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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Potential causes of delay from pressing a button to the game reacting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Potential_causes_of_delay_from_pressing_a_button_to_the_game_reacting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Controller_sends_signal_to_console" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controller_sends_signal_to_console"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Controller sends signal to console</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controller_sends_signal_to_console-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Console/PC_processes_next_frame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Console/PC_processes_next_frame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Console/PC processes next frame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Console/PC_processes_next_frame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Display_lag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Display_lag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Display lag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Display_lag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typical_overall_response_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typical_overall_response_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Typical overall response times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typical_overall_response_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Delay between an input and an action</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge_to plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/75px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/100px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into <i><a href="/wiki/Lag_(video_games)" title="Lag (video games)">Lag (video games)</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Lag_(video_games)#Merge_from_Input_lag" title="Talk:Lag (video games)">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since October 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Input lag</b> or <b>input latency</b> is the amount of <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a> that passes between sending an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical signal">electrical signal</a> and the occurrence of a corresponding action. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Video games">video games</a> the term is often used to describe any latency between input and the <a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">game engine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">monitor</a>, or any other part of the <a href="/wiki/Signal_chain" title="Signal chain">signal chain</a> reacting to that input, though all contributions of input lag are cumulative. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potential_causes_of_delay_from_pressing_a_button_to_the_game_reacting">Potential causes of delay from pressing a button to the game reacting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Input_lag&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Potential causes of delay from pressing a button to the game reacting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The potential causes for input lag are described below. Each step in the process, however small, increases total input lag, however the combined result may not be noticeable if all input lag is low enough. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controller_sends_signal_to_console">Controller sends signal to console</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Input_lag&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Controller sends signal to console"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For wired controllers, this lag is normally negligible. For wireless controllers, opinions vary as to the significance of this lag. Some people claim to notice extra lag when using a wireless controller, while other people claim that the 4–8 milliseconds of lag is negligible.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Console/PC_processes_next_frame"><span id="Console.2FPC_processes_next_frame"></span>Console/PC processes next frame</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Input_lag&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Console/PC processes next frame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Videogame_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Videogame console">videogame console</a> or <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PC</a> will send out a new <a href="/wiki/Film_frame#Video_frames" title="Film frame">frame</a> once it has finished performing the necessary calculations to create it. The amount of frames rendered per <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a> (on <a href="/wiki/Average" title="Average">average</a>) is called the <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frame rate</a>. Using common a 60 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a> monitor as an example, the maximum theoretical frame rate is 60 <a href="/wiki/Frames_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Frames per second">FPS</a> (frames per second), which means the minimum theoretical input lag for the overall system is approximately <span class="nowrap">16.67 ms (1 frame/60 FPS)</span>. The monitor is usually the <a href="/wiki/Bottleneck_(engineering)" title="Bottleneck (engineering)">bottleneck</a> for the theoretical maximum FPS, since there is little point in rendering more frames than the monitor can show. In situations where the <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">GPU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">memory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">bus</a>, etc. load is bottlenecked, FPS can drop below the monitor's refresh rate. </p><p>Individual frames need not be finished within the interval of a screen refresh to output at an equivalent rate. <a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">Game engines</a> often make use of <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_(computing)" title="Pipeline (computing)">pipelined</a> architectures to process multiple frames <a href="/wiki/Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">concurrently</a>, allowing for a more efficient use of the underlying <a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a>. This exacerbates input lag, especially at low frame rates.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Display_lag">Display lag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Input_lag&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Display lag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Display_lag" title="Display lag">Display lag</a></div> <p>This is the lag caused by the television or monitor (also called <b>output lag</b>). In addition to the latency imposed by the screen's <a href="/wiki/Pixel_response_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixel response time">pixel response time</a>, any image processing (such as <a href="/wiki/Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">upscaling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motion_interpolation" title="Motion interpolation">motion smoothing</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Spatial_anti-aliasing" title="Spatial anti-aliasing">edge smoothing</a>) takes time and therefore adds more input lag. An input lag below 30 <a href="/wiki/Millisecond" title="Millisecond">ms</a> is generally considered unnoticeable in a <a href="/wiki/Television_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Television screen">television</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the frame has been processed, the final step is the updating the <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a> to display the correct color for the new frame. The time this takes is called the <a href="/wiki/Pixel_response_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixel response time">pixel response time</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Typical_overall_response_times">Typical overall response times</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Input_lag&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Typical overall response times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Testing has found that overall input lag (from human input to visible response) times of approximately <span class="nowrap">200 ms</span> are distracting to the user. It also appears that (excluding the monitor/television display lag) <span class="nowrap">133 ms</span> is an average response time and the most sensitive games (<a href="/wiki/Fighting_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighting games">fighting games</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_person_shooters" class="mw-redirect" title="First person shooters">first person shooters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm games">rhythm games</a>) achieve response times of <span class="nowrap">67 ms</span> (excluding display lag).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Input_lag&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Response_time_(technology)" title="Response time (technology)">Response time (technology)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Input_lag&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dein-fernseher.de/input-lag-fernseher/">Input Lag Test: TVs from 2016 + 2017</a> Dein-Fernseher.de </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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