higher in N2-N4 plots compared to CK, while the S. grandis litter C: N was lower in N3 and N4 plots, indicating that litter N or P content doesn’t satisfy microbial decomposers with the increasing of N addition. As a result, S. grandis litter exhibited net N immobilization, while L. chinensis litter net P immobilization. Mixed litter C: N: P stoichiometry satisfied the demand of microbial decomposers, showed net mineralization during the decomposition process. With the increasing N deposition in the future, mixed litter would potentially promote C and nutrient cycling in grassland ecosystem by increasing litter decomposition and nutrient release. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%3A%20N%3A%20P%20stoichiometry" title="C: N: P stoichiometry">C: N: P stoichiometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=litter%20decomposition" title=" litter decomposition"> litter decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20addition" title=" nitrogen addition"> nitrogen addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20release" title=" nutrient release"> nutrient release</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71375/effects-of-nitrogen-addition-on-litter-decomposition-and-nutrient-release-in-a-temperate-grassland-in-northern-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">614</span> A Study of Using Multiple Subproblems in Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition of Linear Programming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Chung">William Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is to study the use of multiple subproblems in Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition of linear programming (DW-LP). Traditionally, the decomposed LP consists of one LP master problem and one LP subproblem. The master problem and the subproblem is solved alternatively by exchanging the dual prices of the master problem and the proposals of the subproblem until the LP is solved. It is well known that convergence is slow with a long tail of near-optimal solutions (asymptotic convergence). Hence, the performance of DW-LP highly depends upon the number of decomposition steps. If the decomposition steps can be greatly reduced, the performance of DW-LP can be improved significantly. To reduce the number of decomposition steps, one of the methods is to increase the number of proposals from the subproblem to the master problem. To do so, we propose to add a quadratic approximation function to the LP subproblem in order to develop a set of approximate-LP subproblems (multiple subproblems). Consequently, in each decomposition step, multiple subproblems are solved for providing multiple proposals to the master problem. The number of decomposition steps can be reduced greatly. Note that each approximate-LP subproblem is nonlinear programming, and solving the LP subproblem must faster than solving the nonlinear multiple subproblems. Hence, using multiple subproblems in DW-LP is the tradeoff between the number of approximate-LP subproblems being formed and the decomposition steps. In this paper, we derive the corresponding algorithms and provide some simple computational results. Some properties of the resulting algorithms are also given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximate%20subproblem" title="approximate subproblem">approximate subproblem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dantzig-Wolfe%20decomposition" title=" Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition"> Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large-scale%20models" title=" large-scale models"> large-scale models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20subproblems" title=" multiple subproblems"> multiple subproblems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110435/a-study-of-using-multiple-subproblems-in-dantzig-wolfe-decomposition-of-linear-programming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">613</span> A Study on Kinetic of Nitrous Oxide Catalytic Decomposition over CuO/HZSM-5</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20J.%20Song">Y. J. Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20S.%20Xu"> Q. S. Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20C.%20Wang"> X. C. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Wang"> H. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Q.%20Li"> C. Q. Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The catalyst of copper oxide loaded on HZSM-5 was developed for nitrous oxide (N₂O) direct decomposition. The kinetic of nitrous oxide decomposition was studied for CuO/HZSM-5 catalyst prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The external and internal diffusion of catalytic reaction were considered in the investigation. Experiment results indicated that the external diffusion was basically eliminated when the reaction gas mixture gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) was higher than 9000h⁻¹ and the influence of the internal diffusion was negligible when the particle size of the catalyst CuO/HZSM-5 was small than 40-60 mesh. The experiment results showed that the kinetic of catalytic decomposition of N₂O was a first-order reaction and the activation energy and the pre-factor of the kinetic equation were 115.15kJ/mol and of 1.6×109, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20decomposition" title="catalytic decomposition">catalytic decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuO%2FHZSM-5" title=" CuO/HZSM-5"> CuO/HZSM-5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrous%20oxide" title=" nitrous oxide"> nitrous oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130896/a-study-on-kinetic-of-nitrous-oxide-catalytic-decomposition-over-cuohzsm-5" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">612</span> Multistage Adomian Decomposition Method for Solving Linear and Non-Linear Stiff System of Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20H.%20Chowdhury">M. S. H. Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishak%20Hashim"> Ishak Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, linear and non-linear stiff systems of ordinary differential equations are solved by the classical Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and the multi-stage Adomian decomposition method (MADM). The MADM is a technique adapted from the standard Adomian decomposition method (ADM) where standard ADM is converted into a hybrid numeric-analytic method called the multistage ADM (MADM). The MADM is tested for several examples. Comparisons with an explicit Runge-Kutta-type method (RK) and the classical ADM demonstrate the limitations of ADM and promising capability of the MADM for solving stiff initial value problems (IVPs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiff%20system%20of%20ODEs" title="stiff system of ODEs">stiff system of ODEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runge-Kutta%20Type%20Method" title=" Runge-Kutta Type Method"> Runge-Kutta Type Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adomian%20decomposition%20method" title=" Adomian decomposition method"> Adomian decomposition method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multistage%20ADM" title=" Multistage ADM"> Multistage ADM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41137/multistage-adomian-decomposition-method-for-solving-linear-and-non-linear-stiff-system-of-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">611</span> Clutter Suppression Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Fast Wavelet Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruomeng%20Xiao">Ruomeng Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhulin%20Zong"> Zhulin Zong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Longfa%20Yang"> Longfa Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aiming at the problem that the target signal is difficult to detect under the strong ground clutter environment, this paper proposes a clutter suppression algorithm based on the combination of singular value decomposition and the Mallat fast wavelet algorithm. The method first carries out singular value decomposition on the radar echo data matrix, realizes the initial separation of target and clutter through the threshold processing of singular value, and then carries out wavelet decomposition on the echo data to find out the target location, and adopts the discard method to select the appropriate decomposition layer to reconstruct the target signal, which ensures the minimum loss of target information while suppressing the clutter. After the verification of the measured data, the method has a significant effect on the target extraction under low SCR, and the target reconstruction can be realized without the prior position information of the target and the method also has a certain enhancement on the output SCR compared with the traditional single wavelet processing method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clutter%20suppression" title="clutter suppression">clutter suppression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20value%20decomposition" title=" singular value decomposition"> singular value decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mallat%20algorithm" title=" Mallat algorithm"> Mallat algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20SCR" title=" low SCR"> low SCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181202/clutter-suppression-based-on-singular-value-decomposition-and-fast-wavelet-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">610</span> HD-WSComp: Hypergraph Decomposition for Web Services Composition Based on QoS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samah%20Benmerbi">Samah Benmerbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Amroun"> Kamal Amroun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkamel%20Tari"> Abdelkamel Tari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing number of Web service (WS)providers throughout the globe, have produced numerous Web services providing the same or similar functionality. Therefore, there is a need of tools developing the best answer of queries by selecting and composing services with total transparency. This paper reviews various QoS based Web service selection mechanisms and architectures which facilitate qualitatively optimal selection, in other fact Web service composition is required when a request cannot be fulfilled by a single web service. In such cases, it is preferable to integrate existing web services to satisfy user’s request. We introduce an automatic Web service composition method based on hypergraph decomposition using hypertree decomposition method. The problem of selection and the composition of the web services is transformed into a resolution in a hypertree by exploring the relations of dependency between web services to get composite web service via employing an execution order of WS satisfying global request. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20service" title="web service">web service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20service%20selection" title=" web service selection"> web service selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20service%20composition" title=" web service composition"> web service composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QoS" title=" QoS"> QoS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypergraph%20decomposition" title=" hypergraph decomposition"> hypergraph decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BE%20hypergraph%20decomposition" title=" BE hypergraph decomposition"> BE hypergraph decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertree%20resolution" title=" hypertree resolution"> hypertree resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23723/hd-wscomp-hypergraph-decomposition-for-web-services-composition-based-on-qos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">609</span> Decomposing the Socio-Economic Inequalities in Utilization of Antenatal Care in South Asian Countries: Insight from Demographic and Health Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeetendra%20Yadav">Jeetendra Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetha%20Menon"> Geetha Menon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Pal"> Anita Pal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkumar%20Verma"> Rajkumar Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Even after encouraging maternal and child wellness programs at worldwide level, lower-middle income nations are not reached the goal set by the UN yet. This study quantified the contribution of socioeconomic determinants of inequality to the utilization of Antenatal Care in South Asian Countries. This study used data from Demographic Health Survey (DHS) of the selected countries were used, and Oaxaca decomposing were applied for socioeconomic inequalities in utilization of antenatal care. Finding from the multivariate analysis shows that mother’s age at the time of birth, birth order and interval, mother’s education, mass media exposure and economic status were significant determinants of the utilization of antenatal care services in South Asian countries. Considering, concentration index curve, the line of equity was greatest in Pakistan which followed by India and Nepal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antenatal%20care" title="antenatal care">antenatal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition" title=" decomposition"> decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequalities" title=" inequalities"> inequalities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Asian%20countries" title=" South Asian countries"> South Asian countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100763/decomposing-the-socio-economic-inequalities-in-utilization-of-antenatal-care-in-south-asian-countries-insight-from-demographic-and-health-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">608</span> Thermal Decomposition Behaviors of Hexafluoroethane (C2F6) Using Zeolite/Calcium Oxide Mixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazunori%20Takai">Kazunori Takai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weng%20Kaiwei"> Weng Kaiwei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadao%20Araki"> Sadao Araki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideki%20Yamamoto"> Hideki Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HFC and PFC gases have been commonly and widely used as refrigerant of air conditioner and as etching agent of semiconductor manufacturing process, because of their higher heat of vaporization and chemical stability. On the other hand, HFCs and PFCs gases have the high global warming effect on the earth. Therefore, we have to be decomposed these gases emitted from chemical apparatus like as refrigerator. Until now, disposal of these gases were carried out by using combustion method like as Rotary kiln treatment mainly. However, this treatment needs extremely high temperature over 1000 °C. In the recent year, in order to reduce the energy consumption, a hydrolytic decomposition method using catalyst and plasma decomposition treatment have been attracted much attention as a new disposal treatment. However, the decomposition of fluorine-containing gases under the wet condition is not able to avoid the generation of hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid is corrosive gas and it deteriorates catalysts in the decomposition process. Moreover, an additional process for the neutralization of hydrofluoric acid is also indispensable. In this study, the decomposition of C2F6 using zeolite and zeolite/CaO mixture as reactant was evaluated in the dry condition at 923 K. The effect of the chemical structure of zeolite on the decomposition reaction was confirmed by using H-Y, H-Beta, H-MOR and H-ZSM-5. The formation of CaF2 in zeolite/CaO mixtures after the decomposition reaction was confirmed by XRD measurements. The decomposition of C2F6 using zeolite as reactant showed the closely similar behaviors regardless the type of zeolite (MOR, Y, ZSM-5, Beta type). There was no difference of XRD patterns of each zeolite before and after reaction. On the other hand, the difference in the C2F6 decomposition for each zeolite/CaO mixtures was observed. These results suggested that the rate-determining process for the C2F6 decomposition on zeolite alone is the removal of fluorine from reactive site. In other words, the C2F6 decomposition for the zeolite/CaO improved compared with that for the zeolite alone by the removal of the fluorite from reactive site. HMOR/CaO showed 100% of the decomposition for 3.5 h and significantly improved from zeolite alone. On the other hand, Y type zeolite showed no improvement, that is, the almost same value of Y type zeolite alone. The descending order of C2F6 decomposition was MOR, ZSM-5, beta and Y type zeolite. This order is similar to the acid strength characterized by NH3-TPD. Hence, it is considered that the C-F bond cleavage is closely related to the acid strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexafluoroethane" title="hexafluoroethane">hexafluoroethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite" title=" zeolite"> zeolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20oxide" title=" calcium oxide"> calcium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition" title=" decomposition"> decomposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35529/thermal-decomposition-behaviors-of-hexafluoroethane-c2f6-using-zeolitecalcium-oxide-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">607</span> Volatile Organic Compounds from Decomposition of Local Food Waste and Potential Health Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Rohana%20Mohd%20Yatim">Siti Rohana Mohd Yatim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ku%20Halim%20Ku%20Hamid"> Ku Halim Ku Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamariah%20Noor%20Ismail"> Kamariah Noor Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulkifli%20Abdul%20Rashid"> Zulkifli Abdul Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to investigate odour emission profiles from storage of food waste and to assess the potential health risk caused by exposure to volatile compounds. Food waste decomposition process was conducted for 14 days and kept at 20°C and 30°C in self-made bioreactor. VOCs emissions from both samples were collected at different stages of decomposition starting at day 0, day 1, day 3, day 5, day 7, day 10, day 12 and day 14. It was analyzed using TD-GC/MS. Findings showed that various VOCs were released during decomposition of food waste. Compounds produced were influenced by time, temperature and the physico-chemical characteristics of the compounds. The most abundant compound released was dimethyl disulfide. Potential health risk of exposure to this compound is represented by hazard ratio, HR, calculated at 1.6 x 1011. Since HR equal to or less than 1.0 is considered negligible risk, this indicates that the compound posed a potential risk to human health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compounds" title="volatile organic compounds">volatile organic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition%20process" title=" decomposition process"> decomposition process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title=" food waste"> food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk" title=" health risk"> health risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39703/volatile-organic-compounds-from-decomposition-of-local-food-waste-and-potential-health-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">606</span> Adomian’s Decomposition Method to Functionally Graded Thermoelastic Materials with Power Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamdy%20M.%20Youssef">Hamdy M. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20A.%20Al-Lehaibi"> Eman A. Al-Lehaibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an iteration method for the numerical solutions of a one-dimensional problem of generalized thermoelasticity with one relaxation time under given initial and boundary conditions. The thermoelastic material with variable properties as a power functional graded has been considered. Adomian’s decomposition techniques have been applied to the governing equations. The numerical results have been calculated by using the iterations method with a certain algorithm. The numerical results have been represented in figures, and the figures affirm that Adomian’s decomposition method is a successful method for modeling thermoelastic problems. Moreover, the empirical parameter of the functional graded, and the lattice design parameter have significant effects on the temperature increment, the strain, the stress, the displacement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adomian" title="Adomian">Adomian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition%20method" title=" decomposition method"> decomposition method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20thermoelasticity" title=" generalized thermoelasticity"> generalized thermoelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112183/adomians-decomposition-method-to-functionally-graded-thermoelastic-materials-with-power-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">605</span> Application of Tocopherol as Antioxidant to Reduce Decomposition Process on Palm Oil Biodiesel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supriyono">Supriyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumardiyono"> Sumardiyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rendy%20J.%20Pramono"> Rendy J. Pramono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels promising for substituting petrodiesel as energy source which has an advantage as it is sustainable and eco-friendly. Due to the raw material that tends to decompose during storage, biodiesel also has the same characteristic that tends to decompose during storage. Biodiesel decomposition will form higher acid value as the result of oxidation to double bond on a fatty acid compound on biodiesel. Thus, free fatty acid value could be used to evaluate degradation of biodiesel due to the oxidation process. High free fatty acid on biodiesel could impact on the engine performance. Decomposition of biodiesel due to oxidation reaction could prevent by introducing a small amount of antioxidant. The origin of raw materials and the process for producing biodiesel will determine the effectiveness of antioxidant. Biodiesel made from high free fatty acid (FFA) crude palm oil (CPO) by using two steps esterification is vulnerable to oxidation process which is resulted in increasing on the FFA value. Tocopherol also known as vitamin E is one of the antioxidant that could improve the stability of biodiesel due to decomposition by the oxidation process. Tocopherol 0.5% concentration on palm oil biodiesel could reduce 13% of increasing FFA under temperature 80 °C and exposing time 180 minute. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20biodiesel" title=" palm oil biodiesel"> palm oil biodiesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition" title=" decomposition"> decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tocopherol" title=" tocopherol"> tocopherol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49087/application-of-tocopherol-as-antioxidant-to-reduce-decomposition-process-on-palm-oil-biodiesel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">604</span> Multi-Scaled Non-Local Means Filter for Medical Images Denoising: Empirical Mode Decomposition vs. Wavelet Transform </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Rabbouch">Hana Rabbouch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, there has been considerable growth of denoising techniques mainly devoted to medical imaging. This important evolution is not only due to the progress of computing techniques, but also to the emergence of multi-resolution analysis (MRA) on both mathematical and algorithmic bases. In this paper, a comparative study is conducted between the two best-known MRA-based decomposition techniques: the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The comparison is carried out in a framework of multi-scale denoising, where a Non-Local Means (NLM) filter is performed scale-by-scale to a sample of benchmark medical images. The results prove the effectiveness of the multiscaled denoising, especially when the NLM filtering is coupled with the EMD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20imaging" title="medical imaging">medical imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20local%20means" title=" non local means"> non local means</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denoising" title=" denoising"> denoising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiscaled%20analysis" title=" multiscaled analysis"> multiscaled analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20mode%20decomposition" title=" empirical mode decomposition"> empirical mode decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelets" title=" wavelets"> wavelets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115243/multi-scaled-non-local-means-filter-for-medical-images-denoising-empirical-mode-decomposition-vs-wavelet-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">603</span> Feature Extraction Technique for Prediction the Antigenic Variants of the Influenza Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Forghani">Majid Forghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Khachay"> Michael Khachay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In genetics, the impact of neighboring amino acids on a target site is referred as the nearest-neighbor effect or simply neighbor effect. In this paper, a new method called wavelet particle decomposition representing the one-dimensional neighbor effect using wavelet packet decomposition is proposed. The main idea lies in known dependence of wavelet packet sub-bands on location and order of neighboring samples. The method decomposes the value of a signal sample into small values called particles that represent a part of the neighbor effect information. The results have shown that the information obtained from the particle decomposition can be used to create better model variables or features. As an example, the approach has been applied to improve the correlation of test and reference sequence distance with titer in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigenic%20variants" title="antigenic variants">antigenic variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighbor%20effect" title=" neighbor effect"> neighbor effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20packet" title=" wavelet packet"> wavelet packet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20particle%20decomposition" title=" wavelet particle decomposition"> wavelet particle decomposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96149/feature-extraction-technique-for-prediction-the-antigenic-variants-of-the-influenza-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">602</span> Anomaly Detection in Financial Markets Using Tucker Decomposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Krafessi">Salma Krafessi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The financial markets have a multifaceted, intricate environment, and enormous volumes of data are produced every day. To find investment possibilities, possible fraudulent activity, and market oddities, accurate anomaly identification in this data is essential. Conventional methods for detecting anomalies frequently fail to capture the complex organization of financial data. In order to improve the identification of abnormalities in financial time series data, this study presents Tucker Decomposition as a reliable multi-way analysis approach. We start by gathering closing prices for the S&P 500 index across a number of decades. The information is converted to a three-dimensional tensor format, which contains internal characteristics and temporal sequences in a sliding window structure. The tensor is then broken down using Tucker Decomposition into a core tensor and matching factor matrices, allowing latent patterns and relationships in the data to be captured. A possible sign of abnormalities is the reconstruction error from Tucker's Decomposition. We are able to identify large deviations that indicate unusual behavior by setting a statistical threshold. A thorough examination that contrasts the Tucker-based method with traditional anomaly detection approaches validates our methodology. The outcomes demonstrate the superiority of Tucker's Decomposition in identifying intricate and subtle abnormalities that are otherwise missed. This work opens the door for more research into multi-way data analysis approaches across a range of disciplines and emphasizes the value of tensor-based methods in financial analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tucker%20decomposition" title="tucker decomposition">tucker decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20markets" title=" financial markets"> financial markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20engineering" title=" financial engineering"> financial engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition%20models" title=" decomposition models"> decomposition models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183176/anomaly-detection-in-financial-markets-using-tucker-decomposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">601</span> A Hybrid Adomian Decomposition Method in the Solution of Logistic Abelian Ordinary Differential and Its Comparism with Some Standard Numerical Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20J.%20Adeyeye">F. J. Adeyeye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Eni"> D. Eni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20Okedoye"> K. M. Okedoye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we present a Hybrid of Adomian decomposition method (ADM). This is the substitution of a One-step method of Taylor’s series approximation of orders I and II, into the nonlinear part of Adomian decomposition method resulting in a convergent series scheme. This scheme is applied to solve some Logistic problems represented as Abelian differential equation and the results are compared with the actual solution and Runge-kutta of order IV in order to ascertain the accuracy and efficiency of the scheme. The findings shows that the scheme is efficient enough to solve logistic problems considered in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adomian%20decomposition%20method" title="Adomian decomposition method">Adomian decomposition method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20part" title=" nonlinear part"> nonlinear part</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-step%20method" title=" one-step method"> one-step method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taylor%20series%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20approximation" title=" Taylor series approximation"> Taylor series approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20of%20Adomian%20polynomial" title=" hybrid of Adomian polynomial"> hybrid of Adomian polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20problem" title=" logistic problem"> logistic problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malthusian%20parameter" title=" Malthusian parameter"> Malthusian parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Verhulst%20Model" title=" Verhulst Model"> Verhulst Model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36872/a-hybrid-adomian-decomposition-method-in-the-solution-of-logistic-abelian-ordinary-differential-and-its-comparism-with-some-standard-numerical-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">600</span> Comparison of Effect of Promoter and K Addition of Co₃O₄ for N₂O Decomposition Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20H.%20Hwang">R. H. Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Park"> J. H. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20B.%20Yi"> K. B. Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nitrous oxide (N2O) is now distinguished as an environmental pollutant. N2O is one of the representative greenhouse gases and N2O is produced by both natural and anthropogenic sources. So, it is very important to reduce N2O. N2O abatement processes are various processes such as HC-SCR, NH3-SCR and decomposition process. Among them, decomposition process is advantageous because it does not use a reducing agent. N2O decomposition is a reaction in which N2O is decomposed into N2 and O2. There are noble metals, transition metal ion-exchanged zeolites, pure and mixed oxides for N2O decomposition catalyst. Among the various catalysts, cobalt-based catalysts derived from hydrotalcites gathered much attention because spinel catalysts having large surface areas and high thermal stabilities. In this study, the effect of promoter and K addition on the activity was compared and analyzed. Co3O4 catalysts for N2O decomposition were prepared by co- precipitation method. Ce and Zr were added during the preparation of the catalyst as promoter with the molar ratio (Ce or Zr) / Co = 0.05. In addition, 1 wt% K2CO3 was doped to the prepared catalyst with impregnation method to investigate the effect of K on the catalyst performance. Characterizations of catalysts were carried out with SEM, BET, XRD, XPS and H2-TPR. The catalytic activity tests were carried out at a GHSV of 45,000 h-1 and a temperature range of 250 ~ 375 ℃. The Co3O4 catalysts showed a spinel crystal phase, and the addition of the promoter increased the specific surface area and reduced the particle and crystal size. It was exhibited that the doping of K improves the catalytic activity by increasing the concentration of Co2+ in the catalyst which is an active site for catalytic reaction. As a result, the K-doped catalyst showed higher activity than the promoter added. Also, it was found through experiments that Co2+ concentration and reduction temperature greatly affect the reactivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Co%E2%82%83O4" title="Co₃O4">Co₃O4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-doped" title=" K-doped"> K-doped</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%E2%82%82O%20decomposition" title=" N₂O decomposition"> N₂O decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promoter" title=" promoter"> promoter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80173/comparison-of-effect-of-promoter-and-k-addition-of-co3o4-for-n2o-decomposition-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">599</span> A Heuristic for the Integrated Production and Distribution Scheduling Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Meinecke">Christian Meinecke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Scholz-Reiter"> Bernd Scholz-Reiter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The integrated problem of production and distribution scheduling is relevant in many industrial applications. Thus, many heuristics to solve this integrated problem have been developed in the last decade. Most of these heuristics use a sequential working principal or a single decomposition and integration approach to separate and solve sub-problems. A heuristic using a multi-step decomposition and integration approach is presented in this paper and evaluated in a case study. The result show significant improved results compared with sequential scheduling heuristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20and%20outbound%20distribution" title="production and outbound distribution">production and outbound distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20planning" title=" integrated planning"> integrated planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristic" title=" heuristic"> heuristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decomposition" title=" decomposition"> decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4364/a-heuristic-for-the-integrated-production-and-distribution-scheduling-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">598</span> Aqua Logo Design 2013 Decomposition and Meanings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peni%20Rizki">Peni Rizki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents decomposition on Aqua logo design 2013 as well as exploration on the meanings denoting marketing resolution. In the analysis, it is described decomposition details on Aqua logo design 2013, a semiotics implementation on marketing enterprise. 2013’s design is different in parts from its first establishment in 1973. Upon that, design elements such as pictures and colors are examined in semiotic theories of sign utilized as directives to the meaning constructed. Each part of the design is analyzed based on its significations that generate denotation and connotation as well as myth. At the end will be concluded the converses of Aqua logo design 2013 in reflection to its initiated marketing creativity; what pictures and colors do in it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title="design">design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqua" title=" aqua"> aqua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiotics" title=" semiotics"> semiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signification" title=" signification"> signification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45954/aqua-logo-design-2013-decomposition-and-meanings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">597</span> Studies on the Spontaneous Reductive Decomposition Behavior of Permanganate in the Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Kyu%20Lee">Hyun Kyu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Zin%20Oh"> Won Zin Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=June%20Hyun%20Kim"> June Hyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Hee%20Kim"> Jin Hee Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20June%20Choi"> Sang June Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hak%20Soo%20Kim"> Hak Soo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The oxidative dissolution of chromium oxide by manganese oxides including permanganate have been widely studied not only for the chemical decontamination of nuclear power plant, but also for the environmental control of the toxic chromate caused by naturally occurring manganese dioxide. However, little attention has been made for the spontaneous reductive decomposition of permanganate in the water, which is a competing reaction with the oxidation of the chromium oxide by permanganate. The objective of this study is to investigate the spontaneous reductive decomposition behavior of permanganate in the water, depending on the variation of acidity, temperature and concentration. Results of the experiments showed that the permanganate reductive decomposition product is manganese dioxide, and this reaction accompanies with the same molar amount of hydrogen ion consumption. Therefore, at the neutral condition (ex. potassium permanganate solution without acidic chemicals), the permanganate do not reduce by itself at any condition of temperature, concentration within the experimental range. From the results, we confirmed that the oxidation reaction for the permanganate reduction is the water oxidation that is accompanying the oxygen evolution. The experimental results on the reductive decomposition behavior of permanganate in the water also showed that the degree and rate of permanganate reduction increases with the temperature, acidity and concentration. The spontaneous decomposition of the permanganates obtained in the studies would become a good reference to select the operational condition, such as temperature, acidity and concentration, for the chemical decontamination of nuclear power plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanganate%20reduction" title="permanganate reduction">permanganate reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spontaneous%20decomposition" title=" spontaneous decomposition"> spontaneous decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20oxidation" title=" water oxidation"> water oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidity" title=" acidity"> acidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permanganate%20concentration" title=" permanganate concentration"> permanganate concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20decontamination" title=" chemical decontamination"> chemical decontamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20power%20plant" title=" nuclear power plant"> nuclear power plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53686/studies-on-the-spontaneous-reductive-decomposition-behavior-of-permanganate-in-the-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">596</span> Reactive Fabrics for Chemical Warfare Agent Decomposition Using Particle Crystallization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myungkyu%20Park">Myungkyu Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minkun%20Kim"> Minkun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunghoon%20Kim"> Sunghoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samgon%20Ryu"> Samgon Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, research for reactive fabrics which have the characteristics of CWA (Chemical Warfare Agent) decomposition is being performed actively. The performance level of decomposition for CWA decomposition in various environmental condition is one of the critical factors in applicability as protective materials for NBC (Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical) protective clothing. In this study, results of performance test for CWA decomposition by reactive fabric made of electrospinning web and reactive particle are presented. Currently, the MOF (metal organic framework) type of UiO-66-NH₂ is frequently being studied as material for decomposing CWA especially blister agent HD [Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide]. When we test decomposition rate with electrospinning web made of PVB (Polyvinyl Butiral) polymer and UiO-66-NH₂ particle, we can get very high protective performance than the case other particles are applied. Furthermore, if the repellant surface fabric is added on reactive material as the component of protective fabric, the performance of layer by layered reactive fabric could be approached to the level of current NBC protective fabric for HD decomposition rate. Reactive fabric we used in this study is manufactured by electrospinning process of polymer which contains the reactive particle of UiO-66-NH₂, and we performed crystalizing process once again on that polymer fiber web in solvent systems as a second step for manufacturing reactive fabric. Three kinds of polymer materials are used in this process, but PVB was most suitable as an electrospinning fiber polymer considering the shape of product. The density of particle on fiber web and HD decomposition rate is enhanced by secondary crystallization compared with the results which are not processed. The amount of HD penetration by 24hr AVLAG (Aerosol Vapor Liquid Assessment Group) swatch test through the reactive fabrics with secondary crystallization and without crystallization is 24 and 146μg/cm² respectively. Even though all of the reactive fiber webs for this test are combined with repellant surface layer at outer side of swatch, the effects of secondary crystallization of particle for the reactive fiber web are remarkable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CWA" title="CWA">CWA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chemical%20Warfare%20Agent" title=" Chemical Warfare Agent"> Chemical Warfare Agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20decomposition" title=" gas decomposition"> gas decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20growth" title=" particle growth"> particle growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protective%20clothing" title=" protective clothing"> protective clothing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20fabric" title=" reactive fabric"> reactive fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swatch%20test" title=" swatch test"> swatch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90603/reactive-fabrics-for-chemical-warfare-agent-decomposition-using-particle-crystallization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">595</span> Nonlinear Heat Transfer in a Spiral Fin with a Period Base Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Teng%20Tsai">Kuo-Teng Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=You-Min%20Huang"> You-Min Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the problem of a spiral fin with a period base temperature is analyzed by using the Adomian decomposition method. The Adomian decomposition method is a useful and practice method to solve the nonlinear energy equation which are associated with the heat radiation. The period base temperature is around a mean value. The results including the temperature distribution and the heat flux from the spiral fin base can be calculated directly. The results also discussed the effects of the dimensionless variables for the temperature variations and the total energy transferred from the spiral fin base. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spiral%20fin" title="spiral fin">spiral fin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=period" title=" period"> period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adomian%20decomposition%20method" title=" adomian decomposition method"> adomian decomposition method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear" title=" nonlinear"> nonlinear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25994/nonlinear-heat-transfer-in-a-spiral-fin-with-a-period-base-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">594</span> Blind Channel Estimation for Frequency Hopping System Using Subspace Based Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Qasaymeh">M. M. Qasaymeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Khodeir"> M. A. Khodeir </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Subspace channel estimation methods have been studied widely. It depends on subspace decomposition of the covariance matrix to separate signal subspace from noise subspace. The decomposition normally is done by either Eigenvalue Decomposition (EVD) or Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the Auto-Correlation matrix (ACM). However, the subspace decomposition process is computationally expensive. In this paper, the multipath channel estimation problem for a Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) system using noise space based method is considered. An efficient method to estimate multipath the time delays basically is proposed, by applying MUltiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm which used the null space extracted by the Rank Revealing LU factorization (RRLU). The RRLU provides accurate information about the rank and the numerical null space which make it a valuable tool in numerical linear algebra. The proposed novel method decreases the computational complexity approximately to the half compared with RRQR methods keeping the same performance. Computer simulations are also included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20hopping" title="frequency hopping">frequency hopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20model" title=" channel model"> channel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20delay%20estimation" title=" time delay estimation"> time delay estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RRLU" title=" RRLU"> RRLU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RRQR" title=" RRQR"> RRQR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MUSIC" title=" MUSIC"> MUSIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LS-ESPRIT" title=" LS-ESPRIT"> LS-ESPRIT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27149/blind-channel-estimation-for-frequency-hopping-system-using-subspace-based-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blinder%20oaxaca%20decomposition&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blinder%20oaxaca%20decomposition&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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